DOCSLIB.ORG

Population Structure of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Population Structure of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) In 242 Abstract—Population structure of Population structure of pink salmon pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbus- cha) from British Columbia and Wash- (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in British Columbia ington was examined with a survey of microsatellite variation to describe and Washington, determined with microsatellites the distribution of genetic variation. Variation at 16 microsatellite loci was Terry D. Beacham (contact author)1 surveyed for approximately 46,500 1 pink salmon sampled from 146 loca- Brenda McIntosh tions in the odd-year broodline and Cathy MacConnachie1 from 116 locations in the even-year 2 broodline. An index of genetic differ- Brian Spilsted 3 entiation, FST, over all populations Bruce A. White and loci in the odd-year broodline was E-mail address for contact author: [email protected] 0.005, with individual locus values 1 ranging from 0.002 to 0.025. Popula- Fisheries and Oceans Canada tion differentiation was less in the Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Road even-year broodline, with a FST value of 0.002 over all loci, and with individ- Nanaimo, B. C., Canada V9T 6N7 ual locus values ranging from 0.001 2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada to 0.005. Greater genetic diversity 417-2nd Avenue West was observed in the odd-year brood- Prince Rupert, B. C. Canada V8J 1G8 line. Differentiation in pink salmon 3 Pacific Salmon Commission allele frequencies between broodlines 600-1155 Robson Street was approximately 5.5 times greater Vancouver, B. C., Canada V6E 1B5 than regional differentiation within broodlines. A regional structuring of populations was the general pat- tern observed, and a greater regional structure in the odd-year broodline than in the even-year broodline. The geographic distribution of microsatel- Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gor- Estimation of genetic population lite variation in populations of pink buscha) spawn in more than 700 structure has been a key area of salmon likely reflects a distribution rivers in British Columbia (Aro and research in salmon assessment and of broodlines from separate refuges Shepard, 1967), and the distribution management. Identification of a ge- after the last glaciation period. of spawning populations varies in odd- netically distinct group of populations numbered years and even-numbered in the distribution of a species is a years. Spawning occurs primarily key step in conserving and maintain- only in odd years in the Fraser River ing genetic diversity. Genetically dis- drainage, mainly in even years on tinct populations or regional groups of the Queen Charlotte Islands, and in populations (stocks) were determined both years in central and northern through surveys of genetic variation coastal areas of British Columbia to evaluate the population structure (Neave, 1952). Because virtually all of a species (Shaklee and Bentzen, pink salmon mature at two years of 1998). Identification of genetically age (Bilton and Ricker, 1965), two dis- distinct groups in the distribution of tinct broodlines in the species have pink salmon in British Columbia and developed (odd-year and even-year), Puget Sound may lead to the conser- with virtually no gene flow between vation of genetic diversity by fisheries the broodlines. This reproductive iso- and resource management. An evalu- lation of the broodlines has resulted ation of genetic variation is effective in reported differences in body size in describing the population struc- (Godfrey, 1959), morphological char- ture of salmonids, is a key part in the acteristics (Ricker, 1972; Beacham, elucidation of management units or 1985), timing of spawning (Aro and conservation units for a species and Shepard, 1967; Dyagilev and Markev- can be applied to manage fisheries Manuscript submitted 3 October 2011. Manuscript accepted 5 January 2012. ich, 1979), and genetic differentiation exploiting specific stocks of salmon. Fish. Bull. 110:242–256 (2012) (Aspinwall, 1974; Beacham et al., Determination of genetic population 1988). Evaluation of the genetic pop- structure is an important part in de- The views and opinions expressed ulation structure both between and veloping a genetically based method or implied in this article are those of the author (or authors) and do not necessarily within broodlines in British Columbia for estimation of stock composition. reflect the position of the National Marine and Washington form the basis of the Allozymes were initially the key set Fisheries Service, NOAA. current study. of genetic markers used in evaluat- Beacham et al.: Population structure of Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in British Columbia and Washington, determined with microsatellites 243 ing population structure in pink salmon in British Co- lumbia (Beacham et al., 1988; Shaklee et al., 1991) Table 1 and elsewhere in the Pacific Rim distribution of the Microsatellite loci surveyed in pink salmon (Oncorhyn- species (Aspinwall, 1974; Varnavskaya and Beacham, chus gorbuscha) and their associated annealing and 1992; Shaklee and Varnavskaya, 1994; Noll et al., 2001; extension temperatures and times (seconds), as well as Hawkins et al., 2002). Analysis of allozyme variation the number of cycles used in polymerase chain reaction provided the general pattern of marked differentiation amplifications. between the broodlines, but identification of fine-scale regional structure was limited, although estimation of Locus Annealing Extension Cycles stock composition of samples from mixed-stock fisheries was conducted (Beacham et al., 1985; Shaklee et al., Oki10 53°C/30s 70°C/30s 39 1991). Development of DNA markers has led to new Oki101 53°C/45s 68°C/30s 40 avenues of research for using genetic variation in de- One101 50°C/30s 70°C/30s 39 fining population structure. Mitochondrial DNA varia- One102 50°C/30s 70°C/30s 39 tion again showed strong differentiation between the One104 50°C/30s 70°C/30s 36 broodlines, but differentiation among regional groups One109 55°C/30s 70°C/30s 34 of pink salmon was limited (Brykov et al., 1996, 1999; One111 55°C/30s 70°C/30s 34 Churikov and Gharrett, 2002). However, Golovanov et One114 50°C/30s 70°C/45s 38 al. (2009) noted that differentiation among even-year Ots213 52°C/45s 72°C/60s 38 populations was higher than among odd-year popula- Ots7e 51°C/30s 72°C/30s 35 tions in the northern Sea of Okhotsk region. OtsG253b 60°C/45s 72°C/45s 35 Microsatellites are reported to be useful for evaluat- OtsG311 50°C/45s 68°C/45s 34 ing fine-scale population structure in salmonids (Banks OtsG68 50°C/30s 70°C/30s 36 et al., 2000) and have been used to evaluate large- Ssa407 60°C/30s 70°C/30s 39 scale and regional variation in chum salmon (O. keta) Ssa408 60°C/45s 70°C/45s 40 (Beacham et al., 2009). Initial applications of micro- Ssa419 50°C/30s 70°C/30s 40 satellite variation to evaluate individual identification and population structure were reported by Olsen et al. (1998, 2000a). However, surveys of population variation by Small et al. (1998), a Qiagen 96-well DNeasy®1 pro- were quite limited in these studies, and no comprehen- cedure (Qiagen, Mississauga, Ontario), or a Promega sive evaluation of variation at microsatellites has been Wizard SV96 Genomic DNA Purification system (Pro- conducted for pink salmon. A survey of microsatellite mega, Madison, WI). Once extracted DNA was avail- variation over a broader geographic range of pink salm- able, surveys of variation at 16 microsatellite loci were on distribution would likely be valuable for evaluating conducted: Oki10 (Smith et al., 1998), Oki101 (Beacham population structure. et al., 2011), OtsG68, OtsG253b, OtsG311 (Williamson In the current study, we outline the microsatellite- et al., 2002), Ots213 (Greig et al., 2003), Ots7e (Wright based population structure of pink salmon in British et al., 2008), One101, One102, One104, One109, One111, Columbia and Washington as an initial step in evalu- One114 (Olsen et al., 2000b), Ssa407, Ssa408, Ssa419 ating whether higher resolution in estimation of stock (Cairney et al., 2000) composition may be possible when compared with esti- In general, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA mates previously derived with allozymes. This objec- amplifications were conducted by using a DNA En- tive was accomplished by analyzing variation at 16 gine Cycler Tetrad2 (BioRad, Hercules, CA) in 6-µL microsatellite loci to evaluate relationships in popula- volumes consisting of 0.15 units of Taq polymerase, tion structure of pink salmon, as well as by analyzing 1-µL of extracted DNA, 1×PCR buffer (Qiagen), 60 µM regional differences in allelic variation. The distribu- each nucleotide, 0.40 µM of each primer, and deionized tion of genetic diversity among broodlines, regions, and water. The thermal cycling profile involved one cycle populations was estimated in the study, as well as the of Taq activation for 15 minutes at 95°C, followed by a stability of population structure. denaturation cycle of 30 seconds at 94°C, with anneal- ing and extension conditions for each locus as outlined in Table 1. PCR fragments were initially size fraction- Materials and methods ated in denaturing polyacrylamide gels with an ABI 377 automated DNA sequencer, and genotypes were scored Collection of DNA samples and laboratory analysis by Genotyper, vers. 2.5 software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) by using an internal lane sizing stan- Tissue samples were collected from mature pink salmon. dard. Later in the study, microsatellites were size frac- Samples were preserved in 95% ethanol, and sent to the tionated in an ABI 3730 capillary DNA sequencer, and Molecular Genetics Laboratory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Independent Review of the Science and Management of Thompson River Steelhead
