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Molluscs of the Natural Well Locality, Duplin

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Molluscs of the Natural Well Locality, Duplin MOLLUSCS OF THE NATURAL WELL LOCALITY, DUPLIN STRATOTYPE, NEAR MAGNOLIA, NORTH CAROLINA, AND REDISCOVERY OF CARINORBIS QUADRICOSTATA (EMMONS, 1858) (GASTROPODA: AMATHINIDAE) L.D. CAMPBELL DIVISION OF NATURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SPARTANBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA 29303 D.C. CAMPBELL and J.G. CARTER DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA 27599 I. ABSTRACT na, the Duplin Formation contained both a The Duplin Formation stratotype at the sandy shell "marl" stratum and an under­ Natural Well limestone sink near Mag­ lying argillaceous bed. Cooke (1945) ex­ nolia, North Carolina, is commonly panded the formational concept to include thought to be the source of one of the most "late Miocene" (now Lower and mid-Plio­ thoroughly documented Pliocene mollus­ cene) deposits extending from the Neuse can faunas in the Carolinas. However, few River to northern and western Florida. of the 196 species listed by Dall (1903) as Huddle (1940, p. 227) reported a section of from "the Duplin well or the adjacent vil­ "5-10' of Pleistocene sand, 3-4' of shell marl lage of Magnolia" were actually collected and about 14' of light green calcareous and from Natural Well. Neither the coding of argillaceous sand with interbedded calcar­ Dall's lists nor reference in text clearly in­ eous sandstones." However, Huddle re­ dicates which specimens were collected ported Eocene microfossils from the green, from the stratotype section. argillaceous sand, leaving only 3 to 4 feet of A stratigraphically pure Natural Well Duplin stratotype. collection, housed in the Geology Depart­ Berry (1947) included the Duplin within ment of the University of North Carolina at an expandf'd concE'pt of the Yorktown Chapel Hill, contains 239 molluscan species Formation. Ward et al. (1979) abandoned (Appendix I). The faunule is low in en­ the term "Duplin Formation" in favor of a demics and high in first appearances of similarly expanded Yorktown concept, but species that continue into the younger Bailey (1987) and Ward, Bailey, and Carter Waccamaw faunas. Like the correlative (1991) have resurrected the Duplin. Tearcoat Branch and Muldrow Place The discovery of at least three transgres­ faunules the Natural Well faunule con- ' sive-regressive pulses, each with related tains only a single pectinid species, the but distinctive faunas, in the "Duplin" of ubiquitous Carolinapecten eboreus. South Carolma (M. Campbell, 1992) The UNC-CH collections contain a prompted a reE;:xamination of the reported number of rare and u nusual species, in­ fauna at Natural Well. Dall (1903, p. 1599- cluding a single sp ecimen of Carinorbis 1603) listed approximately 300 species of quadricostata (Emmons, 1858). This is only "Duplin" mollu. cs, but Dal!'~ list w~s a the third recorded sp ecimen of this rare compositE:· from several localities and liter­ and endemic species, and the first that per­ ature citations, including 196 species "au­ mits comparative systematic analysis. The thentically collPC'ted at the Duplin well or genus Carinorbis has been ove rlook~d or the adjacent village of Magn oli~ ?Y inaccurately synonymized in most litera­ Burns." ThE.• compo~ite nature of this hst ture. was soon overlooked in subsequent litera­ ture. Clark et al. ( 1912, p. 241) observed: II. INTRODUCTION "Many lists of fossils obtained at the The Duplin beds have had a varied ~1~­ Natural Well have been published at vari­ tory of stratigraphic assignments. Origi­ ous times. The most complete one is that nally defined (Da ll and Harris, 1892) m given by W. II. Dall in vol. III o~ the Tran~­ terms of the Hodge (1842) section ~t actions of the Wagner Free Institute of Sci- Natural Well near Magnolia, North Caroh- ence. " 165 166 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27 _........ - - _....._ - - - ~ --~-~ .... - ~ -- ......_ ~ - - - ~ - -4- - ~......- Text-figure 1. Location of Natural Well, near Magnolia, North Carolina. Warsaw South 7.5 minute quadrangle. Figure after Carter et al. , 1988. Dall's Duplin list contained Terebraspira Chesapecten madisonius (10-16 rib form) is elegans (Emmons), Barbatia centenaria restricted to the basal beds, and Barbatia (Say), and Mercenaria tridacnoides centenaria, Mercenaria tridacnoides, and (Lamarck). He records several pectinids Chesapecten septenarius are present only from "Natural Well and Magnolia," includ­ in the lower and middle (pre-Duplin equi­ ing Chesapecten septenarius and Amusium valent) Zone 2 beds (L. Campbell, 1993). mortoni. Chesapecten edgecombensis ( = C. Typical Chesapecten madisonius (16-26 rib madisonius) was cited as Duplin, but with­ form) is found throughout the middle and out specific locality. upper beds of Zone 2 (L. Campbell, 1993). These species have not been recovered Consequently, both Dall's general "Dup­ subsequently from Natural Well or equiva­ lin" list and the specific records in text ap­ lent beds, but are characteristic of the pear to represent a stratigraphically com­ older Goose Creek Limestone and Raysor posite assemblage. faunas in South Carolina. In southern Flor­ Dall and Harris (1892, p. 72-73) observed ida, Chesapecten septenarius and C. of Natural Well: madisonius (low rib number form) are re­ stricted to the Tamiami Limestone, a pre­ "This locality has recently been visited by Mr. Frank Burns, of the U. S. Geological Survey, Pinecrest (i.e., pre-Duplin) unit, and Mer­ who reports the 'well' or sink to be situated in cenaria tridacnoides is found only in the the midst of a hard-wood 'hammock' covering Tamiami and the basal Pinecrest. In the a few acres ... Much of the marl has been re­ Virginia Yorktown Zone 2 faunas, moved for use as a fertilizer and good speci- Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 167 mens of fossils are now rare. But better ex­ posures of the marl can be found in the im­ biota. Two hundred and thirty-nine mol­ mediate neighborhood of Magnolia, a village luscan species can be documented in liter­ about 2 miles northeast from the well. On the ature_ or in the Chapel Hill collection (Ap­ farm of Mr. Strickland, 1 1/2 miles northwest pendix I). Preliminary comparisons indi­ from Magnolia, the same bed afforded better cate a strong correlation with the faunule preserved fossils than at the well, while on at Tearcoat Branch, Sumter County, the farm of Mr. Hollingsworth, 2 miles north­ S~uth Carolina (S. Campbell, 1974), and east of Magnolia, the marl is cemented into a with the Cancellaria zone fauna of western comparatively solid rock, hard enough to Florida (Mansfield, 1930, 1932). The nan­ burn for lime." nofossil age of the Natural Well stratotype In other words, few if any of the Burns was given by Cronin et al. (1984) as NN 16- collection specimens recorded from 18. Natural Well and the vicinity of Magnolia We concur with Bailey (1987) that the and cited by Dall (1890-1903) , Mansfield term "Duplin" should be reinstated, but (1930, 1932) and Gardner (1944, 1948) actu­ we suggef:.t that the lithostratigraphic con­ ally came from Natural Well. Apparently, cept should be narrowly restricted to the the Strickland farm is the source of most of Natural Well stratotype and lithologically Burns' "Natural Well" specimens, but the equivalent beds. Owens (1991) mapped the Hollingsworth farm cemented marl "hard area from Cape Fear to Georgetown, enough to burn for lime" suggests Goose South Carolina, using an expanded con­ Creek Limestone lithologies, which would cept of the Duplin Formation, while provide a credible source for the Chesapec­ Weems and Lemon (1988) mapped quad­ ten species and other anomalous "Natural rangles in the Charleston area, using a Well" pectinids. An abbreviated as­ more restricted concept. semblage from the Strickland farm is pre­ Using a narrow lithostratigraphic inter­ served in the U. S. Geological Survey pretation of the Natural Well stratotype, stratigraphic collections at the National the Duplin includes: (1) the Natural Well Museum in Washington, D. C. Hodge (1842, section; (2) the Strickland Farm; (3) Bed E p . 335-336) stated that "the shells [at at the Robeson Farm near Tar Heel, North Natural Well] are of a great variety of spe­ Carolina (Britt et al., 1992); (4) Tearcoat cies belonging to this formation, and they Branch and Muldrow Place, Sumter lie promiscuously together in great confu­ County, South Carolina (S. Campbell, sion. " One hundred and fifty years later, 1974); and (5) Kirby's Pond, Timmonsville, the Natural Well faunule continues to lie in Florence County, South Carolina. A total a state of unsuspected confusion. of 453 rnolluf:.can species can be From the 1890's to the early 1950's, ac­ documented from these sites. A biostrati­ cess to the Duplin sands at Natural Well graphic statistica! summary of the Natural was limited by the precipitous nature of Well faunule is givPn in Table 1. the exposure and the undercutting pro­ The Natural Wel: faunule includes many duced from mining the Duplin layer for ag­ tropical and sub tropical elements. The ricultural lime. In the early 1950's, Charles Duplin fauna, typifit~d by the Natural Well Locklin had a ramp cut to facilitate collect­ faunule, is low in endemics, being a major ing (Druid Wilson, 1990, personal com­ transitional fauna in both space and time. munication). The Caloosahatchee and Spatially, the :-;ubtropical Duplin borrows Pinecrest portions of the Locklin collection heavily from the tropical Pinecrest faunas went to the Academy of Natural Sciences of ~outhern Florida and from the rich, of Philadelphia (Olsson and Harbison, warm temperate faunas of the Yorktown 1953), bµt we have not located the Locklin in Virginia and northern North Carolina. Natural Well collection. Lateral biofacies are admixed at Natural An independent and stratigraphically Well, Tearcoat Branch, Muldrow Place, pure collection of Natural Well fossils at and Timmon~ville, each locality blending the University of North Carolina at Chapel taxa typical of modern littoral, sublittoral, Hill , assembled by John W.
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