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Estudi Preliminar Dels Insectes I Altres Artròpodes a Les Codines Del Parc Natural De Sant Llorenç Del Munt I L’Obac

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Estudi Preliminar Dels Insectes I Altres Artròpodes a Les Codines Del Parc Natural De Sant Llorenç Del Munt I L’Obac Xarxa de Parcs Naturals de la Diputació de Barcelona ESTUDI PRELIMINAR DELS INSECTES I ALTRES ARTRÒPODES A LES CODINES DEL PARC NATURAL DE SANT LLORENÇ DEL MUNT I L’OBAC Brañas Valcárcel, N., Masó Ros, G., Mederos López, J. & Nel•lo i Andreu, M. Estudi 2010 Estudi preliminar dels insectes i altres artròpodes a les codines del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac Índex 1. INTRODUCCIÓ I OBJECTIUS .................................................................................................... 4 2. ÀREA D’ESTUDI ...................................................................................................................... 5 3. MATERIALS I MÈTODES .......................................................................................................... 6 4. RESULTATS........................................................................................................................... 10 4.1. RESULTATS PER PARCEL·LES D’ESTUDI ......................................................................... 11 4.2. FENOLOGIA .................................................................................................................. 14 4.3. GRUPS DESTACATS ....................................................................................................... 16 COLEOPTERA .................................................................................................................. 16 DIPTERA ............................................................................................................................ 19 MICROCORYPHIA ............................................................................................................ 24 PSOCOPTERA .................................................................................................................. 24 ARACHNIDA ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.4. ESPÈCIES D’INTERÈS FAUNÍSTIC .................................................................................... 28 5. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 31 6. AGRAÏMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 32 7. BIBLIOGRAFIA ...................................................................................................................... 33 8. ANNEX ................................................................................................................................. 35 2 Estudi preliminar dels insectes i altres artròpodes a les codines del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac ESTUDI PRELIMINAR DELS INSECTES I ALTRES ARTRÒPODES A LES CODINES DEL PARC NATURAL DE SANT LLORENÇ DEL MUNT I L’OBAC, BARCELONA, CATALUNYA Brañas Valcárcel, N., Masó Ros, G., Mederos López, J. & Nel·lo i Andreu, M. Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Laboratori de Natura, Departament d'Artròpodes. Passeig Picasso s/n, 08003, Barcelona RESUM En aquest treball s’estudia l’artropodofauna de les codines altes del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac i l’efecte que pot tenir la pressió humana sobre aquest gran grup biològic. L’estudi s’ha realitzat mitjançant un mostreig periòdic quinzenal des del mes de maig fins l’octubre de 2010. Es van triar dues grans àrees diferenciades en orientació i altitud, i en cada una d’aquestes àrees es van triar dues parcel·les amb diferent grau de degradació per la pressió humana. El mostreig, en cada una de les quatre parcel·les escollides, ha estat realitzat mitjançant trampes de caiguda o pitfalls i completat amb recol·lecció manual. També es van col·locar dues trampes d’intersecció de vol o Malaise en les dues parcel·les no trepitjades i just en els límits amb la vegetació adjacent. L’estudi aporta un llistat faunístic preliminar, però que constitueix una novetat en quant al coneixement de l’artropodofauna associada a aquest particular ecosistema, mostra un primer anàlisi de la seva composició i algunes dades d’aspectes fenològics i biològics de gran interès naturalista. S’aporten, també, dades novedoses d’interès faunístic i geogràfic que representen una ampliació de la informació d’algunes de les espècies observades. Sobre l’efecte de la pressió humana, en aquest estudi, no s’ha observat, per ara, que existeixi una correlació negativa significativa entre el grau d’antropització de les parcel·les i el nombre de tàxons i la quantitat d’exemplars recol·lectats. Aquest estudi, doncs, representa un estudi preliminar i global per poder posteriorment focalitzar-nos en tàxons concrets, que depenguin exclusivament dels recursos de la codina i que puguin servir com a bons