Gives up Autonomy by Jim Colaprico Students of Georgetown, Inc

55th Year, No. 19 GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Friday, February 28, 1975 Corp. to Pay Rent; Gives Up Autonomy by Jim Colaprico Students of Georgetown, Inc. has agreed to pay rent to the University for the space it uses in Healy Basement and to surrender a certain amount of its authority over the extention of its services in an effort to end the legal controversies regarding its relationship to the university. Besides the payment of rent, an evaluating committee will be set up to determine whether the corp's lease should be renewed each year. Also, any new programs that the corp wishes to institute must first be studied by Off-Campus Affairs Dean William Scheurman. If disagreement develops between Scheurman and the corp, the evaluating team will be the final arbitor. The recommendations are subject to the approval of University President Rev. R. J. Henle, SJ. "Our main goal was to draw a and the administration, is a vice president of the corp, said. distinction between the corp as a surrendering of a certain amount "In a limited sense, we have separate entity in itself and the of corp autonomy, student gov· traded off a small portion of our University Corporation as a emment leaders expressed the view independence, but I think that we _whole," Student Development that it was "a necessary thing," are getting the better edge out of Vice President Dr. Patricia Rue- "We have to recognize that any the deal," incoming SG President ckel said. She explained that these gripe made against the corp will Dave Ralston commented. He recommendations, should "settle also be made against the Univer- explained that the strategy behind the obvious problems" that the sity. Therefore, there is a small the recommendations are to move University has been having with amount of risk that the University the corp under the control of area merchants. The merchants is taking. Because of this risk Student Development with reo have been complaining that the there must be an evalutory pro- gards to legal and real estate tax corp provides them with "unfair cess in which the University is situations only. competition" because it doesn't involved," Sal Massaro, executive (Continued on page 6) mcur costs such as rent and utilities. "By accepting a rent charge, we have removed this part of the merchants argument," Bonn Gov't Halts Vice President for Student Development, Dr. Patricia Rueckel assisted Student Government President in the negoitations between student government, the student Jack Leslie said. In answer to criticism that the corporation and the University to solve the corporation's legal creation of an evaluating team to Univ. Exchanges difficulties. settle conflicts between the corp by Rosemarie Loffredo " ,,/ ./'H ~,. The plan to bring more than ',.,,~ 20,000 German students to United States universities and col Construction Worker Killed leges has been postponed until at least the 1976-77 academic year, According to Fr. Harold Bradley, At Mad Center Excavation director of international pro by Barry Weigand grams, "The problem is not on our (US) side, but involves legal Construction worker James Bames feU more than 25 feet to his death Tuesday afternoon while working difficulties in the German legis. on the new Concentrated Care Center building (CCC) on the Georgetown medical center campus. The 53 lature." year-old Northeast resident had been working on a scaffold about six feet above the floor of the fourth level Fr. Bradley responded to an of the building, removing forms used to shape newly poured coucrete. Bames had just returned from his article entitled "Where are all those lunch break. had been standing at the edge of the scaffold when German Students?" by Phillip According to police reports, Barnes was walking Semas which appeared in the on the scaffold and lost his balance, falling through "one of the fellows said, 'Don't step back,' and he stepped back." February 24, 1975 edition of the Fr. Harold Bradley, SJ an open area planned for air conditioning units to Chronicle of Higher Education, In the third floor. He was pronounced dead at The fourth level of the concentrated care center Debate to secure funding for is actually the ground level on the North side facing the article Semas outlined the the US-German program con Georgetown University Hospital at 1:28 pm, major problems concerning the according to police detective William Wood. the hospital while the first floor of the CCC is above tinues in the lower house of the ground on the south side. exchange program. These inclu German legislature. In the upper The results of an autopsy performed Wednesday ded: 1) the different systems of were not released by police officials. According to Barnes had been employed by the Hyman Co., house, the German Christian Dem degrees in Europe and the United ocratic Party passed an amend Detective Wood, district law requires that the the general contractor, as a laborer, according to States would cause academic dif Homocide Division of the Metropolitan Police Mancini. ment allowing use of German ficulties for the students upon funds for study in the United investigate any death resulting from an industrial Construction on the $15 million project began in arrival back in Germany; 2) the accident. January, 1974 and is expected to be completed next States. However, the amendment program of studies in the United is encountering trouble in getting Safety Director of the George Hyman Construe summer. The concentrated care building is expected States does not suit the needs of tion Company, William Mancini, said that Barnes to open in September, 1976. th rough the Bundestag, Ger the German students, 3) the cost many's lower house. of education in the United States "If the amendment could have IS too high, 4) if too many stu passed by the end of last year, we dents in Germany receive college could have gone through with the Students and be C5rabuatt The HOYA Friday. February 28.1975 NEWS REVIEW Townhouse Lecture Delay Series The Darnall-Reiss townhouse A series of lectures on the project, which is experiencing a roles and activities of women delay in the start of construction, and minorities is scheduled to be is expected to be ready for occu delivered at Georgetown Unjver pancy during the 1976·77 school sity March 3, 4 and 6. The talks, year. Daniel Altobello, vice presi enfitled "Toward a New Social dent for administrative services, Order," will be given by three (Photo by Mike Meth) attributes the delay to the Depart Daniel J. Altobello speakers, each one renowned in The Unviersity townhouses that are expected to be built on the ment of Housing and Urban De his or her field, and wil\ Darnall-Reiss site have been delayed until HUD establishes wage scales velopment. Town Meeting comprise the first program at for the construction workers. The funding for the project Georgetown to be sponsored by comes primarily from HUD, The School of Language and the Danforth Foundation, a SAM Bridges Gap which is loaning the University Linguistics last Friday night held private organization interested in $3.8 million of the total cost of its third annual town meeting for bigher education. The Society for Advancement here specialists in all fields, not $5.4 million for the townhouse. all students enrolled in the SLL. The series is scheduled to of Management (SAM) is a only business, but economics, Altobello explained that con The evening included panel discus open with a talk by Margaret division of the American government and languages. struction can not start until HUD sions followed by a gala celebra Love on "Affirmative Action: Management Association, a prof Management training is not just establishes wage scales for the tion. Women and Minorities". Ms. essional association of highly for business students." construction workers on the pro The town meeting brings to Love, a faculty member at Yale successful managers, company "There is no communication ject. A final bid was received by gether all the SLL students and Law School, has served as presidents and innovators in the between the schools here; for the University on February 11, faculty to discuss the major issues associate secretary of the Amer field of business. example, the Nursing School and this was submitted in a full confronting the school. This ican Association of University SAM is a participative organi could benefit greatly from the report to HUD on February 21. year's gathering was attended Professors and has shown par zation that seeks to inform borad view of management that Altobel1o was not worried by by 400 participants. A faculty ticular interest in the fields of students and prospective is taken by the SAM," Aarons the delay, noting that: 1) the student forum discussed the pro academic freedom and tenure, management trainees of the stated. project is still on time; 2) the blems currently involved in the discrimination and the status of possibilities for advancement The programs of SAM are University wil\ not lose any of the Introduction to Linguistics course women. and the scope of private enter intended to augment the class HUD funding due to the delay, which is required of all freshmen The following day, Ruth prise. It is a campus division of room learning experience. The since it is not the University's in the SLL. The discussion en Shinn, currently employed in the AMA, and aims to develop AMA, the parent organization, fault; 3) Georgetown is perhaps abled the various opinions con the Bureau of Labor Law of the the skills of leadership and sponsors summer workshops in the last private university to re cerning the topic to be aired. Jill Department of Labor, will de management in students of all management, invites students to ceive such federal funding, since Sagarin, one of the organizers of liver the second address on fields of study. its monthly area meetings where most similar- aid projects to pri the program, commented that "Women and the Regeneration Campus organizer Orville influential and renowned mem vate education have been termin "now professors can figure out of Values in Community". Aarons (C'75) feels that the bers of the organization lecture, ated; and 4) "HUD has been very what should be taught in the programs offered by the AMA and makes its membership cooperative with us on this linguistics course and likewise, (Contributors: Rich Racine, are particularly geared to the available for its campus counter project, and we're delighted to they have learned where the Darien Basset, Bob Daly, and Georgetown campus. "We have part, SAM, to tap. have their help". students stand on the issue." Karen Barsohn.)

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MASTER CHARGE BANKAMERICARD FridaV, February 28, 1975 The HOYA ,.3 Jewish Studies Requested by George Behan possibility of initiating a Jewish UniversitY offer conversational matters does exist, contrary to ''The pnnciple is good but as studies program, but he cited very Hebrew, and AU has a full-fledged what has been reported and resources to private universities important budget considerations Jewish studies program. labelled an "injudicious remark" become scarcer, it is more impor- • as a major reason why it would be "In a sense the students have by Fr. Henle regarding the irnpor tant to consider the consortium," difficult to increase the number of been taking a sort of Jewish tance of student input. commented Fr. Aloysius P. Jewish-oriented courses now of studies program through the Should funding for a Jewish Kelley, executive vice president fered. Theology department," Fr. Kelley studies program not be offered by for academic affairs regarding the He also cited Georgetown's added. the University, it has been sug campus Jewish Students Associa consortium committment as a The Theology department of gested by some Jewish students tion request for a Hebrew Lan viable part of the University fered four Jewish-oriented courses that they make an appeal to the guage Program. academics, stating that both in the fall semester, and is offering United Jewish Appeal. Fr. Robert J. Henle, SJ Fr. Kelley did not rule out the George Washington and American two courses this semester, in addition to Biblical literature courses, according to Fr. William C. McFadden, SJ, theology depart GU Urges Early Applications ment chairman. His department now offers an improvised concen tration in Jewish studies. Fr. McFadden. who recently For Alban Towers Housing co-sponsored an accredited tour of Israel during Christmas recess, by Mike Weisberger other factors. Bill Scheurman, determine how many tenants at Alban Towers are students at expressed the hope that the The Office of Off-Campus associate dean of the Office of Jewish students' requests be given Housing has urged Georgetown Off-Campus Affairs, pointed out Georgetown, so he can send a letter asking them if they intend proper study by the proper students planning to apply for that because most students do not university officials, regarding both express an interest in living in the to renew their leases. This will housing at Alban Towers, the academic and financial considera Umversity-owned apartment-hotel give Scheurman and his staff Universi ty -o wned apartment tions. building, to submit applications until they fail to find a place some idea of how much space will elsewhere, the available accom be available for new tenants. The Jewish students' course of early for assurance in apartment action is unclear pending a Sun modations must go to others who confirmation. The office stressed day night meeting. Their original the fact that Georgetown students want them. "As soon as the residence hall "The problem is that if George lottery is over at the end of appeal was directed to University do not have preference over other President R. J. Henle, SJ, although prospective tenants. town students do not fill the March, we will try to encourage people to express their interest by many campus officials have sug Alban Towers is an apartment apartments by June, we cannot gested that the appeal should have Fr. Aloysius P. Kelley Vice hotel under the jurisdiction of deny space to outside groups such signing up for a lease," he said. President for Academic Affairs "At that time we will make floor been to the deans or to Fr. Kelley, the DC Human Rights Law, and as students from American Uni· Georgetown's chief academic ex considers the role of the consortium versity and George Washington plans available, give details about therefore cannot discriminate in ecutive officer. University because of fair housing prices and have people here from The Jewisb students have its selection of tenants on the Fr_ Kelley has affirmed that voiced the fear that the money basis of sex, age, income level, laws," Scheurman said. Alban Towers and Investment He is presently trying to Properties to answer questions." student input into curriculum from the proposed Arab Institute permanent residence status or any would politicize GU academics. Jewish students have claimed that they have been treated "inequi tably."

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------European Railroads, Department 192-2006 : NAT'L MED 80S : • THOUSANDS HAVE _ Box 70, Bohemia, New York 11716 : RAISEDTHEIRSCORES : Gentlemen, : Call: _ Please send me your free brochure, "The Trains of Europe." : 244-3010 : Name Address City State Zip My Travel Agent is ~iii!" ~ : EDUCATIONAL CENTER • • lEST PAEPAAATION • • SPf:c,A.USTS SINCE 19J8 • THE TRAINS OF EUROPE • 4201 Connecticut Ave., N.~ Ask anyone Who's been there. •• Washington, D.C. 20008 • • Brilnches ,n t.4a,IOt US C,t.- • Paqe 4 The HOVA Friday, February 28, 1975 editorial Realism and Jewish Studies Jewish students have an opportunity universities. GW especially is within easy Sunday night to plan a realistic campaign to commuting distance from the campus, only introduce a Jewish studies program at a ten-minute bus ride down Pennsylvania Georgetown. But the demands recently Avenue. voiced by the Jewish Students Association Georgetown can benefit from additional will not succeed unless the administration is courses in Jewish studies. Recent Vatican convinced that such a program has academic guidelines for Jewish-Christian relations have merit. urged serious academic programs in Judaica The JSA will have to consider the likely at Roman Catholic universities. The JSA objections to a formal Jewish studies proposals merit the University's attention, concentration. The administration could and the University's executive academic vice point out that the University offers more president has promised that attention. courses in Jewish religion, history and literature than it does in the area of black Emotional rhetoric won't satisfy the studies. It could argue that the Theology criteria the University applies to its academic department provides a concentration in programs, however. The JSA must prove Jewish studies for any student who wants it. that enough students will support Jewish Finally, it could mention full-fledged pro courses to justify the commitment of grams at American and George Washington Georgetown's limtied financial resources. rostrum Chew on a pop-top, Joe and Jane, Selling Out the Corp? You've forgotten the stuff of which you're made, It appears that both the Office of Student According to student leaders, no matter 'Cause I've got them sad and weary, Kinda dreary, Development and the Students of George what the relationship is between the corp Post-election campaign blues. -Ed Oriani town, Inc. have applied a double standard to and the University, if a law suit was brought Beer and its price aren't what they used to be, but then last their resolution of the problems involving against the corp it is very likely that it would Wednesday's presidential election proved that neither are its fans. the corp's relation to the University. The be brought against the University as well. Perhaps it was a mistake to confuse the electorate by running philosophies behind the provision for corp Herein lies the double standard. On the candidates with the issue. By official tally Gerry Ventura and I drew only eighty-four votes as the Beer Party candidates, though by mid-day rent payments and the creation of an one hand, both parties stress that the corp is Sunday, over three hundred people told me they had voted for us. At university-oriented evaluating team appear entirely separate from the University and is a that rate, by this afternoon, we'l have won the election. to conflict. business entity in itself and should be I'm looking forward to winning. My Castro Convertible and a case of charged rent. On the other hand, the Chivas are on order, and I'm prepared to ml the Cabinet. Gen. Bozo The rent proposals are obviously directed Chess will seige the presidential offices this afternoon in an attempt to at the complaints of the area merchants that University is given a direct voice in the overall operation of the corp through an laugh the incumbent rascals out of office. Should the seige fail, all are the corp creates an "unfair competition" to invited (B.Y.O.B.) to his summary court martial and 'beheading. In the their business. evaluating committee that has the power to event of the untimely decease of Gen. Chess, I will establish a void the judgement of the corp's manage govemment-in-exile at the other end of Healy Basement. The recently In order to avoid any legal conflicts with ment. We feel that the creation of such a completed, richly appointed, and elegantly furnished twenty-six the merchants, the University and the corp committee has little or no justification. thousand dollar throne room (originally constructed for a recently deposed Western head-of-state) will occasionally be utilized for official have taken the position that the corp is a If the corp is viewed as an entirely separate legal entity in itself and that any functions. separate legal entity then the inclusion of The mere eighty-four votes the Beer Party purchased for two dollars business relationship between the two the University in any suits against the corp and forty-seven cents a vote and tallied for thirteen hundred glasses of should be treated in the same manner that would probably have little success of beer can only be explained by three possible phenomena: either our Georgetown treats any of its other business standing up in court. supporters passed out on their ways to the polls; or arriving, they forgot our names; or aiming at the ballots, they missed. Personally associates who use University property. The University is attempting to overex Therefore, it pays rent. disappointing for Gerry were the mere four votes from the Nursing tend its control over the corp. Dave Ralston School for his vice-presidential candidacy. Better luck next time, Ger. The philosophy behind the creation of an should reject this agreement and renegotiate Regarding the other candidates: Gregg Werner and Pete Slone, evaluating committee is based on the idea the terms so as to reestablish the corp's failing to promise to continue to provide ten thousand gallons of free booze even if they lost, irreparably damaged their image. Nor did that the corp is a risk to the University. authority. barren trees inspire confidence among the electorate; the association between the candidates and dead wood was too simple. The "Carpenter Kids", Kevin Clark and Lonny Heselov, didn't look as if they belonged in politics. The photograph of Kevin and Lonny looking wistfully off into the future together was more reminiscient of a diamond engagement ring ad than the political poster it was intended to be. Nice try, kids. Come 'round again when you can shave. The apparent lack of discontentment among the student body with Established January 14, 1920 Healy Basement politics effectively damped Manuel Iglesias' and Joe Campion's bid for the presidency. This was not to be the year for the TIlE BOARD OF EDITORS Spic and Span ticket for clean government. Aware they were the Anne Hupden, Editor-in-Otief underdogs in this campaign, Gerry and I refrained from stealing a gag Wayne Saitta, MlJnJlging Editor from Charlie Chaplin and mounting a special "Beero Fivo Centso Cathy Callahan, Business Manager Glasso" campaign on the East Campus. As for Mark Miner and Pete Jim Colapriro, News Editor Melaine Bieros, Features Editor Jack Shea, Sports Editor Tom Kluner Advertising Manager Hayes, and Ralph Miller and Victor Grossetti, theirs is the disappointing Ann LoLordo, Assistant News Editor Bill Mays, Arts Editor Marie Tuite, Office Manager realization that they had neigher enough friends nor dependents to Joe Lacerenza, Assistant News Editor Photography Editor Ken Glick, Circulation Manager elect them. Diane Burkin, Asst. Features Editor P. T. Lucchesi Rev. EcIwud Bodnu, SJ., Moderqtor And now for the winners, Dave Ralston and Dennis McCarthy, Unda GupueUo, Production ManJlger Greg Kitsoek, Copy Editor known in some circles as Mr. Chumley and Tennessee Tuxedo. (Why Andy Lang,Associate Editor wasn't it Tennessee Tuxedo and His Friend?) It is presumed they had Contributing Editors: someone in mind, but to date they have yet to name an Altobello. George Behan, Ann K. Ford, Steve Friedman, Ivan Katz, Likeliest candidate? Matt Paladino, their campaign manager. It is also Muv Laughlin, Oiane ROIOzinski, Sylvan Sobel, Bury Wiegand yet unknown whether or not Dave Ralston, chairman of the Committee The t-fOYA is publLsh~d ~ach week of the QCad~mic year (with the exception of holidays and examlTUltic:n periods). to Re-Elect the President at Georgetown in seventy-two, plans either to Sub8cription rate: $7•.50 per year. Addreu all correspondence to The HOYA GeoTK"town Untverstt», ,!tUhmKton, D.C. tape his presidential conversations or pardon the losing candidates. T"~phon~ Th~ 20001. (202) 62.5-4.578. HOYA II composed at Polygraphic Compcnition com., Wa.rJunKton, D.C., and It will be some time before this eandldate-eome-colummst will be Lsprintedat the North"," Virginia Sun, Arlington, Vlrgini4. able to forgive Dave and Dennis for running out of beer and booze The writing, articles; layout. pictures and format are the regponlibUlty of the BOGrd ofEditors and do not n~c~SlGrily shortly after their victory party had begun, or for ending it by two. For represent tne vl~WII Of tne AdmlnlltrlJtlon, Faculty and Stud~nt.r Of the University unl~u ",~ciflcally ItlIt~d. Sign~d the aesthetes in my audience, I might also note that I presented the columns r~pr~Nnt th~ opinions of the authors and do not nec~SlGrily nfl~ct the ~ditorial position of thLs ne_paper. winning candidates and their campaign managers a fifth of Cordon The University lUb8cribel to the princtpl~ of1"fIgpon.rlbie fn~dom ofexpnuionlor our ltud~nt ~dltors. Rouge ... and they chugged it. No matter what, Ralston, I've got you covered. Friday, February 28,1975 The HOYA Page 5 comment You Can't Fool Mother Nature!

