Bibliotheca Botanica Original Contributions to Botany,Botany founded in 1886 ISSN 0067-7892

Bibliotheca Botanica, Volume 159

Arno Wörz: Revision of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae-Saniculoideae): General part and Palaearctic species 2011. 498 pages, 84 gures, 41 tables, 12 plates, 31 x 23 cm. ISBN 978-3-510-48030-2, bound 189.– € www.schweizerbart.com/9783510480302

This new and profusely illustrated part of its habitat: biological and Lessonia) and lead to the descrip- monograph exhaustively treats non-biological parameters form the tion of a small new subgenus, E. and revises the Eurasian and Af- basis of an organism’s existence subg. Ilicifolia. rican species of the genus Eryn- by de ning its evolutionary chal- gium [E:Eryngo, D:Mannstreu, F: lenges. The special part of this revision Panicaut]. Eryngium is an annual The monograph is divided into two treats 61 Eurasian and North Afri- and perennial cosmopolitan. The parts: can species in detail, providing de- genus has the largest number of scriptions, distribution maps, illus- species (230) within the family The general part presents the trations and keys for identi cation. Apiaceae. general morphology and results Extensive herbarium studies form Numerous characteristics of Eryn- of a cladistic analysis of Eryngium the basis of this work. Phytosocio- gium are considered: general mor- (using morphology, fruit anatomy, logical data serve as indicators for phological, chemotaxonomic and ecological data) and compares ecological requirements. genetic characteristics, chromo- these with genetic data. The re- An extensive list of more than 600 some counts as well as ecologi- sults validate the classi cation references, supplemented by lists cal properties, distribution, fossil of the genus into ve subgenera of valid and illegal names com- record and reproductive biology. (subgg. Eryngium, Monocotyloi- pletes this volume. Every species, every individual is dea, Semiaquatica, Foetida, and

 Schweizerbart Science Publishers Johannesstr. 3A, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany., Tel. +49 (0)711 351456-0, Fax +49 (0)711 351456-99, [email protected], www.schweizerbart.de Bibliotheca Botanica 159

Preface ...... 5 7. Eryngium: Classi cation and Evolution ...... 77 Abstract ...... 6 7.1 The Position of Eryngium within the Saniculoideae . . 77 I General part: Taxonomy, Biogeography and Evolution . 9 7.2 The Subgeneric Classi cation ...... 77 1. Introduction ...... 9 7.3 Cladistic Analysis ...... 79 2. History of Illustration and Research in Eryngium . . . . .10 7.3.1 General ...... 79 3. Material and Methods ...... 14 7.3.2 Cladistic analysis of Subg. Eryngium ...... 81 3.1 Nomenclature and Herbarium Studies ...... 14 7.3.3 The clade of Subg. Ilicifolia ...... 81 3.2 Phytosociological Methods ...... 14 7.3.4 The cladistic analysis of subgg. Foetida, Monoco- 3.3 Distribution Maps ...... 14 tyloidea, and Semiaquatica ...... 81 3.4 Chromosome Numbers...... 15 7.4 Comparison with Molecular Results ...... 86 3.5 Fruit Anatomical and Petal Morphological Studies . . .15 7.5 Fossil Records ...... 88 3.6 Cladistic and Systematic Methods ...... 19 7.6 Biogeography...... 88 4. Reproductive biology ...... 32 8. Sectional classi cation and keys ...... 91 5. The Characters and their Taxonomic Values ...... 33 8.1 Division of Eryngium into subgenera ...... 91 5.1 Morphological and Anatomical Characters ...... 33 8.2 Division of Eryngium subg. Eryngium into sections . . 91 5.1.1 The Habits and Life Forms ...... 33 8.3 Division of the sections of Eryngium subg. Eryngium 5.1.2 Rhizomes and Tubers ...... 33 into species ...... 92 5.1.3 Aerial Stems ...... 33 8.4 Description of the anomalous Eryngium sect. Aquifolia 5.1.4 Basal Leaves ...... 33 and the division of this section into species ...... 96 5.1.5 Cauline Leaves ...... 36 8.5 Description of Eryngium subg. Ilicifolia and the division 5.1.6 Leaf Sheaths ...... 37 of this subgenus into species...... 97 5.1.7 Stomata Types...... 37 8.6 Division of Eryngium subg. Semiaquatica into species 97 5.1.8 Collenchyma...... 37 8.7 Division of the European and North African species of 5.1.9 Capitula, In orescences, and Syn orescences . .37 Eryngium subg. Semiaquatica ...... 98 5.1.10 Involucral leaves...... 37 II Systematic treatment of the Eurasian and North 5.1.11 Bracts ...... 38 African Species ...... 99 5.1.12 Sepals ...... 38 9. Eryngium subg. Eryngium ...... 99 5.1.13 Petals ...... 39 10. Eryngium subg. Ilicifolia ...... 391 5.1.14 Nectarium ...... 39 11. Eryngium tenue ...... 405 5.1.15 Pollen ...... 44 12. Eryngium subg. Semiaquatica...... 441 5.1.16 Mericarps ...... 44 13. Hybrids of Eryngium ...... 441 5.1.17 Seedlings ...... 51 14. Nomina illegitima, nomina nuda ...... 447 5.2 Chemical Characteristics ...... 51 14.1. Nomina illegitima ...... 447 5.3 Cytological Characteristics ...... 56 14.2. Nomina nuda ...... 447 5.3.1 Results and General Remarks ...... 56 15. Acknowledgements ...... 448 5.3.2 Discussion and Evolutionary Trends ...... 56 16. References ...... 450 5.4 Ecological Characteristics ...... 67 17. Index nominum ...... 471 5.4.1 General ...... 67 5.4.2 The Habitat Types ...... 67 5.4.3 Discussion of the ecological characteristics . . . . 74 6. Nomenclature and Description of the genus Eryngium L. 76

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____ Ex. A. Wörz, Revision of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae-Saniculoideae): General part and Palaearctic species Bibliotheca Botanica 159. 2011. ISBN 978-3-510-48030-2, 189.– €. Name: Address:

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