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Exploited Off Thoothukudi Coast, Tamil Nadu, India

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Exploited Off Thoothukudi Coast, Tamil Nadu, India Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol.46 (11),November 2017, pp. 2367-2371 Age, Growth and Mortality characteristics of Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) exploited off Thoothukudi coast, Tamil Nadu, India M. Vasantharajan1, P.Jawahar2, S. Santhoshkumar2 & P.Ramyalakshmi3 1Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam 611 001, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam 611 001, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam 611 001, Tamil Nadu, India. [E- mail: [email protected]] Received 17 July 2015 ; revised 17 November 2016 Study on maximum sustainable yield along Thoothukudi coast indicated that L.lentjan is underexploited. The L∞, K and t0 value of L.lentjan were 78.8 cm, 0.37 year-1 and -0.68 year respectively. The K value of L.lentjan was relatively higher inferring slow growth rate of this tropical demersal fish species. Total instantaneous mortality (Z) of L.lentjan was 1.28 year-1 and the estimated Fishing mortality was 0.73. Recruitment of L.lentjan was recorded in throughout year with two peaks in July – August, 2011and April, 2012. [Keywords : Lethrinus lentjan, Age, Growth, Mortality ] Introduction In India, the good perch grounds were L.nebulosus (Starry emperor bream), L. harak found in northeast coasts from the depth of 60 -70 (Yellow banded emperor bream), L.elongatus (Long m and located in the range between 18° to 20° N face pig face bream) and Lethrinella miniatus (long and 84° to 87° E, as recorded1. Perches contribute nosed emperor)5. The Lethrinidae family fishes about 5.1% of the total marine fish catch of Tamil such as L.harak, L. lentjan, L. mahsena, L. Nadu state. Among that Thoothukudi district microdon, L. miniatus, L. nebulosus, L. ornatus, L. contributes around 11.08% of total marine fish variegates and Gymnocranius griseus are recorded catch of the state2. The L. Lentjan has couple of as coral reef fishes in the Gulf of Mannar6. The spawning peaks from December to February and Lethrinid fishes are not included in the IUCN red June to August. The L. lentjan has fast growth in list. Though in depth studies were made on the the first year and with the increase in age a decrease stock assessment of the various species of lethrinid in the rate of growth was also observed3. During the fishes by different authors throughout the Indian month of mid-June, the large sized juveniles of waters elsewhere, detailed studies on the stock Lethrinids ranging from 30 to 40 mm of total length assessment and management of lethrinid fishes in were found in sea grass beds4. It included Thoothukudi coast were not done so far. Hence, the L.atkinsoni, L. harak, L. obsoletus, L. genivittatus present investigation was undertaken. and L. ornatus. The lethrinid juveniles preferred the sea grass-replenished reefs only and not the sea Materials and Methods grass-free reefs. In India, the available species of The present study was carried out for a family Lethrinidae (Pig face breams) are period of 12 months from July 2011 to June 2012. 2368 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 46, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2017 The abundance of lethrinid fish species in the Thoothukudi coast triggered this study on its fishery management aspects. Major lethrinid species available along Thoothukudi coast were Lethrinus lentjan, L.nebulosus, L.ornatus, L.elongatus, L.microdon, L.mahsena, L.harak, L.ramak. L.conchyliatus, L.rubiroperculatus, Gymnocranius robinsonii and G.griseus. A total of 5760 specimens of L.lentjan were collected during the study period Fig.1. Length frequency distibution and seasonal occurrence of to estimate the stock assessment parameters. Lethrinus lentjan (July 2011 – June 2012) Age and growth studies The minimum size recorded was 12 cm weighing approximately 10 g, while maximum size Length frequency data of L.lentjan were recorded was 75 cm (3300 g) during the months of October every week for the period from July 2011 to June and December. The length group ranged from 14.5 2012. About 120 specimens were collected during cm to 75 cm L.lentjan which constituted the major every sampling and the total length and the weight lethrinid catch in trawl net fishery. of each specimen were measured and recorded. Age and growth were assessed using the FiSAT Age and growth computer software7. The L∞ and K values were analysed by non-parametric scoring of VBGF fit Progression of modes of various length using ELEFAN-I. The length frequency data were groups of L.lentjan were obtained using subjected to model progression technique by Bhattacharya’s method and