Stationary Radio Direction Finding Station of Hf Frequency Band «Krug-M-A»
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Reconfigurable Antenna Based System for Spectrum Monitoring
Reconfigurable Antenna based System for Spectrum Monitoring and Radio Direction Finding Hassan El-Sallabi, Abdulaziz Aldosari, and Saad Alkaabi Emri Signal and Information Technology Corps Qatar Armed Forces Doha, Qatar Abstract A reconfigurable antenna based system for spectrum monitoring and radio direction finding is proposed. The proposed system provides lower complexity and smaller physical size compared to existing direction finding systems based on phase difference of multiple antenna elements or systems based on mechanically rotating antenna. Instead of using multi-element antenna arrays or rotatable directional antenna, we use reconfigurable antenna that has the capability to reconfigure its characteristics to match frequency and minimize polarization loss of incoming signals. The other main feature of the reconfigurable radio direction finder is the use of multiple directional antenna pattern states with multiple pointing directions that cover the azimuthal 360 degrees. I. Introduction Spectrum range dedicated for radio communications is scarce. Communications industry worldwide and new wireless services offered in market increased the demand for the RF spectrum. These demands have a major consequences on frequency allocations to meet no electromagnetic interference requirements. Spectrum management is helps to maintain interference free environment. Part of spectrum management process is spectrum monitoring to ensure proper operation of radio communication systems without harmful interference as required by spectrum management activities. Spectrum monitoring has the following the goals: 1) find out any interference on local, regional and global scale; 2) ensuring acceptable quality in operating systems; 3) provides information on actual use of spectrum bands; 4) provide measurement based inputs to programs organized by ITU to eliminate harmful interference. -
The Crossing of Heaven
The Crossing of Heaven Memoirs of a Mathematician Bearbeitet von Karl Gustafson, Ioannis Antoniou 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xvi, 176 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 22557 4 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 456 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Mathematik > Numerik und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen > Angewandte Mathematik, Mathematische Modelle Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. 4. Computers and Espionage ...and the world’s first spy satellite... It was 1959 and the Cold War was escalating steadily, moving from a state of palpable sustained tension toward the overt threat to global peace to be posed by the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis – the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war. Quite by chance, I found myself thrust into this vortex, involved in top-level espionage work. I would soon write the software for the world’s first spy satellite. It was a summer romance, in fact, that that led me unwittingly to this particular role in history. In 1958 I had fallen for a stunning young woman from the Washington, D.C., area, who had come out to Boulder for summer school. So while the world was consumed by the escalating political and ideological tensions, nuclear arms competition, and Space Race, I was increasingly consumed by thoughts of Phyllis. -
8200.1D United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TECHNICAL MANUAL TM 95-225 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY MANUAL NAVAIR 16-1-520 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE MANUAL AFMAN 11-225 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION ORDER 8200.1D UNITED STATES STANDARD FLIGHT INSPECTION MANUAL April 2015 DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY, THE NAVY, AND THE AIR FORCE AND THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION DISTRIBUTION: Electronic Initiated By: AJW-331 RECORD OF CHANGES DIRECTIVE NO. 8200.1D CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL TO TO BASIC BASIC The material contained herein was formerly issued as the United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual, dated December 1956. The second edition incorporated the technical material contained in the United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual and revisions thereto and was issued as the United States Standard Facilities Flight Check Manual, dated December 1960. The third edition superseded the second edition of the United States Standard Facilities Flight Check Manual; Department of Army Technical Manual TM-11-2557-25; Department of Navy Manual NAVWEP 16-1-520; Department of the Air Force Manual AFM 55-6; United States Coast Guard Manual CG-317. FAA Order 8200.1A was a revision of the third edition of the United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual, FAA OA P 8200.1; Department of the Army Technical Manual TM 95-225; Department of the Navy Manual NAVAIR 16-1-520; Department of the Air Force Manual AFMAN 11-225; United States Coast Guard Manual CG-317. FAA Order 8200.1B, dated January 2, 2003, was a revision of FAA Order 8200.1A. FAA Order 8200.1C, dated October 1, 2005, was a revision of FAA Order 8200.1B. -
Methods of Radio Direction Finding As an Aid to Navigation
