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Breno Note Illustrative Aprile20 0 1 I S P R A ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE SERVIZIO GEOLOGICO D’ITALIA Organo Cartografico dello Stato (legge n°68 del 2.2.1960) NOTE ILLUSTRATIVE della CARTA GEOLOGICA D’ITALIA alla scala 1:50.000 foglio 078 BRENO a cura di: F. Forcella (3), C. Bigoni (5), A. Bini (1), C. Ferliga(4), A. Ronchi (2), S. Rossi(5) con contributi di: G. Cassinis(2), C. Corazzato (3), D. Corbari(4), G. Bargossi (6), F. Berra(4,1), M. Gaetani(1) , G. Gasparotto(6), R. Gelati (1), G. Grassi (5), A. Gregnanin (1), G. Groppelli (7), F. Jadoul (1), M. Marocchi (6), M. Pagani (8), G. Pilla (2), S. Racchetti (5), I. Rigamonti (5), F. Rodeghiero(3), G.B. Siletto (4), G.L. Trombetta (5) (1) Dip. di Scienze della Terra, Università di Milano (2) Dip. di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pavia (3) Dip. di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologia, Università di Milano Bicocca (4) Regione Lombardia (5) Consulente di Regione Lombardia (6) Università degli Studi di Bologna (7) CNR – IDPA Milano (8) Politecnico Federale di Zurigo - ETH Ente realizzatore: 2 Direttore del Servizio Geologico d’Italia - ISPRA: C. Campobasso Responsabile del Progetto CARG per il Servizio Geologico d’Italia - ISPRA: F. Galluzzo Direttori della Direzione Generale competente – Regione Lombardia: R. Compiani, M. Presbitero, M. Rossetti, M. Nova, B. Mori Dirigenti della struttura competente – Regione Lombardia: M. Presbitero, B. Mori, R. Laffi, A. De Luigi, N. Padovan Responsabili del Progetto CARG per Regione Lombardia: M. Presbitero, A. Piccin Coordinatore scientifico: A. Gregnanin PER IL SERVIZIO GEOLOGICO D’ITALIA – ISPRA: Revisione scientifica: E. Chiarini, L. Martarelli, R.M. Pichezzi Coordinamento cartografico: D. Tacchia (coord.), S. Falcetti Revisione informatizzazione dei dati geologici: L. Battaglini, V. Campo; R.M. Pichezzi (ASC) Coordinamento editoriale ed allestimento per la stampa: M.L. Vatovec, S. Falcetti PER REGIONE LOMBARDIA Coordinamento editoriale e allestimento cartografico: G. B. Siletto, M. Credali Informatizzazione dei dati geologici: coordinamento e direzione lavori: G.B. Siletto, M. Credali informatizzazione: C. Bigoni, D. Corbari, G. Grassi, F. Mandozzi, S. Racchetti, I. Rigamonti, A. Ronchi, F. Torri, G. Trombetta collaudo: a cura di Lombardia Informatica S.P.A Allestimento cartografico per la stampa della Banca Dati a cura di L.T.S. S.r.L. Treviso Gestione tecnico-amministrativa del Progetto CARG: M.T. Lettieri (Servizio Geologico d’Italia - ISPRA) G. Mannucci, N. Padovan, A. Piccin, G.B. Siletto, M. Credali (Regione Lombardia) SI RINGRAZIANO I COMPONENTI DEL PRECEDENTE COMITATO GEOLOGICO PER IL LORO CONTRIBUTO SCIENTIFICO 3 I. ... INTRODUZIONE ..................................................................................... 9 1. - GENERALITÁ ....................................................................................... 9 2. - CRITERI DI RILEVAMENTO: BASAMENTO METAMORFICO E SUCCESSIONE PERMO-MESOZOICA ...................................................11 3. - CRITERI DI RILEVAMENTO: SUCCESSIONI CONTINENTALI NEOGENICO-QUATERNARIE ................................................................12 3.1 - UNITÀ DISTINTE IN BASE AL BACINO DI APPARTENENZA ................ 14 3.2 - UNITÀ NON DISTINTE IN BASE AL BACINO DI APPARTENENZA ........ 16 3.3 - CRITERI PER LA SINTESI CARTOGRAFICA ........................................ 18 4. - TESSITURE E STRUTTURE ..............................................................21 II. .. INQUADRAMENTO GEOLOGICO E STUDI PRECEDENTI ............ 24 1. - INQUADRAMENTO TETTONICO REGIONALE .............................24 2. - ASPETTI STRUTTURALI GENERALI DEL SUDALPINO CENTRALE EMERGENTI DALLA LETTERATURA .............................31 3. - UN POSSIBILE QUADRO CRONOLOGICO DEGLI EVENTI OROGENETICI NELLA LOMBARDIA ...................................................34 4. - CARATTERI GEOLOGICI E CONOSCENZE PREGRESSE RELATIVI ALL'AREA DEL FOGLIO ......................................................42 4.1 - BASAMENTO METAMORFICO ......................................................... 43 4.2 - SUCCESSIONE SEDIMENTARIA PERMO-TRIASSICA ........................... 45 4.3 - ASPETTI STRUTTURALI ................................................................... 47 4.4 - PRODOTTI MAGMATICI ................................................................... 50 4.5 - SUCCESSIONI CONTINENTALI NEOGENICO-QUATERNARIE: QUADRO GEOLOGICO E GEOMORFOLOGICO ........................................................... 53 4.5.1. - Autori precedenti ................................................................. 53 4.5.2. - Inquadramento fisiografico e geomorfologico .................... 54 4.5.3. - Bacino del Serio .................................................................. 57 4.5.4. - Bacino dell‟Oglio: la Val Camonica ................................... 57 4.5.5. - Bacino dell‟Oglio: valle del Gera-Valeggia-Borlezza ......... 61 4.5.5.1. - La valle del torrente Gera ...................................... 61 4.5.5.2. - La forra del Valeggia ............................................ 65 4.5.5.3. - La valle del Borlezza ............................................ 65 4.5.6. - Bacino dell‟Oglio: la valle del Dezzo ................................. 68 4.5.7. - Bacino dell'Oglio: unità non riferibili alla fisiografia attuale ......................................................................................................... 71 4.5.8. - Bacino del Mella (bacino trumplino) .................................. 76 III. STRATIGRAFIA ........................................................................................ 78 1. - BASAMENTO METAMORFICO DELLE ALPI MERIDIONALI: UNITÁ TETTONO-METAMORFICA DEL MANIVA .............................78 1.1 - MICASCISTI A CLORITE E MICA CHIARA (MVX) ............................. 79 1.1.1. - Micascisti a cloritoide (MVXa) ........................................... 80 4 1.1.2. - Paragneiss (MVXd) ............................................................. 80 1.1.3. - Gneiss albitico-epidotici (MVXf) ........................................ 81 2. - CORPI INTRUSIVI DEL PERMIANO INFERIORE ..........................82 2.1 - GRANITOIDI E DIORITOIDI DI VAL NAVAZZE, VAL TORGOLA E VAL DI RANGO (NTG) .................................................................................. 82 3. - SUCCESSIONE VULCANO-SEDIMENTARIA PERMIANA DELLE ALPI MERIDIONALI .................................................................................83 3.1 - GRUPPO DELLE TRE VALLI BRESCIANE ......................................... 84 3.1.1. - Conglomerato Basale (CGB) .............................................. 84 3.1.2. - Porfidi quarziferi inferiori (PQI) ........................................ 85 3.1.2.1. - Rioliti basali (PQIa) .............................................. 86 3.1.2.2. - Tufi stratificati e conglomerati vulcanoclastici (PQIb) ........................................................................................... 87 3.1.3. - Formazione di Collio (COL) .............................................. 87 3.1.3.1. - Membro di Pian delle Baste (COL 1) ...................... 88 3.1.3.2. - Membro di Val Dorizzo (COL 2) ............................ 88 3.1.3.3. - Considerazioni paleoambientali e cronologiche relative alla Formazione di Collio ........................................ 89 3.1.4. - Conglomerato del Dosso dei Galli (CDG) .......................... 91 3.1.4.1. - Litofacies ad arenarie prevalenti (CDGa) ............... 92 3.1.4.2. - Membro della Pietra Simona (CDG1) ..................... 92 3.1.5. - Vulcanite di Auccia (AUC) ................................................. 93 3.2 - VERRUCANO LOMBARDO (VER) ................................................... 94 3.3 – INQUADRAMENTO PETROGRAFICO DEL VULCANISMO PERMIANO .. 96 3.3 - INQUADRAMENTO GEODINAMICO DELLA SUCCESSIONE PERMIANA 99 4. - SUCCESSIONE VULCANO-SEDIMENTARIA TRIASSICA DELLE ALPI MERIDIONALI .................................................................................99 4.1 - SERVINO (SRV) ........................................................................... 103 4.2 - CARNIOLA DI BÒVEGNO (BOV) ................................................... 105 4.3 - CALCARE DI ANGOLO (ANG) ...................................................... 106 4.3.1. - Calcari scuri in strati medi/massicci (ANGc).................... 107 4.3.2. - Calcari in strati sottili e/o nodulari (ANGa) ..................... 108 4.3.3. - Intercalazioni di carniole ................................................... 110 4.4 - CALCARE DI CAMORELLI (CMR) ................................................ 110 4.5 - CALCARE DI PREZZO (PRZ) ........................................................ 111 4.5.1. - Litofacies prevalentemente marnosa (PRZc) .................. 112 4.6 - FORMAZIONE DI BUCHENSTEIN (BUC) ........................................ 113 4.7 - FORMAZIONE DI WENGEN (WEN) ............................................... 115 4.8 - CORPI INTRUSIVI E VULCANITI DEL MONTE MUFFETTO .............. 117 4.9 - CORPI INTRUSIVI E VULCANITI DELLA VAL D‟ANGOLO (VVG) ... 120 4.10 - CALCARE DI ESINO (ESI) ........................................................... 120 4.10.1. - Litofacies di margine e pendio (ESI a) ........................... 122 5 4.10.2. - Litofacies di piattaforma interna (ESI b) ........................ 123 4.11 - CALCARE ROSSO (KLR) ............................................................ 123 4.12 - CALCARE DI PRATOTONDO (PRO)............................................. 124 4.13 - CALCARE DI SOMMAPRADA (SOM) ..........................................
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