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Money Market Fund Glossary
MONEY MARKET FUND GLOSSARY 1-day SEC yield: The calculation is similar to the 7-day Yield, only covering a one day time frame. To calculate the 1-day yield, take the net interest income earned by the fund over the prior day and subtract the daily management fee, then divide that amount by the average size of the fund's investments over the prior day, and then multiply by 365. Many market participates can use the 30-day Yield to benchmark money market fund performance over monthly time periods. 7-Day Net Yield: Based on the average net income per share for the seven days ended on the date of calculation, Daily Dividend Factor and the offering price on that date. Also known as the, “SEC Yield.” The 7-day Yield is an industry standard performance benchmark, measuring the performance of money market mutual funds regulated under the SEC’s Rule 2a-7. The calculation is performed as follows: take the net interest income earned by the fund over the last 7 days and subtract 7 days of management fees, then divide that amount by the average size of the fund's investments over the same 7 days, and then multiply by 365/7. Many market participates can use the 7-day Yield to calculate an approximation of interest likely to be earned in a money market fund—take the 7-day Yield, multiply by the amount invested, divide by the number of days in the year, and then multiply by the number of days in question. For example, if an investor has $1,000,000 invested for 30 days at a 7-day Yield of 2%, then: (0.02 x $1,000,000 ) / 365 = $54.79 per day. -
Secondary Market Trading Infrastructure of Government Securities
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Balogh, Csaba; Kóczán, Gergely Working Paper Secondary market trading infrastructure of government securities MNB Occasional Papers, No. 74 Provided in Cooperation with: Magyar Nemzeti Bank, The Central Bank of Hungary, Budapest Suggested Citation: Balogh, Csaba; Kóczán, Gergely (2009) : Secondary market trading infrastructure of government securities, MNB Occasional Papers, No. 74, Magyar Nemzeti Bank, Budapest This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/83554 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu MNB Occasional Papers 74. 2009 CSABA BALOGH–GERGELY KÓCZÁN Secondary market trading infrastructure of government securities Secondary market trading infrastructure of government securities June 2009 The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official view of the central bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank). -
Corporate Bonds and Debentures
Corporate Bonds and Debentures FCS Vinita Nair Vinod Kothari Company Kolkata: New Delhi: Mumbai: 1006-1009, Krishna A-467, First Floor, 403-406, Shreyas Chambers 224 AJC Bose Road Defence Colony, 175, D N Road, Fort Kolkata – 700 017 New Delhi-110024 Mumbai Phone: 033 2281 3742/7715 Phone: 011 41315340 Phone: 022 2261 4021/ 6237 0959 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.vinodkothari.com 1 Copyright & Disclaimer . This presentation is only for academic purposes; this is not intended to be a professional advice or opinion. Anyone relying on this does so at one’s own discretion. Please do consult your professional consultant for any matter covered by this presentation. The contents of the presentation are intended solely for the use of the client to whom the same is marked by us. No circulation, publication, or unauthorised use of the presentation in any form is allowed, except with our prior written permission. No part of this presentation is intended to be solicitation of professional assignment. 2 About Us Vinod Kothari and Company, company secretaries, is a firm with over 30 years of vintage Based out of Kolkata, New Delhi & Mumbai We are a team of qualified company secretaries, chartered accountants, lawyers and managers. Our Organization’s Credo: Focus on capabilities; opportunities follow 3 Law & Practice relating to Corporate Bonds & Debentures 4 The book can be ordered by clicking here Outline . Introduction to Debentures . State of Indian Bond Market . Comparison of debentures with other forms of borrowings/securities . Types of Debentures . Modes of Issuance & Regulatory Framework . -
Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery Lawrence A