FWD : MWB Letter 1-6 DP PA RT*«ENT OF COMMERCE Circular BUREAU OF STANDARDS No. 56 WASHINGTON (March 27, 1923.)* 4 METHODS OF RADIO DIRECTION F$JDJipG AS AN AID TO NAVIGATION; THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OB£&fmTING THE DIRECTION FINDER ON SHORg$tgJFcN SHIPBOARD By F. W, Dunmo:^, Associate Physicist Now that the great value of the radio direction finder as an aid to navigation is being generally recognized, consider- able importance attaches to the question whether Its proper location is on shipboard, in the hands of the navigator, or on shore. The essential part of a radio direction finding equipment or '‘radio compass'' consists of a coil of wire usually wound on a frame from four to five feet square, so mounted as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. Suitable radio receiving apparatus is connected to this coil for the reception of the radio beacon signals. The construction and operation of the direction finder have been discussed in detail in Bureau of Standards Scientific Paper No. 438, by F.A.Kolster and F.W. Dunmore, to which the reader may refer for further . informa- tion.* The present paper is concerned primarily with a com- parison of the relative advantages of the location of the •direction finder on shore and on shipboard, The two methods may be briefly described as follows; 1. Direction Finder on Shore. --This method, usually con- sists in the use of two or more radio direction finder station installations on shore, each of these compass stations being connected by wire to a controlling transmitting station. -
LORAN-A Historic Context
' . Prepared by Alice Coneybeer U.S. Coast Guard, MLCP (se) Coast Guard Island, Bldg. 540 Alameda, CA 94501-5100 Phone 510.437.5804 Fax 510.437.5753 U.S. Coast Guard- Maintenance & Logistics Command Pacific • • • • • • • • • • LORAN-A Historic Context Alaska (District 17) September 1998 ENCLOSURE(2.} ( LORAN-A Context 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS .........•.....................................................•......................•........•..................................•. 1 2. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 2 3. IDSTORY OF LORAN-A STATIONS.............................................................................................................. 2 4. LORAN-A IN ALASKA. ..................................................................................................................................... 3 5. LORAN-A DURING THE COLD WAR IN ALASKA (1945-1989) ............................................................... 4 6. NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGffiiLITY EVALUATION .............................................................................. 4 6.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF LORAN-A WITIIIN TilE CONTEXT OF TilE DEVELOPMENT OF AIDS TONAVIGATION ............................................................................................................................... 5 6.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF LORAN-A WITIIIN TilE CONTEXT OF WORLD WAR II IN ALASKA .............. 5 6.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF LORAN-A WITIIIN TilE HISTORIC CONTEXT -
Radio Direction Finding in Air Traffic Services
A. Novak: Radio Direction Finding in Air Traffic Services ANDREJ NOVAK, D. Se. Traffic Engineering E-mail: [email protected] Review University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics U. D. C.: 654.165:351.841.31 of Transport and Communications Accepted: Apr. 11,2005 Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovak Republic Approved: Sep.6,2005 RADIO DIRECTION FINDING IN AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES ABSTRACT Another reason for the importance of Radio Di rection Finding lies in the fact that frequency-spread The paper analyses the Radio Direction Finding principle ing techniques are increasingly used for wireless com for navigation and swveillance system. Radio Direction Find munications: this means that the spectral components ing involves locating the bearing of a transmitter called a radio can only be associated with a certain emitter if the di beacon. A radio beacon's signal is received aboard a vehicle by rection is known. Direction finding therefore is an in a device called radio direction finder (RDF). The navigator turns the antenna ofthe radio direction finder to find the direc dispensable first step in radio detection; the more as tion of the radio beacon. The RDF shows when the antenna is reading the contents of such emissions is usually im pointing towards the beacon. Radio direction finding is one of possible. the oldest electronic navigation systems for aircraft and ships. It The localization of emitters is often a multistage is generally used as a piloting aid along coastal waters. The process. Direction finders spread across a country al range of a radio direction finding signal depends on the type of lowing the transmitter to be located to a few kilo radio beacon. -
Radio Navigation Signals
