Study on Supply of Available Tourist Services and Tourist Potential in Cross-Border Region
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This project is funded by the European Union CROSS‐BORDER COOPERATION PROGRAMME Beyond Borders – Introducing Smart Tourism and Sharing Economy Study on Supply of Available Tourist Services and Tourist Potential in Cross-Border Region 'This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Institute for Research in Environment, Civil Engineering and Energy and Biologists of Albania and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union' Contents 1 INTRODUCTORY NOTES ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Introduction of the Project ............................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................ 10 1.3 Methodlogy ................................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Research Activities ..................................................................................................................... 11 2 TOURIST-GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION AND CONNECTION OF THE CBC REGION ........... 12 2.1 Geographic position .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Geographical features ................................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Conections ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Tourist position ........................................................................................................................... 17 4 FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE CBC REGION .................................. 19 4.1 Natural attractiveness .................................................................................................................. 21 4.2 Demographic and socioeconomic factors ................................................................................... 44 4.3 Types of settlements and their characteristics ............................................................................. 50 4.4 Cultural-historical and archaeological heritage .......................................................................... 60 4.5 Religious factors ......................................................................................................................... 76 4.6 Other factors ................................................................................................................................ 76 5 ANALYSES OF THE SURVEY OF AVAILABLE TOURIST SERVICES AND TOURIST POTENTIAL IN THE CBC REGION .................................................................................................. 82 5.1 Needs and overall satisfaction of tourists from the current accommodation offer ..................... 83 5.2 Needs and offer of local traditional food and their preparation .................................................. 88 5.3 Needs of tourists and disadvantages of tourist offers .................................................................. 90 5.4 Assessment of the infrastructure in the region ............................................................................ 97 5.5 Marketing activities and its effectiveness ................................................................................... 99 5.6 Use of electronic commerce ........................................................................................................ 99 5.7 Quality and price of services ..................................................................................................... 101 5.8 Life-cycle of tourism services and products ............................................................................. 104 5.9 Defining future priorities .......................................................................................................... 105 6 TYPES OF TOURISM ACCORDING TO THE POTENTIALS OF CBC REGION .................... 106 6.1 Activity, adventure and sports tourism ..................................................................................... 106 6.2 Cultural tourism (heritage and festival/event tourism) ............................................................. 113 6.3 Health and wellness tourism .................................................................................................... 119 6.4 Religious or spiritual tourism .................................................................................................... 120 6.5 Nature‐based tourism (wildlife, wilderness, rural and environmental tourism) ...................... 121 Study on supply of available tourist services and tourist potential in Cross-border region 2 6.6 Culinary or Gastronomic tourism .............................................................................................. 124 7 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE LOCAL TOURISM POTENTIALS ................................................ 126 8 CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATION ................................................................................ 132 9 LITERATURE ................................................................................................................................. 137 Study on supply of available tourist services and tourist potential in Cross-border region 3 List of figures Figure 1 Methodology to quantify and qualify the tourist services and to quantify tourism potential ...................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2 Equivalent regions and municipalities which are part of this project ........... 14 Figure 3 Infrastructure connections of the Cross-border region .................................. 16 Figure 5 Main factors influencing tourism development ............................................. 20 Figure 6 Mount Korab, Debar ...................................................................................... 22 Figure 7 Mount Korabi, Dibra ..................................................................................... 23 Figure 8 Mavrovo Ski Centre ...................................................................................... 24 Figure 9 Mountain Bistra ............................................................................................. 24 Figure 10 Ohrid Lake and Galicica .............................................................................. 26 Figure 11 Kalaja e Dodës ............................................................................................. 28 Figure 12 Lura .............................................................................................................. 31 Figure 13 Lura National Park ...................................................................................... 31 Figure 14 Ohrid Lake ................................................................................................... 35 Figure 15 Ostrovo Lake ............................................................................................... 36 Figure 16 Vevcani springs ........................................................................................... 37 Figure 17 Debar Lake .................................................................................................. 38 Figure 18 Mavrovo Lake ............................................................................................. 39 Figure 19 Black Lake ................................................................................................... 40 Figure 20 Flower Lake ................................................................................................. 41 Figure 22 Total tourism contribution to GDP 2014 (in %) .......................................... 77 Figure 23 Contribution to GDP 2014 (per inhabitant, USD) ....................................... 77 Figure 24 Total tourism contribution to employment in 2014 (in %) .......................... 78 Figure 25 Tourism employment 2008 - 2014 .............................................................. 78 Figure 26 Tourism contribution to GDP 2017 (in %) .................................................. 79 Figure 27 Contribution of travel and tourism to employment (% of GDP) ................. 80 Figure 28 Question: What kind of accommodation do the domestic visitors prefer ? (answers of tourist providers from the east part of the border region) .................................... 83 Figure 29 Question: What kind of accommodation do the domestic visitors prefer ? (answers of local agencies’ representatives from the west part of the border region) ............. 84 Study on supply of available tourist services and tourist potential in Cross-border region 4 Figure 30 Question: What kind of accommodation do the foreign visitors prefer ? (answers of tourist providers from the east part of the border region) .................................... 84 Figure 31 Question: What kind of accommodation do the foreign visitors prefer ? (answers of local agencies’ representatives from the west part of the border region) ............. 85 Figure 32 Question: Rate the priorities of foreign visitors according to your experience: (answers of tourist providers from the east part of the border region) ....... 86 Figure 33 Question: Rate