Inventory of Coastal Areas of Local Or Regional Significance in the Taranaki Region
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Inventory of coastal areas of local or regional significance in the Taranaki region Summary and discussion Taranaki Regional Council Private Bag 713 Stratford January 2004 Executive summary • The purpose of this report is to summarise key facts on the ‘state’ and pressures affecting public use of and access to areas identified in the Inventory of Coastal Areas of Local or Regional Significance in the Taranaki Region (‘the Inventory’). National issues and initiatives of relevance to coastal use and access are also discussed. • The Inventory identifies coastal areas in Taranaki that have local or regionally significant values. The Inventory describes these values, presents information on land tenure and provides a rating of the status of public access to these sites as excellent, good or poor. • The Taranaki region has a long 263-kilometre coastline comprising of stunning vistas with beautiful sea and landscapes, beaches and sites of natural, historical or recreational interest. • Sixty-nine sites have been identified in an Inventory of Coastal Areas of Local or Regional Significance as having local or regionally significant values including scenic, amenity, recreational, ecological, cultural and historical values. Collectively these areas represent 33% of the Taranaki coastline. • Over 95% of the coastal areas of local or regional significance identified in the Inventory are wholly or partly publicly owned. • Forty (or 58%) of the coastal areas of local or regional significance identified in the Inventory have good or excellent public access while 29 (or 42%) of the sites were rated as having poor public access. • Four factors are identified as limiting coastal public access. These being physical constraints, the need to safeguard associated values, lack of legal access and poorly defined legal access. • For two of the limiting factors – physical constraints and areas where public use can degrade the values associated with the site – little can or should be done to promote coastal public access. Six (or 21%) of the coastal areas of local or regional significance having poor public access fall within these two categories. • For the two remaining limiting factors, these being lack of formal access or poorly defined public access, more could be done to improve public access. Twenty-three (or 79%) of the coastal areas of local or regional significance having poor public access fall within these two categories. Poorly defined legal access is the single most significant limiting factor (represents almost 45% of the coastal areas of local or regional significance having poor public access), followed by a lack of legal access (represents almost 35% of the coastal areas of local or regional significance having poor public access). • Taranaki, with its low overall population numbers and exposed coastline, has few development pressures threatening amenity and natural values. However, there is i increasing interest in residential and lifestyle development along parts of the Taranaki coastline particularly in and around Okato, Oakura, Omata and Bell Block. • There is often a perception that public access to the coast has diminished in recent times due to coastal subdivision. Changes in social conventions, ownership and landuses may have contributed to a loss of informal access (public access which is reliant upon the permission of the landholder) to the coast over time. However, coastal developments are often the means of providing legal access to the coast through the creation of esplanade strips and reserves. • There are currently a number of national issues and central government initiatives of interest to this Council in relation to coastal use and access. These include the promulgation of legislation relating to the ownership of the foreshore and Maori custodian rights to the coast, the review of public access to the coast (and other waterways), the review of the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement, the development of an Oceans Policy, and aquaculture reform. ii Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................................III LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. IV LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ IV 1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE ......................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 THE INVENTORY OF COASTAL AREAS OF LOCAL OR REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE...........................................1 1.3 SCOPE AND STRUCTURE ...............................................................................................................................2 2. BACKGROUND............................................................................................................................................3 2.1 STATUTORY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR MANAGING THE COAST.........................................................................3 2.1.1 Resource Management Act...................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Conservation Act and Reserves Act......................................................................................................4 2.1.3 Local Government Act..........................................................................................................................5 3. THE STATE OF THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT...............................................................................7 3.1 NATURAL, AMENITY AND HERITAGE VALUES...............................................................................................7 3.2 LAND TENURE..............................................................................................................................................9 3.3 PUBLIC ACCESS..........................................................................................................................................10 3.3.1 Physical constraints............................................................................................................................12 3.3.2 The need to avoid diminished values arising from public access.......................................................13 3.3.3 Lack of formal access .........................................................................................................................14 3.3.4 Poorly defined access.........................................................................................................................15 4. POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL PRESSURES ON THE COAST .............................................................17 4.1 URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................................17 4.2 SUBDIVISION..............................................................................................................................................18 4.3 COASTAL STRUCTURES AND OCCUPATION .................................................................................................20 4.4 CONFLICTING RECREATIONAL USE.............................................................................................................20 5. NATIONAL INITIATIVES........................................................................................................................23 5.1 GOVERNMENT PROPOSALS FOR THE FORESHORE AND SEABED...................................................................23 5.2 LAND ACCESS MINISTERIAL REFERENCE GROUP ......................................................................................23 5.3 NZ COASTAL POLICY STATEMENT ............................................................................................................24 5.4 REVIEW OF MARINE RESERVES ACT..........................................................................................................24 5.5 AQUACULTURE REFORM ............................................................................................................................25 5.6 OCEANS POLICY ........................................................................................................................................25 6. SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................................27 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................................29 APPENDIX I: SUMMARY OF COASTAL AREAS OF LOCAL OR REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ......31 APPENDIX II: SAMPLE SHEET FROM THE INVENTORY (EPIHA REEF) ..........................................37 APPENDIX III: TYPES OF RESERVES..........................................................................................................41 iii List of Tables Table 1: Values ranked as high in relation to coastal areas of local or regional significance .... 8 Table 2: Land