Radio Navigation Signals This series of articles about radio navigation signals appeared in the WUN-newsletters of November and December 1995 and January 1996. © Worldwide Utility News / Ary Boender 1995-1996 Systems covered in the articles: Alpha DECCA LENA Ralog-20 SYLEDIS AN/SSQ-72 Del Norte Trisponder LORAN-A RANA TACAN AN/TRQ-112 DGPS LORAN-C Raydist Timation AN/TRQ-114 Diff Omega LORAN-D RDF TORAN P100 AN/TRQ-32 GEE MARS-75 RS-10 Transit NNSS Argo DM-54 GeoLoc Maxiran RS-WT1 Tsikada Artemis-3 GLONASS Mini Ranger RS-WT1S Tsyklon Autotape GPS NDB RSBN VOR-DME Bathymetric Guardrail Omega Seafix WJ-8958 BRAS-3 HI-FIX/6 Parus / Tsikada-M SECOR Chayka Hydrotrac Pulse/8 Shoran Consol Hyper-Fix Quick-Fix SPRUT Radio Direction Finding (RDF) Radio Direction Finding (RDF) is the most widespread of radio navigation systems. Most pleasure boats, fishing vessels and larger commercial and naval vessels have RDF equipment onboard. Various countries installed radio direction-finder equipment at points ashore. These stations will take radio bearings on ships when requested, passing that info by radio to the ships. I will explain it in detail using Norddeich Radio as an example. Unfortunately the North Sea DF-net no longer exists, but it gives you a good idea how it works. There are still direction-finder stations in Norway, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Panama and Russia. The radio direction-finding control station of the North Sea direction finding network was Norddeich Radio. Bearings were taken on the freqs 410 and 500 kHz and on freqs between 1605 and 3800 kHz. -
RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS, Pub 117 Searchable Electronic Version Distributed by Starpath School of Navigation
RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS, Pub 117 searchable electronic version distributed by starpath school of navigation Chapter 1 RADIO DIRECTION FINDER AND RADAR STATIONS PART I RADIO DIRECTION FINDER STATIONS 100A. General. 100B. Accuracy of Bearings Furnished by Direction Finding Stations . 100C. Obligations of Administrations Operating Direction Finding Stations . 100D. Procedure to Obtain Radio Direction Finder Bearings and Positions . 100E. Plotting Radio Bearings. 100F. Radio Bearing Conversion. 100G. Direction Finding Station List . PART II RADAR STATIONS 110A. Coast and Port Radar Station List . Chapter 2 RADIO TIME SIGNALS 200A. General. 200B. The United States System . 200C. The Old International (ONOGO) System . 200D. The New International (Modified ONOGO) System . 200E. The English System . 200F. The BBC System . 200G. Codes for the Transmission of UTC Adjustments. 200H. Shortwave Services Provided by the NIST WWV-WWVH Broadcasts . Station List. Chapter 3 RADIO NAVIGATIONAL WARNINGS 300A. General. 300B. Coastal and Local Warnings . 300C. Long Range Warnings . 300D. Worldwide Warnings. 300E. Worldwide Warnings Message Content . 300F. Warning Message Format . 300G. SPECIAL WARNINGS and Broadcast Stations. 300H. NAVTEX. 300I. U.S. NAVTEX Transmitting Stations . 300J. Worldwide NAVTEX Transmitting Stations . 300K. Ice Information . 300L. Navigational Warning Station List . 300M. WorldWide Navigational Warning Service NAVAREA Coordinators . Chapter 4 DISTRESS, EMERGENCY, AND SAFETY TRAFFIC PART I 400A. General. 400B. Obligations and Responsibilities of U.S. Vessels . 400C. Reporting Navigational Safety Information to Shore Establishments. 400D. Assistance by SAR Aircraft and Helicopters. 400E. Reports of Hostile Activities . 400F. Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) . 400G. Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) . 400H. The Inmarsat System . 400I. The SafetyNET System . 400J. Digital Selective Calling (DSC) . -
Evaluation VHF Intercept and Direction Finding Systems
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1989 Evaluation VHF intercept and direction finding systems. Siddiqui, Muhammad Aleem. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25913 UNCLASSIFIED S.'URiTY CLASS. FiCAT'Orj Qi^ THiS PAGt form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 0MB No 0704 on REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTIVE MARK NGS Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION 'AVAHABlLiTV OF PE.-OP" Approved for public release; DECLASSIFICATION ' DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution is unlimited PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER{S) 5 MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION (If applicable) ^aval Postgraduate Schoo] 61 Naval Postgraduate School ADDRESS {City, State, and ZIP Code) 7t) ADDRESS (C/fy State and ZIP Code) Monterey, California 93943-5000 Monterey, California 93943-5000 NAME OF FUNDING SPONSORING Bb OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBEf ORGANIZATION (If applicable) ADDRESS(C/f> State and ZIP Code) in SOURCE OF FUNDING NjMBE»S P!^'OGRAM PROJECT TASr vvorn unit Element no NO NO -ccession no i TITLE (Include Security Classification) EVALUATION OF VHF INTERCEPT AND DIRECTION FINDING SYSTEMS ! PERSONAL AUTHOR'S; SIDDIQUI, Muhammad Aleem ia TYPE OF REPORT 3b TIME COVERED ^ DATE OF REPOR" (Year Month Day) 3 PAGE COUN' Master's Thesis FROM TO 1989, September 91 j SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION COSATl CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on revefse if necessar-y and identify by block number) ELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Electronic Warfare, Interception, Direction Finding ) ABSTRACT {Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) This thesis evaluates VHF Intercept and Direction Finding (DF) collection systems developed by ESL International, Watkins Johnson, and HRB Singer for induction into a divisional level signal battalion of the Pakistan ^rmy. -
