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Annex 1: Basis for Figures in Fact Sheets 121 1 Background Document concerning Techniques for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations Offshore Industry Series Offshore 2013 OSPAR Convention Convention OSPAR The Convention for the Protection of the La Convention pour la protection du milieu Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic marin de l'Atlantique du Nord-Est, dite (the “OSPAR Convention”) was opened for Convention OSPAR, a été ouverte à la signature at the Ministerial Meeting of the signature à la réunion ministérielle des former Oslo and Paris Commissions in Paris anciennes Commissions d'Oslo et de Paris, on 22 September 1992. The Convention à Paris le 22 septembre 1992. La Convention entered into force on 25 March 1998. The est entrée en vigueur le 25 mars 1998. Contracting Parties are Belgium, Denmark, the Les Parties contractantes sont l'Allemagne, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, la Belgique, le Danemark, l’Espagne, la Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finlande, la France, l’Irlande, l’Islande, le Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland Luxembourg, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas, le and the United Kingdom. Portugal, le Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord, la Suède, la Suisse et l’Union européenne. OSPAR Commission, 2013: Background Document concerning Techniques for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Executive Summary 4 Récapitulatif 6 1. Introduction 7 2. References 120 Annex 1: Basis for figures in fact sheets 121 1. Model situations 121 2. Cost figures 122 Table 1 List of potential measures for the removal of heavy metals, dissolved oil, dispersed oil and offshore chemicals from produced water 9 Table 2 Examples of techniques that are currently available or emerging for the treatment of produced water from offshore oil and gas installations as part of a BAT/BEP solution 11 Table A - 1:Table down hole oil-water separation (DHS) - oil 13 Table A - 2: Down Hole Oil-Water Separation (DHS) - gas 15 Table A - 3: Mechanical water shut off 17 Table A - 4: Chemical Water Shut off 19 Table A - 5: Stainless steel tubing, flow lines, pipelines 21 Table A - 6: Insulation of pipe lines 23 Table A - 7: Coalescing Pump (Coalescer / Separator) 25 Table B - 1: Overhead vapour combustion (OVC) 28 Table B - 2: Fluid from condensor to production separator 30 contents Table B - 3: Alternative methods of gas drying 32 Table B - 4: Macro porous polymer extraction (MPPE) (partial flow) 34 Table B - 5: Steam stripping (partial flow) 36 Table B - 6: High pressure water condensate separator 38 Table B - 7: Methanol recovery unit 40 Table B - 8: Labyrinth type choke valve 42 Table B - 9: Twister supersonic separator 44 Table C - 1: Skimmer tank 46 Table C - 2: Produced water re-injection (PWRI) 48 Table C - 3: Dissolved gas/induced gas flotation (DGF/IGF) 50 Table C - 4: Plate interceptors (PPI/CPI) 52 Table C - 5: Hydrocyclones 54 Table C - 6: Macro porous polymer extraction (MPPE) (end stream) 56 Table C - 7: Centrifuge 61 Table C - 8: Steam stripping (end flow) 63 Table C - 9: Adsorption filters 65 Table C - 10: Membrane filtration 67 Table C - 11: V-Tex 69 Table C - 12: Filter coalescer 71 Table C - 13: Ctour process system 73 Table C - 14: In Vessel Coalescence Technology for Improved Performance of Deoiling Hydrocyclones 76 Table C - 15: Compact Flotation Unit (CFU) Separation process 80 3 OSPAR Commission, 2013: Background Document concerning Techniques for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table C - 16: Condensate induced extraction 85 Table C - 17: Tail shaped pre-coalescer 88 Table C - 18: Advanced Oxidation Process 91 Table C - 19: Screen (Cartridge Type) Coalescing Technique 94 Table C - 20: TwinZapp 96 Table C - 21: Fibra Cartridge 99 Table C - 22: Pertraction 102 Table C - 23: Ion Exchange 104 Table C - 24: Oxidation, Vertech 106 Table C - 25: Oxidation, Hydrogen Peroxide 108 Table C - 26: Oxidation, Ozone Treatment 109 Table C - 27: Oxidation, Electron Beam 111 Table C - 28: Oxidation, Sonolysis 113 Table C - 29: Oxidation, KMnO4 115 Table C - 30: Oxidation, Photocatalytic Oxidation 116 Table C - 31: Oxidation, Plasma 118 4 OSPAR Commission, 2013: Background Document concerning Techniques for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Executive Summary This background document is related to OSPAR Recommendation 2001/1 for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations and to OSPAR Recommendation 2012/5 for a risk-based approach to the