The Theatrical Career of Jed Harris in New York, 1925-1956. Patricia Lynn Burroughs Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1978 The Theatrical Career of Jed Harris in New York, 1925-1956. Patricia Lynn Burroughs Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Burroughs, Patricia Lynn, "The Theatrical Career of Jed Harris in New York, 1925-1956." (1978). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3224. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3224 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. 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Michigan 46106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks. England HP10 8HR 7903119 BURROUGHS, PATRICIA LYNN THE THEATRICAL CAREER OF JED HARRIS IN NEW YORK, 1925-1956. THE LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AND AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COL., PH.D., 1978 University. Microfilms International 300 n. z i e b r o a d, a n n a h b o, rm i 4s io6 © 1978 PATRICIA LYNN BURROUGHS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE THEATRICAL CAREER OF JED HARRIS IN NEW YORK, 1925-1956 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech by Patricia Lynn Burroughs B.A., Ouachita university M.A., Louisiana State university August, 1978 DEDICATION To my mother, Lute Reeves Burroughs, who spent her Life teaching children in school; and who somehow found the time in the midst of her professional work and house hold duties to teach me a great deal, sometimes by means of lessons, but always by example. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author sincerely appreciates the patient guidance and encouragement given by Dr. Bill J. Harbin in the writ ing of this dissertation. Also, special thanks to Dr. Gresdna Doty for her help in the selection of the topic and her generous assis tance throughout the researching of this study. iil TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION.................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT.............................. iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. V INTRODUCTION................................ I CHAPTER I.............. II CHAPTER I I .................................. 43 CHAPTER III.................................. 77 CHAPTER I V .................................. 182 CHAPTER V .................................... 281 CONCLUSION................................ 358 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................ 375 APPENDICES.................................. 387 VITA ........................................ 391 iv ABSTRACT Between 1925 and 1955 Jed Harris (1900- } pro duced and/or directed thirty Broadway productions, with his first big hit, Broadway (1926), at the age of twenty- six, Harris achieved instant fame and was hailed as the "Wonder Boy" of the American theatre. During his first five years in the theatre he produced four exceptional and three moderate successes. Having had no previous experience or training in the theatre prior to his first production, Harris explains his sudden rise to fame as the result of being born with an almost perfect dramatic sense. Few would dispute that claim. Harris became a legend, both for his ability to produce one success after another and because of his unique uncompromising person ality. Referred to as Broadway's most successful eccen tric, Harris never attended the opening nights nor read reviews of his plays, generally disliked actors, play wrights, and critics and rarely appeared at any type of social gathering. His interests and talents extended far beyond the theatre into music, art, sports, literature, vaudeville, writing, yachting, animals and cooking. Since rewriting the script constituted the initial step in the process of each Jed Harris production, Harris' insistance upon his own ideas frequently led to clashes with authors, such as Georgs Abbott, George Kau£man and Thornton Wilder. Nevertheless, as a director, Harris earned the sincere respect and love o£ nearly all his actors, many of whom reappeared In numerous Harris shows. Among those players whose career and talents were directly affected by Harris are Helen Hayes, Laurence Olivier, Osgood Perkins, Charles Laughton, Basil Rathbone, Wendy Hiller and Charles Boyer. This study examines the theatrical career of Jed Harris in New York as a producer and/or director. The data for the study have been drawn primarily from news papers, periodicals, memoirs, biographers, and personal interviews with Jed Harris. The scope of the work of Harris ranges from popuLar melodrama and comedy, as in Broadway (1926), The Royal Family (1927) and The Front | it Page (1928), to serious drama such as A Doll's House (1938), Uncle vanya (1930) and Oar Town (1938). Primarily known as a man of high artistic standards and a genius in thea trical casting and directing, Harris* reputation for innovative productions and risk-taking ventures further enhanced his status as the Broadway Napoleon. For example, Harris often created a hit from a script which had been rejected by numerous other producers. And with his produc tion of The Heiress (1948), he transformed a play which had failed eight months earlier into a resounding success. Of the thirty Broadway productions he Introduced, vi eleven were extremely successful, in all but three of the remainder Harris' work was soundly praised. His influence encompasses actors, playwrights, producers, directors, press agents and stage managers. Books and plays have been written about him. He is considered one of the greatest American director-producers during the first half of the twentieth century. vii INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to investigate the the atrical career of Jed Harris as a director and producer in New York between 1925 and 1956. During these years, Harris was responsible for a total of thirty Broadway shows. In each of these his influence was visible, since even as only producer he cast and managed the entire production. Indeed, Harris' autocratic methods made him the object of both fear and respect among his contemporaries. The scope of the work of Jed Harris ranges from popu lar melodrama and comedy, as in Broadway (1926), The Royal Family (1927) and The Front Page (1928), to serious drama, such as Ibsen's A Doll's House (1938), Chekhov's Uncle Vanya (1930) and Wilder's Our Town (1938). Primarily known as a man of high artistic standards, Harris1 innovative spirit led him to Introduce the first picture of organized crime on the American stage (Broadway), the first big hit centering around actors (The Royal Family) and the experi mental production of Our Town. Though frequently these gam bles resulted in a hit, Harris was never one who consciously sought to please the public. He knew only what he liked, and therefore attempted to please only himself, in doing this, Harris often found himself at odds with others, particularly authors. Harris1 career Involves twenty theatrical seasons over a period of thirty-two years. Between 1925 and 1929 he produced eight plays on Broadway. At the end of 1929 he officially retired from the theatre. Late in 1930, how ever, he returned to New York and over the next nine years