Evolution of the Indian IT Market: The Virtues of Intelligent Design

Jeff Gould March 2010

Peerstone Research & OpenMainframe (www.openmainframe.org) Evolution, not always intelligent

2 How evolution can go wrong

3 What is a stack?

Application

Operating System

Processor

4 What is a stack? (examples)

Application: SAP, Oracle, custom Java, .Net, COBOL...

Operating System: , , Windows, z/OS…

Processor: Intel/AMD x64, IBM Power, Sun SPARC, IBM z10…

5 What stacks really look like

SftSoftware Vendor IBM Sun Oracle BEA SAP Microsoft Open Source

•Dynamics •SugarCRM, •3rd party •Oracle •3rd party •Exchange Compiere ERP, packages •PSFT, SEBL... •3rd party •SAP Applications packages •3rd party Alfresco CMS... •Custom •3rd party packages •Partners •Custom Java packages •Closed source •Legacy packages •Custom apps •ORCL & DB2 •Oracle DB •SAP BW •IBM DB2 •SQL Server •MySQL •Hyperion, •3rd party DB •Business •Pentaho, BI & DW •Cognos •MS BI tools possible Siebel •3rd party BI Objects JasperSoft •3rd party BI •3rd party BI •3rd party BI •3rd party BI •3rd party BI •Java •Java, PHP, •ABAP •Java •JDeveloper Ruby •Java •#, Visual •PHP, Ruby, Developer •Java •NetBeans •Eclipse •Workshop •Proprietary Basic Java, Perl, Tools •Eclipse •Eclipse •PL/SQL & •Eclipse SAP •Visual Studio Python… Forms •C++ (Tuxedo) •Eclipse Integration •SeeBeyond •.Net •Mule ESB , Middleware •WebSphere •Java •Fusion •Netweaver extensions •AquaLogic Java (SOA, BPM, family Enterprise middleware family •BizTalk frameworks… Portals,) System Server •JBoss, Application •WebLogic Glassfish, •WebSphere •Glassfish •Oracle AS •Netweaver •.Net Server •Tuxedo Tomcat,,y, Ruby, PHP •Oracle •Oracle •MySQL •MySQL •SQL Server •SQL Server •Postgres, Database •DB2 •Oracle •Oracle •SQL Server •MySQL •DB2 EnterpriseDB •DB2 •Sybase •Sybase •Ingres •AIX •Linux •Solaris, AIX, •Windows •Linux •Solaris •Solaris, AIX, HP-UX •Solaris, AIX, •Windows •Linux Server OS •Windows •Linux HP-UX •Windows HP-UX Server •BSD •MF & iSeries •Windows •Linux •Linux Source: Peerstone Research, copyright Peerstone Research 2009 (■ = vendor's own) 6 What is a stack? Vendor Point of View

(a monolith) 7 How a stack becomes a monolith

User Lock‐in → ↓ User Interface Application Lock‐in → ↓ API Operating System Lock‐in → ↓ Instruction Set Processor

Lock-in = forced vertical integration among stack layers

8 What is a stack? Customer Point of View

((pa marketplace of interoppp,erable pieces, infinitely recombinable) 9 How a stack becomes a marketplace

User Interface User Interface Application A competes with Application B

↓↓ API API Operating System A competes with Operating System B

↓ ↓ Instruction Set Instruction Set Processor A competes with Processor B

10 Marketplace ≠ Disorder

• A marketplace might look chaotic, but there is a hidden order

• … the order of the “invisible hand ”

• In other words, markets can handle coordination tasks…

• More specifically, integration is a marketable service that adds value to components in a multi-vendor stack

• AiA singl e-vendor monolithi c st ack i s not th e only answer tthto the coordination problem…

11 Moore’s Law: more & more…

Mainframe Max Fab Clock Equivalent Processor Transistors Typical OS Cores Process GHz MIPS (1-way)

IBM z10 4 65 nm 991 million 4.4 z/OS, Linux 920

Windows Server, Intel Xeon XE (Beckton) 8 45 nm 2.3 billion 2.66 1107 Linux, Solaris

Sun UltraSPARC T3 16 45 nm 1 billion 1.67 Solaris, Linux 1389

IBM Power7 8 45 nm 1.2 billion 3-4.14 AIX, Linux 1722

AMD Opteron Windows Server, 12 45 nm 2.3 billion 3.2 1997 (Magny-Cours) Linux, Solaris

12 Intel Nehalem EX 8-core

13