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Study of Parameters Dominating Electromechanical and Sensing Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Study of parameters dominating electromechanical and sensing response in ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) transducers Abdallah Mohammad Almomani Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons, Materials Science and Engineering Commons, Mechanical Engineering Commons, and the Mechanics of Materials Commons Recommended Citation Almomani, Abdallah Mohammad, "Study of parameters dominating electromechanical and sensing response in ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) transducers" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16068. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16068 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Study of parameters dominating electromechanical and sensing response in ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) transducers by Abdallah Mohammad Almomani A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Aerospace Engineering Program of Study Committee: Reza Montazami, Co-Major Professor Wei Hong, Co-Major Professor Ashraf Bastawros Pranav Shrotriya Ran Dai The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Abdallah Mohammad Almomani, 2017. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my family. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, Mohammad Almomani and Etaf Almomani, who instilled in me and opened my eyes to the importance of pursuing graduate studies. They always encourage me to do my best to achieve that. My brothers and sisters, who believed in me and supported me the whole time. My beloved wife Hala, who never left my side and encouraged me throughout the whole journey of the doctoral program, and for my beloved son Diyaa who was born at the beginning of this journey and should have more caring time during his early stage of his childhood. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ xiv INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .......................................................1 1.1.1. Piezoelectric materials .........................................................................................3 1.1.2. Shape Memory Alloys .........................................................................................3 1.1.3. Electroactive polymer ..........................................................................................5 1.2.1. Electronic EAP (EEAP) Actuators ......................................................................7 1.2.2. Ionic EAP (IEAP) Actuators ................................................................................9 1.3.1. Ionomeric membrane .........................................................................................15 1.3.2. Electrolyte ..........................................................................................................19 1.3.3. Conductive Network Composite (CNC) Layer..................................................20 1.3.4. Metallic Outer Electrodes ..................................................................................27 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND PROCEDURES ...................................36 2.1.1. Materials ............................................................................................................36 2.1.2. Fabrication procedure: .......................................................................................37 2.2.1. Actuation performance characterization ............................................................41 2.2.2. Sensing performance characterization ...............................................................42 2.2.3. Electrochemical characterization .......................................................................44 2.2.4. Characterization of electromechanical behavior as a function of temperature ..46 2.2.5. Ion exchange procedure .....................................................................................48 iv INFLUENCE OF IONIC LIQUID CONCENTRATION ON THE ELECTROMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF IONIC ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS ............................................49 3.2.1. Sample Preparation ............................................................................................51 3.2.2. Electrochemical characterization .......................................................................52 3.2.3. Electromechanical characterization ...................................................................52 3.3.1. Current flow .......................................................................................................53 3.3.2. Electromechanical Response .............................................................................54 3.3.3. Electrochemical Studies .....................................................................................55 3.3.4. Discussion ..........................................................................................................60 ELECTROCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF IONIC POLYMER METAL COMPOSITES AS STRESS SENSORS ..........64 4.2.1. Materials ............................................................................................................66 4.2.2. Methods..............................................................................................................67 4.3.1. Morphological characterization .........................................................................70 4.3.2. Electrochemical analysis ....................................................................................72 4.3.3. Mechanoelectrical sensing performance ............................................................75 SOFT IONIC ELECTROACTIVE ACTUATORS WITH TUNABLE NON-LINEAR ANGULAR DEFORMATION ..............................................83 v 5.2.1. Materials ............................................................................................................86 5.2.2. Sample Fabrication ............................................................................................86 5.2.3. Sample nomenclature .........................................................................................88 5.2.4. Electrochemical characterizations .....................................................................88 5.2.5. Electromechanical Characterizations .................................................................88 5.2.6. Morphological and mechanical characterizations ..............................................89 5.2.7. Finite element modeling ....................................................................................90 5.3.1. Cyclic Voltammetry ...........................................................................................90 5.3.2. Equivalent circuit modeling ...............................................................................91 5.3.3. Charging and discharging ..................................................................................94 5.3.4. Electromechanical response ...............................................................................95 5.4.1. Discussion ..........................................................................................................96 5.4.2. Finite element simulation ...................................................................................98 5.7.1. Morphological and mechanical characterizations. ...........................................108 5.7.2. Simulation of electromechanical response by FEM ........................................109 5.7.3. Supporting Information References .................................................................113 INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IONIC LIQUID- DOPED IONIC POLYMER-METAL COMPOSITE ACTUATORS .........115 6.2.1. Materials ..........................................................................................................120 6.2.2. Sample Preparation ..........................................................................................120 6.2.3. Electromechanical characterization .................................................................121 6.2.4. Electrochemical characterization .....................................................................122 vi 6.3.1. Electromechanical Response ...........................................................................123 6.3.2. Electrochemical characterization .....................................................................128
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