MOLLUSCS OF THE NATURAL WELL LOCALITY, DUPLIN STRATOTYPE, NEAR MAGNOLIA, NORTH CAROLINA, AND REDISCOVERY OF CARINORBIS QUADRICOSTATA (EMMONS, 1858) (GASTROPODA: AMATHINIDAE)
L.D. CAMPBELL DIVISION OF NATURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SPARTANBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA 29303
D.C. CAMPBELL and J.G. CARTER DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA 27599
I. ABSTRACT na, the Duplin Formation contained both a The Duplin Formation stratotype at the sandy shell "marl" stratum and an under Natural Well limestone sink near Mag lying argillaceous bed. Cooke (1945) ex nolia, North Carolina, is commonly panded the formational concept to include thought to be the source of one of the most "late Miocene" (now Lower and mid-Plio thoroughly documented Pliocene mollus cene) deposits extending from the Neuse can faunas in the Carolinas. However, few River to northern and western Florida. of the 196 species listed by Dall (1903) as Huddle (1940, p. 227) reported a section of from "the Duplin well or the adjacent vil "5-10' of Pleistocene sand, 3-4' of shell marl lage of Magnolia" were actually collected and about 14' of light green calcareous and from Natural Well. Neither the coding of argillaceous sand with interbedded calcar Dall's lists nor reference in text clearly in eous sandstones." However, Huddle re dicates which specimens were collected ported Eocene microfossils from the green, from the stratotype section. argillaceous sand, leaving only 3 to 4 feet of A stratigraphically pure Natural Well Duplin stratotype. collection, housed in the Geology Depart Berry (1947) included the Duplin within ment of the University of North Carolina at an expandf'd concE'pt of the Yorktown Chapel Hill, contains 239 molluscan species Formation. Ward et al. (1979) abandoned (Appendix I). The faunule is low in en the term "Duplin Formation" in favor of a demics and high in first appearances of similarly expanded Yorktown concept, but species that continue into the younger Bailey (1987) and Ward, Bailey, and Carter Waccamaw faunas. Like the correlative (1991) have resurrected the Duplin. Tearcoat Branch and Muldrow Place The discovery of at least three transgres faunules the Natural Well faunule con- ' sive-regressive pulses, each with related tains only a single pectinid species, the but distinctive faunas, in the "Duplin" of ubiquitous Carolinapecten eboreus. South Carolma (M. Campbell, 1992) The UNC-CH collections contain a prompted a reE;:xamination of the reported number of rare and u nusual species, in fauna at Natural Well. Dall (1903, p. 1599- cluding a single sp ecimen of Carinorbis 1603) listed approximately 300 species of quadricostata (Emmons, 1858). This is only "Duplin" mollu. cs, but Dal!'~ list w~s a the third recorded sp ecimen of this rare compositE:· from several localities and liter and endemic species, and the first that per ature citations, including 196 species "au mits comparative systematic analysis. The thentically collPC'ted at the Duplin well or genus Carinorbis has been ove rlook~d or the adjacent village of Magn oli~ ?Y inaccurately synonymized in most litera Burns." ThE.• compo~ite nature of this hst ture. was soon overlooked in subsequent litera ture. Clark et al. ( 1912, p. 241) observed: II. INTRODUCTION "Many lists of fossils obtained at the The Duplin beds have had a varied ~1~ Natural Well have been published at vari tory of stratigraphic assignments. Origi ous times. The most complete one is that nally defined (Da ll and Harris, 1892) m given by W. II. Dall in vol. III o~ the Tran~ terms of the Hodge (1842) section ~t actions of the Wagner Free Institute of Sci- Natural Well near Magnolia, North Caroh- ence. " 165 166 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27
_...... - - _....._ - - - ~ --~-~ .... - ~ -- ...... _ ~ - - - ~
- -4- - ~...... -
Text-figure 1. Location of Natural Well, near Magnolia, North Carolina. Warsaw South 7.5 minute quadrangle. Figure after Carter et al. , 1988.
Dall's Duplin list contained Terebraspira Chesapecten madisonius (10-16 rib form) is elegans (Emmons), Barbatia centenaria restricted to the basal beds, and Barbatia (Say), and Mercenaria tridacnoides centenaria, Mercenaria tridacnoides, and (Lamarck). He records several pectinids Chesapecten septenarius are present only from "Natural Well and Magnolia," includ in the lower and middle (pre-Duplin equi ing Chesapecten septenarius and Amusium valent) Zone 2 beds (L. Campbell, 1993). mortoni. Chesapecten edgecombensis ( = C. Typical Chesapecten madisonius (16-26 rib madisonius) was cited as Duplin, but with form) is found throughout the middle and out specific locality. upper beds of Zone 2 (L. Campbell, 1993). These species have not been recovered Consequently, both Dall's general "Dup subsequently from Natural Well or equiva lin" list and the specific records in text ap lent beds, but are characteristic of the pear to represent a stratigraphically com older Goose Creek Limestone and Raysor posite assemblage. faunas in South Carolina. In southern Flor Dall and Harris (1892, p. 72-73) observed ida, Chesapecten septenarius and C. of Natural Well: madisonius (low rib number form) are re stricted to the Tamiami Limestone, a pre "This locality has recently been visited by Mr. Frank Burns, of the U. S. Geological Survey, Pinecrest (i.e., pre-Duplin) unit, and Mer who reports the 'well' or sink to be situated in cenaria tridacnoides is found only in the the midst of a hard-wood 'hammock' covering Tamiami and the basal Pinecrest. In the a few acres ... . Much of the marl has been re Virginia Yorktown Zone 2 faunas, moved for use as a fertilizer and good speci- Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 167
mens of fossils are now rare. But better ex posures of the marl can be found in the im biota. Two hundred and thirty-nine mol mediate neighborhood of Magnolia, a village luscan species can be documented in liter about 2 miles northeast from the well. On the ature_ or in the Chapel Hill collection (Ap farm of Mr. Strickland, 1 1/2 miles northwest pendix I). Preliminary comparisons indi from Magnolia, the same bed afforded better cate a strong correlation with the faunule preserved fossils than at the well, while on at Tearcoat Branch, Sumter County, the farm of Mr. Hollingsworth, 2 miles north S~uth Carolina (S. Campbell, 1974), and east of Magnolia, the marl is cemented into a with the Cancellaria zone fauna of western comparatively solid rock, hard enough to Florida (Mansfield, 1930, 1932). The nan burn for lime." nofossil age of the Natural Well stratotype In other words, few if any of the Burns was given by Cronin et al. (1984) as NN 16- collection specimens recorded from 18. Natural Well and the vicinity of Magnolia We concur with Bailey (1987) that the and cited by Dall (1890-1903) , Mansfield term "Duplin" should be reinstated, but (1930, 1932) and Gardner (1944, 1948) actu we suggef:.t that the lithostratigraphic con ally came from Natural Well. Apparently, cept should be narrowly restricted to the the Strickland farm is the source of most of Natural Well stratotype and lithologically Burns' "Natural Well" specimens, but the equivalent beds. Owens (1991) mapped the Hollingsworth farm cemented marl "hard area from Cape Fear to Georgetown, enough to burn for lime" suggests Goose South Carolina, using an expanded con Creek Limestone lithologies, which would cept of the Duplin Formation, while provide a credible source for the Chesapec Weems and Lemon (1988) mapped quad ten species and other anomalous "Natural rangles in the Charleston area, using a Well" pectinids. An abbreviated as more restricted concept. semblage from the Strickland farm is pre Using a narrow lithostratigraphic inter served in the U. S. Geological Survey pretation of the Natural Well stratotype, stratigraphic collections at the National the Duplin includes: (1) the Natural Well Museum in Washington, D. C. Hodge (1842, section; (2) the Strickland Farm; (3) Bed E p . 335-336) stated that "the shells [at at the Robeson Farm near Tar Heel, North Natural Well] are of a great variety of spe Carolina (Britt et al., 1992); (4) Tearcoat cies belonging to this formation, and they Branch and Muldrow Place, Sumter lie promiscuously together in great confu County, South Carolina (S. Campbell, sion. " One hundred and fifty years later, 1974); and (5) Kirby's Pond, Timmonsville, the Natural Well faunule continues to lie in Florence County, South Carolina. A total a state of unsuspected confusion. of 453 rnolluf:.can species can be From the 1890's to the early 1950's, ac documented from these sites. A biostrati cess to the Duplin sands at Natural Well graphic statistica! summary of the Natural was limited by the precipitous nature of Well faunule is givPn in Table 1. the exposure and the undercutting pro The Natural Wel: faunule includes many duced from mining the Duplin layer for ag tropical and sub tropical elements. The ricultural lime. In the early 1950's, Charles Duplin fauna, typifit~d by the Natural Well Locklin had a ramp cut to facilitate collect faunule, is low in endemics, being a major ing (Druid Wilson, 1990, personal com transitional fauna in both space and time. munication). The Caloosahatchee and Spatially, the :-;ubtropical Duplin borrows Pinecrest portions of the Locklin collection heavily from the tropical Pinecrest faunas went to the Academy of Natural Sciences of ~outhern Florida and from the rich, of Philadelphia (Olsson and Harbison, warm temperate faunas of the Yorktown 1953), bµt we have not located the Locklin in Virginia and northern North Carolina. Natural Well collection. Lateral biofacies are admixed at Natural An independent and stratigraphically Well, Tearcoat Branch, Muldrow Place, pure collection of Natural Well fossils at and Timmon~ville, each locality blending the University of North Carolina at Chapel taxa typical of modern littoral, sublittoral, Hill , assembled by John W. Frink, Walter shallow, mid-, and outer shelf biotopes. Wheeler, Joseph G. Carter, and their stu Despite the resulting diversity, the Natural de nts over the past sixty years, permits a Well fauna has yielded only a single pec reexamination of the stratotype Duplin tinid species, the ubiquitous Carolinapec- 168 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27
TABLEl STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF DUPLIN MOLLUSCAN SIMILARITY LEVELS
R uw LW E D RA UGC LGC M % 18.8 46.0 46.0 64.5 95.8 45.6 38.5 24 .3 18.0 Dice .179 .383 .341 .155 .662 .487 .441 .324 .248 o/c = Percentage in Common Dice = Dice Similarity Index (2 x C) I (A + B ) C = species in common, A = species in assemblage A , B = species in assemblage B
R = also Recent; UW = Upper Waccamaw; LW = Lower Waccamaw; E = beds at Elizabethtown; D = Duplin; RA = Raysor; UGC = Upper Goose Creek Limestone; LGC = Lower Goose Creek Limestone; M = also Miocene. (For more detailed stratigraphy, see M. Campbell and L. Campbell , this volume).
Note: The Natural Well faunule does not completely equate with the Duplin standard b e cause a small number of tax a from Natural Well were not identified to species.
ten eboreus. The older, less diverse Raysor whorl flattened above; umbilicus small, and the and Goose Creek faunas have higher rates space beneath it channeled; peristome continu of endemism and include several pectinid ous." (Conrad, 1862, p. 288) species. Discussion: Conrad (1862) originally as As a time-transitional fauna, the Duplin signed two species to Carinorbis: Del combines many last-appearance records phinula lyra Conrad, 1834, and Delphinula from the older Raysor and Goose Creek quadricostata Emmons, 1858. No type spe faunas with numerous first-appearances of cies was originally or subsequently desig species continuing into the younger Wac nated. Conrad (1863, p. 570) then muddled camaw faunas. the concept of Carinorbis by assigning to it The University of North Carolina four additional species, a trochid and three Natural Well collection contains a number very different vitrinellids, none of which of unusual species, including a single spec are congeneric with Delphinula lyra and imen of Carinorbis quadricostata (Em Delphinula quadricostata. mons, 1858), a species which has not been Carinorbis lyra is the first named of Con recognized subsequent to its initial discov rad's (1862) cited species, and it is common ery. This discovery prompted a review of in some Yorktown faunules. In contrast, the genus Carinorbis Conrad, 1862, and Carinorbis quadricostata (Emmons) is the two Duplin species in this genus. known from only three specimens includ ing the missing holotype, and is found only III. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY at Natural Well. We, therefore, designate Delphinula lyra Conrad, 1834 (probable Class GASTROPODA syntypes ANSP 30731) as type of Carinor Superfamily PYRAMIDELLOIDEA bis Conrad (1862), although the choice does Family AMATHINIDAE Ponder, 1987 not affect the nature of the genus since the Genus CARINORBIS Conrad, 1862 two taxa are congeneric. Dall (1892) Carinorbis CONRAD, 1862, Acad. Nat. Sci. synonymized Carinorbis with Fossarus. Phil a., Proc. , v. 14, p. 288. However, like many other taxa tradition Type species: Delphinula lyra Conrad, 1834, ally placed in or near Fossarus, D. lyra be here designated. longs elsewhere (James McLean, 1988, Original Description: "Suborbicular; spire personal communication). Carinorbis Yen small , depressed, or but little prominent; shell (1946), and Carinorbis Mandahl-Barth costate, ribs revolving, distant, prominent; last (1954) are homonyms (fide Vaught, 1989). Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 169
Carinorbis lyra is congeneric with Clath Original Description: "She ll transversely sub re lla clathrata (Philippi, 1844), Pliocene of ovate; spire depressed; body whorl with about Italy, as illustrated by Cavallo and Repetto eight distant very elevated ribs, composed of (1 992, sp. 433, here reproduced as plate 1, double laminae; space between the ribs trans fi gure 9), and with Clathrella costata (Broc versely striated; umbilicus sm a ll, placed nearer chi, 1814), Neogene and Recent of Europe, the summit than the base of the shell; aperture as figured by Ponder (1987). Consequently, dilated; longitudinally suboval. Length, less than half an inch. Locality. Suffolk, Va." (Con Carinorbis Conrad (1862) is a senior syno rad, 1834, p. 141) nym of Clathrella Recluz, 1864 [type spe cies: Clathrella clathrata (Philippi)]. Al Discussion: Carinorbis lyra (Conrad) though Clathrella was synonymized with was illustrated poorly but recognizably by Phasianema by Wenz (1940), Ponder (1987) Conrad (1846, pl. 1, fig. 27). The species has shown them to be distinct. Phasianema was more definitively illustrated by Dall (1892, pl. 18, fig. 3a; here reproduced as Wood, 1842 (type species P. sulcata Wood, 1842 = Turbo costulata Brocchi, 1814) is plate 1, figure 8.) in a figure which inexplic ably added an extra rib. The species has not congeneric with Carinorbis and is mor five strong and two weaker spiral cords, p hologically closer to Iselica. In a footnote, and about 24 strong, narrow, axial ribs on Cavallo and Repetto (1992, p. 154) the adult body whorl, producing a coarsely synomymized Clathrella clathrata wit.h cancellate -;culpture. The shell changes Phasianema costata (Brocchi, 1814). Their shape with growth, becoming relatively use of Phasianema for Clathrella costata is broader because of rapid inflation of the not explained. It may follow the usage of adult body whorl. Adult shells are never Wenz, or could have easily resulted from common, but immature shells are common the confounding of Brocchi's two very in somE' Yorktown deposits. Specimens similar species names. are scarce in the Duplin Formation at Ponder (1987) erected a new family, the Natural WPll and Tearcoat Branch and Amathinidae, (superfamily Pyramidel rare in the Raysor sands at the Berkeley loidea), in which he included seven gen County Quarry nt.>ar Cross, South Caroli era, among them Clathrella, Phasianema, na. Conspec1fic specimens with high, but and Iselica. Like Carinorbis, Iselica had thinner, spiral ribs can be found in the previously been assigned to the Fossaridae Pinecre~t bPd~ (bed 8) at the APAC pit, by most authors. Sarasota, Florida (USGS collections).
CAl1!NOI' d~()L \ ll{'('OSIA'l'i\ CAI{IN01m1s L YHA (Conrad) 1 Ernrnon!:': Plate 1, figures 5-8 f> at<:> 1, fi ~Ur<.'~ 1-4 Delphinula lyra CONRAD, 1834, Acad. Nat. Sci. Delphinula quarl.rit ustata EMMONS, 18~8, R e Phila., Jour., v. 7, p. 141 ; CONRAD, 1846, port of tlw CPo,. Surv. of North Carolina, p. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. , Proc., v. 3, p. 20, pl. 1, 272, fig. l ~0: DALL, 1892, Wagner Free Inst. fig. 27. Sc•., Trans., v . .1, pf :.>, p 322 (as a synonym of Delphinula globulus H.C. LEA, 1843, A~stract ~f F'ossants lyro a paper read before the American Philosoph1- Caririorbis 41wrf.r1rostata l!;mmonsJ. CONRAD, cal Society, (privately printed) p . 9; H.C. 1862 Acad. ''fa•. Sci. Phila., Proc., v. 14, p. LEA, 1845, Amer. Philos. Soc. , T rans., pre- 288, 'co. TRAD, 1863, Acad. Nat. Sci. P hila., print, ser. 2, v. 9, p. 36, pl. 36, fi g. 74. . Proc , ". 11, p. 3'1 0 Carinorbis lyra CONRAD, 1862, Acad. Nat. s;1. AurotrPma gard11prae OLSSON and HARBI Phila., Proc., v. 14, p. 288; CONRAD, 1~63, SON. 1953, A.cc.1cl. ~at Sci Phila., Mon. 8, p. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. , Proc. v. 14, p. J70; 424, pl. 39. fig. 1 3; CAMPBELL et al., 1975 , MEEK 1864 Smithsonian Mi sc. Coll., v. 7, South Carolinc1 CE.>ol. Notes. v. 19, p. 99, spe 1 no. 183" p. 14; L. CAMPBELL, 1993, Virgi~ a cie::, 708. Div. Min. Resources, Pub!. 127 , p. 69. pl. 30. "Shell sn:all, thin; fig. 331. Original De.·cription. whirb [sic, ft•w, cingu:ated and furnis~ed with Fossarus lyra (Conrad). DALL, 1892, ~agm·1 foui nbs. which are cros::,Pd by Imes of growth; Free Inst. Sci. , Trans., v. 3, pt. 2, p. 322: 347, pl. 18, fig. 3a; CAMPBELL et al .. 1975, South apPrture angular "Found occ...:pymg thP interior <~'. the la rge Carolina. Geo!. N otes, v. 19 , P· 105 ' ·s1Jec1es .. univc1lve she! s o!" the mioct•ne [s1c ]. (Emmons, 907; WARD and GILINSK Y, 1993, Virginia Mus. Nat. Hist. , Mem. 3, part A, p. 17. 1858. p. 272) 170 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27
Discussion: Delphinula quadricostata is IV. LITERATURE CITED rrnssmg from among the Emmons types at BAILEY, R.H., 1987, Stratigraphy and depos1 HtP Paleontological Research Institution, tional hi story of the Yorktown Formation in Ithaca, New York. Both Emmons' original northeastern North Carolina: Southeasterr figure and the illustration of Aorotrema Geology, v. 28, p. 1-20. gardnerae of Olsson and Harbison lack the BERRY, E.W. , 1947, Ma rl s and limestones o" detail necessary for defining C. quadricos eastern North Carolina: North Carolin, Geol. Survey, Bull. v. 54, p. 1-16. tata as distinct from the more coarsely BRITT, R.J. , L.D. CAMPBELL, M.R. CAMP sculptured C. lyra.. The presence of a de BELL, and J.G. CARTER, 1992, Molluscat finitive specimen in the University of North biostratigra phy of the Tar Heel Robesoi Carolma at Chapel Hill Natural Well collec F arm Site, Bladen County, North Carolin, tions allows recognition of C. quadricostata in J .M. DENNISON a nd K.G. STEWAR1 as a distinct species. Carinorbis quadricos (eds.), Geologic field guides to North Carob tata differs from C. lyra in having four na and vicinity: University of North Carolina rather than five major spiral cords on the Chapel Hill , North Carolina Geologic body whorl, in having narrower and lower Guidebook No. 1, p . 153-157. primary and secondary spiral cords, and in CAMPBELL, L. D., 1993, Pliocene mollusc. from the Yorktown and Chowan River For having axial sculpture much reduced, con mations in Virginia: Virginia Div. Min. Re sistmg of about 30 very low, narrow riblets sources, Pub!. 127, 259 p. on the body whorl. The sculpture is not CAMPBELL, M.R. , 1992, Molluscan biostrati cancellate as in C. lyra. The three known graphy of the Pliocene beds of eastern South specimens of C. quadricostata are much Carolina and southeastern North Carolina in smaller than adult C. lyra, and may be im J .M. DENNISON a nd K . G. STEWART mature. Based on Olsson and Harbison's (eds.), Geologic field guides to North Caroli (1953) figure of the type, we judge na and vicinity: University of North Carolina Aorotrema gardnerae to be a minute juve Chapel Hill, Geologic Guidebook No. 1, p . 145-151. nile of C. quadricostata. Emmons' type lo CAMPBELL, S .C., 1974, Duplin Formation, cality for C. quadricostata is unstated, but Sumter County, South Carolina; a new local could have been Natural Well. Carinorbis ity: South Carolina Geol. Notes, v. 18, p. 75- quadricostata appears to be rare, local in 97 . its distribution, and easily overlooked due CARTER, J .G., P.E. GALLAGHER, R .E. VAL to its small size. ONE, and T.J. ROSSBACH, 1988, Fossil col-
PLATE 1
Carinorbis sp ecies from Virginia, North Carolina, and Italy. Figur s 1-4. Cari11orbis qlladricostata, 4 mm, UNC-15152, Natural Well, near Magnolia, North Carolina. 1. Adap rtural view showing reduced axial sculpture and four prominent keels. 2. Apertural view. 3, 4. Apical view showing reduce d sculpture and heterostrophic protoconch. 5, 7. Carinorbis lyra, 5.9 mm, UNC-15230, Rock Wharf, south bank of James River, west of Smithfield, Virginia. 5. Adapertural view showing promine nt axial sculpture and seven spiral keels. 6. Apertural view. 7. Apical view showing prominent sculpture and heterostrophic protoconch. 8. Cari11orbis lyra (Conrad) (Fossarus lyra of Dall, 1892, pl. 18 , fig. 3a). 4 mm, locality not given. An a rtistic error added an extra rib to the body whorl for a total of eight. The aperture is correctly d picted. 9. Cari11orbis clathrata (Philippi, 1844 ) (C lathrella clathrata of Cavallo and Rep etto, 1992. p. 154-5, fig. 433). Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 171
6
7
4
9
PLATEl 172 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27
lecting in North Carolina: North Carolina Ge p. 332-344. ological Survey, Bulletin 89, 89 p. HUDDLE, J.W., 1940, Notes on the geological CAVALLO, 0., and G. REPETTO, 1992, Con section at the Natural Well near Magnolia, chiglie Fossili de! Roero, Atlante, Iconog North Carolina: Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., rafico: Assoc. Nat. Piemontese, Mem. 2, 251 Jour., v. 56, p. 227-228. MANSFIELD, W.C., 1930, Miocene Gastropods p. CLARK, W.B ., B.L. MILLER, L. W. STEPH and Scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee F or ENSON, B .L. JOHNSON, and H.N. PAR mation of Florida: Florida Geo!. Survey, KER, 191 2, The Coastal Plain of North Caro Bull. 3, 189 p. lina: North Carolina. Geo!. and Economic MANSFIELD, W.C., 1932, Miocene Pelecypoda Survey, v. 3, 540 p. of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida: CONRAD, T.A., 1834, Observations on the Ter Florida Geo!. Survey, Bull. 8, 240 p. tiary and more recent formations of a portion OLSSON, A.A., and A. HARBISON, 1953, Plio of the southern states. Appendix, descrip cene Mollusca of southern Florida, with spe tions of new Tertiary fossils from the south cial reference to those from North Saint ern states: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Petersburg: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Jour., v. 7, p. 116-157. Mon. 8, 457 p. CONRAD, T.A., 1846, Descriptions of new spe OWENS, J., 1991, Geologic map of the Cape cies of fossil andRecent shells and corals: Fear Region, Florence 1 degree by 2 degree Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., v. 3, p. Quadrangle and northern half of the 19-27. Georgetown 1 degree by 2 degree Quad CONRAD, T.A., 1862, Descriptions of new gen rangle, North Carolina and South Carolina : era, subgenera, and species of Tertiary and U.S. Geo!. Survey, Map I-1948-A. Recent Shells: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, PONDER, W. F., 1987, The anatomy and re Proc., v. 14, p. 285-291. lationships of the Pyramidellacean limpet CONRAD, T.A., 1863, Catalogue of the Miocene Amalthina tricarinata (Mollusca: Gastro shells of the Atlantic Slope: Acad. Nat. Sci. poda): Asian Marine Biology, v. 4, p. 1-34. Philadelphia, Proc., v. 14, p. 549-586. RECLUZ, C.A., 1864, Observations sur le genre COOKE, C.W., 1945, Geology of Florida: Florida Fossar: Jour. de Conchyl., v. 12, p. 247-251. Geo!. Survey, Bull. 29, 339 p. VAUGHT, K.C., 1989, A classification of the liv CRONIN, T.M., L.M. BYBELL, R.Z. POORE, ing Mollusca. American Malacologists, Mel B.W. BLACKWELDER, J.C. LITTICOTT, bourne, Florida, 195 p. and J.E. HAZEL, 1984, Age and correlation WARD, L.W., R.H. BAILEY, and J.G. CAR of emerged Pliocene and Pleistocene depos TER, 1991, Pliocene and Early Pleistocene its, U. S. Atlantic Coastal Plain: Palaeogeog., stratigraphy, depositional history, and mol Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., v. 4 7, p. 21-51. luscan paleobiogeography of the Coastal DALL, W.H., 1890-1903, Contributions to the Plain in J.W. HORTON, JR. and V.A. Tertiary Fauna of Florida, with especial re ZULLO (eds.), The Geology of the Carolinas. ference to the Miocene Silex-beds of Tampa University of Tennessee Press, p. 274-289. and the Pliocene beds of the Caloosahatchie WARD, L.W., B.W. BLACKWELDER, G.S. River: Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Philadelphia, GOHN, and R.Z. POORE, 1979, Strati Trans. , v. 3, pts. 1-6, 1654 p. graphic revision of Eocene, Oligocene, and DALL, W.H., and G.D. HARRIS, 1892, Correla Lower Miocene Formations of South Caroli tion Papers Neocene: U.S. Geo!. Survey, na: South Carolina Geo!. Notes, v. 23, p. 2-32 . Bull., v. 84, 349 p. WEEMS, R.E., and E.M. LEMON, JR., 1988, EMMONS, E., 1858, Report of the Geological Geologic map of the Ladson Quadrangle, Survey of North Carolina. Raleigh, North Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Coun Carolina, p. 246-315. ties, South Carolina: U. S. Geo!. Survey, GARDNER, J. A., 1943 [1944]-1948, Mollusca Map GQ- 1630, 1 sheet. from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Vir WENZ, W., 1938-1960, Handbuch der gm1a and North Carolina, Part 1, Palaeozoologie. Berlin, Gebruder Born Pelecypoda: U. S . Geo!. Survey, Prof. Paper traeger. Vol. 6, Gastropoda, pt. 1, p. viii r 199A, p. 1-178; Part 2, Scaphopoda and Gas 240, 1938; pt. 2, p. 241-480, 1938; pt. 3, p. 481- tropoda: U. S. Geo!. Survey, Prof. Paper 720, 1939; pt. 4, p. 721-960, 1940; pt. 5, p. 961- 199B, p. 179-310. 1200, 1941; pt. 6, p. 1201-1506, 1943; pt. 7, p. HODGE, J. T., 1842, Observations on the Sec 1507-1639, 1944; Vol. 6, Pt. 2, Euthyneura, p. ondary and Tertiary formations of the south xii + 600, 1959; p. 601-834, 1960. ern Atlantic States: Amer. Jour. Sci. , v. 41, Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 173
V. APPENDIX I: MOLLUSCS AND ECHINODERMS OF THE DUPLIN STRATOTYPE LOCALITY AT NATURAL WELL BIVALVIA Chama congregata Conrad, 1833 Nucula proxima Say, 1822 UNC 1781 UNC 15051 Chama corticosa Conrad, 1833 Nuculana acuta (Conrad, 1832) Gardner, 1943 [1944] UNC 15052 Chama emmonsi Nicol, 1953 Anadara carolinensis (Dall, 1897) UNC 1781a Gardner, 1943 [1944] Erycina carolinensis Dall, 1900 Anadara callicestosa (Dall, 1898) Gardner, 1943 [1944] UNC 15053 Aligena rhomboidea Gardner, 1943 [1944] Anadara improcera (Conrad, 1845) Gardner, 1943 [1944] UNC 15054 Bornia triangula Dall, 1900 Anadara improcera bucula (Conrad, 1845) UNC 15071 UNC 15055 Mysella stantoni (Dall, 1900) Anadara lienosa (Say, 1832) Gardner, 1943 [1944] UNC 15056 Sportella constricta (Conrad, 1841) Noetia incile (Say, 1824) UNC 15072 UNC 15057 Ensitellops protexta (Conrad, 1841) Noelia trigintinaria (Conrad, 1862) UNC 15073 UNC 6477 Carditamera arata (Conrad, 1832) Glycymeris americana (Defrance, 1826) UNC 1775, 6478 UNC 1777 Pleuromeris tridentata (Say, 1826) Glycymeris duplinensis Da ll , 1898 UNC 15074 UNC 15058 Pleuromeris tridentata decemcostata Conrad, Glycymeris subovata (Say, 1824) 1867 UNC 1778, 6457, 7534 UNC 15075 Perna conradinus (Orbigny, 1852) Pteromeris perplana (Conrad, 1841) UNC 1756 UNC 15076 Modiolus inflatus (Tuomey and Holmes, 1856) Pteromeris perplana abbreviata (Conrad, 1841) UNC 15059 UNC 15077 Carolinapecten eboreus (Conrad, 1833) Astarte concentrica Conrad, 1834 UNC 15060 UNC 15078 Lima carolinensis Dall, 1898 Astarte undulata Say, 1824 UNC 15061 UNC 15079 Plicatula marginata Say, 1824 Eucrassatella specwsa (A. Adams, 1852) UNC 1753, 3589, 15062 UNC 15080 Ostrea compressirostra Say, 1824 Eucrassatella virguiica !Gmelin, 1791) UNC 15063 UNC 1755 Ostrea sculpturata Conrad, 1840 Crassinella duplmiana (Dall, 1903) UNC 1762 UNC 15081 Placuanomia plicata Tuomey and Holmes, 1855 Crassinella lunulata (Conrad, 1834) UNC 15064 UNC 13082 Parvilucina trisulcata (Conrad, 1841 ) Trigoniocardia ( Americardia) media (Linnaeus, UNC 15065 1758) Parvilucina multilineata (Tuomey and Holmes, UNC 15083 1856) Clinocardimn 1 Planicardiwn) acutilaqueatum UNC 15066 (Conrad, 18391 Parvilucina crenulata (Conrad, 1840) UNC 15084 UNC 15067 Laevicardium sublmeatmn (Conrad, 1841) Callucina keenae Chavan, 1971 UNC 15085 UNC 15068 Laevicardium ( Dlnocardium) robustum (Light- Ctena speciosa (Rogers and Rogers, 1837) foot, 1786) Gardner, 1943 l1944] UNC !5086 Ctena microimbricata Gardner, 194311944] Spisula duplinensis Dall, 1898 Gardner, 194311944] Gardner, 1943 [1944] Pseudomiltha anodonta (Say, 1824) Mulinia congesta (Conrad, 1833) UNC 15069 UNC 1765 Diplodonta conradi McGavock, 1944 Note: The UNC collection contains two small Gardner, 1943119441 Mulinia specimens among thousands Diplodonta nucle~formis (Wagner, 1838) present that have an adult Mulinia UNC 15070 lateralis (Say, 1822) morphology. How- 174 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 27
ever, that species is typical of younger de Corbula retusa Gardner, 1943 [1944] posits, and the highly variable M. con UNC 15106 gesta can converge with it. Therefore, we Corbula sp. do not believe the material in hand consti UNC 15107 tutes a certain record of M. lateralis from Gastrochaena ligula H. C. Lea, 1843 the Natural Well site. UNC 15108 Ervilia lnta Dall, 1898 Panopea re.f1exa Say, 1824 Gardner 1943 [19441 UNC 15109 Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) Margaritaria abrupta (Conrad, 1832) UNC 15087 UNC 15110 Ensis en s~formis (Conrad, 1843) Verticordia emmonsi Conrad, 1862 U NC 15088 Gardner, 1943 [1944] Tellina declivis Conrad, 1834 U NC 15089 SCAPHOPODA Tellina dupliniana Dall, 1900 Dentalium eboreum Conrad, 1846 UNC 15090 UNC 15111 Tellina macilenta Dall, 1900 Cadulus new species Gardner, 1943119441 UNC 15112 Tellina umbra Dall, 1900 UNC 15091 GASTROPODA Hemimetis magnoliana (Dall, 1900) Diodoru, carolinensis Conrad, 1875 [1873] UNC 1715 Gardner, 1948 Donax cuneola Gardner and Aldrich, 1919 Diodora nucula (Dall, 1892) UNC 15092 UNC 15113 Donax emmonsi Dall, 1892 Calliostoma sp., cf. C. bella (Conrad, 1834) Gardner, 1943 [1944] UNC 15114 Semele carinata (Conrad, 1830) Calliostoma labrosa (Conrad, 1834) UNC 15093 UNC 15115 Semelina nuculoides (Conrad , 1841) Calliostoma virginica Conrad, 1875 [1873] UNC 15094 UNC 15116 Solecurtus cumingianus (Dunker, 1861) Tegula exoluta (Conrad, 1843) UNC 15095 UNC 751 ? Corbicula densata (Conrad, 1844) Arene tricatenaria (Stearns, 1872) UNC 15096 (shell preservation different UNC 15117 from remaining collection.) Arene sp. Mercenaria corrugata (Lamarck, 1818) UNC 15118 UNC 1760, 1774 Skenea harrisi (Olsson, 1916) Mercenaria sp. UNC 15119 UNC 1760a Skenea smithfieldensis (Olsson, 1916) Chione cribraria (Conrad, 1843) UNC 15120 UNC 1779, 6463, 6464 Omalogyra sp. Chione latilirata (Conrad, 1841) UNC 15121 UNC 15097 Alvania lipeus (Dall, 1892) Chione grus (Holmes, 1858) UNC 15122 UNC 15098 Cyclostremiscus obliquestriatus (H.C. Lea, 184. Gouldia metastriata (Conrad, 1838) UNC 15123 UNC 15099 Cyclostremiscus schmidti (Olsson, 1916) Transanella carolinensis Dall, 1903 UNC 15124 UNC 15100 Aorotrema cistronium (Dall, 1889) Macrocallista greeni Ward and Blackwelder, UNC 15125 1987 Parviturboides sp. UNC 15101 UNC 15126 Gemma magna Dall, 1903 Teinostoma alexanderi (Olsson, 1916) UNC 15102 Olsson, 1916 Cooperella parilis (Conrad, 1875 [1873]) Teinostoma bushi (Olsson, 1916) Gardner, 1943 [1944] UNC 15127 Sphenia dubia (H.C. Lea, 1843) Teinostoma caloosaense Dall, 1892 UNC 15103 UNC 15128 Corbula inaequalis Say, 1824 Teinostoma miocenica Olsson, 1916 UNC 15104 Olsson, 1916 Corbula contracta Say, 1824 Teinostoma nana (l. Lea, 1833) UNC 15105 UNC 15129 Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 175
Teinostoma subconica (H.C. Lea , 1843) Strombif ormis biconica Gardner , 1948 UNC 15130 Gard ner, 1948 Teinostoma thompsoni Olsson, 191 6 Strombiformis lina Gardner, 1948 Olsson, 1916 Ga rdner, 1948 Teinostoma umbilicata (H.C. Lea, 1843) Stromb~forrnis migrans (Conr a d , 1846) UNC 15131 UNC 15150 M acromphalina aperta (H.C. Lea, 1843) Strombiformis spatula Gardner, 1948 Gardner, 1948 Gardner, 1948 Caecum compactum Dall, 1892 Carinorbis lyra (Conrad, 1834) UNC 15132 UNC 15151 Caecum cooperi S. Smith, 1862 Carinorbis quadricostata (Emmons, 1858) UNC 15133 UNC 15152 Caecum ibex Dall, 1892 Calyptraea centralis (Conrad, 1841) UNC 15134 UNC 744 Caecum new species Critcibulum auriculum spinosum (S owerby, UNC 15135 1824) Turritella burdeni (Tuomey and Holmes, 1856) UNC 746 UNC 1312 Crucibnlwn grande
Strornbina anomala (Gardner and Aldrich, 1919) Fusinus equalis (Emmons, 1858) Gardner , 1948 UNC 15184 Mitrella communis (Conrad, 1862) Hesperisterniafilicata (Conrad, 1843) UNC 15 167 UNC 15185 Mitrella edenensis Richards and Harbison, 1947 Oliva canaliculata H.C. Lea, 1843 UNC 15168 UNC 1750b Mitrella niatsoni (Mansfield , 1924) Oliva carolinensis (Conrad, 1863) UNC 15169 UNC 15186 Aesopus ithitonw (Dall , 1890) Olivella ancillariaeformis (H. C. Lea, 1843) UNC 15170 UNC 15187 Aesopus stearnsi (Tryon, 1883) Olivella carolinae Gardner, 1948 UNC 15171 UNC 15188 Juliamitrella gardnerae (B lackwelder and Olivella mutica (Say, 1822) Ward, 1987) UNC 745 UNC 15172 Olivella sp. Ptychosalpin:x: multirugata (Conrad, 1841) UNC 15189 Ga rdner, 1948 Pleioptygma carolinensis (Conrnd, 1841) Tritonoharpa floridensis Tucker and Wilson, UNC 15190 1932 Ve:x:illmr elaboratum (H .C. Lea, 1843) Gardner, 1948 UNC 15191 Celatocomls nu:x: (Dall , 1892) Ve:x:illum reticulatum (Emmons, 1858) UNC 15173 UNC 15192 Busycon canal~ferum Conrad, 1863 Scaphella trenholmi (Tuomey and Holmes, 1856 UNC15174 UNC 15193 Busycon incile (Conrad, 1833) Aurinia obtusa (Emmons, 1858) UNC 15175 Gardner, 1948 Busycon maximum (Co nrad , 1839) Bullata antiqua (Redfield, 1852) UNC15176 UNC 15194 Busycon e:x:cavatum (Conrad , 1840) Bullata oliv~formis (Tuomey and Holmes, 1856) UNC 15177 Gardner, 1948 Busycon contrarium (Conrad, 1840) Dentimargo aureocincta (Stearns, 1872) UNC 15230 UNC 15195 Nassarius consenoides (Ol sson, 1916) Dentimargo eburneola (Conrad, 1834) Olsson, 1916 UNC 15196 Nassarius cornellianus (O lsson , 1916) Dentimargo schmidti (Olsson, 1916) UNC 15178 UNC 15197 Nassarius quadrulatus (H.C. Lea, 1843) Prunum limatulum (Conrad, 1834) UNC 15179 UNC 74:3 Nassarius smithianus (Olsson, 1916) Prunum v irginianum Conrad, 1868 Olsson, 1916 UNC 74:3a Nassarius vibe:x: (Say, 1822) Prurm m pre curs or (Dall, 1890) UNC 15180 UNC 15198 Ilyanassa granifera (Conrad, 1868) Granula lavalleeana (Orbigny, 1842) UNC 15181 UNC 15199 Ilyanassa harpuloides (Conrad , 1844) Persicula ovula Conrad, 1870 Gardner, 1948 UNC 743b Ilyanassajohnsoni (Da ll , 1892) Granulina virginica Campbell, 1993 Gardner, 1948 UNC 15200 Ilyanassa scalaspira (Conrad , 1868) Granulina new species, aff. G. hadra (Dall, 1889J UNC 15182 UNC 15201 Ilyanassa se:x:dentata (Conrad , 1843) Volvarina tersa (Mansfield, 1930) Gardner, 1948 UNC 15202 Tra.jana pyta Gardner, 1948 Conus adversarius Conrad 1841 Gardner, 1948 UNC 1768 ' Fasciolaria rhomboideci Rogers and Rogers, Conus marylandicus Green, 1830 1839 UNC 1768a UNC 15183 Terebra carolinensis (Conrad, 1841) Terebraspira sparrowi Emmons, 1858 UNC 15203 Gardner, 1948 Terebra indenta Conrad, 1863 Triplo.fusus gigantea (Ki e ner, 1840) UNC 15204 UNC 1759 Terebraunilineata(Conrad , 1841) Nos. 1-4 Molluscs From Natural Well 177
UNC175lb Odostomia
(continued from p. 152)
ZULL O, V.A., and G.R. BAUM, 1981, Euscalpellum Hoek (Cirripedia, Scalpellidae) from the Eocene of North and South Carolina: South Carolina Geol. , v. 25, no. 1, p. 33- 41. ZULLO, V.A., 1982, Arcoscalpellum Hoek and Solidobalanus Hoek (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Paleogene of Pacific County, Washington, with a description of a new species of Arcoscalpellum: Los Angeles County Mus. Nat. Hist., Cont. in Sci. 336, 9p. ZULLO, V.A., 1982, Cirripedia, in Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 220-228. HARRIS, W.B., and V.A. ZULLO, 1982, Rb-Sr glauconite isochron of the Eocene Castle Hayne Formation, North Carolina - Reply: Geol. Soc. Amer., Bull. v. 93, no. 2, p. 182- 183. ZULLO, V.A., 1982, A new species of the turtle barnacle Chelonibia Leach, 1817 (Cir ripedia, Thoracica) from the Oligocene Mint Springs and Byram Formations, Missis sippi: Mississippi Geol., v. 2, no. 3, p. 1-6. ZULLO, V.A., and R.B. GURUSWAMI-NAIDU, 1982, Late Miocene Cirripedia from the basal Wilson Ranch Beds ("Merced" Formation). Sonoma County, northern Califor nia: California Acad. Sci., Proc., (ser. 4) v. 42, no. 21, p. 525-535. ZULLO, V.A., 1982, A new species of Balanus Da Costa, 1778 (Cirripedia) from the upper Oligocene Chickasawhay Formation of Mississippi and Alabama: Mississippi Geol., v. 3, no. 1, p. 9-14. ZULLO, V.A., R.H. WILLOUGHBY, and P.G. NYSTROM, 1982, A late Oligocene or early Miocene age for the Dry Branch Formation and Tobacco Road Sand in Aiken County, South Carolina?, in P.G. NYSTRON and R.H. WILLOUGHBY, eds., Geolog ical investigations related to the stratigraphy in the kaolin mining district, Aiken County, South Carolina: 1982 Field Trip Guidebook, Carolina Geol. Soc. , Columbia, South Carolina, p. 34-45. ZULLO, V.A., and J.D. STANDING, 1983, Sponge-inhabiting barnacles (Cirripedia, Ar chaeobalanidae) of the Carolinian Province, southeastern United States, with the de scription of a new species of Membranobalanus Pilsbry: Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc. , v. 96, no. 3, p. 468-477. ZULLO, V.A., 1984, New genera and species of balanoid barnacles from the Oligocene and Miocene of North Carolina: Jour. Paleontology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 1312-1338. ZULLO, V.A., 1984, Cirriped assemblage zones of the Eocene Claibornian and Jackso nian Stages. southeastern Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains: Paleo geog., Paleoclim., Paleoecol., v. 47 , nos. 1-2, p. 167-193. ZULLO, V.A. , 1984, Barnacles from the Old Church Formation, Pamunkey River region, Virginia, in L. W. WARD and K. KRAFFT, eds., Stratigraphy and paleontology of the outcropping Tertiary beds in the Pamunkey River region, central Virginia Coastal Plain: 1984 Field Trip Guidebook, Atlantic Coastal Plain Geol. Assoc., p. 192-199. ZULLO, V.A., and L.E. KITE, 1985, Barnacles of the Jacksonian (upper Eocene) Grif fins Landing Member, Dry Branch Formation in South Carolina and Georgia: South Carolina Geol., v. 28 , no. 1, p. 1-21. ZULLO, V.A., and N.F. SOHL, 1985, Scalpelloid barnacles from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North Carolina: Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc., v. 98, no. 3, p. 636-643.
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