linking of the means are splitting the modes using Bhattacharya’s analysis represented in Fig. 2 . followed by linking of the means. The seasonality of growth was confirmed using Appeldoorn’s method in FiSAT software. The ‘ϕ ' ’ an index of growth performance was also estimated using Pauly and Munro’s formula8. ϕ ' = ln K+2 ln L∞ where, K - curvature parameter L∞ - asymptotic length Mortality parameters Fig.2. Progression of modes of various cohorts of Lethrinus lentjan The total mortality rate (Z) was estimated by length converted catch curve method using FiSAT. The The growth curve of L.lentjan is given in Fig. 3. natural mortality (M) was estimated by Pauly’s equation (1980) considering the mean annual habitat temperature, L∞ (asymptotic length) and K (curvature parameter) of L.lentjan. The co-efficient of fishing mortality (F) was derived using the relationship Z = F + M. Results and Discussion The analysis of catch composition on Lethrinid fishery revealed that L.lentjan was available throughout the year at Thoothukudi coast. The length composition and length frequency data collected are presented in Fig. 1. Fig.3. Growth curve of Lethrinus lentjan VASANTHARAJAN et al.: AGE, GROWTH AND MORTALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LETHRINUS LENTJAN 2369 The maximum life span was found to be 11 assessed by using the FiSAT software with 5760 years for L.lentjan. The Von Bertalanffy’s Growth specimens. From the result, it is evident that L. Function plot of L.lentjan is represented in Fig.4. lentjan is a long lived species. The estimated growth parameters of L∞, K, to for L. lentjan in the current work were 78.8 cm, 0.37 and - 0.68 respectively. The results of L∞, K, to of L. lentjan from the Mauritius coast were estimated as 78.26, 0.235, - 0.6111. Similar studies such as L∞, K, to made from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea for L. lentjan is 67.2cm, 0.16 and - 1.161 respectively which is lower than that recorded in the present study12. Fig.4. Von Bertalanffy’s Growth function plot of Lethrinus lentjan The length base index of growth performance (ϕ') of 7.74 was found to be in L. The estimated growth parameters of lentjan. The factor explaining the relationship L.lentjan are shown in Table 1. between natural mortality coefficient and physiological factor ‘M/K’ was also recorded in L. Table .1. Growth parameters of Lethrinus lentjan of lentjan. These value found in L. lentjan is 1.48. This Thoothukudi coast is due to the fast metabolic rate in L. lentjan as observed now. Hamsa et al., (1994) The estimated L∞ Species K M/K t ϕ ‘K’ value of L. lentjan as 0.4172 in the Gulf of (cm) 0 Mannar from Kilakarai13. and 0.03994 in the Gulf 14 Lethrinus 78.8 0.37 1.48 -0.68 7.74 of Mannar from Thoothukudi . The present lentjan estimated ‘K’ values also do not differ much from these studies. Thus, it is evident that L. lentjan is a The Asymptotic length (L∞) of L.lentjan slow growing fish. was found to be 78.8 cm. The growth co-efficient (K) of L.lentjan is 0.37 respectively. The estimated Mortality parameters ‘t ’ value for L.lentjan it was -0.68. The length base o The mortality parameters and exploitation index of growth performance (ϕ '– phi prime) of ratio of L. lentjan are shown in Table 2. L.lentjan was 7.74. Table.2. Mortality parameters and exploitation ratio of The factors explaining the relationship Lethrinus lentjan of Thoothukudi coast between the natural mortality coefficient and physical factor (M/K) were 1.15 for L. lentjan. The generalized von Bertalanffy’s growth equation for Natural Fishing Total Exploitation L. lentjan is given below : Species mortality mortality instantaneous ratio (M) (F) mortality (Z) (E = F/Z) Generalized VBGF equation for L. lentjan Lethrinus 0.55 0.73 1.28 0.57 L (t) = 78.8* {1-exp - 0.37 (t - 0.68)} lentjan In the present study, the life span of L. lentjan was estimated at 11 years. 9Earlier studies The estimated total instantaneous mortality (Z) and indicated the similar results of 14 years of life span natural mortality (M) of L. lentjan was found to be in L. lentjan by sectioning the scale patterns. In case 1.28 and 0.55 respectively. The fishing mortality of otolith sectioned study it showed the oldest age co-efficient (F) of L. lentjan were 0.73. The of L. lentjan as 27 years. Marriott et al10 also estimate exploitation ratio of L. lentjan was 0.57. recorded the average life span of L. lentjan as 8-15 The estimated ‘Z’ values of L. lentjan by length years. In this study, the life span of L. lentjan was converted catch curve method were 1.28 (Fig.5). 2370 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 46, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2017 be increased to achieve the Maximum Sustainable Yield from this region.
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