    Independent Review of the Science and Management of Thompson River Steelhead Prepared for: Thompson Steelhead Technical Subcommittee c/o Cooks Ferry Indian Band PO Box 130, Spence's Bridge, BC Canada V0K 2L0 March, 2014 Independent Review of the Science and Management of Thompson River Steelhead David A. Levy and Eric Parkinson Levy Research Services Ltd. 315 Lonsdale Ave. North Vancouver, B.C. Canada V7M 2G3 March 2014 ______________________ Recommended citation for this report: Levy, D.A. and E. Parkinson. 2014. Independent review of the science and management of Thompson River steelhead. Prepared for Thompson Steelhead Technical Subcommittee c/o Cook's Ferry Indian Band, Spences Bridge, BC. 104p. Executive Summary In response to the decline in steelhead productivity that has been occurring since the early 1990's, the Thompson Steelhead Technical Subcommittee commissioned the present report to evaluate steelhead status, causes for the decline, effectiveness of management tools and prospects for recovery. The work was motivated by a strong desire among Thompson River First Nations to develop a sound conservation strategy that ensures long-term sustainability and a recovery of the traditional food, social and ceremonial fishery. Thompson River steelhead support a world-class recreational fishery which is managed by the Province of BC. DFO is intimately involved in the management process by developing salmon harvest regulations to mitigate commercial by-catch mortality. First Nations are largely outside of the management process and meaningful consultations have been absent to date. Science and management tools included harvest analysis, juvenile assessment, forecasting procedures, spawner enumeration and enhancement. Conservation thresholds place steelhead numbers in the conservation concern zone in most years.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeochemical Contributions to the Water Quality of the Skeena River
    Biogeochemical Contributions to the Water Quality of the Skeena River by Solomon Henson INTRODUCTION The Skeena River watershed is about 54,000km2 and extends from central British Columbia to the western coast (figure 1). The river is known for producing tremendous salmon fisheries. Slaymaker (1972) reported that the chemical quality of the Skeena River was high which provides an excellent environment for salmon populations to flourish despite heavy fishing pressures. The Skeena is a diverse watershed that receives water from glacial ablation, snow melt, and precipitation as rain. These hydrologic inputs transport ion species and sediment from the landscape to the river and determine what the overall water quality of the Skeena will be. Figure 1. Skeena River basin showing location of settlements and major tributaries (Bhangu and Whitfield 1997). Page 1 of 13 S. Henson June 14, 2004 There are three distinct types of tributaries on the Skeena that result from these hydrologic inputs. Those of glacial origin, those that flow clear and are derived from spring water, and those that are tea colored due to high levels of dissolved organic carbon and other organic material. Although the tributaries of the Skeena River have not been extensively studied, this paper will attempt to lay out the possible contributions of these waters to the overall water quality of the main stem. Furthermore, possible mechanisms for these contributions will be considered that include the effects of weathering, temperature, vegetation and soil type on water quality. In 1977 Gibbs laid out three major mechanisms controlling worldwide water chemistry. Atmospheric precipitation dominates in tropical regions where nutrient and organic leaching are high, such that precipitation contains higher solute concentrations than the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tsimshian Homeland: an Ancient Cultural Landscape
