Arsendescloizite a New Mineral from Tsumeb
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Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Liroconite Cu2al(Aso4)(OH)4 • 4H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Liroconite Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 • 4H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Typically as crystals with a flattened octahedral or lenticular aspect, dominated by {110} and {011} and striated parallel to their intersections, also {001}, {010}, {100}, to 3.6 cm, alone and in sub-parallel groups. May be granular, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {110}, {011}, indistinct. Fracture: Uneven to conchoidal. Hardness = 2–2.5 D(meas.) = 2.94–3.01 D(calc.) = [3.03] Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Sky-blue, bluish green, verdigris-green, emerald-green; pale blue to pale bluish green in transmitted light. Streak: Pale blue to pale green. Luster: Vitreous to resinous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: Y = b; Z ∧ a =25◦. Dispersion: r< v,moderate. α = 1.612(3) β = 1.652(3) γ = 1.675(3) 2V(meas.) = n.d. 2V(calc.) = 72(5)◦ Cell Data: Space Group: I2/a. a = 12.664(2) b = 7.563(2) c = 9.914(3) β =91.32(2)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Cornwall, England. 6.46 (10), 3.01 (10), 5.95 (9), 2.69 (6), 3.92 (5), 2.79 (5), 2.21 (5) Chemistry: (1) (2) P2O5 3.73 As2O5 23.05 26.54 Al2O3 10.85 11.77 Fe2O3 0.98 CuO 36.38 36.73 H2O 25.01 24.96 Total 100.00 100.00 • (1) Cornwall, England. (2) Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 4H2O. Occurrence: A rare secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of some copper deposits. Association: Olivenite, chalcophyllite, clinoclase, cornwallite, strashimirite, malachite, cuprite, “limonite”. -
Mottramite Pbcu(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Mottramite PbCu(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or dipyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], with {101}, {201}, many others, to 3 mm, in drusy crusts, botryoidal, usually granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼5.9 D(calc.) = 6.187 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Grass-green, olive-green, yellow- green, siskin-green, blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Yellowish green. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.17(2) β = 2.26(2) γ = 2.32(2) 2V(meas.) = ∼73◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.667–7.730 b = 6.034–6.067 c = 9.278–9.332 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mottram St. Andrew, England; close to descloizite. 3.24 (vvs), 5.07 (vs), 2.87 (vs), 2.68 (vs), 2.66 (vs), 2.59 (vs), 1.648 (vs) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) CrO3 0.50 ZnO 0.31 10.08 P2O5 0.24 PbO 55.64 55.30 As2O5 1.33 H2O 3.57 2.23 V2O5 21.21 22.53 insol. 0.17 CuO 17.05 9.86 Total 100.02 100.00 (1) Bisbee, Arizona, USA; average of three analyses. (2) Pb(Cu, Zn)(VO4)(OH) with Zn:Cu = 1:1. -
Adamite Series, and of Phosphate Substitution in Olivenite
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, MARCH 1983, VOL. 47, PP. 51 7 Infrared spectroscopic analysis of the olivenite- adamite series, and of phosphate substitution in olivenite R. S. W. BRAITHWAITE Chemistry Department, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, M60 1QD ABSTRACT. Infrared spectroscopy affords a rapid and Inspection of the infrared spectra of a number of easy method of estimating the position of a mineral in the natural samples suggested that infrared spectro- olivenite-adamite solid solution series, and of estimating scopy might afford a rapid and easy method for the amount of phosphate substitution in olivenites. placing the approximate position of a small sample Toman's discovery of the monoclinic symmetry of olivenites with up to approximately 20 atom ~ Zn/(Cu + in the olivenite-adamite series and for estimating Zn) has raised a problem in nomenclature. It is suggested the amount of anion substitution by phosphate. that the definition of'cuproadamite' be extended to cover Accordingly, numerous members of the olivenite- all orthorhombic members of the series containing adamite series were synthesized by the method used appreciable Cu. Studies of deuterated materials have by Guillemin (t956), Minceva-Stefanova et al. helped to solve some of the absorption band assignments (1965), and Toman (1978). In addition, the method for olivenite adamite, libethenite and related minerals. was extended to the preparation of phosphatian olivenites, libethenite, and some deuterated MEMBERS of the olivenite Cu2AsO4OH to adam- materials, required in order to distinguish vibra- ite Zn2AsO4OH solid solution series are well- tions involving O H from other vibrations (see known minerals from the oxidation zone of Cu- Experimental section). -