Washington and Lee Law Review Volume 51 | Issue 3 Article 3 Summer 6-1-1994 Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery Lawrence A. Cunningham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr Part of the Securities Law Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence A. Cunningham, Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery, 51 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 843 (1994), https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol51/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Law Review at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Law Review by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery Lawrence A. Cunningham* L Introduction The once-venerable "efficient capital market hypothesis" (ECMH) crashed along with world capital markets in October 1987, but its resilience has nearly matched the resilience of those markets. Despite another market break in 1989, for example, the ECMH has continued to be reflexively heralded by numerous corporate and securities law scholars as an accurate account of public capital market behavior. Together with overwhelming evidence of excessive market volatility, however, these catastrophic market breaks revealed instinct infirmities m the ECMH that could hardly be shrugged off as mere anomalies. In response to the ECMH's eroding descriptive and prescriptive power, capital market theorists found in noise theory an auxiliary explanation for these otherwise inexplicable catastrophes. -
FEDERAL FUNDS Marvin Goodfriend and William Whelpley
Page 7 The information in this chapter was last updated in 1993. Since the money market evolves very rapidly, recent developments may have superseded some of the content of this chapter. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Richmond, Virginia 1998 Chapter 2 FEDERAL FUNDS Marvin Goodfriend and William Whelpley Federal funds are the heart of the money market in the sense that they are the core of the overnight market for credit in the United States. Moreover, current and expected interest rates on federal funds are the basic rates to which all other money market rates are anchored. Understanding the federal funds market requires, above all, recognizing that its general character has been shaped by Federal Reserve policy. From the beginning, Federal Reserve regulatory rulings have encouraged the market's growth. Equally important, the federal funds rate has been a key monetary policy instrument. This chapter explains federal funds as a credit instrument, the funds rate as an instrument of monetary policy, and the funds market itself as an instrument of regulatory policy. CHARACTERISTICS OF FEDERAL FUNDS Three features taken together distinguish federal funds from other money market instruments. First, they are short-term borrowings of immediately available money—funds which can be transferred between depository institutions within a single business day. In 1991, nearly three-quarters of federal funds were overnight borrowings. The remainder were longer maturity borrowings known as term federal funds. Second, federal funds can be borrowed by only those depository institutions that are required by the Monetary Control Act of 1980 to hold reserves with Federal Reserve Banks. -
Navigating the Municipal Securities Market Website
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION COMMISSION EXCHANGE AND SECURITIES U.S. The Securities and Exchange Commission, as a matter of policy, disclaims responsibility for any private publication or statement by any of its employees. The views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of the SEC, its Commissioners, or other members of the SEC’s staff. U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WHO WE ARE: MUNICIPAL SECURITIES MARKET REGULATORS SEC • Rules • Industry oversight • Enforcement • Examination IRS • Enforcement • Rules • Education • Market Leadership • Examination • Enforcement State Regulators • Examination • Examination • Enforcement • Enforcement (Broker-dealers) U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 2 • Primary Market Regulation Securities Act of 1933 What is the Legal Framework• Section 17(a) Anti-fraud for • Establishes the SEC Municipal Securities• Secondary? Market Regulation Securities Exchange Act • Section 10(b) Anti-fraud of 1934 • Rule 10b-5 • Section 15B Municipal Securities • Rule 15c2-12 Securities Acts • Establishes the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Amendments of 1975 Board (“MSRB”) • Prohibits the SEC and MSRB from requiring issuers Tower Amendment to register offerings and prohibits the MSRB from requiring issuer filings • Expands the SEC and MSRB’s jurisdiction and Dodd-Frank Act mission U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 3 WHY ARE WE HERE TODAY? To Bridge The Gap Between Officials In Municipalities That Infrequently Access The Municipal Bond Markets And to Provide Them With The Information They Need To Know Before Entering Into the Bond Market. We will cover: § Options for entering the bond market § Putting together your financial team § How to avoid fraud and abuse § Best practices U.S. -
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Algorithmic Trading Dissertation Dipl