    THE TSIMSHIAN HOMELAND: AN ANCIENT CULTURAL LANDSCAPE By KEN DOWNS Integrated Studies Project submitted to Dr. Leslie Main Johnson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts – Integrated Studies Athabasca, Alberta February, 2006 The Tsimshian Homeland: An Ancient Cultural Landscape Questioning the “Pristine Myth” in Northwestern British Columbia What are the needs of all these plants? This is the critical question for us. Rest, protection, appreciation and respect are a few of the values we need to give these generous fellow passengers through time. K”ii7lljuus (Barbara Wilson 2004:216) Ksan (Skeena River) downstream from Kitsumkalum looking toward Terrace Master of Integrated Studies Final Project – Athabasca University Submitted to Dr. Leslie Main Johnson – February 25, 2006 – Ken Downs Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………….... … 4 Tsimshian Landscape ………………………………………………… 6 Tsimshian Archaeology………………………………......................... 12 Tsimshian: “Complex Hunter-Gatherers”? ............................................ 15 Investigations of Tsimshian Agriculture – Field Research …………….. 17 Results of Fieldwork (2003-2005) ……………………………………… 19 Kalum Canyon Sites …………………………………………………….. 36 Adawx: Oral Histories of the Canyon …………………………………… 45 Canyon Tsimshian Plant Resources and Management ………………….. 48 Significant Plants at Kalum Canyon …………………………………….. 50 Kalum Canyon Agro-Ecosystems ………………………………………… 66 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………….. 69 Further Research …………………………………………………………… 74 Acknowledgements
    [Show full text]
  • Hazeltons, British Columbia
    FOLLOW THE Hands of History Follow the “Hands of History”… The Hazeltons, British Columbia Muldoe Road (Muldoon Rd) Welcome to one of British your pace, the tour will Kispiox Rodeo Grounds Columbia’s most historic take 4 to 8 hours. (Dean Road) and scenic areas. Immerse Seventeen Mile Road Kispiox River The route is described in yourself in centuries of Date Creek two segments, each com- Forest Service Rd First Nations culture and Swan Lake Rd mencing at the Visitor learn dramatic tales of Skeena River pioneer settlement by taking the “Hands of His- GITANYOW - Hand of History Sign location KISPIOX tory” self-guided driving (Kitwancool) tour. The Tour is marked - Tour part 1 Gitanyow Road - Tour part 2 by a series of distinctive - Tourism feature “Hand of History” sign- 37 Kispiox Valley Rd GLEN VOWELL posts. Each of these mark- N ers displays a Gitxsan Kitwanga River design of peace, an open GITANMAAX hand, and a short de- HAZELTON TWO MILE Ksan Bulkey River HAGWILGET scription of a person, his- Ross Lake Provincial Park SOUTH Six Mile Lake torical event, or landform HAZELTON Hazelton-Kitwanga Backroad NEW Bulkey River that played an important Ross Lake Rd (Road ends here) HAZELTON part in the history of the Braucher Rd KITWANGA Kitwanga Fort National Historic Site Seeley Lake Upper Skeena region. Provincial Park 16 The entire Tour covers To Terrace GITWANGAK To Moricetown 150 miles or 240 kilome- Skeena River and Smithers tres but is easily modifi ed 16 Skeena Crossing Rd to fi t your schedule and Skeena Crossing interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Skeena River Estuary Juvenile Salmon Habitat
    Skeena River Estuary Juvenile Salmon Habitat May 21, 2014 Research carried out by Ocean Ecology 1662 Parmenter Ave. Prince Rupert, BC V8J 4R3 Telephone: (250) 622-2501 Email: [email protected] Skeena River Estuary Skeena River Estuary Juvenile Salmon Habitat Skeena Wild Conservation Trust 4505 Greig Avenue Terrace, B.C. V8G 1M6 and Skeena Watershed Conservation Coalition PO Box 70 Hazelton, B.C. V0J 1Y0 Prepared by: Ocean Ecology Cover photo: Brian Huntington Ocean Ecology Skeena River Estuary Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... vi 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Chatham Sound ................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Skeena River Estuary ..................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Environmental Concerns ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Skeena River SUMMER STEELHEAD & SALMON ______
    Jeff Bright Steelhead Flyfishing Expeditions 1825 15TH STREET NO.1 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103 WWW.JEFFBRIGHT.COM 415.317.9400 Skeena River SUMMER STEELHEAD & SALMON __________________ NICHOLAS DEAN OUTDOORS Skeena Camp AUGUST 15–21, AUGUST 22–28, 2010 Northwest British Columbia’s Skeena River is the steelhead and salmon superhighway. In summer, particularly during the month of August, the lower main channel Skeena hosts vast numbers of migrating steelhead, chinook, coho, sockeye, chums and pinks headed for numerous upriver tributaries. To take full advantage of this prolific fishery and offer a high-quality, high-value fishing adventure, Nicholas Dean Lodge has developed an on- river Skeena Camp package. This is a very rare opportunity to hook the largest steelhead on Earth in their peak physical condition. Jeff Bright Steelhead Flyfishing Expeditions 1825 15TH STREET NO.1 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103 WWW.JEFFBRIGHT.COM 415.317.9400 L: The Skeena’s summer-run coho are prized gamefish. R: Steelhead and salmon migrate along the big river’s edge, making riffles and breaks prime targets for swinging flies. Skeena River SUMMER STEELHEAD & SALMON | AUGUST 15–21, AUGUST 22–28, 2010 | NICHOLAS DEAN OUTDOORS Skeena Camp The River, the Fish & the Season Where do you go to pursue the largest, meanest steelhead on the planet? Where in the world can you hook coho to 20 pounds, tackle-busting chums to 30 pounds and massive, fly-mashing chinook to who-knows-how-many pounds? How about sporty chrome-bright sockeyes on the fly? Or scores of spunky humpbacked pinks? How about all six of these species in a single day? All these questions can be answered with one word: Skeena.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Salmon: the Evolution of the Skeena River Sockeye Salmon Fishery in British Columbia
    Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Salmon: The Evolution of the Skeena River Sockeye Salmon Fishery in British Columbia. Chris C. Wood Head, Conservation Biology Section Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C. Canada V9R 5K6 E-Mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 1 The Skeena River Salmon Resource ....................................................................................................... 2 The ecosystem.................................................................................................................................... 2 The salmon fisheries .......................................................................................................................... 2 Aboriginal .................................................................................................................................... 2 Commercial.................................................................................................................................. 3 Recreational ................................................................................................................................. 3 Resource status..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of Chinook Salmon Stock Composition Data to Management of the Queen Charlotte Islands Troll Fishery, 2002 to 2005
    The Application of Chinook Salmon Stock Composition Data to Management of the Queen Charlotte Islands Troll Fishery, 2002 to 2005 I. Winther and T.D. Beacham Fisheries and Oceans Canada Science Branch, Pacific Region Pacific Biological Station 3190 Hammond Bay Rd. Nanaimo, BC V9T-6N7 2006 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2665 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and indexed in the Department’s annual index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1 - 456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457 - 714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Out-of-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais que ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for the Green Sturgeon (Acipenser Medirostris) in Canada
    Proposed Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series Management Plan for the Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in Canada Green Sturgeon 2016 Recommended citation: Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2016. Management Plan for the Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa. v + 36 pp. Additional copies: For copies of the Management Plan, or for additional information on species at risk, including COSEWIC Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk Public Registry. Cover illustration: Daniel W. Gotshall Également disponible en français sous le titre «Projet de plan de gestion de Esturgeon Verte (Acipenser medirostris) au Canada» © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, 2016. All rights reserved. ISBN ISBN to be included by SARA Responsible Agency Catalogue no. Catalogue no. to be included by SARA Responsible Agency Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source Management Plan for the Green Sturgeon 2016 PREFACE Under the Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c.29) (SARA), the federal competent ministers are responsible for the preparation of management plans for listed species of special concern and are required to report on progress within five years. The federal, provincial, and territorial government signatories under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996) agreed to establish complementary legislation and programs that provide for effective protection of species at risk throughout Canada. The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency are the competent ministers under SARA for the Green Sturgeon and have prepared this Management Plan as per section 65 of SARA.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Water Our Way