Descloizite Pbzn(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Descloizite PbZn(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or pyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], or tabular {100}, with {101}, {201}, many others, rarely skeletal, to 5 cm, commonly in drusy crusts, stalactitic or botryoidal, coarsely fibrous, granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼6.2 D(calc.) = 6.202 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Brownish red, red-orange, reddish brown to blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Orange to brownish red. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.185(10) β = 2.265(10) γ = 2.35(10) 2V(meas.) = ∼90◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.593 b = 6.057 c = 9.416 Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Venus mine, [El Guaico district, C´ordobaProvince,] Argentina; close to mottramite. 3.23 (vvs), 5.12 (vs), 2.90 (vs), 2.69 (vsb), 2.62 (vsb), 1.652 (vs), 4.25 (s) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SiO2 0.02 ZnO 19.21 10.08 As2O5 0.00 PbO 55.47 55.30 +350◦ V2O5 22.76 22.53 H2O 2.17 −350◦ FeO trace H2O 0.02 MnO trace H2O 2.23 CuO 0.56 9.86 Total 100.21 100.00 (1) Abenab, Namibia. -
Heyite, Pbsfez(VO )Zo , a New Mineral from Nevada
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, MARCH ~973, VOL. 39, PP. 65--68 Heyite, PbsFez(VO )zO , a new mineral from Nevada SIDNEY A. WILLIAMS Phelps Dodge Corporation, Douglas, Arizona SUMMARY. Heyite occurs in silicified limestone with other oxidation-zone minerals derived from galena, chalcopyrite, aod pyrite. The occurrence is near Ely, Nevada. Most common are pyro- morphite, cerussite, and chrysocolla. Heyite occurs on and replaces corroded tungstenian wulfenite. Crystals are small (up to o'4 mm), simple in habit, and monoclinic. Only {oo I }, {t oo}, {t I o}, and {io I } have been observed. Twinning on {I Io} is relatively common. The colour is yellow-orange with a yellow streak, H = 4. Electron probe analyses (average of three) gave PbO 75"4 %, ZnO o'8I %, FeO 8"4I %, V~O5 I2"65 %. This leads to Pbs(Fe,Zn)2(VO4)204, with Z = L The space group is P21/m. Cell constants, refined from powder data, are a 8-9IO/~, b 6'oi7, c 7"734 (all !o'oo4/~);/3 I I I ~ 53'-4-4'. The strongest powder lines (Cr-K~) are: 3"248, 11 ~, (i oo); 2"97o, 3oi, 21~, (69); 2"767, 2Ii (6I); 4"873, iio, (46); 3"674, ~I~, (35); 2"306 (33); 3"oio, o2o, (29); 3"4~2, 2o~, II~, (25); 8"281, Ioo, (25); and 2"II3 (2o). Geale 6'284, Gmeas 6"3• Optically biaxial with 2Ve 82~10, 89~e~ ; c~9 2-I85,/39 2'219, ~9 2.266; all values zko-oI and determined in S-Se melts. Dispersion is weak with p > v. -
Lead Sequestration in the Soil Environment with an Emphasis on the Chemical Thermodynamics Involving Phosphate As a Soil Amendment: Review and Simulations
International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research ISSN 0973-2683 Volume 13, Number 1 (2018) pp. 9-19 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Lead Sequestration in the Soil Environment with an Emphasis on the Chemical Thermodynamics Involving Phosphate as a Soil Amendment: Review and Simulations Michael Aide* and Indi Braden Department of Agriculture, Southeast Missouri State University, USA. (*Corresponding author) Abstract Soil lead (Pb2+) contamination is a global issue and in many instances the extent of the impact is intense. In Missouri (USA) the legacy of lead mining and processing has resulted in widespread soil impact. We present a review of lead research focusing on the use of phosphate soil amendments to reduce the biological availability of lead and to illustrate how simulations of soil solution chemistry may guide researchers in defining their experimental designs. We demonstrate (i) the simulation of lead hydrolysis arising from the dissolution of galena and pyromorphite, (ii) the simulation of lead hydrolysis and the thermodynamically favored precipitation of lead species across selected pH intervals and (iii) provide activity diagrams showing the stability fields for selected soil chemical environments. Thermodynamic simulations are addressed as an important preparatory process for experimental design development and protocol selection involving field-based research. Keywords: Lead, hydrolysis, ion-pair formation, pyromorphite, galena. INTRODUCTION In the eastern Ozarks of Missouri (USA), Mississippi Valley Type lead ores occur in Paleozoic carbonate rock as galena (PbS), with sphalerite (ZnS) and pyrite (FeS2) as important auxiliary minerals [1]. On a world-wide basis, lead (Pb2+) abundances vary with the rock type, ranging from 10 to 40 mg Pb kg-1 in felsic and argillaceous sediments [2]. -
