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Copyright by Amanda L. Olson 2019 Abstract The Evangelical Covenant Church, like so many Christian denominations, is embroiled in conflict over homosexuality and gay marriage. This small North American denomination cannot afford a split, not only due to its small size, but because doing so would fundamentally deny its very identity. Thankfully, it is the denomination’s shared identity that gives the church, and sexual minorities, hope for the future. The ECC is a gathering of churches that covenant together for the sake of God’s mission in the world. It’s pietistic history and ethos values relational unity over doctrinal uniformity, making gracious space for theological diversity for the purpose of that mission. It’s affirmations and distinctives provide a strong DNA for the church to flourish in the midst of a rapidly changing culture. Homosexuality and gay marriage are complex problems in the church. They challenge fundamental beliefs, values and identities, and they are inherently personal and emotional topics. In order to address this challenge, church leaders must learn new ways of leading. This paper proposes that an adaptive leadership framework provides the tools necessary for the Evangelical Covenant Church to faithfully and fully take on the challenge without compromising its commitment to Christ and the authority of the Bible. It offers practical resources to assist local congregations in discussing the topic. And, it suggests ways that denominational leadership can support the work of the local congregation. For the children of Grace Evangelical Covenant Church, Chicago, especially Ben. That you may find the Covenant a place of vibrant faith. I did. List of Figures Figure 1……………………………………………………………………………..21 Figure 2……………………………………………………………………………..63 Figure 3……………………………………………………………………………..69 Figure 4……………………………………………………………………….…….80 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 Context: The Evangelical Covenant Church................................................................................... 2 Introduction to the ECC and Human Sexuality: A brief yet complicated history ................ 8 Urgency .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 A Diagnosis: An Adaptive Challenge ..................................................................................... 17 Borrowing from Harvard .................................................................................................................. 17 Human Sexuality as an Adaptive Challenge ................................................................................ 19 The Adaptive Process: Key Characteristics and Understandings ..................................... 27 Key Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 28 Adaptive Process is Traditional and Progressive ...................................................................................................... 29 Adaptive Process is Bottom Up, Not Top Down ....................................................................................................... 32 Adaptive Leadership Engages Dissident Voices ....................................................................................................... 35 Adaptive Process is Non-Linear....................................................................................................................................... 37 Key Understandings ........................................................................................................................... 41 Understanding the Role of the Leader ........................................................................................................................... 41 Understanding the Local Congregation: A Case Study........................................................................................... 44 Understanding Our Shared Identity: The Evangelical Covenant Church ........................................................ 48 Understanding Group Dynamics...................................................................................................................................... 49 Adaptive Tools for the Local Congregation .......................................................................... 53 Precursors to the Adaptive Process ................................................................................................ 54 Who’s at the Table? .............................................................................................................................................................. 54 The Value of a Relational Covenant and Ground Rules ......................................................................................... 57 Adaptive Tools ..................................................................................................................................... 60 Traditioned Innovation ........................................................................................................................................................ 60 Addressing Wicked Problems ........................................................................................................................................... 63 Biblical Tools for the Adaptive Process ......................................................................................... 68 The ECC and the Bible ........................................................................................................................................................ 69 The Bible is God’s Story..................................................................................................................................................... 70 The End is the Beginning ................................................................................................................................................... 71 The Bible and Sex ................................................................................................................................................................. 72 The Bible and Marriage ....................................................................................................................................................... 73 The Bible and Homosexuality .......................................................................................................................................... 75 The New Testament and Incarnational Inclusion ...................................................................................................... 77 Tools on Sexuality ............................................................................................................................... 78 Determining Different Lenses on LGB+ ...................................................................................................................... 78 Determining One’s Stance: Four Quadrants on Sexuality ..................................................................................... 79 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 85 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 90 Appendix 1: We are an Evangelical Covenant Church. ............................................................ 90 Appendix 2: Discourse on Covenant Freedom ....................................................................... 91 Appendix 3: Session on Adaptive Challenge in the New Testament Session (Acts 10 and 15) .................................................................................................................................................. 93 Appendix 4: Case Studies .................................................................................................................. 94 Case Study #1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Case Study #2 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Case Study #3 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Case Study #4 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 95 Case Study #5 .........................................................................................................................................................................