    Protecting Water Our Way FIRST NATIONS FRESHWATER GOVERNANCE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA CONTENTS The First Nations Fisheries Council’s Water for Fish Freshwater Initiative ...............................................................1 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 About this Report ...................................................................................................................................................................4 Protecting Water Our Way: Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5 Whose Water is it, Anyway? A Word on Aboriginal Water Rights ...............................................................................8 First Nations-Led Freshwater Governance and Planning in British Columbia: Five Case Stories ........................ 14 1. Yinka Dene ‘Uza’hné Water Declaration and Policy Standards ........................................................................... 15 2. Syilx Nation and siw kw (Water) Declaration and Water Responsibility Planning Methodology ................ 19 3. Water Monitoring: Gateway to Governance ...........................................................................................................25 4. Tla’amin Nation and Negotiating Shared Decision Making in the Theodosia River Watershed .................29 5. Cowichan Tribes and the
    [Show full text]
  • Population Structure of Eulachon Thaleichthys Pacificus from Northern California To
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.126268; this version posted September 5, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. v.0.2 1 Population structure of eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus from Northern California to 2 Alaska using single nucleotide polymorphisms from direct amplicon sequencing 3 Ben J. G. Sutherland1*, John Candy1, Kayla Mohns1, Olivia Cornies1, Kim Jonsen1, Khai Le1, Richard G. 4 Gustafson2, Krista M. Nichols2, Terry D. Beacham1 5 1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, 6 Canada 7 2 Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 8 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA 9 *Author for correspondence: BJGS 10 11 ABSTRACT 12 Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus, a culturally and ecologically important anadromous smelt (Family Osmeridae), 13 ranges from Northern California to the southeast Bering Sea. In recent decades, some populations have experienced 14 declines. Here we use a contig-level genome assembly combined with previously published RADseq-derived 15 markers to construct an amplicon panel for eulachon. Using this panel, we develop a filtered genetic baseline of 521 16 variant loci genotyped in 1,989 individuals from 14 populations ranging from Northern California through Central 17 Alaska. Consistent with prior genetic studies, the strongest separation occurs among three main regions: from 18 Northern California up to and including the Fraser River; north of the Fraser River to southeast Alaska; and within 19 the Gulf of Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • Stock Productivity, Carrying Capacity, and Habitat Utilization of Thompson River Steelhead, As Estimated from 2001-2012 Juvenile Abundance Data
    Stock Productivity, Carrying Capacity, and Habitat Utilization of Thompson River Steelhead, as Estimated from 2001-2012 Juvenile Abundance Data. A. Scott Decker1, John Hagen2, and Robert G. Bison3 Prepared for: British Columbia Ministry of Natural Resource Operations Fish and Wildlife Branch 1259 Dalhousie Drive, Kamloops BC and #107-19 Dallas Road, Victoria BC October, 2015 1 1034 Fraser Street, Kamloops BC, V2C 3H7, [email protected] 2 330 Alward St., Prince George, BC, V2M 2E3, [email protected] 3 1259 Dalhousie Drive, Kamloops BC, V2C 5Z5, [email protected] ABSTRACT Stock-recruitment relationships for steelhead populations can be used to define biological reference points that signal the need for management changes. During 2001-2012 we conducted regular monitoring of age-1+ rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) parr abundance in steelhead streams of the Thompson River basin, in order to develop adult-to-age-1+ stock-recruitment relationships for the system. Fall standing stocks of steelhead parr in the lower Thompson River and in three tributary basins (Deadman, Bonaparte, and Nicola) were estimated using calibrated night snorkel counts and single-pass electrofishing. Each year a total of 123-159 sites were sampled in 19 reach/habitat type strata representing 480 km of juvenile rearing habitat. Mean detection probabilities for snorkeling and single-pass electrofishing, based on mark-recapture and three-pass depletion electrofishing, respectively, were relatively high (65% and 83%, respectively) and precise (CV = 0.24 and 0.20, respectively), suggesting that both methods provided reliable estimates of parr density in all reaches of the study area when adjusted for sampling efficiency.
    [Show full text]