bioindicadors del seu estat de degradació. PARAULES CLAU: artròpodes, codina, antropització, biodiversitat, bioindicador, espècies d’interès faunístic, Sant Llorenç del Munt. 3 Estudi preliminar dels insectes i altres artròpodes a les codines del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac 1. INTRODUCCIÓ I OBJECTIUS Aquest treball forma part d’un projecte més ampli que té per objectiu estudiar amb caràcter multidisciplinari l’efecte de la pressió humana a l’ecosistema de codines del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac. Estudi coordinat, organitzat i finançat per la Xarxa de Parcs Naturals de la Diputació de Barcelona. Quant a l’ecosistema de Codina, no tenim dades d’estudis específics dedicats als artròpodes que hi viuen, és un ecosistema molt poc estudiat també per a altres grups biològics. Les poques dades que tenim d’artròpodes, fan referència de forma genèrica a l’espai natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i Serra de l’Obac. Aquest fet fa que l’estudi sigui molt estimulant però alhora força complex, ja que no es sap si hi ha grups taxonòmics que depenguin exclusivament dels recursos de les codines. Aquests grups serien realment els que ens podrien servir de bioindicadors de l’estat de degradació d’aquest ecosistema. Per aquest motiu, l’exercici del 2010 ha estat un estudi preliminar i global per posteriorment focalitzar-nos en els tàxons més dependents de les codines. L’estudi aporta un llistat faunístic preliminar, però que constitueix una novetat en quant al coneixement de l’artropodofauna associada a aquest particular ecosistema, mostra un primer anàlisi de la seva composició i algunes dades d’aspectes fenològics i biològics de gran interès naturalista. Cal dir, també, que la gran diversitat de grups i la densitat elevada de les poblacions són dues característiques pròpies dels artròpodes que en dificulten l’estudi. Un mètode de mostreig, com és la utilització de trampes de caiguda (pitfall), proporciona un nombre elevat d’exemplars que pertanyen a una gran quantitat d’espècies de molts grups diferents. Recollir, separar i sobretot determinar a nivell d’espècie tots els artròpodes és una tasca complexa per a uns pocs investigadors. És per aquest motiu que alguns grups biològics se’ls tracta amb nivells taxonòmics alts, deixant per a estudis posteriors l’aproximació fins a nivell d’espècie. Els objectius d’aquest estudi són: Elaborar un llistat preliminar de la biodiversitat d’insectes i altres artròpodes a les codines altes del Parc Natural. Avaluar l’efecte de l’antropització a les codines altes, mitjançant l’estudi comparatiu de la biodiversitat i de l’abundància dels insectes i d’altres artròpodes, en diferents parcel·les de Codina. Obtenir dades d’interès faunístic i biològic, útils com a eines per a una futura gestió de la conservació d’aquest hàbitat. 4 Estudi preliminar dels insectes i altres artròpodes a les codines del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac 2. ÀREA D’ESTUDI Les codines de conglomerat són una part important del paisatge del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac. Són afloraments de roca plana o amb poca inclinació on la vegetació no arriba a formar cobertes importants. Es troben per sobre dels 500 m fins als cims, de poc més de 1.000 m. Aquests conglomerats daten de l’eocè-oligocè i són d’origen deltaic. En el Montcau els conglomerats es troben constituïts per clastes heteromètrics de naturalesa molt variada. Hi ha un predomini de les pissarres i les calcàries, encara que no són rars els còdols de quars i de gresos. La coloració dels conglomerats ens revela un aspecte important de cara al modelat del relleu; els de color grisenc són fortament carbonatats, més durs i resistents a l’erosió, i els més rogencs i de matriu argilosa són més fàcilment erosionables. Els estrats de conglomerats presenten intercalacions de capes de gresos i lutites de color vermell, inferiors a un metre de potència i estan afectats per un lleuger embussament d’uns 10 graus al nord-oest. El Montcau es troba separat de la resta de la carena de Sant Llorenç per una falla que passa pel coll d’Eres (Pérez, 2007). La comunitat de plantes vasculars més característica d’aquests ambients és l’Erodio- Arenarietum conimbricensis (A. et O. Bolòs, 1950), descrita per primera vegada del camí de l’Obac i del Montcau. Aquesta comunitat presenta el seu desenvolupament òptim a les codines de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac segons Lapraz (1974), i està dominada per teròfits que aprofiten l’estació humida de l’any per completar el seu cicle en poques setmanes, abans que arribi l’estació seca (Braun-Blanquet & Bolòs, 1950). Destaquen la menuda Arenaria conimbricensis subsp. conimbricensis que a la primavera cobreix les codines de milions de petites flors blanques, i també l’Erodium foetidum subsp. glandulosum, conegut
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