female half of the partnership may faU cially with those other girls nearby. the more aesthetic, platonic aspects of live. Like some mythical Gargantua, the victim to a nocturnal omission. Then magically the group dissolved, and Who could ask for anything more? slumbering Georgetown campus has again The university administration, however, she remained alone. He calmly told himself been awakened, to dredge itself sluggishly is noticeably slow in taking the initiative in that it was all a matter of approach and out of the quagmire of its apathy. Surely it such matters. Typifying the clear-headed, that he should stick to basics. Then, is some incendiary issue or cataclysmic incisive thinking which runs the university, wishing he had the experience to turn catastrophe which has the power to stir the Fr. Henle commented on the topic, "I promises into results, he screwed up the beast. But no, it is not another Vietnam don't like sex. I don't dislike sex." courage to take the plunge. Carrying two war, Watergate, or irreconcileable differ- Abandoning the administration (as they full glasses and a pitcher, he found the ence whic~ often abandon us) perhaps we should turn journey difficult, but finally managed to From the has mobi- to the student government for more arrive in one piece without spilling the I ized the immediate action. Their best suggestion to beer. He immediately perceived a friction Belfry heretofore date is a two-part plan designed to unite between them, so, anxious to relieve the lob lates hibernatin.g the campus. First an anti-coagulant will be tension, he asked her to dance. Luckily, Hoyas. It IS placed in all drinks to dissolve small groups she accepted. the age-old battle of the social (but of unattended girls. Then, all males will Gratified, he escorted her onto the floor seldom) scene. The duelists are as always undergo mass-hypnosts convincing them and began to dance. A sudden pain stabbed Joe and Jane Hoya - their seconds: the that asking a girl to dance is not a firm his chest - an old injury, or gas maybe. He campus media - their weapons: stereotypes committment of marriage. ignored it and danced on. As the music at ten paces. - Let us now examine a pair of throbbed from the speakers he felt himself But all these master debaters have done bar-crossed lovers who received the treat nowing out to her and penetrating the till now is set broken images in type casts. ment outlined above. Sitting very erect at unknown depths of her soul. When the The perpetuation of these fables is about as the table, hard on the heels of another rhythmic pounding of the bass ceased, he useful as the study of the sex life of ~onks defeat was the shy, retiring third-string gasped in exhaustion, led the way back to (chipped, or otherwise). The real problem shortstop of the baseball team. Before the table, lit two cigarettes, and spent the lack of social contact between the sexes playing the game he had noticed this girl remainder of the evening staring dreamily remains. The obvious remedy is to establish watching him - and now he saw her again. into her eyes. co-ed rooms with an optional bi-weekly He had heard widespread rumors that she It is obvious that this new treatment is lottery. This ensures a variety of inter was a nice girl and thought he would like effective and will vastly improve campus sexual exposure while allowing the perma to get to know her. Pretty well hung-up on social life. It is doubly good in that, as nence necessitated by a lucky strike. The such matters, however, he knew it would shown above, it does not lead to heavy main drawback to the system is that the be difficult to broach the subject, espe- sexual involvement, but rather emphasizes

SIR. ... TO ME., YES ..••• You 5EEM TO BE HIE SO SCARED PICTURE OF CONF-IDENCE ANt) ACCOMPLISHMENT. l"HAT I NEVER wERE YOu AS SCARED LEFT AS I OF LEAVING- 1 HE SECURITy OF C.OLLEG-E WHEN YOU WERE MYACrE?,;;r;,'-V-!:.»<>«,' ) \ ....

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News ASSIstants to the Editor-Lou Ann Bulik, Rosemarie Loffredo Glenn Backus, Darien Basset, Karen Barsohn. Bob Daly. Jim Gentile, Mike Grosso, Mike Lindbere, Mary Beth Michael Statutes of Liberty Kathy Noonan, Tamara Penn, Rich Racine, Anne Slaupter, Lisa Smith, Mike Weiabereer by Ivan Katz the issue at hand. What is of life begins, however, is emma Feature Staff No one has yet stopped to consequence is the question of nently open to dispute. The Jay Rosenstein. Ted Sudol think that the current anti-abor whether any government has a Common Law was, and still Production tion campaign being waged coast right to intervene in this matter. remains clear. Jeanne Cunius to coast has neglected one funda It goes without saying. that the The position which stands mental American principle: Lib United States Constitution set up Photography most in accord with American James Nulman, James Torrenzano, Frank ChovUz erty. Sadly, we have yet to realize a limited government. It was political traditions is simply this: Barbara Barsa, Eric Small. Jean Siniea that there is a perfectly legitmate purposely done in this fashion to The State has no right, legal or way to call "HALT!" to all of the protect individual liberties, and Editorial Assistants assumed, to be in the business of abortion propaganda we have this is a very critical point. SCott Campbell, Michelle Dalmass, Allyn Fluke, determining when life begins. It is Sue Murphy. Diane Ninnie. Marie Tuite been hearing. That is to raise the Government plainly and simply not in the interests of the State to question ofliberty. has no business interfering in a do so. Copy I do not wish to touch upon matter such as abortion. Period. Gree Kitsock the merits of the Right to Life This is a job for the Churches. The Law If your church says "Have an Cartoonist movement. What I simply wish to Neal Seriptunas, Joe Wesner do is to point up their funda What the Pro-Life forces would abortion if you wish" and you do mental suppositions, which I be like to see is the recent judgement not like this canon, join another Business lieve to be unsupportable by the of the jury in the Edelin case church which forbids it. In a Ellen Blazewicz, Cathy Callahan evidence of history. made law in all fifty states. matter such as this it is not the First and foremost, what do It is an established Common job of the State to say that one Sports Church canon is wrong and Tom Bianco, Ken Blank. John Cranston, Lou DeMille, these people want in a legal sense? Law tradition that the State may Bill DiSesa. Bob Gaee, Jeanne Klem, Bob Labriola. They want the government to step step in to punish the murder of another is right. Sam Locatelli, Kathy Meenan, Michelle Murphv. Mark Quinn. in and intervene in the matter of one of its members. It is emphati If these Christian Pro-lifers Jay Rosenstein, Will Smith, Ted Sudol. Andrew Tarnell, Georee Tenet, Peter Yaffe abortion as it relates to every cally in the State's interest to want people to come over to their female who wishes one. In the determine when life ends, but it is way of thinking, they should set Columnists baldest terms, these people want just as emphatically NOT the about to strengthen Church canon Bob Bates, Steven Lauria. Jerry Mercuri the United States government to State's business to determine in and seek to get more people to Arts intervene in a highly personal, any sense when life begins. The join their church. They should not Joe Haertel. Ken Glick. Rich Jobn80n, Steve Krawezyk, individual matter. Whether it is Common Law tradition deals with be petitioning the Government to Rod Kuckro. Kriata Lane, Kevin Norton. The Powers. Jim Fam_y. Jimmy Woods right or wrong to have an abortion human beings as indisputably intercede in a matter which is is of no consequence uihateoer to living things. The matter of when none of its concern. Page 6 The HOYA Friday, February 28, 1975 Mask & Bauble Requests Exclusive Use of Theatre by Ann Lolordo under our control 95 per cent of gates. Annex II was used to house Mask and Bauble, in the search the time. In order to work a full Mask and Bauble's costumes. for a "new home", has presented season we need the flexibillty to These were transferred to rooms to University President Rev. R. J. schedule rehearsals when we want 62-63 in Poulton. It was then that Henle, SJ, a proposal concerning to. Trinity Theatre is an old we got the idea to transform Trinity Theatre in lieu of the theatre and it lacks sufficient wing classroom 57 into a stage," acquisition of Trinity High space. We would have to depend Westphal stated. School. According to a member of on the use of the cafeteria as a Room 57 is the largest class the troupe Dart Westphal green room and shop. The locker room in Poulton Hall. The conver (SFS'75) the proposal states "if room would have to be converted sion would entail a grid of pipes Trinity High School is leased, into dressing rooms, but"anything to string lights from and the bought or rented Mask and Bauble would be better than Stage I," construction of chairs and risers. requests nearly exclusive use of Westphal commented. The new Stage I would provide the Trinity Theatre and necessary "Right now the acquisition of Mask and Bauble with a larger support facilities:' Room 57 in Poulton seems the theatre, higher ceiling and more According to Westphal, the best alternative. At the present flexibility in terms of perfor move to Trinity Theatre would be time, we're hidden away in a little mance and staging. Photo y on er a step upward but it is still no hole next to the print shop. If we "There are no big classes which A crowd of about 40 Jewish students protested the dream. "Trinity Theatre would could just move upstairs, Mask utilize room 57. No one wants to work fine provided we have it and Bauble could at least receive spare the academic space for art speech of the Syrian ambassador Sabbah Kabbani last the exposure it deserves," West· space. We are the second oldest night. The Ambassador spoke to a large audience in the phal concluded. theatre group in the country. We Hall of Nations last night. Legal Status Ten years ago, Mask and have provided Georgetown with Bauble worked out of Gaston Hall excellent performances for the GEORGETOWN PRE·LAW Still Unclear and McDonough Gym. Dr. Donn last 123 years. There is no reason SOCIETY PLANS SYMPOStUM B. Murphy, director of the group, why we should have to work in Spring, and a lawyer from the The Georgetown pre-Law Society Justice Department. A questlon (Continued from page 1) discovered an old storeroom in such paltry facilities," Westphal will hold a Symposium on Law and-answer period will follow pre According to Adminstrative the basement of Poulton Hall and continued. Schools on Wednesday, March 5, sentatlons by the speakers, and from 1 pm to 4 pm in the Hall of refreshments will be served. All Affairs Vice President Daniel J. converted it into the present State An organization named Nations, Walsh Bldg. Speakers at Interested students are also wei· AJtobeUo, that as a result of the "Our search for a new home "Friends of Mask and Bauble" has the Symposium will Include. the come to attend the meetings of the DIrector of Admissions of the Georgetown Pre·Law Society every rent provision the University may began three years ago when the been organized under the direct Georgetown Law Center David other Wednesday night at 8 pm, in in fact be made more liable to pay University knocked down the ion of Dr. Gunther H. Ruff to Wilmot, admIssions councelors Walsh 295. Future activities plan· from GW Law School. Antioch Law ned include a pollce-car rlde-along, real estate taxes on the property Annex II which was situated in help the Georgetown players find School, a representatlvl! from the court tours in the D.C. area, and used by the corp. In the past, no the vacant lot outside the front a "new home." Para-Legal I nsutute of Sliver work for the Legal AId Society. real estate taxes have been paid on the property but University law yers had advised AJtobello last semester that Georgetown could DRIVING A HASSLE? be held liable to pay those taxes CIn due to the fact that the corp is RIDE not tax exempt. anBpriat

LOST; 21 year old pet in VIcinity of Arlington Towers. Answers to _ail Frank. If found return to 1909 37th Street. No Reward. .. . It's Easy. dmBrBDII? tn Italy, in the 1800's a poor priest met a boy of the streets. At that time there were Jewish Student Support thousands of such boys in Turin ... hungry, homeless and without hope. NEEDED. But what could one priel>t do? Without money. Without support. Without even a building to house them. Come DO Something But Father John Bosco did make a difference. He founded the first community that was dedicated primarily to youth. With a program of play, learn and pray he brought the boys from the About: streets back to God and gave them a means of earning their living. From such humble beginnings a movement began that now reaches around the world ... a movement that has touched • Hebrew language the lives of millions of youngsters - the children of • St. John Bosco. program_IDS Today over 22,000 Salesians carryon hrs work in 73 countries. A family of community-minded men who help to build a better world by preparing young boys to be good citizens for • Fun time Rabbi both God and country. Salesians serve as teachers, coaches, counselors, pariSh priests and missionaries. You see, one priest' • Hebraic Studies r------,can make a big difference. • Clarification of Arab For more information about SaleSian Priests and I Brothers, mail this coupon to: Institute I FetMr JOMOh ...... , '.D.II. Room C-158 ~~x ~9,JN~:~:C~~I~~ - I SlI_os N.Y. 10802 I MEET TO DISCUSS University I I am interested in the Priesthood 0 Brotherhood 0 I N. .... Age I Policies. I Itreet AcIcI,... _ What can we do? I C", ..... Zip I SUNDAY, MARCH 2nd - 8:00 PM I =Ion I I Your Current". HALL OF NATIONS '------..., Friday, Febru8ry 28,1976 The HOYA Page 7 ! AcupunctureClinicFightsAddiction ~ ""'j' Jay Rosenstein deaths in the operating room are from the major point of needle placement is the addicts who were given acupuncture The facts about physical addictions in complications with the anesthetic, not the ear. Actually, the ear is seen by the Chinese treatment at the Center were found, America arc actually quite sobering ... or surgery." as an inverted fetus, with the location of according to Dr. Wensel, to be addicted should be. Each year alcoholism is blamed As Dr. Wensel described it, acupuncture the earlobe comparable to that of a baby's "either because of their own attempts to for over SO,OOO deaths. Drug addiction was is not in the "cook-book style" of head in the fetal position, while the deal with pain ro due to doctors putting once described by former President Nixon medicine, where one must refer to a rounded, upper portion of the ear is them on drugs as medication. We get them as "public enemy number one," with lung manual and follow step-by-step. The analogous to the buttocks. Using this free from taking the drugs and ease the cancer and heart attacks probably not far Chinese do not see the practice as treating comparative diagram, the acupuncturist pain also." behind. a dise se, but as treating the individual will use one or two needles in what is Relief has been given to approximately Attempts to combat such addictions person. No two patients are dealt with in found to be the "lung point" of the ear. 30 patients of the Washington Acupunc- have run the full gamut-from hypnosis, to just the same way. The acupuncturist will actually insert ture Center who grappled with the half-way houses, to the use of additional The initial procedure is as follows: first between fifteen and twenty needles into seemingly unstoppable smoking urge. Many drugs and plain old biting the bullet. But there is a standard medical examination various parts of the body with each have been able to cut down after just a few one of the "newer" methods is actually given at the Center by an American doctor. treatment. These additional needles, not treatments, and a fortunate group stopped over r;,ooo years old. The treatment is Then the patient is diagnosed by a employed in the ear, are aimed at relieving smoking after the initial visit. acupuncture. well-trained acupuncturist

February 28-March 7

Friday, February 28 Sunday, March 2 -Great Hoya Gold Rush Raffle Claim Party. -Brunch in New South Faculty Lounge at Hall of Nations, 9pm to 2am. 50c admission. llam. Speech by David Edell. Sponsored by Drawing tickets are 50c and on sale in the the Jewish Students Association. Call for SEC office. Prizes: Spring break trip to additional information 625-3175. Jamaica, Week vacation in Montana, an ounce of gold. Tuesday, March 4 - -Seniors are needed to work on orqaruzmg Saturday, March 1 Senior Week. Meeting, Tuesday, at 8:00pm, -Home basketball game; GU vs. Fordham at in G-07, Conference Room of the University 8:00pm in McDonough Gym. Center. -Movie "Cast a Giant Shadow" in Reiss 112 -Clark/Leslie vs. Jones/Fogelson in the Gym at 8:00pm and at lO:3Opm: Donations at at Ipm. door. Proceeds go to Jewish Students Asso ciation. Saxa is a weekly publication of the Student S-unday, March 2 Activities Office.. Please submit all notices -Home basketball game. GU vs. Wheeling at for publication to the Student Activities McDonough Gym at 8:00pm. Office by Tuesday. p...- 8 The HOYA Friday. Februery 28. 1976 arts M..ic The Melodious Mozart

James DePriest, associate con plot defies straight.faced descrip helped by DOG's usual technical ductor of the National Symphony tion. This album represents expertise. This is the best Faust I has just cut a recording of probably the happiest two hours have yet heard. Mozart's symphonies 4, 5, and 29 you will ever spend in front of a Leonard Bematein, often more on the Delos Label (DEL-14401). stereo. As a bonus, DGG gives you like an animated dummy than an Maestro DePriest leads the Delos Moazrt's short comic opera The orchestra leader, has put out a Chamber Orchestra in renditions Impressa rio, as though any extra surprising rendition of Richard of these early Mozart symphonies incentive was required. Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier on which are nothing short of mar I desperately want to say good Columbia (M4X-30662). The set velous. His tempi are perfect. The things about RCA's recording of includes a most lavish book and sound he gets out of the orchestra Mozart's musical romp Cosi Fan libretto. The playing of the is really a tribute to his abilities. Tulle (on RCA LSC-6416), with Vienna Philharmonic is unrivaled, Get it; you won't be disappointed. Erich Leinsdorf conducting the as always, and the all-star cast of When one speaks of the violin, New Philharmonia Orchestra. I soloists is quite good as well. there is no bigger name than remember having heard this re Bernstein on occasion scraps the Oistrakh, and Angel records has cording years back and liking it, score (as he is often given to do), given us both father David and but a re-hearing sours this but he doesn't do it too frequent son Igor on a brilliant album of memory. The conducting style is ly here. Mozart's Sinionia Concertante in more suited to Wagner than If church music is your pas E Flat and the Violin Concerto Mozart. sion, get the new Vanguard release Number Two (Angel S-36892). Those not interested in Mozart, of Bach's Mass in B Minor (VSD Words have not yet been invented go out and get a copy of the new 71190/1/2 also available in Quad). to describe this performance; it is DGG version of Hector Berlioz's The music is lush, the soloists superlative in every respect ... opera The Damnation of Faust good, the chorus excellent, and including Angel's recording quali (DGG 2709-048). Seiji Ozawa the English Chamber Orchestra ty. leads the Boston Symphony performs up to its usual high Deutsche Grammophon has Orchestra, the Tanglewood standards. Conductor Johannes sent opera lovers into fits of joy Chorus and the Boston Boys' Sornary is workina with a piece of with their new release of Mozart's Choir in this superb recording. music he obviously understands, The A bduction From the Seraglio The orchestra, chorus, choir and and it shows on the album, which (DGG 2709 051). This opera is soloists are nothing short of is well worth it as an investment Mozart's most light-hearted; the perfect. The entire process is in saving your soul. -Ivan &tz Rocky Road to the Top

Film: Stardust Faith) takes the job and gets the where the mosic doesn't play an At the Cerebus Theatre group on the road to stardom. all-important part. For the "But what can a poor boy do, As the movie speeds through original score, a variety of com Except sing for a rock 'n'roll the sixties, Jim MacLaine and The posers did an admirable job in band?" Stray Cats make it in a big way, writing songs appropriate for the assumedly on a par with The diffferent rock phases in the ten If another film documenting Beatles and The Rolling Stones. years following 1963. Segments of the rise of a rock star had to be Porter Lee, the greedy genie actual pop songs from this time made, it would be more than played by Larry Hagman, makes are also heard, starting with Neil difficult to make it superior to all the wishes of the group come Sedaka's "Happy Birthday, Sweet Stardust. true, but then fosters Maclaine's Sixteen" and finishing with Eric Stardust, which has been a long break from the group to become a Clapton's "Layla." time getting here from England, is solo artist. If, after seeing this film, your the sequel to another English film Jim Maclaine succeeds on his attitude is that "it was all That 'II Be The Day. That'll Be own, and peaks when his opus predictable," you shouldn't have The Day, which featured David "Dea Sancta" is televised allover seen it in the first place. This Essex and Ringo Starr, took place the world. After that he moves movie is intended to give you the in the late fifties as rock and roll into a castle and seclusion, con feeling that you are the superstar. began to take its effect on British templating his comeback. What is it like waiting to go youth. The newspaper ad for Stardust onstage and hearing those thou David Essex (who last year had reads "This is not a movie sands of girls screaming even the hit "Rock On") is back again about ... " and then names eight before you've shown your face? as the action resumes in Stardust. rock stars. In this movie you11 see You'll know after you've waited The movie opens with the news of bits and pieces of all those named, backstage with The Stray Cats. President Kennedy's assassination, and it's also possible to spot If you're a real fan of rock at which time Jim Maclaine, allusions to the careers of Peter music, you'd be hard put not to played by Essex, is looking for a Townshend, Brian Wilson, Elvis enjoy Stardust, and very 'unwise manager for his group The Stray Presley and Allen Klein. to miss it. Cats. A friend named Mike (Adam This is one movie about rock Joe Haertel