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Algorithmic Trading Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) von der Fakult¨at fuer Wirtschaftwissenschaften des Karlsruher Instituts fuer Technologie genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl.-Phys. Jan Frankle¨ Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: ..........................07.12.2010 Referent: .......................................Prof. Dr. S.T. Rachev Korreferent: ......................................Prof. Dr. M. Feindt Erkl¨arung Ich versichere wahrheitsgem¨aß, die Dissertation bis auf die in der Abhandlung angegebene Hilfe selbst¨andig angefertigt, alle benutzten Hilfsmittel vollst¨andig und genau angegeben und genau kenntlich gemacht zu haben, was aus Arbeiten anderer und aus eigenen Ver¨offentlichungen unver¨andert oder mit Ab¨anderungen entnommen wurde. 2 Contents 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Objective ................................. 7 1.2 Approach ................................. 8 1.3 Outline................................... 9 I Theoretical Background 11 2 Mathematical Methods 12 2.1 MaximumLikelihood ........................... 12 2.1.1 PrincipleoftheMLMethod . 12 2.1.2 ErrorEstimation ......................... 13 2.2 Singular-ValueDecomposition . 14 2.2.1 Theorem.............................. 14 2.2.2 Low-rankApproximation. 15 II Algorthmic Trading 17 3 Algorithmic Trading 18 3 3.1 ChancesandChallenges . 18 3.2 ComponentsofanAutomatedTradingSystem . 19 4 Market Microstructure 22 4.1 NatureoftheMarket........................... 23 4.2 Continuous Trading -
Introduction How Primary Market Work How to Invest in Public Issues How
Beginner’s Guide to Capital Market - Primary Markets Introduction How Primary Market Work How to Invest in Public Issues How to Read Offer Document IPO Grading Credit Rating Message to Investors - 1 - 1. Introduction a. What is a primary market? Generally, the personal savings of the entrepreneur along with contributions from friends and relatives are pooled in to start new business ventures or to expand existing ones. However, this may not be feasible in the case of capital intensive or large projects as the entrepreneur (promoter) may not be able to bring in his share of contribution (equity), which may be sizable, even after availing term loan from Financial Institutions/Banks. Thus availability of capital is a major constraint for the setting up or expanding ventures on a large scale. Instead of depending upon a limited pool of savings of a small circle of friends and relatives, the promoter has the option of raising money from the public across the country/world by issuing) shares of the company. For this purpose, the promoter can invite investment to his or her venture by issuing offer document which gives full details about track record, the company, the nature of the project, the business model, etc. If the investor is comfortable with this proposed venture, he may invest and thus become a shareholder of the company. Through aggregation, even small amounts available with a very large number of individuals translate into usable capital for corporates. Primary market is a market wherein corporates issue new securities for raising funds generally for long term capital requirement. -
Guaranteed Money Market Account
GUARANTEED MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT As of 09/01/2021 GUARANTEED MONEY MARKET ACCOUNT RATES AND TERMS Annual Combined APY Minimum Interest Interest Rate Minimum Balance Monthly Percentage Yield (6 mos GMMA rate, Balance to Compounded (first 6 months) to Earn APY Fee (First 6 months) 6 mos MMA rate) Open and Credited 0.10% 0.10% 0.07% $0.00 Compounded 0.10% 0.10% 0.08% $10,000 Daily, $15,000.00 None 0.50% 0.50% 0.28% $15,000 Credited Monthly 0.50% 0.50% 0.29% $50,000 Eligibility: The Guaranteed Money Market Account is available to new memberships only, within first 30 days that membership is established. Minimum opening deposit of $15,000 must come from an institution other than Rivermark (New Money). Requires a new Free Checking Plus Account. Truth in Savings Disclosures 1. Rate Information – The Interest Rates and Annual Percentage Yields on your deposit account are stated above and may change at any time as determined by us, except as otherwise disclosed herein. The promotional APY is guaranteed for six months from the date of account opening. After the six-month promotional period ends, the account will convert to a Money Market Account with variable APYs in effect at time of conversion and based on the account balance as described on the applicable rate sheet. The APY is a percentage rate that reflects the total amount of interest to be paid on an account based on the interest rate and frequency of compounding for an annual period. The APY assumes that interest will remain on deposit until maturity. -
Financial Markets