Management of Produced Water Discharges from Offshore Installations. It contains brief descriptions of principles, basic elements and operational aspects of techniques which may be applied on offshore installations for the treatment of produced water. An overview of various techniques for the removal of heavy metals, dissolved oil, dispersed oil and offshore chemicals from produced water is presented in Table 1. For a number of techniques that are currently available or emerging for the treatment of produced water from offshore oil and gas installations as part of a BAT/BEP solution, fact sheets are presented. A short description of principles, basic elements, operational aspects and other factors relating to each type of these systems is presented in the tables A – 1 to C – 14. An overview of the techniques for which fact sheets have been prepared is presented in Table 2. This table contains examples of techniques that are currently available or emerging for the treatment of produced water from offshore oil and gas installations as part of a BAT/BEP solution. Although the physical and chemical principles of techniques described are generally applicable, the technical and economical features mentioned in the current version of this background document draw mainly on experience principally of operations in OSPAR Region II (Greater North Sea).The validity of the cost and technical data is therefore limited, and this should be taken into account when evaluating the applicability of techniques in other areas and in other circumstances. It is the intention that this background document be revised to update the data as experiences with these techniques increase. Furthermore this background document is intended to be updated regularly in order to allow for the inclusion of descriptions of new techniques when these emerge. 5 OSPAR Commission, 2013: Background Document concerning Techniques for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Récapitulatif Le présent document de fond concerne la Recommandation OSPAR 2001/1, sur la gestion de l’eau de production des installations offshore et la Recommandation OSPAR 2012/5 sur une approche basée sur le risque pour la gestion des rejets d’eau de production provenant des installations offshore. Il décrit brièvement les principes, les éléments de base et les aspects opérationnels des techniques susceptibles d’être appliquées à bord des installations offshore pour le traitement de l’eau de production. Une vue d’ensemble des diverses techniques d’élimination des métaux lourds, des hydrocarbures dissous, des hydrocarbures dispersés et des produits chimiques d’offshore provenant de l’eau de production est présentée au tableau 1. Pour plusieurs des techniques disponibles ou émergentes pour le traitement de l’eau de production des installations pétrolières et gazières en offshore, à titre de partie intégrante des BAT/BEP, des fiches de caractéristiques sont présentées. Une brève description des principes, des éléments de base, des aspects opérationnels et d’autres facteurs concernant chacun des types de ces systèmes est donnée aux tableaux A – 1 à C – 14. Une synthèse des techniques au titre desquelles des fiches de caractéristiques ont été dressées est présentée au tableau 2. Ce tableau donne des exemples des techniques disponibles ou émergentes pour le traitement de l’eau de production des installations pétrolières et gazières en offshore, à titre de partie intégrante des BAT/BEP. Bien que les principes physico-chimiques des techniques décrites soient généralement applicables, les caractéristiques techniques et économiques mentionnées dans la version actuelle du présent document de fond sont pour l’essentiel fondées sur l’expérience principalement acquise dans les opérations dans la région II d’OSPAR (mer du nord au sens large). De ce fait même, la validité des données de coût et des données techniques est limitée, ce point devant être pris en compte lorsque l’on juge de l’applicabilité des techniques dans d’autres régions et dans d’autres circonstances. Il est prévu de revenir sur ce document de fond pour mettre à jour les données lorsque les expériences avec ces techniques auront été acquises. De plus, il est prévu d’actualiser régulièrement le présent document de fond afin d’y intégrer des descriptions des nouvelles techniques au fur et à mesure qu’elles apparaîtront. 6 OSPAR Commission, 2013: Background Document concerning Techniques for the Management of Produced Water from Offshore Installations ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The planning and management
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