Jivey Jamaican Jazzman Monty Alexander Appearing at Blues Alley this boogie-woogie or smooth ballad amazing how he can take songs formerly of the old Dave Brubeck sionist which is such an essential week is a delightful trio headed by without indicating the,slightest such as "You Are The Sunshine Quartet, and universally acclaimed ingredient in small jazz groups. one of the most versatile and uneasing of tempo or loss of Of My Life" or Roberta Flack's as one of the best in jazz. His Monty Alexander has made talented young pianists on the harmonic direction. "Feel Like Making Love" and place has been taken by Ben three recordings over the last few contemporary jazz scene. Monty A rll'm grounding in classical continuously add different dimen Nelson, who is quite adept at years, all on the MPS label, of Alexander has enthralled aud piano at an early age plus an sions and moods into the original "walking" the strings through a which two, "Here Comes the iences at this particular night inborn calypso rhythm that is the content of the piece without melodic solo. At age 21, Duffy Sun" and "Rass'" are to be highly spot, as well as many other clubs music of him home of Kingston, batting an eyelash. The same Jackson has to be one of the most recommended. At the age of 30, across the country, with his Jamaica form the core of the technique glides through "Satin gifted young drummers to be Monty Alexander is steadily ability to transform current and Alexander style. Then there is the Doll", "Call Me" and "Body and found anywhere. His aggressive reaching out for a higher plateau standard popular tunes into delicate, sensitive approach to jazz Soul" as it breathes new life into and meticulous rides on numbers with every performance he gives. magnificent melodic schemes, which had gracefully matured each succeeding chord change. such as the popular "Theme From It is reassuring to know that this spontaneously bursting forth with through bringing natural talent For many years the Monty Shaft" more than adequately gifted artist will be around for the grandeur of a powerful sonta and hard repetitive work over the Alexander Trio featured "Sena round out the need for an evenly quite a long time. ta, then residing into a hard years to ultimate fruition. It is tor" Eueene Wright at the bass. paced yp! imqinative percus- -Ken Glick Friday, February 28,1975 The HOYA Page 9

Dr. Keith Sehnert, director of the Center for Continuing Health Education, has initiated a Commuter Lottery new "Share-Care Course for nood Health" to be taught to slxth graders at Holy Trinity Machinery Set Up School. Dr. Sehnert is teaching the students how to recognize by Michael Grosso personal preferences on areas such danger signals, keep health re Since the announcement on as smoking and tidiness, which cords and generally become February 6 that 42 beds will be help in the "match-making" pro involved with their own care. granted to next year's freshman cess. The date of postmark is used "Our philosophy is that children commuters, the University has to make selection "first come-first should be taught that medical assembled the machinery for se serve." services and health care must be lecting commuters to get housing, By July 3, all the room shared with doctors and nurses," and for making room assignments assignments will be prepared. Sehnert said. to those selected. These will go to the computer. The sixth graders are being The selection process for com and time will then be needed to instructed to take temperatures, muters will begin with their correct any errors. "The target to take a pulse, and to exam the response to a question on an date for all students to know their ear for infection. The course admissions department question room assignments if' August 1," stresses that these techniques are naire asking: "If you had an Jones said. not diagnostic tools but methods opportunity to live on campus. "We can usually respond to to spot danger signals. would you?" The list of student.. just about what everybody wants. Also included in the course desiring housing is "entered into a One factor is that many students are sessions on nutrition, acci lottery similar to the one familiar never return their forms, so a dent and emergency care, and to upperclassman residents," dorm selection is made for them." dental care. The nutrition lesson Gregory Jones, assistant dean for "The whole idea of college is will provide information on the Residence Life, said. "Selections to get people from different areas four basic foods, and shopping are randomly made by computer; living together," Jones said. This for balanced meals. 42 people get beds and a waiting view is carried out already in list is set up for the rest." assigning freshman roommates Room assignments, according from diverse geographical loca to Jones, will be made at the same tions. The policy will be extended Is pregnancy your number 1 time as other resident freshmen to cover commuter freshmen, so MEDICAL SCHOOL ASPIRANTS problem? assignments. The housing bro that an incoming commuter will For free and confidential help chure, sent out in April, will be probably (unless he requests Over 40,000 men and women will apply to American medical Call BIRTHRIGHT returned by freshmen with their otherwise) find himself rooming schools this year, but onlyabout 14,000 will be accepted. 536-2020 first and second choice of dorms with a student from some other along with information relating to area of the country. Qualified candidates have a valid alternative: medical A special option for both education in Europe. For information and application forms resident freshmen and commuting (opportunities also available for veterinary and dentistry lottery wtnners is application for candidates), contact the information office: • residence at the International Student House (ISH). Foreign INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL students take much of the space here so acceptance is limited. MEDICAL EDUCATION HUGE FRAME SE1.ECTION Applicants must explain in writing ALL THE LATEST StyLES why they want to live at ISH and Provisionally chartered by the Regents of the University of the State must then be selected by a special of New York. • EYES EXAMINED committee. • CONTACT LENSES ..• $125 • PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED 40 E. 54 St., New York 10022, (212) 832-2089 • LENSES DUPLICATED • ONE HOUR SERVICE • SPECIAL STUDENT DISCOUNTS A7ZANTIC Attention Full-Time DPTICA6. Undergraduate 1747 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., NW (CONVENIENT TO GUt Men & Women! DAILY 9·6; SAt". 9- 3 466·2060

Male & Female On-Campus Spaces Available for Immediate Occupancy JOBS ARE HARD TO FIND Start your search NOW using a professionally prepared resume Contact: that commands attention and gets you interviews. RESUMES $25.00 OFFICE FOR This STUDENT SPECIAL· in cludes writing, styling and RESIDENCE LIFE producing 50 high quality copies. BEST RESUME SERVICE 101 Old North Suite 800 - 919 18th Street N.W.: (between Eye and K) - Call 625-4401 296-4840 for an appointment. 'full nme student with no substantial iob experience. Page 10 The HOVA Fridlly, Februery 28, 1976 Lawsuit Nearing Settlement $ r ie::=: After WeT-Leslie Meeting

by Jack Shea and Sylvan Sobel Directors of the Students of After the suit was filed last Georgetown. year, the students' sanction wae The suit, which was filed last reinstated, but proceedings con Students of Georgetown. Inc. January in US District Court, tinued to insure that the same is close to reaching an out-of alleged that the USLTA and problems would not occur in the court !lettleml'nt in its suit "ILTF's agreement to sanction future. against the WeT and USLTA, only WCT events held during an student body president Jack exclusive sixteen week period Settlement of the legal action, which precipitated a break be Leslie said last night. After a represented a conspiracy against meeting involving lawyers. the Georgetown organizing body. tween the WeT, headed by Lamar from both pa r t ies, Le s lie op Because the Lombardi Tourna Hunt, and the USLTA, should tim istically noted that "both ment was not conducted by the represent a significant milestone in relations between these groups. sides had made some new WCT, the latter group objected to (Photo by Jame. Torenzano) In the meantime, plans for this concessions," while another its sanctioning, which was ar Jimmy Connors and Bill Riordan at a recent press conference in Healy year's tournament, which will be source later stated that a ranged due to an agreement to basement to promote the upcoming tourney. held on April 2-6, are progressing "tentative agreement" had continue to sanction only tourna which may be alleviated at any tickets for the two Saturday actually been reached. subject smoothly. Headlined by Jimmy moment. Historically, the tourna ments established before the Connors, other performers who sessions and the final round on to apprc:-~al by the Board of above-mentioned compromise. _ ment has never been able to Sunday are $5 and $2 for have agreed to terms include last secure a sponsor until the final year's winner Vijay Amitraj, students. weeks before play began, so this Additionally, patron seats are Jurgen Fassbender, Karl Meiler, problem is by no means unusual. Billy Martin and Clark Graebner. being sold at $100, and 71 boxes, And, since this is the final USLTA at prices ranging from $200 to Certain aspects of the tourna indoor tournament of the season, $1000 are being sold for the ment have still to be resolved, the possibility remains that Rior tournament by the Washington however. Chief among these is the dan, who must secure sponsors for Tennis Service. lack of a sponsor, which, at this all USLTA tournaments, has not point, has Leslie "very con had the time to find a sponsor for cerned." Should the tournament the Georgetown tournament due Experienced Teacher Available fail to find a sponsor, it may be to prior committments. . to tutor from 2:30 on. necessary to dip into the proceeds On a more promising note, the Please Call: 363·0600 in order to pay the $25,000 Woodward and Lothrop Company or 965-1163 money, thereby reducing the has agreed to print 16,500 tickets amount which will eventually be and donate them for use of the donated to the Cancer Center. tournament. Tickets, which will However, since the responsibil go on sale beginning March 6, are QUNGHCIUi ity for finding a sponsor is that of priced as follows: A series good Coat Required For Gentlemen the USLTA indoor circuit General for the entire five-day event is Photo by Jerry Damaky Chairman Bill Riordan, and not $15, $6 for students; Single after 8:00 P.M. Mark McGetrick and Aline O'Connor, the two student coordinators for the responsibility of Students of session tickets are priced at $3 Wed. - Fri. - Sat. this year's Vince Lombardi Memorial Tennis Tournament. Georgetown, this concern is one and $1 for students; finally, Friday, February 28,1975 The HOYA Page 11 Winners CirclelAnne Ha~en A Famous Hall of Fame? It was not your typical testimonial shows that despite poor crowd attendance affair. Yes, all the right people were there. and criticism, Georgetown athletes are including Fr. Henle, Mr. Altobello, Mr. appreciated. Rienzo, Coaches Lang and Glacken, but the Yet what was interesting Friday night atmosphere was remarkably special. was not the award itself, but the quality of A week ago tonight, some 200 alumni, the person inducted. Each man (the ages relatives and well-wishers gathered to ranged from late 20's to late 50's) was confer the highest honor a Georgetown outstanding and not only because each was athlete can receive: induction into the Hall an accomplished athlete. The most striking of Fame. aspect of the ceremony was that each man For some, the award may not seem so displayed humility which today is con spectacular. But for the six men who were sidered a vestige of the past. As one of the (Photo by James Torrenzano) honored, it was one of the proudest yolfngest recipients put it: "I only hope Joseph Mellendick, former Hoya football great, is congratulated by moments in their lives. It meant that these that some day I can give back to Father Henle upon his i~uction into the Georg8town Athletic Hall of men who dedicated four years to athletics Georgetown everything that it gave to me Fame. at the Hilltop had finally received the while I was here." recognition which so often is forgotten. Joe Mellendick, a 58-year-old former One, of course, may say that a Hall of football great, even chartered a bus to have Rebuilding Ruggers Fame is meaningless; that "who cares"• about his whole family there. Seven brothers, a some old timer who just happened to be a host of neices and nephews, his wife and Open Spring Season good athlete during his day. Today this 81.year-old mother travelled from Balti type of attitude is prevalent and probably more for the event-it was not ordinary for by George Tenet who will soon advance to the A very few students even know that a Hall of them. Spring officially arrives tomor side. Fame exists. Since the athletic department So, despite the indifference and lack of row on the Hilltop as the On the whole, Georgetown keeps it tucked away in the A.D. office, it recognition that surrounds such institu Georgetown Rugby Club, under possesses excellent veteran talent. the direction of newly elected On the A side in the serum, Henry contributes to this attitude. Even the tions, a Hall of Fame should be appreciated president Junior Saitta, hooks up Proesel, Jeff Smith and Pete people who are paid to show interest and as a vital part of this University. Perhaps with Catholic University in a Stefanou will provide the muscle concern evince an attitude of indifference. the athletic department could take the first home match. while in the backfield, Jerry Although much criticism is directed step by moving the plaques and trophies According to several veteran Pallotta, Bob Toscano and Jeff toward Georgetown athletics today, twenty out into the gym foyer where everyone can members of the squad, this-spring McCormack should supply the season will be one of rebuilding. It agility and breakaway speed years ago, sports probably received just as see that Georgetown does appreciate its is hoped that promising young necessary for victory. much flack. Since Hilltop athletics, regard athletes. After all, when a fan returns talent will fill the void in the As . for the rookies, treasurer less of the particular sport, don't receive twenty years from now, it sure would be serum and backfield caused by the • Ken Cancilla cited Ed "trouble" much esteem, a Hall of Fame can be an nice to see that Merlin and Jon Smith and Cavanaugh, Ed Fisher, Mike Dolan tremendous turnover of players incentive for them. Membership in the Hall others were not forgotten. from last fall. Band C side and Greg Johnson as tremendous matches will be essential in prospects. providing the experience to tum Tomorrow's game is a tuneup rookies into seasoned players, for the club's Florida trip over , spring break. The ruggers will play Hoyette Gymnasts Drop Pair three matches and engage in a little merriment to set the tone Sports menu for the upcoming season. Despite Excellent Showings The B game kicks off tomor BASKETBALL: Saturday: row's action at 12:30, followed by Michele Murphy Competing in five events in 22 entrants, with Joan Miller Fordham, 8: 00 pm. by the A game at 2 pm and the C The Georgetown Gymnastics both the intermediate and begin capturing fourth in thE> same Tuesday: Wheeling, 8: 00 game at 3:30. Post game hysteria learn competed in its second ner levels. the Hoyas garnered event. On the bars. Joan :\Iiller pm. will take place at Winstons, and all meet of the season against Cath several victories. In the inter placed a strong second out of RUGBY: Saturday: Turkey players and fans are cordially olic. Gallaudet and GW last Sun mediate competition. Rosemarie twelve competitors. Freshman Thicket, 12:30 pm. summoned. day. Ferrigno. a freshman. placed first Jackie Randolph placed first in the in the bars and vaulting. second in vaultmg while Junior Thomasina floor exercise and beam. Her Morton came in fourth in floor overall excellent performance exercise and also captured third Five Teams in Contention earned her first place in the place In beginner's all-around. GC overall scoring. Amber St. Clair, a also was victorious in the trampo junior who captains the team, line with Bonnie Reilley capturing placed first in the beam. second in first place. Alice Cassidv, Lisa For DC Extramural Tourney vaulting (in a tie with GU Wolf£' and Lisa Everhart also con freshman Joan Miller) and third in tnbuted strong performances at bars and floor exercise. Amber this level. by Sylvan Sobel Division B encounter. As a result. resolved, it can only be hope a placed second in the all-around Coach Madeline Disario is quite As intramural basketball play the Dudes now must face On that the team representing the ratings. pleased with the team's perform offs approach their quarterfinal Demand in order to detennine the school in the face of area-wide The beginning level had more ance and expects to do even bet stages, five teams remain in con overall B champion, and to decide competition will indeed be the competitors. especially in the ter in their next meet on March tention for the chance to rep who will face Dorm champion team best able to defend the balance beam event. Sophomore 22 and the Area Championships resent the Hilltop in the DC Ex First New North, recent victors Hoyas' honor. Renee Phlum placed third out of on April 5th at Gallaudet College. tramural Championships. This an over Second Harbin, in the semi nual tournament will be held final round of playoffs. April 6·7 at Cole Field House on the University of Maryland cam Women vs. Rascals pus. By this time next week, however, all but one of these Meanwhile, the Rascals, after teams will have hung up their last Thursday's 25-24 win over sneakers and called it quits on yet Macaroni and Cheese for the Divi another thrilling season. sion A championship, have been Last Monday night, the defend forced to sit patiently and await ing Independent B champion Pan the outcome of the Gungas-6th thers went down to defeat at the Darnall clash for the Woman's hands of On Demand, 27-11. crown before they can participate Leading the way for On Demand in their seml-Iinal game. The win .were Jim Cox and Paul Forzley, ner of this battle of the sexes will whose combined play resulted in then advance to the finals and what can only be tenned a sur face the winner of the Men's prisingly easy victory. Donn-Independent B contest for I .. Following this garne, the the post-season laurels. • Dudes, paced by Jim Martin, de When all is said and done, and Several fine and promising performances w..given by the memben of the Georgetown gymnllstic team feated the Krumps in another the long playoff process is finally in last Sunday's quadrangular competition. ~«: 1l~ '~ :: -'". ~,.. ..: sports • Page 12 GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C: Friday, February 28, 1975 Second Half GW Surge Ends GU Streak at Seven by Steve Friedman The George Washington Colonials defeated the Georgetown Hoyas 82-78 last Wednesday night before 2400 exuberant fans at Ft. Myer Gym, snapping the Hoyas' seven game winning streak. Both squads came out tight. came out running and led 43-38 native Kentuckian was held to his the Hoyas in their zone press and off a Wilson rebound and jumper. lowest point total in over a the Colonials in a two-three From there the Colonials received month. formation. Nerves and the respec indirect aid from the officials in For the Hoyas, Larry Long and tive defenses were the cause for a the way of five fouls in only two Bill Thomas shared scoring honors 1: 20 drought to open the contest minutes, completely stifling the with fifteen points apiece. and 25 turnovers, distributed Hoya offense. Meanwhile GW A sidelight to the game was the equally between the cross-town went on an 18·6 point tear, taking turnout of Hoya rooters. The rivals. a 5649 lead with 12 minutes left Hilltoppers were solidly out Georgetown led at the half by in the battle. numbered and stategically scat a single tally, 35-34. The play of The Colonial defense was so tered, yet made themselves heard. Bill Thomas. Mike Riley, and effective at this point that George It is interesting to consider that Merlin Wilson was instrumental in town penetration was almost the GW Athletic Department had the establishment of a 6 point completely stopped, while the the game sold out, yet there were Hoya Bulge, 18·12, at eleven home side shot a torrid 82.6 per in excess of 100 seats vacant. It's minutes into the game. The last cent from the floor in the half. doubtful that they were all nine minutes before intermission A Hoya rally cut the gap to no-shows, but rather a Colonial saw a seesaw scoring battle end five on a Larry Long layup after a attempt to insure a home team Larry Long's 17 points were not enough in Wednesday's 82-78 with a Craig Esherick 25-foot quick steal, but a Pat Tallent tap environment. loss to George Washington. jumper following a Mike McOer created an 81·72 edge for Gerry mott steal and layup. Ford's neighbors and the best the The key to the Hilltop's cagers could do was to come precarious lead was the play of within three. Cagers Host Fordham Rams 6-9 center Merlin Wilson. The Leading the Colonial comeback junior defensive ace drew Colonial were Burwell and Tallent, whose flagpole Clyde Burwell and did an brother Bob is the head coach. In Key Contest Tomorrow outstanding job, holding the big With Wil limping or on the bench center to 6 points and only 3 hurting, the GW pivotman scored by Bob Labriola Hoyas. to their host, Kansas, before de rebounds in the half, while play 15 big second half points on taps Fordham Coach Hal Wissel can For the uninitiated, let it be feating Temple in the consolation ing with a sprained ankle sus and short jumpers. Tallent, a 6-4 expect a rude awakening if he remembered that Georgetown had game. tained eight minutes into the junior guard, banged home 11 late intends to rely on the same sort of the Rose Hill debacle in the ice When one attempts a pre conflict. points with the Hilltop guards in chicanery which prevailed in last box, only to have it comandeered diction of the Rams' performance, In the second half the Hoyas foul trouble. Nonetheless, the year's Ram victory over the by two dubious offensive fouls DaI'y1 Brown's health must be and some adroit manipulation of given top priority. Many of their the game clock, eventually losing current difficulties are attributed by a single tally. to his recent injuries, and this ECAC Will Hold Vote Sunday; Fordham brings a 12·10 record viewpoint is easily defended. At into McDonough tomorrow, but this time, Brown is averaging they are currently mired in the better than 21 points a game Dukes, Panthers or Hoyas? midst of a six game losing streak. which when added to his 13 The Rams performed brilliantly in rebounds per game (Which places by Tom Bianco Hoyas, must be considered almost final analysis it is the team which the first half of the season, captur him in the nation's top ten) comes Although the Georgetown a shoe-in. Duquesne should add to will convince the committee of ing the Holiday Festival, in which out All-American. Brown plays Hoyas game winning streak was _the confusion, since it plays a their validity." they defeated Manhattan, St. well against tough competition as ended at Ft. Meyer, their chances tough Cincinnatti squad on the Another post-season possibility Joseph's and USC. is evidenced by the fact that he for an ECAC Southern Division road next week. is the National Invitational Tourn Other highlights in a deterior scored 33 points in their key win berth remain, depending on to As to Georgetown's chances, ament. NIT bids aren't to be ating campaign include victories over Lafayette. morrow night's outcome with Athletic Director Frank Rienzo announced until after the ECAC over Seton Hall, 64·62, Lafayette Among Daryl Brown's cohorts Fordham. On Sunday a com has done some politicking behind Preliminaries, which means that if (17·4), which has NIT aspirations, are the guards, Stan Frankowski mittee of Athletic Directors from the scenses to inform committee the Hoyas are indeed invited to and a third place finish in the and Kevin Brown, and the Rams' Holy Cross, St. Bonaventure, members of the Hoyas' status. He West Virginia and lose, they are Jayhawk Classic. In that two forwards Jack Troha and Iona, Albright, and West Virginia concluded however, that in the still eligible for an NIT invitation. tournament, Fordham succumbed Kevin Fallon. will select the four teams to ;)~ Fallon has been the surprise of playoff next weekend in Morgan the season, thus far, contributing town, West Virginia for an NCAA strong defensive efforts against Tournament berth. Phil Sellers and Gus Williams Although the major considera while holding his own offensively. tions of the committee is making Fordham likes to open in a their selections is record and man-to-man defense, but will strength of schedule, the politics probably end up in a zone to involved can not be overlooked. compensate for their overall lack The purpose of the playoff is to of size, as Daryl Brown, 6-7, is make money for the ECAC, and it their tallest starter. seems the only way to insure Georgetown will most likely filling the 12,000 seat West combat this ploy in their usual Virginia Coliseum is to include the manner: working the ball for early host team (currently 12-10) in the inside baskets and nailing the cof playoff. fin with outside shooting from the As to other possible invitees, guards. Pitt seems to have the best Risking redundancy, the Hoyas chance. The Panthers registered will establish themselves even victories over Notre Dame and more in the minds of the NIT Marquette, both nationally selection committee with another ranked, but a big loss to Kent win over a Metropolitan team. State keeps them a question mark. (Photo by Jemea one_o.) However, the prime objective is George Washington, with Ii log of Hurt by early foul trouble against the Colonials on Wednelday night, Ed Hopkins will h- counted on heavily still next weekend's ECAC play 16-8 and a big win over the rival when the Hoyas face Fordham this weekend. offs. Students and

, Friday, Foreign Affairs February 28, 1975 Trade accord collapses

Research Service. who asked that his By Jason Cooke name not be used, laid at least some of the blame on the amendment. During the historic Moscow summit of U.S.-Soviet failure Acceding to the free emigration 1972, President Richard Nixon and demands "could have been politically Communist Party Chief Leonid Brezhnev ernbarassing, arming the Senator (Jack signed an agreement pledging the two son) going into the election," he said. countries to an expansion of trade. to reach trade agreement However, the specialist emphasized that The President's efforts to promote a the Soviet Union "didn't have much to thaw in the Cold War were generally gain in terms of MFN. They would get it well-received at home. But nearly five for 18 months and then what'? Jackson months after his return, more than 70 not decisive members of the US Senate introduced would claim that the Soviets hadn't lived restrictive legislation in response to up to their part of the agreement," imposition of a prohibitive emigration tax meaning that Congress would withdraw by the Kremlin. The Senate resolution for detente's future MFN after the initial 18-month period limited extension of most-favored-nation permitted by the Trade Act. He also cited the time needed to build tariff status (MFN) and credits for approved the amendment by an over amendment sponsored by Sen. Adlai up export arrangements as further non-market countries to those permitting whelming vote in December. Stevenson III, placing a $300 million diminishing benefits the Soviets might free emigration. Negotiations between congressional ceiling on credits to be extended to the have reaped from the agreement. Later that month the two powers sponsors and the Administration began Soviet Union. Under the amendment, any The specialist suggested that failure of signed an agreement extending MFN and the following month. A compromise was credits exceeding the limit would require the trade agreement may have a beneficial credits to the Soviet Union pending reached on Oct. 18, in an exchange of congressional approval. effect on the American foreign policy implementary legislation. letters between Secretary of State Henry Differences between the executive and decision-making process. While the divi Emigration figures for 1972 indicated Kissinger and Sen. Henry Jackson. Kis legislative branches appeared to have been sion of powers in the US govpmment that about 32,000 persons left the Soviet singer reported a Soviet promise that reconciled when President Ford signed requires that any understanding of this Union that year. Most of those emigrating harrassment would cease and the number the trade bill on January 3,1975. type be the result of a joint legislative were from rural areas. Reports of arrests, of visas would "rise to correspond to the Eleven days later the balloon burst. executive effort, the 1972 agreement was trials, imprisonment and dismissal from number of applicants." In return, Con Secretary Kissinger announced that the entered into unilaterally by the executive employment were commonplace. gress agreed to amend Jackson-Vanik, Soviet government "does not intend to branch. Then, in the spring of 1973, majorities giving the President power to waive accept a trade status that is discrimina The expert said that "the weakness of in both houses of Congress went on conditionally the restrictions on MFN tory and subject to political conditions." the Nixon-Ford-Kissinger approach to record as co-sponsors of the Jackson and credits. East-West relations is its imperceptive Yanik amendment linking emigration to Secretary Kissinger assured the Senate Blames the amendment ness, unwillingness and lack of success in trade. President Nixon responded by Finance Committee in early December Although the key sponsors of the achieving a common position." If Con relaying Soviet assurances that the educa that Moscow had reaffirmed the under Jackson-Vanik amendment have claimed gress and the government had agreed to tion tax had been suspended and standing during November's Vladivostok ignorance of Moscow's reasons for scut offer the Soviets MFN in exchange for emigration would proceed at an annual summit. tling the agreement, one senior specialist in level of 35,000. Nevertheless, the House Later that month, the Senate voted an Soviet economics for the Congressional continued on page 6

\ '. CCCP . \ .\

States believes nuclear submarines By John Riccio and modem surface-to-surface mis In the Middle East, a hotbed of sile ships are essential to balance the Soviet presence. international tension, the necessity to maintain military equilibrium Bases, airports, fueling stations, grows daily. The reaction of repair shops and radio stations are Moscow and Washington to this scattered throughout the islands of pressing concern has been a rapid the Indian Ocean and on the build-up of various defense mainland. The USSR has a port in mechanisms. Although other coun North Yemen which has been tries, such as China, also haw instrumental in the internal politics interests in the Middle Ea.st, the of a few Middle East countries, Drawmg by AI Altrrn orrt Most modern navy growth of Soviet naval activity and particularly Egypt. They also main force reached a peak of five American deployment of nuclear tain collective security arrange The Soviets have the world's cruisers, 14 frigates and destroyers, missile submarines dominate naval ments with nearby India. Moscow largest and most modem surface six escort ships, two Nanuchka-class strategy in the region. supplies arms to Syria, Iraq, Paki force, ocean research and fishing missile ships, 25 submarines (some Soviet naval expansion charac stan and India. fleets and merchant fleets, along of which were nuclear powered), 36 teristically follows a regular pattern The difficulty in distinguishing with a potent naval air arm and one intelligence and support ships and of short-term feasibility trials with Indian submarines from Soviet of the most advanced ship-building eight amphibious ships. These 96 naval vessels, followed by a per warships illustrates the exchange of industries. A total of 460,000 vessels confronted a US Sixth manent squadron and shore facili equipment which takes place. With officers and enlisted men are Fleet of 60 vessels. The crisis ties for their support. Soviet pre out question, the Soviet fleet is engaged in the Soviet Navy. marked the first time the Soviet sence in the Indian Ocean has Moscow's predominant instrument During the Yom Kippur War in naval force in the region was larger reached this last stage. The United of force. 1973, the Soviet Mediterranean continued on page 6 Page 2 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Fridey, Februery 28, 1975 Chinese People's Congress by internal dissension and Red Guard assaults. The Ninth Party Congress in Alumni 1969 confirmed the army's authority, and sufficient stability had apparently returned by 1970 to permit Chou En-lai Consensus emerges to suggest that a new people's congress insight was imminent. The sudden demise of Lin Piao in 1971 shattered these illusions of Editor's note: Thomas J. Wis leadership consensus, and it was not until niewski, a former SAFA staff to pull countrytogether August, 1973 that the political situation permitted the convocation of the Tenth member, is a second-year graduate Party Congress, which was marked by the student at the Johns Hopkins old constitution were no longer suitable continuing the struggles of the proletarian reduced participation of PLA representa School For Advanced International despite the applicability of its basic revolution, Chou's main theme is unity: tives and the resuscitated influence of Studies in Washington. Alumni principles. The new version eliminates a "unity in thinking, policy, plan, com party and government bureaucrats. This insight is a regular feature ofSAFA considerable amount of "unsuitable" mand and action." His report also was quickly followed by a major and material by reducing the number of confirms the dominant position of the unprecedented reshuffling of the com designed to provide informative articles from 106 to 30. The constitution party and its centralized leadership in all manders of the military regions in articles by Georgetown alumni of 1975 contains an entirely re-worked sectors, including the government and December, 1973. In February, 1974, the currently studying or working in preamble and sections expounding the army. still confusing and ambiguous "anti-Lin some aspect of international rela "General Principles" of the PRC, describ Chou examines the development of anti-Confucius" campaign went into full tions. ing the formal structure of the state at the Chinese economy at some length, gear, and throughout 1974 there had both the national and local level, and although he only provides indicators of been reports of new waves of criticism enumerating the rights and duties of the percentage increase in key sectors of the and unrest reminiscent of the Cultural By Tom Wisniewski Chinese citizen. economy based on unspecified 1964 Revolution. Yet, at the same time, old levels of production. He predicts that the cadres, including government, party and The recent convocation of the Fourth 'Radical' Shanghai leader current fourth five-year plan, will be army representatives disgraced during the National People's Congress has generated In his commentary, Chang, who had fulfilled or overfulfilled during 1975. Cultural Revolution, haw been rehab considerable speculation about the been head of the "radical" Shanghai According to Chairman Mao's instruc ilitated. prospects for political stability in the Revolutionary Committee during the tions for the two-stage development of People's Republic of China. The notable Cultural Revolution and who has been the Chinese economy, the next ten years Teng's reappearance absence of Mao Tse-tung and the low rumored to have taken over the functions should result in the building of an The most remarkable reappearance has profile of "leftist" elements have en of Secretary-General of the Party, ob independent and relatively comprehensive been that of Teng Hsiao-p'ing. Teng had couraged Western journalists to stress the viously is stressing those aspects of the industrial and economic system. The been party secretary but was driven into consolidation of political power by the constitutional revision which the leader·' second stage should place China in the obscurity during the Red Guard attacks "moderates" led by Premier Chou En-lai, ship feels merit special emphasis or front ranks of the world by the end of and the apparent retirement, voluntary or further explanation. After a preliminary this century. Chou concludes his com forced, of Chairman Mao. nod to the importance of Chairman Mao's ments on the economy by reaffirming the Congress Although these two propositions basic line,and a lengthy quote from Mao priorities of national economic plan in seem reasonable, they should be accepted on the nature of class contradictions, this order: agriculture, light industry and restores cautiously, since the last 25 years of class struggle and the constant vigilance heavy industry. Chinese politics have demonstrated clear required to prevent the restoration of Turning to the global state of affairs, ly that the actual political environment is capitalism, Chang launches into an Chou believes there is a "great disorder old cadres far more complex than the fragmentary analysis of five key elements in the new under heaven, a disorder which is growing reports available to the outside world constitution: the strengthening of the greater and greater." He argues that the ousted in 1967 would initially suggest. Party's centralized leadership over the possibility of war between the super on Liu Shao-ch'i and other prominent On Jan. 18, the New China News structure of the state, the proclamation powers increases daily, but the situation government and party leaders during the Agency (Hsinhua) broadcast the an of the PRC as a "socialist state of the remains favorable to the revolutionary Cultural Revolution. Teng was un nouncement that the first session of the dictatorship of the proletariat" (replacing aspirations of the people and the future expectedly rehabilitated and appointed to Fourth National People's Congress (NPC) the previous formulation of the PRC as a of the world. He favors continued the Politburo of the Tenth Party Congress "people's democratic state"), the support of Chairman Mao's revolutionary in January, 1974. During the summer of importance of democratic centralism, the line in foreign affairs: unity with the 1974 he travelled to New York as the 'China will completion of the socialist transforma countries and peoples of the Third World chief Chinese delegate to the United tion of the economy, and the declaration in their struggle against colonialism, Nations General Assembly session on that "China will never be a superpower" imperialism and hegemony. With regard natural resources. Now, in the aftermath never be a in accordance with Chairman Mao's to Sino-American relations, Chou of the Fourth NPC, there have been teaching to "dig tunnels deep, store grain notes that fundamental differences still reports that in addition to the post of superpower' everywhere and never seek hegemony." exist, but the prospect for continuing fll'St vice-premier after Chou En-lai, Teng Important changes mentioned in improvement are good so long as the also has acquired the position of PLA of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Chang's report are the provision that the principles of the Shanghai communique chief of staff. Chang Ch'un-eh'iao has was formally held in Peking from Jan. 13 chairman of the party's Central Com- are carried out in earnest. In his allegedly been named chief political to 17. The congress was preceded by a mittel' "commands the country's armed examination of the PRC's estranged commissar of the army, and it is now plenary session of the 10th Central forces" and the abolition of the position relationship with the Soviet Union, the being suggested that the new govern Committee of the Chinese Communist of chairman of the state, a post which has premier insists that the lack of progress in ment-party team is being led by an Party which approved the documents been vacant since the disappearance of Sino-Soviet negotiations is due primarily alliance of Teng and Chang. presented to the 2,864 deputies for their Liu Shao-chi during the Cultural Revolu- to Soviet leaders who refuse to negotiate It is impossible to state with any consideration. Unlike the Third NPC held tion. During his discussion of democratic honestly. He reiterates the Chinese degree of certainty what has actually in late 1964, both these meetings were centralism, Chang notes that the freedom position that the Sino-Soviet debate on occurred in the PRC. Certain trends stand not announced publicly until their to strike was included in the revised the interpretation of the principles of out, however. A strong consensus has conclusion. During the four day session, constitution at Mao's behest. Chang's Marxism·Leninism should not obstruct emerged among the leadership to pull the the deputies unanimously adopted a most vigorous comments are reserved for the maintenance of normal state rela country together and concentrate on revised national constitution and ''The his analysis of the socialist ownership of tions. The report concludes with re pushing forward China's economic devel Report on the Revision of the Constitu- the means of production. Despite this ferences to the strengthening of China's opment. This will require a high degree of tion" by Chang Ch'un-eh 'iao. The great victory of the Chinese people, military forces and unslacking determina centralization to manage effectively the deputies also approved ''The Report on contradictions still remain. With reprd to tion to liberate Taiwan. PRC's relatively small industrial base. It the Work of the Government" written the state sector of the economy, Chang Having summarized the major do should not be forgotten that the Chinese by Premier Chou En-lai on behalf wants that, although some enterprises cuments approved at the Fourth NPC, leadership cannot ignore the narrow of the State Council. Before adjourning, have the form of socialist ownership, in whatconcfusioDs can -be drawn about the margin of. surplus resources it has the congress elected the members reality their leadership is not in the hands political orientations of the current available for industrial development after of the Standing Committee, which of Marxists and the masses of the leadership? Before attempting to sugest supplying the subsistence needs of the is the permanent organ of the NPC, workers. Chang advises that the some alternatl.ve responses to that ques people. Chou's comments on the and appointed the premier, vice-premiers proletariat must pay attention to grasping tion, a quick overview of recent Chinese economy indicate this. and ministers heading the commissions of socialist revol~~on and exereising aU- politicel history may be beneficial. The major difficulty with journalistic the State Council. During this period, rounctdietatorship over the bourgeoisie in Although an examination of Chinese assessments of Mao's political health is Chairman Mao was at an unknown ~r to prevent the restoration of their politics could easily lead back to 1949 that they include debatable assumptions loca~on_ so!JM.!wh~~ . ill. central Ch!!Ja,/ - control. and beyond in a search for explanatory about the nature of the Chinese political where he was entertaining the West In his report on the work of the factors, it can be assumed that much of system. For Instance, I am skepticel of German opposition leader, Josef Strauss. government, Premier Chou En-lsi what occurs in the PRC today still any analysis which insists on seriously Prior to the adoption of the revised emphasizes the country's performance involves the restructuring of the party, maintaining the labels assigned to indiYi constitution, the legal basis for the PRC and prospects in the areas of economic government and People's Liberation duals during the course of the Cultural had been the constitution of 1964. Chang growth and internatioDal relations. How- Army (PLA) in the aftermath of the Revolution. There is simply insufficient Ch'un-cb'iao points out that because of ever, Chou also is concerned with Cultural Revolution. It was during this evidence that Chang Ch'un-ch'iao is stut a tremendous changes in China's politics, identifying the key principles JCJVerning period that Lin Piao's PLA became a Shanghai ''radical'' or that Teng Hsiao economy and culture, and in interna- the operation of party and government. dominant foree while the party and p'ing may be an unreconstructed bureau tional relations, certain provisions of the Although he notes the crucial role of government bureaucracies were crippled cnt. FrideY, February 28, 1976 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Page 3 Oman fights Dhofar rebels