FINANCIAL MARKETS Types of U.S. financial markets Primary markets can be distinguished from secondary markets. o Securities are first offered for sale in a primary market. o For example, the sale of a new bond issue, preferred stock issue, or common stock issue takes place in the primary market. o Trading in currently existing securities takes place in the secondary market, such as on the stock exchanges. The money market can be distinguished from the capital market. o Short-term securities trade in the money market. o Typical examples of money market instruments are (l) U.S. Treasury bills, (2) federal agency securities, (3) bankers’ acceptances, (4) negotiable certificates of deposit, and (5) commercial paper. o Long-term securities trade in the capital markets. These securities have maturity exceeding one year, e.g., stocks and bonds. Spot markets can be distinguished from futures markets. o Cash markets are where something sells today, right now, on the spot; in fact, cash markets are often referred to as “spot” markets. o Futures markets are where you can set a price to buy or sell something at some future date. Organized security exchanges can be distinguished from over-the-counter markets. o Organized security exchanges are physical places where securities trade. o Stock exchanges are organized exchanges. o Organized security exchanges provide several benefits to both corporations and investors. They (l) provide a continuous market, (2) establish and publicize fair security prices, and (3) help businesses raise new financial capital. o Over-the-counter (OTC) markets include all security markets except the organized exchanges. -
Currency Risk Management
• Foreign exchange markets • Internal hedging techniques • Forward rates Foreign Currency Risk • Forward contracts Management 1 • Money market hedging • Currency futures 00 M O NT H 00 100 Syllabus learning outcomes • Assess the impact on a company to exposure in translation transaction and economic risks and how these can be managed. 2 Syllabus learning outcomes • Evaluate, for a given hedging requirement, which of the following is the most appropriate strategy, given the nature of the underlying position and the risk exposure: (i) The use of the forward exchange market and the creation of a money market hedge (ii) Synthetic foreign exchange agreements (SAFE's) (iii) Exchange-traded currency futures contracts (iv) Currency options on traded futures (v) Currency swaps (vi) FOREX swaps 3 Syllabus learning outcomes • Advise on the use of bilateral and multilateral netting and matching as tools for minimising FOREX transactions costs and the management of market barriers to the free movement of capital and other remittances. 4 Foreign Exchange Risk (FOREX) The value of a company's assets, liabilities and cash flow may be sensitive to changes in the rate in the rate of exchange between its reporting currency and foreign currencies. Currency risk arises from the exposure to the consequences of a rise or fall in the exchange rate A company may become exposed to this risk by: • Exporting or importing goods or services • Having an overseas subsidiary • Being a subsidiary of an overseas company • Transactions in overseas capital market 5 Types of Foreign Exchange Risk (FOREX) Transaction Risk (Exposure) This relates to the gains or losses to be made when settlement takes place at some future date of a foreign currency denominated contract that has already been entered in to. -
Nber Working Papers Series
NBER WORKING PAPERS SERIES WAS THERE A BUBBLE IN THE 1929 STOCK MARKET? Peter Rappoport Eugene N. White Working Paper No. 3612 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 February 1991 We have benefitted from comments made on earlier drafts of this paper by seminar participants at the NEER Summer Institute and Rutgers University. We are particularly indebted to Charles Calomiris, Barry Eicherigreen, Gikas Hardouvelis and Frederic Mishkiri for their suggestions. This paper is part of NBER's research program in Financial Markets and Monetary Economics. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper #3612 February 1991 WAS THERE A BUBBLE IN THE 1929 STOCK MARKET? ABSTRACT Standard tests find that no bubbles are present in the stock price data for the last one hundred years. In contrast., historical accounts, focusing on briefer periods, point to the stock market of 1928-1929 as a classic example of a bubble. While previous studies have restricted their attention to the joint behavior of stock prices and dividends over the course of a century, this paper uses the behavior of the premia demanded on loans collateralized by the purchase of stocks to evaluate the claim that the boom and crash of 1929 represented a bubble. We develop a model that permits us to extract an estimate of the path of the bubble and its probability of bursting in any period and demonstrate that the premium behaves as would be expected in the presence of a bubble in stock prices.