Evolution Ofgreen Textiles in the Aeronautic Industry: Anexploratory Literature Review Natalia Moreira, Daoud Aït-Kadi, Luis Antonio De Santa-Eulalia
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Evolution ofgreen textiles in the aeronautic industry: anexploratory literature review Natalia Moreira, Daoud Aït-Kadi, Luis Antonio de Santa-Eulalia To cite this version: Natalia Moreira, Daoud Aït-Kadi, Luis Antonio de Santa-Eulalia. Evolution ofgreen textiles in the aeronautic industry: anexploratory literature review. 9th International Conference of Modeling, Opt- mization and Simulation – MOSIM’12 “Performance, interoperability and safety for sustainable de- velopment”, Jun 2012, Bordeaux, France. hal-01505060 HAL Id: hal-01505060 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01505060 Submitted on 10 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 9th InternationalMOSIM’12 Conference – Juneof Modeling, 06-08, 2012Optmization – Bordeaux and Simulation - France – MOSIM‟12 June 06-08, 2012 – Bordeaux – France “Performance, interoperability and safety for sustainable development” Evolution ofgreen textiles in the aeronautic industry: anexploratory literature review Natalia Moreira Daoud Aït-Kadi Luis Antoniode Santa-Eulalia Politecnico di Torino Université Laval University of Campinas 178, Corso Settembrini 1065, Avenue de la Médecine 1300, Rua Pedro Zaccaria 10135 – Torino, Italy G1V 0A6 – Québec City, 13484-350 – Campinas, natalia.guimaraesmoreira@stude Canada Brazil nti.polito.it [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Currently, the „eco‟ product development process isbased on a diverse range of methodologies, from Life Cycle Assessments to Product-service systems. These methodologies however face harder obstacles when introduced to certain industries. The textile industry is divided into a large set of expertise and can be applied in an even wider variety of products. It is known for its highly polluting dyes, short life-cycle and small concern with end of life, combined with the aeronautic CO2 production represents a clear threat to the environment, but it also represents opportunities. Large companies such as AirBus, Boeing, Bombardier and Embraer, have set environmental forecast for the next thirty years in which they propose new developments to reduce their menace. This paper provides an evaluation of the current state of art for the textile development within ecological standards. KEYWORDS Optimization; design; textiles; aeronautic; sustainable products development. 1. INTRODUCTION According to the European Commission, since 1990 the common greenhouse gas emission (GHGE), in Europe, Aviation is definitely not the biggest contributor to grew 87%. McCollum et al. (2009) add that 3% of the climate change by far, however if its rapid growth total GHGE produced in the world comes from aviation continues without stronger environmental improvement, and marine transportation. McCollum et al. (2009) also then it may offset the improvements made by other predicts that the projections for CO2 emissions from global aviation are estimated at 3.1 percent per year over industries. Aviation still emits large volumes of CO2 each year, and whilst only being 2% of overall global the next 40 years, resulting in a 300% increase in production it still amounts to an additional 670,000,000 emissions by 2050. Studies claim that domestic flights tonnes in a year, that volume has doubled since 1990 and contribute with 257 g/km CO2 per passenger of emission. is predicted to more than double again by 2025 to 1480,000,000 tonnes. There are also other pollutants such Directly associated to the economic situation the aviation as NOX created by inefficiencies in combustion that industry felt a strong deterioration out of the crisis, cause other environmental damage. Some of these having its international passenger traffic falling by 4.6%, pollutants damage the ozone layer that shields us from as announced by the International Air Transport harmful radiation. These pollutants are even stronger in Association - IATA. The slump continued in 2009. In their impact because they are released at high altitudes. March, IATA said that the airline industry‟s losses could Scientists predict in different research that the total amount to US$2.5 billion during the course of the year, warming impact of aviation‟s emissions can be as traffic dropped by about 3%. However, at the end of multiplied anywhere between 1.9 and 2.7 times, or even 2009, Airbus had a total order backlog of almost 3,500 more in some scenarios, to estimate their true impact aircraft and an order book worth US$437 billion. By (Green aviation, 2011). contrast, Boeing‟s aircraft orders tumbled by 79% to 142 MOSIM’12 – June 06-08, 2012 – Bordeaux - France amid the worst travel slump since World War II. Profit creation, can be seen as a combination between plummeted 51% to US$1.3 billion. technological artefacts based in functional parameters selected, not only by the designer, but also by the user On the other hand, economically, the years of 2008 and and the environment in which it will be inserted. 2009 were marked by the economic recession which spread widely throughout the world. Highly decreasing Throughout the world companies and associations, like population wealth and leading countries to breakage, but, the AFRA - Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association, such a crisis also led to a visible increase in the concerned with the end of life asset management as well investments and interest towards the green economy. as the recovery, disassembly, transportation and reconstruction of non-functional crafts. According to the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) for the private sector, the transition into a According to the English company Air Salvage greener approach towards new developments and International (ASI), 70% of an aircraft can be recycled if innovationswould involve responding to new policy properly handled, and only 20% of the remaining 30 are reforms, incentives given by the government after the currently being disposed properly, referring to the financial crisis; as well as to a constantly more informed composite materials (fiberglass, polyester, polyamide, and ecologically concerned consumer, taking thus carbon fibres, etc). The only part of the airplane which is advantage of opportunities arising from a green economy sold fully and, in most cases, will regain their utility, are (Dalkmann and Sakamoto, 2011). the engines, they represent 80% of the cost of the aircraft and are often re-bought by its producer. The present market environment is based on a tripod, balancing between consumption, capital and work cost, This article was developed from the absence of a and indispensable social growth. Nevertheless, for a previous literature review on the use and development of sustainable growth there is a higher need for it to ecologically forwarded textiles in the aeronautic industry equilibrate environmental, social and economic needs. and intends tocontribute to pave the way towards closing this research gap. It was in this context that the Eco-design concept was created, integrating the environmental demands to the The article is organized into four sections. Starting with development of new products with the main objective of an introduction on the discussed subject in Section 1, it decreasing the quantity of solid remains, inserting this passes to a review,in Section 2,of the published literature, concern into the conception process. Integrated into the explaining the current situation of eco-design and the designer‟s practices and tools, eco-design provides more aviation industry, which are the textiles taken into space for innovation and creativity within the industrial consideration and how they are applied in an aircraft. environment. Thus being a new opportunity for Afterwards the research gaps are exposed in Section 3 in differentiation and a future competitive factor (Riopel et order to better understand the aims of the paper, followed al., 2011). by Section 4 were the used methodology and research difficulties are explained.Finalized by the conclusion and As the seventh goal of the Millennium Development future projects in Section 4. Goals, the insurance of the environmental sustainability, is an important asset for the development of an economy 2. LITERATURE REVIEW but it is still not tangible in every industry. Companies such as Airbus publish their Global Market Forecast 2.1. The aeronautic industry profile (GMF) for the next 19 years (2010/29), which predict the production of more than 25 thousand new aircrafts and In the past decade, air travel has grown by 7% per year. the recycle and conversion of over 5 thousand of the Travel for both business and leisure purposes grew older crafts; finally, the number of retirements, will reach strongly worldwide. In the leisure market, the availability 9.240 aircrafts in the declared period. of larger aircrafts made it convenient and affordable for people to travel further to new and exotic destinations. Morelli (2003) claims that a more ecological approach Governments in developing countries realized the towards products development is a challenge as it not benefits of tourism to their national economies and only