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Bibliography on Criminalization of Hiv Non-Disclosure, Exposure, and Transmission

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Bibliography on Criminalization of Hiv Non-Disclosure, Exposure, and Transmission BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CRIMINALIZATION OF HIV NON-DISCLOSURE, EXPOSURE, AND TRANSMISSION August 2018 Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS Yale University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This bibliography is the second update of the annotated bibliography on criminalization of HIV exposure, published in 2012. The bibliography was curated by Dini Harsono, M.Sc., Assistant Director of the Clinical and Health Services Research (CHSR) Core and coordinator of the Criminalization of HIV Exposure Work Group at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA) at Yale University. The author would like to thank members of the Criminalization of HIV Exposure Work Group for their continuous contribution of time, resources and expertise to the development of this bibliography. The Criminalization of HIV Exposure Work Group is a multidisciplinary collaboration of policy makers, advocates, researchers, public health officials, and other relevant stakeholders that aims to examine critical public health, ethical, and legal issues around criminalization, discuss the ethical and public health implications of the criminal law, and develop research questions pertaining to criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, exposure and transmission in North America. For more information: http://cira.yale.edu/research/workgroups/criminalization-hiv-exposure-work-group. The bibliography is published by CIRA and supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant number P30MH062294 (PI: Paul Cleary, Ph.D.) CIRA was established in 1997 and is currently New England's only NIMH-funded AIDS research center. CIRA supports innovative, interdisciplinary research that combines behavioral, social and biomedical approaches, focused on the implementation of HIV prevention and treatment and the elimination of HIV disparities. Bibliography on Criminalization of HIV Non-Disclosure, Exposure, And Transmission Suggested citation: Harsono, Dini. Bibliography on criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, exposure, and transmission. New Haven, CT: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS at Yale University; 2018. We encourage the broad use and distribution of this bibliography. When quoting a specific reference, please cite the original author/organization associated with the article or publication. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS at Yale University 135 College Street, Suite 200, New Haven, CT 06510-2483 203-764-4333 http://cira.yale.edu/ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 OVERVIEW OF LAWS AND CASE LAWS ........................................................................................................ 4 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH .................................................................................................................................. 5 Literature Reviews of Empirical Studies ......................................................................................................... 5 United States ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Canada ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Other Countries ............................................................................................................................................ 36 LEGAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 46 United States ............................................................................................................................................... 46 Canada ........................................................................................................................................................ 55 Global Perspectives ..................................................................................................................................... 56 GUIDANCE, FACT SHEETS, AND TALKING POINTS .................................................................................... 64 United States ............................................................................................................................................... 64 Global Perspectives ..................................................................................................................................... 67 POLICY AND CONSENSUS STATEMENTS ................................................................................................... 69 OTHER RELEVANT RESOURCES ................................................................................................................. 72 HIV Transmission Risk ................................................................................................................................. 72 Phylogenetics .............................................................................................................................................. 73 2 SUMMARY Introduction Criminal prosecution for HIV non-disclosure, exposure and transmission has been a central discussion topic among people living with HIV, healthcare practitioners, public health officials, and others who work in HIV sectors. More than two-thirds of U.S. states and territories have enacted HIV criminal laws.1 Globally, the UNAIDS estimated that 61 countries had adopted laws that allow criminalization, while prosecutions for HIV exposure, non-disclosure, and transmission have been reported in at least 49 countries.2 The presumptive purpose of the laws is to increase serostatus disclosure to sexual partners, increase HIV-protective behaviors, and ultimately reduce new HIV infections. However, little is known about their effectiveness as an HIV prevention method and the potential negative impacts of the laws. Since we published the first bibliography on HIV criminalization in 2012,3 literature focused on this topic has grown substantially. The present bibliography systematically highlights the literature consisting of summaries of criminal laws, empirical research, legal and public health analyses, fact sheets and guidance documents, consensus statements, and other relevant references on criminalization in the context of the United States and Canada. The bibliography is by no means exhaustive, nor does it attempt to include every publication focused on criminalization of HIV exposure. Nevertheless, we believe that this document will be a valuable resource for those involved in HIV-related research, care, advocacy and policymaking to identify key articles and documents focused on the complex issues and discussions surrounding HIV criminalization. Method Peer-reviewed articles were identified from three databases: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar through systematic searches and email alerts. Grey literature was identified through Google searches and reviewing websites of relevant organizations. Additional literature and resources were identified through consultations with members of CIRA’s Criminalization of HIV Exposure Work Group. Results This document contains 227 references and has been organized according to the following categories: 1. Category 1: contains overview of criminal laws and analyses of case laws (5) 2. Category 2: describes empirical studies on criminalization conducted in the US, Canada, and other countries (126) 3. Category 3: includes legal and public health analyses on criminalization including implications of laws on HIV prevention and care and public health practice (62) 4. Category 4: contains guidance, fact sheets and talking points (19) 5. Category 5: covers policy and consensus statements released by organizations and professional associations calling for an end to the criminalization of HIV and other diseases (8) 6. Category 6: describes other relevant references (e.g., HIV transmission risk, phylogenetics) (7). Abstracts were directly extracted from the original sources. In the absence of an abstract, an annotation was created to describe the resource document. 1Lehman JS, Carr MH, Nichol AJ, Ruisanchez A, Knight DW, Langford AE, Gray SC, Mermin JH. Prevalence and public health implications of state laws that criminalize potential HIV exposure in the United States. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(6):997- 1006. PMC4019819. 2UNAIDS. The Gap Report. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2014 3Harsono, Dini. Criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, exposure, and transmission: Working annotated bibliography. New Haven, CT: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS at Yale University; 2012. Available at: http://cira.yale.edu/node/2081/attachment. 3 OVERVIEW OF LAWS AND CASE LAWS Center for HIV Law and Policy. HIV criminalization in the United States: a sourcebook on state and federal HIV criminal law and practice. New York, NY: Center for HIV Law and Policy; 2017. Available at: http://www.hivlawandpolicy.org/sites/default/files/HIV%20Criminalization%20in%20the%20U.S.%20A%20Sour cebook%20on%20State%20Fed%20HIV%20Criminal%20Law%20and%20Practice%206.26.pdf. This resource for lawyers and community advocates outlines punitive laws, policies, and cases affecting people living with HIV (PLHIV) and other communicable diseases in all fifty states, the military, federal prisons, and U.S. territories. It may be used as an aid for attorneys of PLHIV prosecuted for “HIV exposure” or non-disclosure of
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