Austinite Cazn(Aso4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Austinite CaZn(AsO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 222. As enantiomorphous bladed crystals exhibiting {011}, {111}, {111}, {010} and several other forms, sometimes forming scepters. Also as radially fibrous crusts and nodules. Twinning: Left- and right-handed individuals joined on (100), with (010) and (001) coincident. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Good on {011}. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4–4.5 D(meas.) = 4.13 D(calc.) = [4.31] Optical Properties: Translucent to transparent. Color: Colorless, white to pale yellowish white, green. Luster: Subadamantine to silky in aggregates. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Orientation: X = a; Y = c; Z = b. Dispersion: r> v,weak. α = 1.759(3) β = 1.763(3) γ = 1.783(3) 2V(meas.) = ∼45◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 212121. a = 7.505–7.509 b = 9.037–9.046 c = 5.921–5.934 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Gold Hill, Utah, USA. 3.171 (10), 2.801 (10), 2.637 (10), 1.616 (9), 1.509 (7), 2.529 (6), 5.781 (5) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) P2O5 0.1 0.90 CaO 19.2 21.33 21.45 As2O5 42.7 42.85 43.96 H2O 3.6 [3.45] 3.45 FeO 0.49 insol. 2.4 CuO 0.88 Total 100.5 [100.00] 100.00 ZnO 32.5 30.10 31.14 (1) Gold Hill, Utah, USA; insoluble is quartz, some adamite adhering. (2) Kamariza mine, Greece; by electron microprobe, H2O by difference; corresponding to Ca1.00(Zn0.96Cu0.03 Fe0.01)Σ=1.00[(As0.97P0.03)Σ=1.00O4](OH). -
New Mineral Names*
American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 1274-1280, 1981 NEW MINERAL NAMES* MICHAEL FLEISCHER AND LOUIS J. CABRI Cyanophillite* ar~ 3.350(50)(110), 3.:208(50)(020), 3.080 (80)(111), 2.781(100) (221,111), 2.750(70)(112), 1.721 (60). Kurt Walenta (1981) Cyanophillite, a new mineral from the Clara ~olor1ess to white, luster vitreous. Cleavages {010}, {OOI}, Mine, near Oberwolfach, Central Black Forest. Chem. der {OIl} good, not easily observed. Hardness about 5. Optically Erde, 40, 195-200 (in German). biaxial positive, ns ex= 1.713, /3 = 1.730, )' = 1.748, 2V +88° (89° Analyses gave CuO 36.3, 32.5; Ah03 8.5, -; Sb203 36.5, 38.3; calc.). Material with Zn:Mg = 1:1 is biaxial, neg., ns. ex= 1.689, H20 19.8; sum 101.1%, corresponding to 10CuO . 2Ah03 . 3Sb2 /3 = 1.707, )' = 1.727, 2V ~ 85°. 03 . 25H20. The mineral is dissolved readily by cold 1:1 HCI, The mineral occurs as coatings and small crystals, largest partly dissolved by 1: 1 HN03. Loss of weight when heated (%) dimension about 1 mm; on prosperite, adamite, and austinite 110° 3.4, 150° 9.5, 200° 19.8%. At 250° the mineral is decomposed from Tsumeb, Namibia. Forms observed {010}, {001}, {Oil}, also and turns black. {IOO}very small. X-ray study shows the mineral to be orthorhombic, space The name is for Robert I. Gait, Curator of Mineralogy, Royal group Pmmb, a = 11.82, b = 10.80, c = 9.64A, Z = 1, D 3.10 Ontario Museum, Toronto. Type material is at the Royal Ontario meas., 3.12 calc. -
Mottramite, Descloizite, and Vanadinite) in the Caldbeck Area of Cumberland
289 New occurrences of vanadium minerals (mottramite, descloizite, and vanadinite) in the Caldbeck area of Cumberland. By ART~VR W. G. KINGSBURu F.G.S., Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, University Museum, Oxford, and J. HARTLnY, B.Sc., F.G.S., Dept. of Geology, University of Leeds. [Taken as read 10 June 1954.] Summary.--Four new occurrences of vanadium minerals are described. New X-ray powder data are given for descloizite and mottramite, and show appreciable differences. Evidence is brought that the original occurrence of mottramite was not at Mottram St. Andrew, Cheshire, but Pim Hill, Shropshire, and that most if not all specimens labelled Mottram St. Andrew or Cheshire really came from Pim Hill. ANADIUM minerals are rare in the British Isles, and only two V species, mottramite (Cu, Zn)PbV0tOH and vanadinite Pbs(VO4)aC1, have so far been recorded from a limited number of localities. We do not include the vanadiferous nodules from Budleigh Salterton in Devon, as the vanadiferous mineral has not been identified. Mottramite, supposedly from Mottram St. Andrew in Cheshire, was first described in 1876,1 but we have evidence (below, p. 293) that the locality was in fact Pim Hill in Shropshire. ~ Vanadinite has so far only been found at Leadhills and Wanlockhead in Scotland. Vauquelinite has been de- scribed from Leadhills and Wanlockhead,a but the specimens have since been shown to be mottramite. 4 As a result of our investigations in the Lake District, we have found several new localities in the Caldbeck area for raottramite, deseloizite, and vanadinite. Higher part of Brandy Gill, Carroek Fell. -
Cu-Rich Members of the Beudantite–Segnitite Series from the Krupka Ore District, the Krušné Hory Mountains, Czech Republic
Journal of Geosciences, 54 (2009), 355–371 DOI: 10.3190/jgeosci.055 Original paper Cu-rich members of the beudantite–segnitite series from the Krupka ore district, the Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic Jiří SeJkOra1*, Jiří ŠkOvíra2, Jiří ČeJka1, Jakub PláŠIl1 1 Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National museum, Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Prague 1, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Martinka, 417 41 Krupka III, Czech Republic * Corresponding author Copper-rich members of the beudantite–segnitite series (belonging to the alunite supergroup) were found at the Krupka deposit, Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic. They form yellow-green irregular to botryoidal aggregates up to 5 mm in size. Well-formed trigonal crystals up to 15 μm in length are rare. Chemical analyses revealed elevated Cu contents up 2+ to 0.90 apfu. Comparably high Cu contents were known until now only in the plumbojarosite–beaverite series. The Cu 3+ 3+ 2+ ion enters the B position in the structure of the alunite supergroup minerals via the heterovalent substitution Fe Cu –1→ 3– 2– 3 (AsO4) (SO4) –1 . The unit-cell parameters (space group R-3m) a = 7.3265(7), c = 17.097(2) Å, V = 794.8(1) Å were determined for compositionally relatively homogeneous beudantite (0.35 – 0.60 apfu Cu) with the following average empirical formula: Pb1.00(Fe2.46Cu0.42Al0.13Zn0.01)Σ3.02 [(SO4)0.89(AsO3OH)0.72(AsO4)0.34(PO4)0.05]Σ2.00 [(OH)6.19F0.04]Σ6.23. Interpretation of thermogravimetric and infrared vibrational data is also presented. The Cu-rich members of the beudan- tite–segnitite series are accompanied by mimetite, scorodite, pharmacosiderite, cesàrolite and carminite. -
Mimetite Pb5(Aso4)3Cl C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal
Mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6/m. Crystals are usually prismatic to acicular k [0001], to 12 cm, may be tabular, showing {1010}, {0001}, {1011}, rarely {1121}, {2131}, others; rounded, barrel-shaped, mammillary, stalactitic, granular. Twinning: On {1122}, very rare. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {1011}, interrupted. Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3.5–4 D(meas.) = 7.24 D(calc.) = 7.26 Piezoelectric; may fluoresce reddish yellow under LW or SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale to bright yellow, yellowish brown, yellow-orange, white, may be colorless; colorless or pale yellow in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Resinous to subadamantine. Optical Class: Uniaxial (–), commonly anomalously biaxial (–), sectored. Pleochroism: Weak. Absorption: O < E. ω = 2.147 = 2.128 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63/m (synthetic). a = 10.250(2) c = 7.454(1) Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 3.06 (100), 3.01 (90), 2.962 (66), 3.36 (38), 2.110 (30), 1.994 (22), 1.905 (20) Chemistry: (1) (2) P2O5 0.14 As2O5 23.17 23.17 PbO 74.58 74.99 Cl 2.39 2.38 −O=Cl2 0.54 0.54 Total 99.74 100.00 (1) Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, USA. (2) Pb5(AsO4)3Cl. Polymorphism & Series: Dimorphous with clinomimetite. Mineral Group: Apatite group. Occurrence: A common secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of arsenic-bearing lead deposits. Association: Cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, willemite, pyromorphite, wulfenite. Distribution: Many localities. A few for well-crystallized material include: Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony, Germany.