Sultan hopes to win soon ·f~ 1 and begin domestic refonn

only with his old friends, the By Matt Curran British and the Americans. Opposed A rebellion against Oman's sul to the use of his country's oil tan, Sa'id ibn Taimur, broke out in revenues for the benefit of his 1965 • in the country's Dhofar subjects, he ruled quietly with province. Today, the leftist guer British support always in reserve. rillas still are fighting government The Dhofar rebellion erupted with forces, now under the new sultan, Yemeni and Red Chinese support, Qabus ibn Sa'id. The leftists have and in 1966 an attempt was made vowed to overthrow the sultan and on the sultan's life. The war raged spread Marxism throughout the in the south, but the sultan believed shiekhdoms of the Persian Gulf. he could contain it with his Facing forces of Baluchi tribesmen, British-commanded forces. His Jordanian engineers, Iranian para reign continued until 1970 and he '., troopers, British officers and Paki showed himself unwilling to stani advisors, the rebels slowly are change. losing the fight and have retreated In July, 1970, Qabus ibn Sa'id, to caves and mountain hideouts. the sultan's son, took power with However, they continue fighting British help in a palace coup at and still pose some threat to Salala, Salala, the country's summer Dhofar's capital. capital. The old sultan was exiled to In February, 1974, when Iran Britain, where he died in October, sent about 1,500 US-equipped 1972. elite troops to Oman at the sultan's Qabus pledged a "modem and to win the war as soon as possible several colleges, including $100,000 request, with helicopter troop car forceful government" to bring and then concentrate on domestic to Georgetown), our government riers and gun ships, Sen. James Oman up from its medieval back progress and the exploitation of his asked him for permission to land Abourezk (D-S.D.) warned of the wardness. With great popular sup oil reserves, some of which are aircraft "occasionally" at the dangers of American involvement. port, he removed his father's bans located in Dhofar. British base on Masira, a large island Last month, the US sent a on smoking, singing, Western dress, However, with Yemeni backing off the east coast of Oman. shipment of American anti-tank music and movies, and allowed and increasing aid from the Soviet Discussions on this request are still missiles to Oman with two military foreign journalists to enter the Union, the rebels grew stronger. In being conducted with the British advisors. Our involvement does not country. He asked his uncle, Tariq May, 1972, the Yemenis shelled an and Omanis, and permission for stop there. ibn Taimur, to form a new Omani border fort. In retaliation, landing rights is expected. The United States has had government, and he released more the Omani air force attacked The State Department says the diplomatic relations with Oman for than 100 prisoners. Yemeni gun sites across the border. United States does not intend to more than a century. A treaty of New offensives eventually were establish a base of its own in Oman. friendship was signed in 1833, In 1971, Oman joined the Arab needed to contain the guerillas, and Yet American objectives must be replaced in 1958 by a pact of League and a week later was in 1972 half of the country's $125 broader than the right to land amity, economic relations and con admitted to the United Nations, million in oil revenues went to planes "occasionally" in this sular rights. Until recently, how only Yemen voting against ad wards this goal. strategic region. The United States ever, Oman was inside a British mission. The rebellion slackened for The British, scheduled to pull apparently wants to curb growing sphere of influence. As part of the a while and many rebels declared out completely in 1971, had begun Soviet influence in the area. A strategic Arabian peninsula coast support for the new sultan. It to remove their officers. Qabus leftist secession from Oman would line, the country was under British seemed that Qabus might create a needed new support. He found it in give the Soviet Union greater access protection to safeguard the ap more advanced, richer and happier Iran and the United States. In what to the Indian Ocean. The nuclear proaches to the Suez Canal. In Oman with the country's oil reve the sultan hoped would be the last powered carrier Enterprise and her 1967, Britain decided to withdraw nues. By the middle of 1971,7,000 act of the war, the 1,500 Iranian enormous escort armada recen tly its troops and turn the region over students were enrolled in 15 soldiers were landed. Today, the visited the area, and the American to self-government. The western schools, and hospitals were being 500 remaining rebels have been naval base at Diego Garcia, at the half of the coast became the built. confined to about one-eighth of the approaches to the Persian Gulf, has Peoples Democratic Republic of However, Prime Minister Tariq province. been built up. Yemen (Yemen Aden) and the resigned in January, 1972 while The sultan would not have been If the United States is in fact eastern half became the sultanate of abroad, citing poor health. His able to quash the rebellion without seeking a new base, however, time Oman. Yemen fell under Chinese functions were taken over by foreign aid, which has included the is running short. The Arab League, Communist influence. Later, the Qabus. Qabus then "renewed the purchase of 2,000 American Clay especially the Saudi Arabians, are Soviet Union moved in and today despotic control of his father," says more anti-personnel mines and a disturbed at the powerful Iranian Yemen's army is Soviet-trained and Abourezk, who also has belittled recent shipment of TOW anti-tank presence in the peninsula: Because equipped. The country's police is the school and hospital programs as missiles, described as defensive Oman's borders with Saudi Arabia trained and partly commanded by "feeble reform." weapons, to help Oman deter any are undefined, the Saudis could try East Germans. The United States Yet Qabus does not seem to possible Yemeni aggression. As a to acquire as much territory as has no diplomatic relations with have been driven only by a despotic result, Yemen's Russian T-34 tanks possible when the time comes to Yemen. impulse. His oil revenues were being probably will never be deployed. determine the frontiers. The Oman continued under the rule depleted by military expenditures The two American advisors current Iranians need to be watched. lest of Sa'id ibn Taimur, an arch-con needed to defeat the rebellion and ly in Oman are expected to return they strike out for control of the servative. Sa'id did not believe in unite his country. He was at soon and reportedly are staying in access to the Persian Gulf. public education and there were tempting a program that would win the north, far from the fighting. The best chance for stability III only three schools with a total over as many rebels as possible by But the United States does have the area appears to be the early enrollment of 900 boys in his domestic reforms and would use an interest in Oman, which neces defeat of the Dhofar rebels, which nation of 750,000 people. He was a military force to defeat the rest. sitates the speedy stabilization of would free Qabus from dependence strict Moslem, and kept his nation The army grew to a force of 10,000 the situation there. While Qabus upon the Iranians and the remain insulated from Western influence. and the British officer contingent recently was visiting the US (and ing British, and allow him to He maintained diplomatic relations swelled to about 300. Qabus wished presenting large donations to proceed with domestic reform...... 4 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Friday, February 28,197& Vladivosto-k: 'putting a •"t By John R. Coogan apparently he was unable to do ceilings is mitigated by charges that more than secure levels high enough the ceilings were needlessly high. The Vladivostok summit con to protect current programs. He has Richard Perle, irlliide to Sen. ference in November between Pre acquiesced in, if not supported the Jackson, indicates that the Ad sident Gerald Ford and Secretary Vladivostok settlement, but his ministration's commitment to Leonid Brezhnev in Ford's words dissatisfaction with the terms and quick, successful summits may be produced a "major breakthrough" scope of the agreement are mani hurting the American bargaining in the strategic arms limitation talks r fested by his immediate calls to position. Perle agrees with journal (SALT). However, the latest round build up to the ceiling levels and to ists who suggest that the Soviets of US-USSR summitry has been pursue technological improvements feared Jackson as a tougher bar criticised by a growing number of and research. gainer than Ford, and so were observers from both ends of the One source on the Hill said that willing _to go along with a quick political spectrum. "it is widely believed that the agreement that would hurt Jack While Capitol Hill liberals charge Russians were willing to accept son's chances in 1976, and which in that "the arms controllers acceded lower levels" and that only pressure any case would commit the oc to the demands of the arms from the United States kept them cupant of the White House in 1976 producers," military spokesmen so high. If such reports are and 1980 to the long-term limits set like Admiral Elmo Zumwalt (ret.) accurate, they indicate that Schle at Vladivostok. complain that the Vladivostok singer may have been more success Senate critics of Vladivostok accords reduce the United States to ful than is generally acknowledged who urge reductions in strategic a position of "permanent inferiori in his battle with Kissinger to weapons have focused debate ty ." "The Vladivostok summit has maintain high defense posture. been advertised as the best thing Controls on MIRV flight testing since ice cream, but it's nothing but or scheduled MIRV deployment spinach," said Zumwalt at a recent would give the negotiators time to Georgetown University reception. further restrict MIRV levels, says Ford and Brezhnev agreed at Alton Frye, and would achieve a Vladivostok to limit both the real breakthrough by slowing the United States and the Soviet Union qualitative arms race. However, to 2,400 strategic delivery vehicles both these elements are missing in (intercontinental ballistic missiles, the Vladivostok plan. submarine-launched missiles and Robert Hunter emphasizes the heavy bombers) and 1,320 missiles importance of slowing or control armed with multiple independent ling the qualitative race. Without warheads (MIRV's). These ceilings such measures, even a fixed number and a secret aide memoire were of vehicles can acquire greater communicated to SALT II negoti Defense Department photo destructive ability and precision. ators in Geneva, where the Vladi Vladivostok is precisely the number Those who argue that simple vostok framework will be cast as a the US was planning to MIRV, and numerical equality is not always Defense Secretary James Schlesinger treaty binding the two powers allows the Soviets to MIRV almost important often stress that techno around the Kennedy-Mondale through 1985. It will replace the all their modem intercontinental logical competition and inequality Mathias resolution calling for im 1972 interim agreement limiting ballistic missiles (ICBMs). are far more destabilizing and mediate follow-up negotiations to offensive nuclear weapons, due to Alton Frye, Senior Fellow of the dangerous. Ford and Kissinger did reduce the ceilings, while accepting expire in 1977. Negotiators are Council on Foreign Relations, not press hard enough for qualita the Vladivostok accords in prin expected to work out details by the points out the bureaucratic resist tive controls at Vladivostok, critics ciple. The resolution enjoys "over end of the year, perhaps by ance of the defense establishment charge, and as a result, failed to whelming support," in the words of summer. to cuts in military programs, a deal with the most serious issues. the foreign affairs adviser to Sen. Among the issues still to be resistance he says Brezhnev also The suggestion that Ford and Charles Percy, (R-Il!.). Sen. Percy is resolved at Geneva are verification faces. In oppostion to the upward Kissinger did not push hard enough one of 28 senators who have joined problems and specific definitions of push on nuclear weapons from in long, tough negotiations has been Kennedy, Mondale and Mathias in the weapons systems covered by Defense, many in the State Depart a persistent theme in reaction to sponsoring the resolution. the treaty. . ment and in civilian strategic Vladivostok, Eager for a quick The resolution also frames the Criticism of the treaty has studies institutes believe that de settlement to enhance Ford's image sense of the Senate as recognizing centered on the high ceilings set by structive potential is so great that as a leader and to undermine critics that the Vladivostok message set Ford and Brezhnev. White House substantial cuts in stockpiles by the of detente (notably Presidential "ceilings" and not floors which press releases emphasize the op two powers would have almost no aspirant Sen. Henry Jackson), Ford must be reached. However, the portunity to reduce levels in future impact on strategic capabilities. As and Kissinger may not have gained wide support enjoyed by the talks, but many in Washington say Dr. Pierce Corden of the US Arms all that was possible at Vladivostok. resolution may fragment on this the ceilings could be much lower Control and Disarmament Agency Factors other than domestic poli point when individual weapons now, and negotiations to bring notes, strategic capability is so great tics may explain the apparent push systems, such as the B-1 bomber them down should be concurrent that even large additions or cuts in for a quick agreement: Dr. Kis and the Trident submarine, are with the discussions on the fine the force represent only marginal singer had warned that unless some brought up for authorization. points of the treaty. Secretary of changes in real power. At such agreements were forthcoming soon, Sen. Jackson has joined his more State Henry Kissinger, however, levels, numerical equality in the chance to forestall another liberal colleagues in castigating the regarded such parallel negotiations megatonnage begins to lose its expensive round of the arms race ceilings as "wantonly" high. In a as "much too complicated" and he significance. Strategic adequacy is would be lost.· departure from his more familiar "refused to accept" them, in the sought, and "superiority" is re As criticism of the Vladivostok role of Defense Department ad words of one Capitol Hill aide. garded as an illusion. levels mounted, Kissinger conceded vocate, he has proposed a plan to Robert Hunter, an adviser to In this context, the emphasis of that progress on lowering the limits limit the United States and the Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.), the State Department, and of might be made rapidly, and that Soviet Union to 1,760 vehicles emphasizes that qualitative con Secretary Kissinger in particular, further negotiations need not wait each. The plan has drawbacks and, trols as well as lower ceilings might lies in the progress and momentum until 1981, as originally indicated. without MIRV controls, gives the have been possible under the SALT of detente, which strategic agree Thus, Kissinger's control over the US an immediate MIRV lead of 800 II treaty, but the Pentagon was able ments may facilitate. Secretary of timing of detente "breakthroughs" to zero. For this reason alone it to hold the limits above the Defense James Schlesinger has is being challenged, and the ap play be an unrealistic approach to projected levels of US forces. The countered this challenge to his pearance of momentum created by the problem. Many also challenge ceiling of 1,320 MIRVs set at department over the past year, but a series of agreements lowering the the proposed one-to-one equiv- Friday. February 28. 1976 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Page 6 cap' on the arms race? alence of bombers to ICBMs in Administration are soft-peddling light of the far greater payload the issue, but those in the Ad carried by the bombers. Most ministration without vested bureau important, the Jackson proposal lit is widely cratic intersets in detente are limits the quantitative arms race, as worried by the apparent Soviet the Vladivostok agreement did, but believed that violations. Arch Wood thinks such it leaves the qualitative sector criticisms, before the sec has been uncontrolled. given time to work, are "vastly The military argues that the US the Russians premature," although Admiral committed itself at Vladivostok to Zumwalt flatly states that: "the long-term inferiority because of were willing Soviets are interfering with surveil disparity in ICBM throw weight lance." Richard Perle finds the issue (Soviet SS-9 ICBMs carry one to accept "very, very serious" although he warhead estimated at 25 megatons; cautions that not all of the US Minuteman III MIRVs carry a allegations of Soviet violations are 1.5 megaton payload). Many fear lower levels' accurate. that by the 1980's, a Soviet Some Soviet testing of more first-strike could eliminate the and that only powerful radar and anti-aircraft American land-based force. Alton weapons with possible anti-ballistic Frye points out that the United U.S. pressure missile (ABM) capability has been States has the technological capabi charged to be in violation of SALT lity to build larger missiles than kept I understandings. Rapota responds Moscow's SS-9, using the Soviet them by explaining that developing tech "pop-up" launch. American so lid nologies may seem to have multiple fueled missiles in fact would be so high applications, some of which other superior to the Soviet liquid-fueled nations may perceive as violations vehicles using this launch method. of treaties. American space shuttle • verifiable." Fear of Soviet foul play However, Congress will not au- high survivability of nuclear sub technology and space vehicle ac thus may block the treaty entirely. thorize the massive expenditures marines, and the large number of curacy, he says, may appear to Mr. Griogori Rapota of the required to build such systems. In warheads the Poseidon missile car Moscow to have military impor Soviet Embassy responds to the fact, charges Admiral Zumwalt, ries, even the loss of landbased tance. charges by emphasizing the impact Congress effectively guarantees missiles to heavier Soviet missiles However, Soviet calls for trust Soviet strategic superiority by re will not disarm the United States, such allegations have on detente: and understanding do not comfort fusing Defense Department ap thus deterring Moscow from use of "A spirit of trust and friendship Americans convinced that the propriations. With insured superi the throw weight advantage. Final must continue to grow between the Soviet Union has negotiated in bad ority, Moscow will never relinquish ly, as both Corden and Frye United States and the Soviet Union. faith, with a predeliction toward its advantages in negotiations and suggest, additional megaton Charges like this stern from mis ambiguity and language admitting any SALT agreement will be a mere nage may have little meaning once understandings and should not be multiple interpretations. Some are formalization of US inferiority. a certain destructive capacity is made big issues. Our press stresses critical of the technical competence reached. the progress in detente, not the of American SALT delegates, espe Liberals cite the "bomber gap, Other criticisms from the right obstacles." cially assuming such Soviet tenden missile gap, throw weight gap" allege Soviet violations of SALT 1 Sen. Buckley and others have cies. Some on Capitol Hill assert pattern and contend that American agreements. Sen. James Buckley cited jamming of surveillance sys that the US delegation at SALT I superiority in bombers compensates (Cons.-N.Y.) charges the Soviet tems, hidden submarine construc was far inferior to the Soviet for the lighter ICBMs. Zumwalt Union with systematic interference tion sites, and tests conducted to delegation in familiarity with tech argues that 95 per cent of the with national technical means of exploit loopholes or obfuscate nical issues. Elsewhere in Washing bomber fleet can be destroyed in a surveillance in direct violation of control measures as Soviet viola ton it is argued that Moscow took first strike, while Arch Wood, SALT I. "National technical tions of SALT I. They have advantage of this American weak Senior Fellow at The Brookings means" includes satellite and assumed a "systematic character," ness to create loopholes allowing Institution, agrees with the Air electronic surveillance. Since the reports Buckley's staff, and have the Soviet Union to test systems Force, which claims 85 per cent SALT II delegates at Geneva are increased in frequency throughout and to increase silo size in violation effectiveness for the bombers as a now working on a formula for the fall of 1974. Pressure on this of the spirit of SALT 1. weapons system. Furthermore, the verification of the new agreements issue has forced a "reluctant" There has been progress in US is expected to have some by national technical means, these Administration to bring the alleged several difficult areas of SALT II, 11,000 nuclear warheads by the charges are particularly significant. violations before the Standing Con however. The Soviets have long 1980's, compared to about 8,500 As one Buckley staffer put it, "the sultative Commission (SCC) es resisted any permanent agreement for Moscow. Senate will only ratify a treaty tablished by SALT I. on offensive missiles which did not Liberals suggest that, given the which doesn't go beyond what is The State Department and the continued on page 8 Page 6 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Friday, February 28, 1976 Soviets renounce accord continued from page 1 more specific than "the national inter "runs a mile wide and an inch deep." whether the Soviets try to scuttle est." By imposing the limit, Congress Congress will watch for Soviet initiative Secretary Kissinger's negotiations. The repayment of World War II Lend-Lease hoped to pressure the executive branch to on detente's other fronts. Progress in second area is SALT II, where movement debts, the trade agreement could have provide an assessment of the credit's these crucial areas may lead Congress to is essential. And if in retaliation against survived. But Congress was not consulted. usefulness and the criteria to be applied abandon free emigration as a quid pro Jackson-Yanik they were to tum off the Moscow was led to believe that this to the projects for which the credits were quo for MFN and export-import credits spigot on emigration, that would have a exchange was available, the senior special to be used. Congress is primarily con in future trade legislation. very serious effect on detente." He added ist said. "They can't accept the US cerned about the funding of energy that any relaxation of emigration restric division of powers. The Soviets had been projects with credits, because their No major effect on detente tions by the Soviets of their own accord convinced by the summits that the long-term nature (20 to 25 years) would "definitely" promote renewed President had the support of congres The failure of the Soviet Union, the represents too great a risk. executive and the legislature to reach a efforts for trade legislation. sional consensus which he had always On the Middle East, Communist Party possessed in the past." trade compromise acceptable to all three Tangible benefits is not expected to have a major effect on Leader Brezhnev has been calling for a A high State Department official detente. speedy resumption of the Geneva talks. Internal pressures disagreed with the argument that the Apart from the trade agreement's However, Moscow has not moved to David Aaron, foreign affairs adviser to agreement offered both sides few tangible collapse, Aaron sees detente leveling off block the latest phase of Secretary Sen. Walter Mondate, said internal Soviet benefits. "We would have gotten nearly for political reasons. Kissinger's step-by-step approach to a $800 million in repayment of Lend-Lease settlement. More recently, Kissinger con politics may have caused rejection of the "The momentum will be stalled until cluded discussions with Soviet Foreign accord. "It's very likely that there were debts. MFN simply would have eliminat 1977. We need a new President," he said, Minister Andrei Gromyko with the internal pressures," he said. "The Soviet ed U S discrimination against the Soviets. and quickly added, "one elected, with a renunciation may have been intended to The big gain would have been improve mandate." impression that, despite continued Soviet save Brezhnev from future danger. But we ments in trade." calls for resumption of the Geneva negotia really don't know ... no one really Defending what some called a Soviet He noted that changes in Soviet tions, the Soviets would not actively knows, except the Soviets." advantage in the agreement, he said, leadership are also necessary. Aaron said interfere with his efforts. Asked what role the Stevenson amend "Exim loans are not a concession, but are the political climate in both countries is American officials viewed the ter not conducive to cuts in military ment played in the Soviet renunciation, intended to give US companies a fair minology of the Feb. 17 joint statement spending, predicting that defense requests the Congressional Research Service shake in international business." The in support of reconvening the Geneva State Department official said that will increase while the arms race con meetings "at an early date" as a slight specialist said that "the camel was pretty tinues. close to the ground, regardless of the congressional commitment to the improvement over that of the Stevenson amendment. principle of Jackson-Vanik was shallow Although official statements coming Vladivostok communique, which called "$300 million in Export-Import Bank and approval of the measure was just the out of the Soviet Union indicate a desire for resumption "as soon as possible." credits isn't peanuts," he said, disagreeing legislature's attempt to assert itself. "Con to continue the policy ofdetente, a Soviet Prospects for a voluntary relaxation of with Secretary Kissinger's statements that gress still feels that anything given to the parliamentarian on the Committee on emigration restrictions are poor. In fact, the amount was insufficient. "The Soviets will be to our disadvantage. Foreign Affairs recently expressed pes emigration of Soviet Jews in 1974 fell by amount doesn't have to be spread out American policy is no longer to under simism to an unofficial delegation of more than 40 per cent, according to State over four years and the limits could have mine the Soviet government." Americans. Lev Tolkunov told six Department officials. been removed later with congressional The possibility of renewal or renege members of the non-partisan American If January's total of 1,250 is any approval." tiation of the trade agreement, said the Committee on US-Soviet Relations that, indication, emigration will drop another The expert agreed with Moscow's Congressional Research Service specialist, as a result of Jackson-Vanik, "there is a 20 per cent this year. The figure of assertion that export-import credits are was left open when Moscow did its feeling in this country that other 35,000 Jews permitted to leave in 1973 not essential to the Soviet economy. turnabout in January. He said the Soviets agreements might not be honored-a loss in response to American pressure dropped "They are able to pay cash and go left the impression they would be willing of trust could create a psychology of steadily as congressional demands for without massive credits temporarily, due to comply under a different formula. retreat toward the Cold War which would specific promises in return for better to rising oil prices and increased arms The expert suggested that the Soviets damage the mutual interests of both trade increased. sales." and the Administration will revive the nations and destroy hope in the hearts of Despite the failure of the trade The Soviets are unlikely to expand understanding in a diplomatic context. the people that war can be avoided." agreement, the Commerce Department their oil exports and oil prices probably With results in hand, Secretary Kissinger The high State Department official recently indicated that Moscow plans to will not climb significantly beyond their then will be able to go before Congress who defended the trade pact conceded proceed with its industrial orders. How present levels. Under these conditions, he and say, 'we're getting it our way and that "the trade agreement is not a ever, trade is expected to remain at the said, they will need another source of without pressure.' Sen. Jackson then decisive element in the future of detente, estimated 1974 level of $609 million in income. "The Soviet balance of payments could appear as an obstructionist. (This but we did lose some ground." He also US exports and $350 million in imports. problems will re-emerge from the 1972 conspiracy theory was promoted by flatly disagreed with Aaron's speculation The anticipation of billions of dollars in level when the agreement was signed. Kremlinologist Victor Zorza in a recent that detente would be stalled until 1977. trade voiced at the signing of the trade "They can afford to reject the column in The Washington Post.) "That's not an option, to put off detente bill has since been discarded. Stevenson amendment now, but they'll Little progress probably will be made for two years." In addition, recent upward trends in need credits in the long run," he said. on trade legislation in the next two "The future of detente depends on the number of joint technological pro The purpose of the credit limit was to months. But, as the researcher said, developments in three areas," he said. jects and cultural exchanges are expected require justification by the President congressional support for Jackson-Yanik "In the Middle East, it depends on to continue. Arms flow to oil producers continued from page 1 asking Britain for the use of airfield Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and importance. The countries of the than the American. facilities on Masira Island, off the Oman, making Iran the dominant Middle East will be able to purchase east coast of Oman, to counter power in the region. In return for as many arms as the industrial In the Indian Ocean, the Soviets growing Soviet air power in the these arms, Iran acts as a protector countries can provide, with growing could visit some ten ports in eight countries in 1968. In 1971, they Gulf region. The Soviet Union is of US interests. reserves of petro dollars. As long as established the Treaty of Friend- reportedly flying MIG-23 fighter Both the United States and the conflict continues, the region will ship, Peace and Cooperation with bombers from Iraq over Iran and Soviet Union consider the Middle remain an armed camp for the two the Gulf states. Current sources say East an area of great strategic major powers. India. Four months later, when India invaded Pakistan, Soviet that Soviet bases are being built in made boats sank several Pakistani countries within fighter bomber range of the Persian Gulf. naval and merchant ships and bombarded shore facilities. The The Soviet Union also has United States and Britain set up a landing fields and naval bases in communications system on the Somali, Yemen and a naval base on Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia the Islands of Socotra. One is now in response to Soviet activity. being built in Urn Qasm in Iraq, Today, a joint base exists on Diego which will give the Soviets a Garcia and Soviet ships operate capability in the Gulf stronger than regularly in the Indian Ocean. that of the US Furthermore, the l'nme MInlSter Zulfiquar Ali Soviets have long-range recon- Bhutto of Pakistan told Americans naissance bombers in the Soviet recently that he is offering his Union and four airborn divisions in coastline on the Arabian Sea near Soviet Central Asia in the Turko- the Iranian frontier to the Amer- man Republic, just north of Iran. ican Navy for an air and naval base. The United States has continued -- -,;;-~ - . ....:.--~~ - The United States, however, is providing military equipment to ~~. .: -=-:":'.. Drawrug by AI Altimont t - --- ~ i .'. y~:.r:.-..~....:.:.,.~.~.~.: -, ".~,,~ .. ~..~•....._._•••'_.'_. _.. ~ ...... :..:.~~::.~:.~ '::";:;: .~~ '. t '. '_ '.::'~:.::,..J .._ ' , '" , , -._ - -.• _. •• . •... ..,...J Friday, Februery 28, 1975 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Pege 7 The Sino-Soviet dispute Except for scattered border incidents, They need allies to cut down the chances any objective which would justify the aggression between the PRC and the of attack ... They're using their agree expense of a war. Although the bulk of China claims land USSR has been limit~d to condemnation ments with the United States for two Russia is in Asia, most of their econom and denunciation. Twa questions are purposes. The first purpose is to counter ically and militarily important sites are in held by USSR crucial: Has detente made war more balance Russia. Certainly they hope we the west. China would have to 110 several likely? And what would be the likely wouldn't side with Russia should there be thousand miles before they reached course of events if such a war were to a Russian-Chinese confrontation. The anything they might want. (This may not By Robert Means occur? second reason they're now on friendly be the case once Siberia is developed). Both of these questions are important terms with us is for trade purposes. China And last, the Chinese are well aware that This month marks the third anniver to Major James Fairchild, US Army, who is industrially and economically a very Soviet nuclear capacity far outstrips their sary of Richard Nixon's trip to China-a is an expert on China for the War Plans weak country. They need everything they own. China could not possibly win a war; useful event, to mark the beginning of office in the Pentagon. In an interview, he can eet, and we've set up a fairly large if, by some fluke, they were able to detente.. TIlt! United States has warmed said that, fundamentally, "the relation trade with them." advance near any primary targets, the its relations with the two major com ship has not changed as a result of Russia dislikes American relations with major population centers of China would munist powers in the last three years. The detente." But the two countries have not China every bit as much as China dislikes be levelled in minutes. only dispute between nuclear powers that been unaffected. "Detente has allowed those with Russia. One of Russia's major The Soviet Union, for its part, has no continues undisguised and undiminished the Russians to pay closer attention to goals is to maintain leadership among the desire to fight China, for different is between the People's Republic of China the Chinese because of their apparent socialist countries. "With China in the reasons. Although the Soviets have (PRC) and the Soviet Union. relaxation with us ... For China, it has United Nations," Fiarchild said, "China massive mobile and logistic facilities, their The canon of American ultra-eon probably bothered them somewhat. They becomes more important in the world, problem is in getting them to where they servatives assumes that this dispute is would like to see the United States and and, therefore, continues its challenge to can be used. There is exactly one railroad only superficial. The usual analogy is a Russia at odds with one another. There Russian leadership in the communist and one highway from western Russia to family fight-they bicker among them seems to be an underlying fear in the world ... China would like to be top dog the east, and, in many places, they run selves, but will come to each other's help Chinese government that the United in the communist world. Although she's a within a few miles of the Chinese border. if needed. With 49 Soviet divisions on the States and Russia might get together at very poor country, a lot of her foreign aid If these were cut, Moscow would be Chinese border, this analogy does not some time in the future to keep China has been initiated to increase her stature unable to keep its troops in supply, bear scrutiny. from becoming the third major world with lesser countries in the world." except by sea-a trip that would last There are two major points of power." between 30 to 50 days without an open disagreement. First, China is convinced The possibility of American-Soviet China's search for allies Suez canal. In addition, to get out of that the Soviet Union is not a true collaboration, although it seems unlikely China's search for allies does not end either of their year-round ports, ships communist state. They see the efforts of in this country, is a concern for the PRC. with the U S "They've gone to several must go through water belonging to the USSR to increase its trade with For this reason, the Chinese have used the countries in Africa, an area of the world potentially unfriendly NATO countries: capitalist nations as a betrayal of press to denounce detente between the which is increasing rapidly in importance. Denmark from Leningrad, and Turkey Marxism. They label the Soviet leaders US and the USSR. Peking NCNA (radio) The Chinese have good relations with from Sevastopol. Their other -ports, "Revisionists"-that is, revisers of Marx' said in a broadcast last December, Tanzania and zambia. In fact, China's Murmansk and Archan get, are frozen part doctrine-and "the new tsars." "1974" is the year in which the 'detente' greatest foreign aid goes to this area of of the year. In short, it would be nearly The second point of disagreement advertised by the Soviet Union and the the world, specifically a railroad between impossible to keep troops supplied were concerns boundaries. China claims a great United States, has entered a blind alley the two countries, the Tan-Zam railway. the Trans-Siberian Railway cut. deal of land which is now held by the and the struggle between the two China would have provided Pakistan arms Secondly, Chinese forces form a nearly Soviet Union. The Chinese government superpowers for spheres of influence and and equipment in her war with India impassible defensive block. The numerical has exploited the border issue, in its world hegemony has become more and could she have gotten them there. India superiority of the Chinese army available attempt, particularly through the press, more intensified." The broadcast accused and Russia's cooperation precluded that. on that front (2.1 million for the Chinese to keep public spirit against the Soviets. the .US and the USSR of hiding "the All China could do was back her as opposed to 1.4 million for the Soviets) A Chinese archeological magazine rivalry between themselves and the threat politically ... In the Middle East, China make them an insurmountable obstacle. ran an article on relics which sup of war to the world created by such a has attempted and failed to gain any A third restraint on Moscow is the fact posedly disproved Soviet claims rivalry" with a myth of detente. It inroads into Iran and other countries ... that the PRC does have nuclear weapons, that the Great Wall is China's his detailed alleged attempts by the two The Chinese are trying to get as friendly some of which can reach Moscow. Just as torical boundary. Instead of discussing superpowers to outmaneuver each as they can with the Japanese, for much China is deterred by the threat o( nuclear the finds, the article dealt mainly with other. The US, the broadcast said, was the same reasons as they are with us-to holocaust, so are the Soviets. "I don't the Russian claims: "Inheriting the enlarging its power in the Arab nations. offset Russian influence in' that area of think Russia wants a war; I don't think mantle of the old tsars, the new tsars have Conversely, "the Soviet revisionists have the world and for economic gain ... China wants a war," Fairchild said. not only attacked our country's Great colluded with Israel ... by increasingly China is providing Sri Lanka WIth naval There is one fact that would recom Cultural Revolution, ... but also have sending immigrants to Israel to provide craft. In return, Sri Lanka is allowing the mend a war to Russia, though: time is on shamelessly twisted history by talking the greater support of manpower to Israel." Chinese to use her port facilities." China the side of the Chinese. The longer the rubbish, 'China's northern boundary is While China tries to prevent detente, has also improved relations with Thai USSR waits. the more difficult an the Great Wall ... ' in order to create Russia welcomes it. Soviet forces are land, England, Australia, the Philippines, opponent China will be, particularly in counterrevolutionary public opinion for divided by several thousand mites of and even Taiwan. the area of nuclear weapons. In short. if their subversion and aggression against terrain. If forces were needed on the there is to be a war. it is to the Soviet our country ... The new tsars' shameless Chinese border, rapid mobilization of the Is a war likely on the 6,000 mile Union's advantage to attack now, before clamors that 'The Great Wan is China's forces in Eastern Europe would be border? According to Fairchild, "That China's army overcomes its problems of unique boundary line,' only show that impossible. As Soviet relations with the depends on the leadership of the two mobility and logistics, and befort' China countries. When Chairman Mao passes they are even more rapacious and U S are relaxed, more divisions can be can build its nuclear arsenal to a level aggressive than the old tsars, that they moved from Europe to East Asia. away, it's clouded as to what's going to comparable with the USSR's. dream to establish a gigantic Slavic While deriding agreements between the happen in that country. If Maoists take empire from the Elbe river to China and US and the USSR, the PRC has warmed control of the government once again, we Conduct of a war from the Adriatic Sea to the Arctic toward the United States. It has a very can expect to see the ideological split If such a war were to occur today. It Ocean-a dream which, as Engels pointed pragmatic reason for doing so, said Maj. continue between Russia and China. If would almost certainly be on the Soviet out, is shared by tsars of several Fairchild. "The Chinese need friends ... the revisionists take control, we can Union's initiative. The USSR undoubted ly would build stocks of supply before an generations ... and that they even want Her friendship with the United States, expect to see, possibly, a detente between attack. so their supply problems would be to expand this gigantic empire to India which started with President Nixon's visit Russia and China. To the revisionists in postponed. There are two important areas and Hawaii." to China, is very pragmatic in nature. China the ideological bickering between the two countries is not as important as where Russia would strike. First. they economic progress for China itself, so would attack Sinkiang province (western they may be willing to forego the China) in an attempt to overrun some of Students and ideological rift for their own benefit. If China's nuclear weapons. This would have the army takes over, we can expect a to be a swift, massive blow. before China continued schism between the two can launch any missiles at Moscow. Foreign Affairs countries. If China were to break up into Second, the Soviets would strike IOtO small states, as might be the case, we'd Manchuria, where much of China's see a very weak China which Russia industry is located. "Manchuria is the Editor: Jason Cooke would be very interested in carving up." industrial heart of China," said Fairchild. Staff: Al Altimont, Janet Barsy, John Regis Coogan, Matt Curran, In January, the revisionists scored an "Without Manchuria, China would be Steve Mathias, Robert Means, Andy Oleksiw, Greg Wildermann, apparent victory. The radical Maoists, hard pressed, unless she had allies John Riccio, Jeff Yacker who had held sway for several months, supplying her with weapons and equip were displaced by less radical leaders, led ment, to continue a battle." It is likely Editorial consultant: Andy Lang by Chou En-Iai. that if the Soviets were to take Manchuria Neither country wants a war. The PRC the army would stop. China would have Students and Foreign Affairs is a student magazine on foreign is fully aware that they would not be able been crushed; there would be no need to relations, published monthly as a supplement to The HOY A. to win a war, for three major reasons. continue to take more, less useful Contributions and letters are welcome. Opinions expressed in signed First, their army is primarily defensive, territory. articles do not necessarily represent the views of the editors of either lacking mobility and logistic capability. China initially would try just to In other words, they can fight standing survive. Peking's first action would be to this magazine or The HOY A. still, but they cannot advance far. try to cut the supply route to Vladi Second, they would not be able to obtain continued on page 8 Page 8 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Friday. February 28. 1976 Memories haunt East Europe occupying power. able in Kiev-for 150 rubles ($200). friendly all over Eastern Europe. In By Janet Barsy Capitalistic instincts are alive Packs of Marlboro 100s make Romania and Bulpria, where and well, however. Desire for "We drank water obtained from quick friends. Nylon dresses are a Americans rarely venture, people consumer goods and dollars by the melting snow. For six weeks we source of great envy, as was a often would stare, but not un governmental structure as well as heard constant machine gunfire and red-faced plastic wristwatch. kindly. No one was unwilling to the general populace is often smelled smoke as the Russians Eastern liquid currency is often give elaborate suggestions and direc blatant. slowly advanced on Budapest. really just that: liquid. .As an tions for excursions. American official in Prague said: The prevailing attitude toward When they finally got here, the Thriving black markets "If you give a Czech a bottle of the respective systems of govern fighting was fierce. You never knew Each country has foreign cur scotch, he probably won't drink it. ment appears to be one of resigna who controlled the city. We had rency shops that carry enchanting He'll give it to a garage mechanic to tion. One woman in Prague asked pictures of Stalin and Hitler to put items not readily available to get his car fixed in one day instead sadly, but without bitterness, "You above the mantlepiece that some nationals. Consequently, thriving of two months. (The Czech Skoda Americans fought for 5 years in times we changed twice a day." black markets have sprung up. In is referred to by the Czechs as "the Vietnam; why wouldn't you fight These memories constantly Czechoslovakia I paid my rent to car with 1,000 small faults."). In for us?" haunt the Hungarian lady who the couple I lived with in tuzex turn, the mechanic might use it Everyone is forever reminded of softly recounted the Russian take to coupons (Tuzex stores are the get some plumbing done in his the past by bullet-ridden buildings. over of Hungary. Such stories were Czech foreign currency shops). house." World War II seems only a year or told to this writer many times this Because I paid in this manner, I two in the past. In the case of summer during a six-week trip received double the official ex Private property treasured Czechoslovakia, there are no bomb through Eastern Europe. change rate from my friends. Whatever can be privately owned ed-out buildings, but anyone over With the aid of a grant from the Poland has the most accessible is most treasured. Czechs and six years old has no doubt as to Circumnavigators Club Foundation black market. The government Hungarians are allowed to own of New York given annually to who rules. A general fog of political wants dollars badly so that ex country homes. As a result, Prague juniors in the School of Foreign apathy has settled over a majority changing dollars for zlotys on the and Budapest are quite empty on Service, I visited Prague, Crakow, of the considered populations. street is easy-for almost triple the weekends and Sunday evening traf Warsaw, Kiev, Budapest, Belgrade, A greater appreciation for official exchange rate. fic is reminiscent of New York Bucharest and Sophia. American principles of government The other countries also have City. Thinking back on the summer's is inevitable. It would be untrue to black markets, but punishment is Many Hungarian country homes experiences, it is difficult not to write that this nation does not face 'more certain and harsh. However, are located on Lake Balatan, about feel a sense of relief and pride in some real challenges, but we can be these governments have devised a three-hour drive from Budapest. being an American. Although our grateful that as a people we have other means to get tourist money. These residences generally are mar greatness is often marred by unwise the right to challenge. Most demand mandatory amounts velously rennovated peasant cot foreign and domestic policy decisi Those who would curtail indivi of dollars be exchanged each day, tages without a stick of furniture or ons, we are an immensely privileged dual rights so people can "walk the or more informally, one will find piece of cloth dating after 1910, people to have a heritage of a fairly streets at night" must be made to that only dollars would be accepted usually circa 1870. Owners pour all viable democratic system of gov realize the full implication of such: at hotels. No hotel in Sophia would their love and spare money into ernment. measures. accept my Bulgarian levi. The such retreats where a feeling of I walked the streets of Prague, Eastern Europe is not so fortu Soviet Union is the most efficient: privacy is possible. Warsaw, Kiev, Budapest and other nate. History decreed that these The entire trip must be prepaid Attitudes toward Americans, at such cities. It was indeed very countries be divided among passion before arrival. least towards students, are very quiet. Too quiet. ately nationalistic groups who in Consumer goods are increasingly turn have endured centuries of coveted. Romanian women look like continual occupation by greater exaggerated Mary Quant models powers. Fate has continued this because cosmetics and platform pattern with the Soviet Union sandals recently have become avail Sino-Soviet dispute filling the traditional role of an able. Platform shoes are also avail- continues unabated Vladivostok parley continued from page 7 from Sovietdomination (and China, to be vostok, which probably would be success- sure, would be encouraging this), a continued from page 5 eagerness for Western trade, tech ful. After that, China would fight a Sino-Soviet war would provide the ideal cover the very large US tactical nology and credit explains his defensive war, waiting until Soviettroops opportunity. were immobilized b, their lack of supply. The possibility of a war between the nuclear capability in Europe. As willingness to make SALT conces After that, it would be possible to force two great communist powers is a serious Alton Frye says, it is very hard to sions._However, the strength of the the Sovietsto retreat. danger. Although some Americans think rationalize this force on any Soviet military influence on the Meanwhile, the U S would probably it would give the US the opportunity to grounds other than psychological political leaders is judged by Frye to benefit from remaining neutral. In fact, it wait until it's over, then walk over what's aid to the West Germans. Neverthe- be greater than the influence of the is to the American advantage to have the left of the winner, this is not the case. two sides at odds but not at war, while Nuclearwar is a threat to all nations, not less, the United States held firmly military here. Brezhnev may have warming relations with each. After a war, just the ones throwing the bombs. Unless to the tactical weapons and Mos- won consent to the strategic limits one side might be so dominant that the a Sino-Sovtet confiict were terminated cow yielded on the issue. As Grigori by promising full conventional other would have no choice but to before either side got too far, it would Rapota put it, this "big concession modernization to the military. become a satellite, thus giving the USa end in an exchange of nuclear arms. 'didn't make too many people Another important area of agree- unified active enemy rather than two Neither side would be willing to let the uncooperative potential ones. After a war other win a war without resorting to happy." ment was the principle of equal starts, the United States would not want nuclearweaponsfirst. Perle argues that the Soviets aggregates. Asymmetries between to become embroiled In it. Ifone side did Detente with the U S has not wanted an agreement badly enough US and Soviet forces are met by pin the advantage, the United States worsened the relationship between the to give up a lot, as the concession balancing off advantages in some might be forced to help the other to PRC and the USSR, but it has not on tactical weapons indicates. The areas for weakness in others, as long prevent the stronger from holding the improved it. The Sino-Soviet border resources of both. remains a fiashpoint for a third world US lead in MIRV or tactical nuclear as the aggregate systems are equal. Moscow's allies would be faced with a . war, along with the Mid-East, Europe and weapons could have been used to Against this background, the difficult choice if a war broke out. They India. Because it is the only one where force down the Soviet throw weight Soviet and American delegations at also are trying to build and strengthen nuclear powers are directly involved, it is advantage. Dr. Kissinger, says Perle, Geneva will specify the details and relations with other countries. If the undoubtedly the most dangerous. It is underestimates the USSR's willing- a veJification system to comple Soviet Union became involved in a war, also the point of friction where the they would not want to endanger these United States is most impotent to act as ness to maintain the climate of ment the Vladivostok framework. relationships by actively supporting the an arbitrator or peacemaker. Neither detente. Several Washington sources warn of USSR, unless they were liven no choice. country will discuss Sino-Soviet relations Although observers often hedge "characteristic" Soviet desires to But the Soviets would be in no position with American diplomats. Any a~rd their assessments of Kremlin poli- secure ambiguous wording to be to whip rebellioussatellites back into line between the two must come from Wlthm, ~ ~.t ~.~~1:'i ·.~ ~.~.:.~"eIMtN'A if they were fipting a war in the east. and that possibility is, at best, highly tics, •• •• .·.:•••••·•·•••.••••• .... ····~""~ ....~attM-t~tt·4·1I'ntiblY."·- ...' Friday, Februery 28, 1975 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Page 9 Capping the runaway arms race "- continued from page 8 on strategic arms limits are very integrate as pressures for specific reductions to follow, must be the exploited later in unanticipated difficult to vote against, especially weapons systems mount. pattern of successful negotiations. programs. Particular concern centers when the limits are so high that Others respond that relying on The suggestion that the only real on whether the "heavy bombers" "major breakthroughs" require no Mutually Assured Destruction value of strategic weapons is referred to at Vladivostok will be direct challenge of current Defense (MAD) as a deterrent poses serious psychological probably represents defined to include the new Soviet programs. questions about the morality of the point of greatest consensus in "Backfire" bomber. F'owever, even agreements pre holding the civilian populations of the strategic debate. Admiral Zum Creation of a verification mecha sented as the fruit of another both countries as nuclear hostages. walt remarks that "the Soviets are nism for a MIRV agreement has "historic summit" have lost the Richard Perle finds it "grossly far too rational for a nuclear war, been particularly difficult. As aura of inviolability. The Kennedy irresponsible" to thus "insure the and so are we." The fear is that the noted,.identifiable silo modification Mondale-Mathias resolution has suicide of two civilizations." Hun Soviets may be able to exploit and construction patterns indi been watered down, but it repre ter says he cannot be confident strategic superiority in winning cating MIRV capability at a base, sents an articulate dissatisfaction about "the insanity of deterrence," cooperation from other nations and under the assumption that all the with the high ceilings and makes but he regards the alternatives as in forcing the US to back down in missiles at the base are MIRV~, further reductions a political imper "more insane." crises. Schlesinger couches the need provides one method of calculating ative. Furthermore, by calling for By restricting ABM systems, for a new targeting policy in terms MIRV strength. The US may also the final agreement to be presented SALT I assured that mutual de of psychological impact: "We do push for a formula counting any to the Senate as a treaty, the struction would result from a not intend that the Soviet Union model of deployed missiles tested resolution manifests a post-Water nuclear exchange. Arch Wood should have a wider range of with MIRVs as MIRV launchers. gate sense of congressional respon points out that, in effect, the SALT options than we do" because of the The verification issue is espe sibility and active participation in I agreements recognized that strate effect on third party calculations of cially important, since the see is foreign policy formulation. gic weapons were militarily useless, comparative strength. considering controversies arising Secretary Schlesinger is already by limiting ABM systems. If a A treaty incorporating the Vladi out of SALT I, verification provi arguing the need to build up to the country refuses to defend itself vostok framework will probably be sions. All observers agree that the Vladivostok ceilings in the absence against nuclear weapons, it bases ratified before the year is out, to Soviet closed society introduces of "Russian restraint." To preserve the refusal on the assumption that mark the first step in eventual "an asymmetry in the opportunity a credible triadic system, now nuclear weapons will never be used, reductions. At the same time, to see what's going on," in the necessary with the acceptance of and are thus useless. If they are bureaucratic pressures in both the words of Arch Wood. "equal aggregate" forces, the US militarily useless, he says, the next United States and in the Soviet Unless absolute furor breaks out must go forward with the B-1 step is to render them politically Union to expand 'strategic forces over unquestionable Soviet SALT I bomber and the Trident submarine, useless. Neither side is willing to are beginning to build again, and violations, the Senate will ratify the Defense Department says. The create the appearance of inferiority hard-liners on both sides may almost anything based on the sense of the Senate conveyed by by unilateral reduction in force, so manipulate the violations issue to Vladivostok summit. Agreements the Kennedy resolution may dis- attainment of equality, with equal remove the new limits.

TONIGHT SUNDAY, MARCH 23 THE LAST OF THE LET THE GOOD TIMES ROLL!! GREAT HOYA GOLD RUSH as A Party in the Hall of Nations CHUCK BERRY Free Admission Cash Bar with 80 Didley and The Coasters Music - Dancing returns you to the 50's in McDonough Arena a.p.m. $6.50 ($3.50 SES) 9 p.m. Tickets go on sale next week. ALSO: the drawing for the GREAT HOYA GOLD RUSH RAFFLE will be held.

Off-Campus Tickets IMPORTANTI Mar. 1 JOHN MAYAll DAR 7:00 $6.50 5.50 4.50 THERE WILL BE Mar. 2 SHA-NA-NA DAR 7:00 NO MOVIES $6.50, 5.50. 4.50 THIS WEEKEND. Mar. 12 JACKSON BROWN DAR 7 :00 $6.50.5.50 • Mar. 15 MILES DAVIS - HERBIE HANCOCK Due to circumstances beyond our control (i.e., the DAR 7:00 Mad School has withdrl!lwn permission for us to use $7.00.6.00 the room) we are thus FORCED to cancel the movies. Further information on the status of the remaining Mar. 29 QUINCY JONES DAR 7:00 schedule will be forthcoming. 7.50.6.50 TiCkets may be purchased at the S.E.C. Box Office in Healy Basement

...... " '" -.'"' ," ".'" ~ . -."'" "'~'...... ~ ., ' " ~ Page 10 STUDENTS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Friday, February 28,1976 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • : DONT FORGET! ! : • • • • •• • • • ! RESIDENCE HALL i • • !• LO ERY i• • • : Application Day : • • : March 18 Only : • • • • :• Winners posted Mar. 25, noon :• :• Room selection Apr. 2 & 3 :• • • • • • • • • : Office for Residence Life : • • :• 101 Old North :• • • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• (6mbuatt Q.tnnstruahtr Friday February 28, 1975 Grad Caucus a Success

made any radical progress in making of the sessions, making valuable comments Urbana opportunities at all levels in higher educa and observations. Summaries of the panels tion available to women? are presented here for your review. Where These and many other questions were conclusions were made pertinent to Examination of raised at the Graduate Caucus held at Georgetown, particularly with respect to Urbana the first weekend in February. student involvement in the academic Some fifty persons drove their bobsleds structure, there is expected to be an Opportunities out to Frederick County that snowy on-going discussion between the Dean and weekend, to participate in what wac; members of the Graduate Student Organi generally considered a profitable exposure zation. For Graduates on both the academic and social level. After dinner on Saturday evening, Dean Some topics were, by design, of a rather Herzberg addressed the group with respect Serious problems surrounding the job esoteric nature; others, however, were to Georgetown's problems and goals, as market today force students and faculty to thoroughly practical, concerned with gra well as its financial restrictions, in a real take a close look at the academic duate studies at both the international and istic manner. He answered questions with preparation offered at Georgetown's gra national level, as well as specifically frankness and conviction. Sunday morning's duate school. How will the institution relating to Georgetown. reports and comments by student panelists adapt to what promises to become an Dr. Charles Kidd, the principal speaker, were brief, but gave evidence of a healthy increasingly bleak prospective for graduates provided sufficient food for thought with exchange of ideas. Difficulties on some of in the coming years? How can the student his provocative remarks on expected trends the panels were brought to light, as well as be better counseled in preparing to meet in graduate education in the coming valuable proposals. which will be acted the lean years ahead? Are the present decades. Then, for the remainder of the upon by student leaders. The majority in structures through which graduate students afternoon, panels addressed themselves to attendance felt that similar conferences Doctor Charles Kidd (left) was the participate in policy-making, both on a their specific topics in the light of Dr. ought to be scheduled each year. principal speaker at the Graduate Caucus school level as well as the departmental Kidd's remarks. Happily, the principal The panel disCUSSIOns are conlinued on held in Urbana. Details of the Discussions level, viable and satisfactory? Have we speaker and various panelists visited several page 2. are in the following pages. Important Elections Ahead sibility to present the student's perspective The area council system has provided difficult but not unrealistic requirement. By Ken Rowley and problems in Graduate School. During the Georgetown graduate student body The reorganization of the Graduate School this year, they played a role in successfully with an opportunity for active participa has given us an excellent opportunity for Georgetown's graduate school has been resolving the May graduation controversy tion in the growth and change of our both voice and vote within the system 011 divided into four areas under the current involving non-thesis M.A. candidates. They school. If you want to become mort> active, matters of real importance. administration. These areas are: Social have also presented a proposal for language and become a candidate, do so. If you If we fail to use this avenue because of Sciences and Humanities; Natural Sci translation courses to prepare graduate don't wish to become a candidate, at least apathy or disinterest, we have no one to ences; School of Languages and Lin students for their language exams. vote. A 40 per cent vote in each area is a blame but ourselves. guistics; and Medical and Dental Sciences. Each of these four groups is represented within the graduate school organization by an area council. These councils are composed of faculty and administration Pastan Poetry Receives an I A' representatives, and one graduate student per council with full and equal voting rights, if properly elected. Proper election BI II outwardly appeared to be relazed-rthe The remainder of the reading included requires a minimum of forty per cent y Ma lory Mu en repressed tension was present in her words. poems from her books. The tone of the turnout within an area, at which time the Mrs. Pastan is struggling against the rules. reading had somehow changed. Though student receiving the greatest number of The poetry reading held on February 7, rules that deny individuality. still placid, Mrs. Pastan's manner was votes is placed on his area council. 1975 in Healy featured Linda Pastan, and solemn. Her poems reflect an adult If student representatives are elected to student poet, Michael Bonadies. Mrs. perceiving the world through experienced all area councils, they then select one of Pastan has a long bibliography including Marks eyes. The innocence of childhood can be their number to serve on the Graduate two books: A Perfect Circle of Sun (1971) captured only as an ephemeral rnomory. School Executive Committee (as a voting and Aspects of Eve, which will be released "Folk Tale" is based on an old tale about a member). This body is the principal policy this spring. couple living in a tiny, cramped cottage. and procedure-making organ of the Gra- Mrs.'Pastan began the reading with some My husband gives me an A They go to the wise man who tells them to duate School. of her new poems, referred to as "Exam for last night's supper, bring all of the animals, which makes the Those graduate students interested in Poems". The title gave rise to that all too an incomplete for my ironing, cottage even more unbearable. Then they serving on their area councils next year familiar feeling of sweaty palms and a a Bplus in bed. are to let one animal out every day. In this must present nominating petitions to the churning stomach when handed a #2 pencil My son says I'm average, way, when the couple are alone again. the Graduate School Office no later than and told to begin. Her "Pass&Fail" was an average mother, but if cottage doesn't seem so cramped. "Folk March 21, 1975. Petition forms will be preceded with an explanation that she has I put my mind to it Tale" is really about modern marriage and made available in the GSO office and the been plagued by examinations all her life. I could improve. children leaving home. Our poet wasn't Graduate School Office by February 28. "I have an obsession with life as some kind My daughter believes sure if the poem was sad or not. yet there Petitions should contain the signatures of of test." The poem is negative, anxious, in Pass/Fail and lells me is an aura of melancholy about the poem. 25 graduate students within the candidate's filled with failure. As Mrs. Pastan read it, I pass. Wait 'til they learn Michael Bonadies, the student poet area, with the exception of Medical and one could perceive a note of cynicism. She I'm dropping out. present at the reading, should be closely Dental Sciences, where only 10 signatures is a sensitive person, whose emotional Linda Pastall followed in the future. Michael's poetry is are required because of limited enroll- outlet is the pen. The poem "Marks" is witty and electric. His prose poem ment. witty and inventive, while at the same time "Cocktail" I~ clever and biting, while Student representatives on area councils bare and simple, There are no pretenses, no "Choice Looks" proved to be unm "ak- . have a significant opportunity and respon- illusions. While reading the poem, our poet ablv graphic.

,~ •••__ _ _ .. _-_.~ - ._.-... __•• _ • __ At. .. ,.. _ • __ .. __ '"_"' .. __ _ _ .. ~_ .. __ ., .. *.'" • ~ .•• " Page 2 GRADUATE CONSERVATOR Friday, February 28, 1976 Grad Students Employable? $7200' per year ever make it to traditional colleges and secondary institutions, employment agencies or listings. Therefore, • There should be a degree of there is the "hidden" job market compns disciplinary flexibility in one's academic ing 80 per cent of the available positions. training, especially in the social sciences. The "what's available" question is the One should be at least intelligently literate wrong one to ask because this may be and conversant in fields other than one's severely limiting. own. • The goals of graduate academic • Since potential employers may be training should be the following (in seeking someone with a more skills-orient ascending order of importance): (a) teacher ed training, the student should consider at training (probably the least important), (b) least minoring in a "practical" contempora specialized knowledge, (c) research skills, ry field. It was pointed out that in the and (d)"communication skills, the ability to Master of Science in Foreign Service convey ideas (of primary importance in program, for example, an element of that almost every professional field and posi program's success is the stress on a tion). generalist, inter-diselplinary knowledge. • In regard to job-seeking, it was SUGGESTIONS AND suggested that one of the greatest mistakes RECOMMENDATIONS graduate students make is to believe that • There should be alternative tracks the specific profession indicated by any provided by the university to increase a given course of study is the only thing the student's marketability. There should student can do. Quite often employers hire perhaps be an adjustment to the academic Members of the first panel included (left to right) Wayne Lord, Dr. Holman, and program in order to make the graduate Herbert Maisel. degree recipient more employable. What is one's preferred • Job hunting techniques are crucial. I. Non-academic Professions for Acade • In the physical sciences and The graduate student should consult with mically Trained Persons mathematics, there are more job op the career development personnel of the working environment? portunities outside the University com university for assistance in this matter. Panel members: Dr. Herbert Maisel (Dir munity than in the humanities. In the • Rather than examining only the job ector of the Academic Computation Center science field, there is some history to go on availabiltiy situation, the student should persons from unrelated fields on the basis and Professor of Computer Science), Dr. with respect to knowing what potential give serious consideration to five questions: of certain desired skills which the person Paul Holman (Director of the Russum Area employers desire and to structuring the (1) What does the student have to may have exhibited in his academic Studies Program and Assistant Professor of academic program with that knowledge in offer (personal assets, values, interests)? training. Many skills learned in one History) and Mr. James Briggs (Chief mind. In physics, applied mathematics and The student should not be primarily academic discipline may be transferred to Administrator of the Office of Career chemistry, for example, the curriculum has concerned with "what label to hang around another field. Developmenl and Planning, Georgetown been influenced to a significant extent by his neck." University). The moderator and recorder of the demands and requirements of the (2) What are hls/her goals and expecta- • The development of alumni contacts the panel UKlS Wayne Lord (graduate by the university officials and the indivi student in the Department of History). dual departments is one of the methods for The panel defined "non-academic making inroads into that 80 percent of the professions" as those jobs and professional How much money does one job market which never comes to the positions which are not based at an attention of the normal employment institution of higher learning. (This ex· want/need to be making? agencies and listing services. c1usion includes both teaching and univer • In answer to the criticism that many sity-sponsored research.) "Academically of the above suggestions place almost the trained persons" are defined as those professional and commercial interests. It tions? entire burden of career planning and job persons who receive (or expect to receive) was predicted that there would probably (3) What is one's preferred working acquisition on the students, one of the either a Masters or a Ph.D. degree at an be no long-term change in the demand in environment? panel members underscored the fact that institution of higher learning. (The panel physics and chemistry for those completing (5) How much money does one individual departments are by no means excluded from its discussion the career degrees. In regard to pure mathematics, it need/want to be making? absolved from responsibility in regard to prospects for medical, dental and law was noted that unlike the humanities, The career counselors have observed the cultivation of professional contacts for students.) graduate enrollment in theoretical math is that these questions are often far more the purpose of securing jobs for graduate down. In the field of computer science, difficult than the finding of a job itself. It students. there is a great degree of employer is only after these questions are answered that the proper focus on the communica PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS feedback and changes in the curriculum can CRITIQUE be and need to be considered in the light of tions network which surrounds every field can be made. Some of the graduate students attending • At a graduate school, is it wise to be employer opinion. There is, for example, a preparing people for teaching careers when constant adjustment going on in computer • Each department should give the the session were disappointed that at least there is little or no chance for finding a science on the basis of the design of new most accurate job availability projection as two of the important questions were never teaching position given the present and equipment and the development of new possible to students who apply for a given properly discussed. The justification of projected market? techniques. graduate program. This is a moral as well as training people for jobs that simply do not • How can we develop graduate • It was pointed out that in the a practical obligation. exist, or exist in extremely small numbers, education to permit more flexibility? physical sciences and mathematics, a • Students should consider positions in and also the handling of the student's • How does the graduate student make marriage of academic programs and needs educational institutions other than the disillusionment after being forced to settle the transition from an academic to a of the non-academic employer has already so-called "fifty best universities." One for employment of secondary choice in a non-academic orientation? taken place, and hence there is a greater should examine the possibilities of non-academic profession, are issues which • How should a graduate student degree of parallelism in the curriculum of rewarding career opportunities at small demand attention. structure his/her academic program to the university and the professional develop increased marketability? application in the scientific and business • What are the procedures for finding a community. "non-academic" job for an academically • Regardless of the need for ~rabuak trained person? adjustments in the curriculum according to Qt011.6truator • What sustains or should sustain the non-academic employers' requirements, the graduate student in the grind of course panel members underscored the im Editor: Art Zuehlke portance of basic research. It was suggested work and thesis research given the limited Editorial Staff: job possibilities? that the planning of curricula solely on the basis of the job openings of the present Ken Rowley, Wayne Lord, moment would be ill-advised. Jill Duvall, Dave Skoblow • The counselors in the Career Planning Business Editor: Mark Wiznitzer PRESENTATIONS AND ANALYSES Office have noticed that students continue Staff:Jack Belcher, Bob Brown, • The panel was of the opinion that to make career decisions on the basis of job Dennis Yavorsky, Mallory Mullen, Mary Ellen Orvis given the present job market today in availability and current (and sometimes teaching, the new Masters or Ph.D. inaccurate) employment projections. Some Executive Design Editor: diane rogozinski recipient will probably be unemployed or students, moreover, tend to be unable to will have to find employment in a change directions once a commitment to a The Graduate Conservator is the monthly newsmagazine of the non-academic environment. certain program has been made. On the Georgetown University Graduate School. Offices in Room G-14, • It was noted that there are real other hand, one should be careful about Healy Basement. Phone: 625·4050. compromising career goals and desires on differences in the various academic dis Opinions expressed in articles do not necessarily represent the ciplines with respect to job potentiality the basis of job opportunities alone. and that assessment of the job situation • Job availability figures can be views of editors of The HOYA. should include proper differentiation misleading since only about 20 per cent of among those disciplines. the available jobs which pay more than Fridllv, February 28,1976 GRADUATE CONSERVATOR Page 3 Ethics & Professionals Student Moderators: Art Zuehlke, Dove sion ranged widely over this issue, explor Skoblow ing the structure and dynamics of the problem, including pre-professional and Panelists: Dr. Andre Hellegers, Director of post-professional experience and the role the Kennedy Bioethics Institute and influence of professional associations. F. X. Winters, SJ, School of Foreign The process of education of the profes Service sional, and his initial socialization and acceptance of the norms of his profession, This panel addressed itself to questions was viewed by the group as a critical point which concern Georgetown University and in the development of responsible profes the academic and professional community sionalism. The current system of instruc at large. The unique attributes of George tion in ethics for professionals at George town were noted: our location in Wash town and elsewhere was then scrutinized in ington, OC and the University's potential the effort to discover important weak access to governmental resources, as well as nesses or insufficiencies. It was observed Georgetown's opportunity to have in that structured courses in ethics of fluence or play an active role in the . professions often become conducive to continuing effort to bring social responsi "professional ethics" rather than ethical bility and human values into governmental professionalism. The ethics should be decision-making. The fitness of George blended into the cirrucula of the profes town University for this role is enhanced sional program via interaction with extra by its other advantages: 1) that it is a professional divisions in the University. private school, relatively free from govern Closely related to this problem, and a mental financing and control, and 2) that contributing factor, is the problem of Georgetown is a Catholic school, tradi specialization and "inbreeding" in the tionally committed to the pursuit of profession: pre-med, graduate school, Christian ethics-a firm value orientation in AMA. The vertical structure of professional the age of "specialization," "compart and graduate education precludes meaning mentalization," and "value-free" analysis. ful exchange and experience with other disciplines, a process perhaps necessary to The discussion group concerned itself deeply with the problems of profes sustain and nurture an ethical perspective sionalism, in particular, the abrogation of in a "value-free" science or profession such as law. The discussion group saw a need for ethical norms, often associated with the a greater integration of disciplines, especial legal profession, governmental bureau ly across academic/professional lines. A Frank Winters, SJ cracy, medicine and academia. The discus- professional school such as the SULC could benefit from interaction with the more value-oriented graduate school depart ments. It was observed that the problem of Grads Need Representation specialization and compartmentalization was not unique to the professions; indeed, Student Moderators: Ken Rowley, Jack • FELLOWSHIPS effort to assist the graduate in his search the Georgetown Graduate School suffers Belcher The panel concurred that the number of for a job in which he can utilize his from it as well. The vertical structure of fellowships be increased. This would be academic skills, if such be his desire. the school with its compartmentalized Panelists: Harold Bradley. S.J.• Director of preferable to an increase in the individual It was later proposed that a special departments and, by virtue of curricula and International Programs; Donald Herz stipend. If there is no monetary increase in academic placement officer be assigned to degree requirements. minimal interdis berg, Dean of the Graduate School the individual fellowship, then the require the director of the Center for Career ciplinary experience on the part of ment prohibiting outside work while on a Planning and Placement, whose function it students, was viewed as restrictive and • STUDENT PARTICIPATION: fellewship should be deleted from the would be to coordinate academic employ undesirable by some of the participants in Area Councils: Four area councils exist contract. Given the current economic situ ment opportunities in conjunction with the the discussion. under the organization-Social Science and ation, this requirement is unrealistic and various graduate departments and to ap It was suggested that a talent inventory Humanities, Natural Science, the School of frequently violated. prise candidates of job placement history be developed in the Graduate School in Languages and Linguistics and Medical and We encourage the departments to util within the specific departments, as well as order to share talents and resources on an De ntal Sciences. Currently, graduate ize post M.A. fellows as teaching assistants future projections within the academic interdisciplinary basis. Such an inventory student representation is 1 student per in lower division survey courses. This community. This would ultimately releive could find areas of expertise, areas of council at which 40 per cent council must would serve two purposes: it will lessen the departmental chairmen of the onus of overlap and duplication, and provide a key vote. If and only if all four representatives teaching load for professors and also pro placement problems. for a more efficient and comprehensive use are elected, they choose one of their vide valuable experience for the graduate • STUDENT RIGHTS: of the academic resources of the Univer members to serve on the executive com student. The pre-M.A. fellow could assume There is no codified procedure for sity. By using the most talented people mittee. At t,l1e invitation of the Dean the role of grading assistant which is student grievance and appeal currently across the school, the restrictive compart the individual with the highest number of presently filled by many fellows. within the Graduate School. The panel mentalization of departments and dis votes can sit on the council. It is our • PLACEMENT recommends that a joint faculty-graduate ciplines could be diminished, interdis conclusion that the representation in the The academic placement facilities at student committee be established to invest ciplinary experience and academic/profes present structure through the academic sional interaction would be fostered, and councils is adequate. However, similar de Georgetown are inadequate. The career igate grievance/appeal systems in existence placement office adequately covers non at other insittutions and formulate such a the financial drag of duplication might be partmental representation is lacking. Thus, academic professions for undergraduate system for immediate adoption by limited. However, this proposal was quali it is the feeling of the panel members that and graduate students. However, it is the Georgetown's Graduate School. fied by some members of the group in that graduate students should have voting rep responsibility of the department to apprise The Graduate School has expressed a it should by no means dilute the academic resentation on departmental committees them of past job placement history and willingness to work with its students and rigor of traditional disciplines through cuts dealing with graduate studies. If this type future projection within the academic com has opened major avenues of commun in a full and varied curriculum, or divert of response is not generated by the depart munity. Furthermore, the department's ication. The responsibility for using these the faculty from their primary interest and ments themselves, then a formal amend responsibility extends beyond the granting channels remains with the graduate stu responsibility to their departments. their ment to the Graduate School constitution of a degree and must include every possible dent. students and their academic discipline. should be submitted. • CURRICULUM: It is the conclusion of the panel that graduate/undergraduate courses are inade quate. The proper procedure should be the News Review admittance of qualified undergraduate stu Finance Committee the committee on its meeting on February which will be led by Dr. Gaston and several dents into graduate courses on a limited In response to the request of the 10, 1975. The recommendations included a Southern political figures. After the pro basis. This should in no way limit the Executive Vice President of Academic request that the committee be expanded gram, a southern buffet will be served and variety of graduate course offerings at Affairs, Aloysius P. Kelley SJ, the Grad to include a graduate student representa entertainment will be presented. The event Georgetown. uate Student Organization has nominated tive. Father Henle has granted this request will be held in Healy, Room 201. The Cross-disciplinary flexibility should be one of its more active members, Ken and even declared his intention to provide charge will be five dollars per person. The encouraged and the procedures for each Rowley, to serve on the Main Campus for a graduate student representative to entire University community is invited to department should be spelled out. A Finance Committee. If accepted, the finish out the remainder of the school year. attend. history major should be encouraged to appointment has a tenure of two years. investigate other disciplines for related The committee will be composed of Southern Extravaganza Spring Fling offerings. The same holds for other dis faculty members, students and administra On Friday, March 21, Phi Alpha Theta A spring party is planned for March 22, ciplines. tors. There will be two undergraduate (the history honorary society) will sponsor 1975 (Saturday) 8 PM to 1 AM in the Dean Herzberg related that there is no students and one graduate student on the an Evening of Southern History, featuring Alumni Lounge. McDonough Gymnasium. "core" faculty per se. The panel also felt it Committee. Dr. Paul Gaston, Professor of History, The festivities will include dancing with a better to designate "graduate" professors University of Virginia. The major topic of live band, and liquid refreshments: mixed rather than establish a unique core faculty. Graduate Representation discussion will be "Perceptions of the drinks 25 cents, beer 10 cents, proceeds to Dean Herzberg proposed that there be a Dr. Edward J. Finn, chairman of the Dixiecrat Movement, 1946-50". The go to the Potomac Review. This is the 5-year review of graduate faculty to insure student life policy committee, submitted evening will include a social hour beginning GSO's last major activity for this school continued excellence in teaching. to Father Henle the recommendations of at 7: 00 pm, a lecture and a panel discussion year, so come out and enjoy. Page 4 GRADUATE CONSERVATOR Friday, Februery 28, 1976

Grads vs. Undergrads at G.U. berg, opens avenues of communication with faculty members, he was informed much open disCuSsion in class. They don't By Mary Ellen Orvis which could be exploited by all parties that the undergraduates often feel that want to hear the thoughts of their concerned to alleviate the alienation their time is wasted in special teaching colleagues, preferring to scribble down the Most undergraduate students come into experienced by many graduate students." sections headed by graduate students, for words of the professor. "This is surprising contact with graduates only through the According to the GSO President Art they prefer to hear from the professor to me," said Zuehlke, "for it was my hierarchical relationships of teachers and Zuehlke, many graduate students would himself, in order to maximize their experience as an undergraduate that such their teaching assistants. Stuck with most. desire more teaching experience and preparation for examinations. open forums, either in class or in teaching of the busy work of the course, such as exchange with the undergraduates than is Zuehlke commented that to his surprise, sections, were very valuable in clearing up exam and syllabus composition, as well as currently provided for in the duties of the it is often borne out in class evaluations ambiguities and gaining further insight into grading of papers and exams, teaching teaching assistants. Having raised this issue that the undergraduates are critical of the material." assistants rarely have the opportunity to really acquaint themselves with the mem bers of their classes. They have been buttered up, questioned intensively, com plained and cried to, but rarely thought of and treated as what they are: people Disadvantages Hurt Women anywhere from one to thirty years older than we are, students furthering their Student Moderators: Jill Duvall, Jan Kor competition for admission, aid and grants, and the limited numbers of women in top education, and an essential part of the enbaum, Katv Turpin etc. Some specific problems are job re pay scales and in total numbers of publi Georgetown Academic community. Panelists: Dr. Dorothy Brown, Dept. of location, less time to spend at the univer cations. The current job market for Ph.D's Not all graduate students are teaching History, Fr. Robert Judge, S.J., Asso sity for extra-curricular events, and specific was discussed at some length and the assistants, though. Besides the few recipi ciate Dean of Students responsibilities stemming from home man outlook for both men and women is grim, ents of fellowships who assist professors agment. On the other hand, it was noted to say the least. AlthOUgh many points during the semester, there are many people The general problems encountered by wo that many of the social and future-related were discussed in which it was felt there who attend class, patronize the Healy men as expressed by panel members break questions with which single women are still was room for improvement at Georgetown, center, who, like us, fall under the down into the following areas: contending are usually moot questions for it was also frequently noted that George jurisdiction and are affected by the student 1. Admissions problems-it was gener married women with children. Motivations town is way in advance of most universities government bureaucracy. However, there ally agreed that figures show women re of both married and single women were in developing a sensitivity to the overt and are few graduate representatives on the ceive fewer fellowships and scholarships, generally considered to be identical to subtle discriminations against its women many student government committees that it takes longer for women to get such those of males with deference being among students. Generally, the feeling was that which make important decisions affecting aid during their studies, and women fre the most important. more exchanges among faculty-student life here at Georgetown. Numbering quently must achieve higher academic 4. It was noted that Georgetown does groups will go a long way to eliminating approximately one-fifth of the entire standing to be considered for admission not suffer from an overabundance of Woo most problems on the intra-university level. student body, the interests of graduate and financial aid than men on the same men's Studies courses-but that the Con There seems to be little that Georgetown students are rarely considered, nor even level. There is evidence, too, that males are tinuing Education Division is trying to do can do to change the job market but later understood by undergraduates. more readily accepted for apprenticeship more in this area. That division is also discussions will be needed to determine if According to president of the Graduate than are women. Some of the character attempting to encourage more women to women are gettithe same attention as male Student Organization, Art Zuehlke (a istics of the Georgetown situation in par return to studies, especially during the next graduates on specific questions of job teaching assistant in the Government ticular are that the nature of the college is year (International Women's Year). placement assistance. This particular aspect Dept.), "Our problem lies partly in the fact in flux from the change to coeducational 5. A fact sheet compiled by Katy was not discussed in terms of a male! that to many students, a graduate student education, and although women are gener Turpin from a recent study, Women, Men female comparative basis. is conceived of as is a teaching assistant, ally junior members of departments, this is and the Doctorate, by John Centra, was closer to the faculty than the student expected to change gradually as more distributed before the panel discussion *(The title of this panel caused some little body, and not a real member of the women reach tenure status. It was pointed began. Among the more relevant con problem due to the use of the word "role". student community here at Georgetown" out that the "affirmative action" regul clusions was the total percentage of doctor Should you decide to do another seminar Zuehlke said that "the Graduate Student ations are causing some problems as the ates awarded to women (only 15-20 per on Graduate Education, perhaps another Organization wants to help foster a sense black male or female applicant is able to cent of the recipients annually are women) word could be substituted.) of community among undergraduates and demand as much as $2,000.00 above non graduates, so that graduate students may blacks with equal qualifications. more fully participate in and share the 2. In the area of psychological aspects benefits of student activities available to of women in graduate education, it was them." stated that there is frequently a tendency Members of the GSO feel that it is to consider the contributions of women in necessary to raise the consciousness not classroom and related activities to be of only of the undergraduates, but the faculty less significance than such contributions and administration as well, for they believe from males. This appears to be manifested that the concerns of the graduate students in both faculty-student relationships and go unnoticed in varying degrees by all three student-student relationships. Discussion groups. Ken Rowley, a graduate with about specific departments at Georgetown experience at other graduate schools seemed to verify suspicions of this pheno remarked, "One of the problems of a menon-with little prospect for any graduate student is that in many cases, he changes in the near future. is treated as a non-entity by all the major 3. A brief discussion of the specific '" . components of the university. However, problems for married women with children f'",~/ __ the new system of organization in the returning to graduate education indicated Cathy Sullivan, Dr. Dorothy Brown, and Wayne Lord discuss the problems of Graduate School, provided by Dean Herz- that most of the problems are the same, i.e. opportunities available to women in higher education. Friday. February 28.1975 GRADUATE CONSERVATOR Page 5 Grad Goals: Humanistic Values

Panel members: DR. STEPHEN CHESTON Dr. Stephen Cheston, Assistant Dean of the Graduate School Introduction: Dr. Joseph Earley, Department of Dr. Cheston has a Ph.D. in history, and Chemistry his primary area of study is Soviet policy Mr. Richard Irish, Management Con in Lat I America. His interest is in the use sultant, The Trans Century Corporation of unofficial sources to gain insights into the Soviet decision-making processes and Combined with: the people who develop policy. In the Tower or in the Streets Of the advanced degrees the Masters is the least defined. There currently exists no Panel .nembers: standardization or even comprehensive Dr. Henry Veatch, Chairman, Depart enumeration of the goals of this degree. ment ofPhilosophy This situation particularly concerned Dr. Dr. David Goldfrank, Department of Cheston. History Statements: Students: Firmly convinced of the importance of Dennis Yaoorsky (Physiology) graduate education, Dr. Cheston states that Ann Marini (Biochemistry) within five years after a hypothetical Dan Whelton and Dennis Yavorsky participated in the discussion of the differences Dan Whelton (Government) Moderator termination of advanced studies a techno between the goals of graduate education. Bob Brown (History) logical society would stagnate. Graduate education is responsible for integrating and graduates and a university can indeed cease Goldfrank supported this opinion by generating knowledge and for the increased to exist if it loses support of the students," relating the medieval university to the competence of manpower. The rationale he said. Dr. Goldfrank also discussed present university. The early universities taught knowledge and values to people for graduate education is the development alternative methods of advanced education, of greater concentration, detail, objectivity such as the industrial feudalization Of who had to function in the streets of those and thoroughness of our perception of reality. Dr. Cheston noted a greater trend of Humanistic values must be a part graduate students away from academia and predicts that especially in the sciences, fewer graduate students will pursue teach of a program of advanced study ing careers. He stated that a student gains qualities from graduate education which Japan, but asserted that corporations times. He concluded by saying that the carry over into areas other than the major cannot do what the decentralized system university must continue to produce field of study and these increase the of the United States has done. "Little knowledgeable, value-oriented personnel. individual's stability in society. Dr. Thomas Edisons" outside of a corporation Cheston concluded by saying that for structure are still responsible for 50 per society to gain the greatest benefit from cent of the significant innovations today. DR. HENRY VEATCH graduate education, more flexibility on the Dr. Goldfrank stated that corporate uni Statements: part of the university and the student will versities such as Mobil Oil Co. are useful, be required in the future. but are not replacements for the traditional Dr. Veatch was concerned about the system. drive in universities to train for technical DR. DAVID GOLDFRANK The topic of flexibility in graduate expertise to the detriment of liberal education cropped up repeatedly in the education. Corporations training people for Statements: panel's discussion. Training "In the particular, narrow purposes indeed put the right people in the right work. However, he Dr. Stephen Cheston The panel topic assigned to Dr. Streets" was cited for a lack of flexibility Goldfrank was "In the Tower or in the in times of rapid change. The "Tower", the compared this situation to the Nazi Streets". Dr. Goidfrank opened his com university as in the cases of the University efficiency that was very successful in doing DR. JOSEPH EARLEY ments with the discussion of the survival of of Athens and the University of Florence, work, but was disastrous to humanity. In Georgetown as a university. "This univer for example, must remain the place to conceding the opinion that a goal of Introduction: sity depends upon the success of its leam to think broadly and intelligently. Dr. graduate education is to develop the expertise so necessary in a technological Dr. Earley is a professor of chemistry at society, Dr. Veatch warned of dehumaniz Georgetown, who relishes quoting Latin ing education and the consequences of the and Greek phrases and using parables and loss of moral quality in individuals with metaphors, and believes in the intrinsic advanced degrees. value of knowledge above practical justifi. cations for basic research. When asked Open Discussion: Goals of Graduate about the qualities sought in a prospective Education: Theory or Practice graduate student, Dr. Earley listed eoopera In the Tower or in the Streets tion, independence, congruent interests The conversation centered around two between professor and student, and talent. topics. The first was that theory can be Statements: applied to practice more easily than practice to theory. The second was the The thrust of Professor Earley's state concern for the departure from a diverse ments concerned Georgetown in particular. background in the graduate student popu Though all universities have felt a money lation. Overspecialization of study was seen crunch, he asserted that Georgetown to be a mistake from both points. University is not impoverished and can Technical or "street practice" training afford to train quality theoreticians as rapidly becomes obsolete and lacks flexibi opposed to "nuts and bolts" technicians. lity to adapt to changing circumstances. He described a balance of theory and General agreement was expressed that a practice, but restated the superiority of conceptual level of understanding was the concepts over empiricism in graduate real goal of graduate education. It was also education. agreed on that a fundamental property of In the reorganization of University graduate education is a basis in humanistic departments Dr. Earley favoted the values, with the development of expertise method of informed student choices over a in a field of major study. centralized system of planning the indivi The panel expressed opinions on the dual's major field of graduate study. With reasons for a university's existence, with no good information and counseling available, concrete agreement on a hierarchy. One the student is in the best position to was the search for new knowledge as a determine the direction of advanced study. basic function of the university. Another The concern is that certain propams in the was the responsibility of the university to universities would become dependent upon produce competent people to function "in capricious factors (such as politics and the the streets." Humanistic values must be economy) under a dominant, centralized part of a program of advanced study. The system and that graduate education would agreement was reached that both of these suffer long.term consequences for short qualities must be inherent in the university term benefits. Dr. Henly B. Veateb of the future. Page 6 GRADUATE CONSERVATOR Friday, February 28,1975

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