New Aspects of Progress in the Modernization of the Maritime Radio Direction Finders (RDF)
New Aspects of Progress in the Modernization of the Maritime Radio Direction Finders (RDF) Dimov Stojče Ilčev This paper as an author contribution introduces the the past, the RDF devices were widely used as a radio navigation implementation of the new aspects in the modernization system for aircraft, vehicles, and ships in particular. However, of the ships Radio Direction Finders (RDF) and their modern the newly developed RDF devices can be used today as an principles and applications for shipborne and coastal navigation alternative to the Radio – Automatic Identification System (R-AIS), surveillance systems. The origin RDF receivers with the antenna Satellite – Automatic Identification System (S-AIS), Long Range installed onboard ships or aircraft were designed to identify radio Identification and Tracking (LRIT), radars, GNSS receivers, and sources that provide bearing the Direction Finding (DF) signals. another current tracking and positioning systems of ships. The The radio DF system or sometimes simply known as the DF development of a modern shipborne RDF for new positioning technique is de facto a basic principle of measuring the direction and surveillance applications, such as Search and Rescue (SAR), of signals for determination of the ship's position. The position Man over board (MOB), ships navigation and collision avoidance, of a particular ship in coastal navigation can be obtained by two offshore applications, detection of research buoys and for costal or more measurements of certain radio sources received from vessels traffic -
A Short History of Army Intelligence
A Short History of Army Intelligence by Michael E. Bigelow, Command Historian, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Introduction On July 1, 2012, the Military Intelligence (MI) Branch turned fi fty years old. When it was established in 1962, it was the Army’s fi rst new branch since the Transportation Corps had been formed twenty years earlier. Today, it remains one of the youngest of the Army’s fi fteen basic branches (only Aviation and Special Forces are newer). Yet, while the MI Branch is a relatively recent addition, intelligence operations and functions in the Army stretch back to the Revolutionary War. This article will trace the development of Army Intelligence since the 18th century. This evolution was marked by a slow, but steady progress in establishing itself as a permanent and essential component of the Army and its operations. Army Intelligence in the Revolutionary War In July 1775, GEN George Washington assumed command of the newly established Continental Army near Boston, Massachusetts. Over the next eight years, he dem- onstrated a keen understanding of the importance of MI. Facing British forces that usually outmatched and often outnumbered his own, Washington needed good intelligence to exploit any weaknesses of his adversary while masking those of his own army. With intelligence so imperative to his army’s success, Washington acted as his own chief of intelligence and personally scrutinized the information that came into his headquarters. To gather information about the enemy, the American com- mander depended on the traditional intelligence sources avail- able in the 18th century: scouts and spies. -
FM 24-18. Tactical Single-Channel Radio Communications
FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS RDL Document Homepage Information HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C. 30 SEPTEMBER 1987 FM 24-18 TACTICAL SINGLE- CHANNEL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PREFACE II. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SINGLE-CHANNEL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS III. CHAPTER 2 RADIO PRINCIPLES Section I. Theory and Propagation Section II. Types of Modulation and Methods of Transmission IV. CHAPTER 3 ANTENNAS http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/24-18/fm24-18.htm (1 of 3) [1/11/2002 1:54:49 PM] FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I. Requirement and Function Section II. Characteristics Section III. Types of Antennas Section IV. Field Repair and Expedients V. CHAPTER 4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPERATING SINGLE-CHANNEL RADIOS Section I. Siting Considerations Section II. Transmitter Characteristics and Operator's Skills Section III. Transmission Paths Section IV. Receiver Characteristics and Operator's Skills VI. CHAPTER 5 RADIO OPERATING TECHNIQUES Section I. General Operating Instructions and SOI Section II. Radiotelegraph Procedures Section III. Radiotelephone and Radio Teletypewriter Procedures VII. CHAPTER 6 ELECTRONIC WARFARE VIII. CHAPTER 7 RADIO OPERATIONS UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS Section I. Operations in Arcticlike Areas Section II. Operations in Jungle Areas Section III. Operations in Desert Areas Section IV. Operations in Mountainous Areas Section V. Operations in Special Environments IX. CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND INTEROPERABILITY TECHNIQUES Section I. Retransmission and Remote Control Operations Section II. Secure Operations Section III. Equipment Compatibility and Netting Procedures X. APPENDIX A POWER SOURCES http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/24-18/fm24-18.htm (2 of 3) [1/11/2002 1:54:49 PM] FM 24-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI.