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The American Revolution Presentation
The American Revolution Trade and Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were designed to protect English shipping. ! They became a great source of irritation between England and the American colonies because Britain had been allowing the colonies to basically run their own affairs. ! This type of colonial rule is called salutary neglect. Navigation Act of 1651 Navigation Act of 1696 Goal: eliminate Dutch competition from colonial trading routes Created system of admiralty courts to enforce trade regulations Required all crews on English ships to be at least 1/2 English in and punish smugglers nationality Customs officials were given power to issue writs of assistance Most colonial goods had to be carried on English or colonial to board ships to search for smuggled goods ships ! ! Woolens Act of 1699 Navigation Act of 1660 Prohibited colonial export of woolen cloth to prevent Required the Master and 3/4 of English ship crews to be English competition with English producers Created a list of "enumerated goods” that could only be shipped ! to England or an English colony Hat Act of 1732 included tobacco, sugar, rice Prohibited export of colonial-produced hats to any country other ! than England Staple Act of 1663 ! Required all goods shipped from Africa, Asia, or Europe to the Molasses Act of 1733 American colonies to land in England before being shipping to All non-English molasses imported to an English colony was America heavily taxed in order to encourage importation of British West ! Indian molasses Plantation Duty Act of 1673 ! Created -
Das Ernährermodell Als Armutsrisiko? Eine Bremische Bestandsaufnahme Von Erwerbsmustern in Familien
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Hotze, Jessica Research Report Das Ernährermodell als Armutsrisiko? Eine bremische Bestandsaufnahme von Erwerbsmustern in Familien Reihe Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Bremen, No. 1 Provided in Cooperation with: Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft (IAW), Universität Bremen / Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen Suggested Citation: Hotze, Jessica (2013) : Das Ernährermodell als Armutsrisiko? Eine bremische Bestandsaufnahme von Erwerbsmustern in Familien, Reihe Arbeit und Wirtschaft in Bremen, No. 1, Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft (IAW), Universität Bremen und Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen, Bremen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/98144 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents -
The Americans
UUNNIITT AmericanAmerican BeginningsBeginnings CHAPTER 1 Three Worlds Meet toto 17831783 Beginnings to 1506 CHAPTER 2 The American Colonies Emerge 1492–1681 CHAPTER 3 The Colonies Come of Age 1650–1760 CHAPTER 4 The War for Independence 1768–1783 UNIT PROJECT Letter to the Editor As you read Unit 1, look for an issue that interests you, such as the effect of colonization on Native Americans or the rights of American colonists. Write a letter to the editor in which you explain your views. Your letter should include reasons and facts. The Landing of the Pilgrims, by Samuel Bartoll (1825) Unit 1 1 View of Boston, around 1764 1693 The College of William and 1651 English Parliament 1686 James II creates Mary is chartered passes first of the the Dominion of New in Williamsburg, Navigation Acts. England. Virginia. AMERICAS 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 WORLD 1652 Dutch settlers 1660 The English 1688 In England the Glorious establish Cape Town monarchy is restored Revolution establishes the in South Africa. when Charles II supremacy of Parliament. returns from exile. 64 CHAPTER 3 INTERACT WITH HISTORY The year is 1750. As a hard-working young colonist, you are proud of the prosperity of your new homeland. However, you are also troubled by the inequalities around you—inequalities between the colonies and Britain, between rich and poor, between men and women, and between free and enslaved. How can the colonies achieve equality and freedom? Examine the Issues • Can prosperity be achieved without exploiting or enslaving others? • What does freedom mean, beyond the right to make money without government interference? RESEARCH LINKS CLASSZONE.COM Visit the Chapter 3 links for more information related to The Colonies Come of Age. -
Ch. 3 Section 4: Life in the English Colonies Colonial Governments the English Colonies in North America All Had Their Own Governments
Ch. 3 Section 4: Life in the English Colonies Colonial Governments The English colonies in North America all had their own governments. Each government was given power by a charter. The English monarch had ultimate authority over all of the colonies. A group of royal advisers called the Privy Council set English colonial policies. Colonial Governors and Legislatures Each colony had a governor who served as head of the government. Most governors were assisted by an advisory council. In royal colonies the English king or queen selected the governor and the council members. In proprietary colonies, the proprietors chose all of these officials. In a few colonies, such as Connecticut, the people elected the governor. In some colonies the people also elected representatives to help make laws and set policy. These officials served on assemblies. Each colonial assembly passed laws that had to be approved first by the advisory council and then by the governor. Established in 1619, Virginia's assembly was the first colonial legislature in North America. At first it met as a single body, but was later split into two houses. The first house was known as the Council of State. The governor's advisory council and the London Company selected its members. The House of Burgesses was the assembly's second house. The members were elected by colonists. It was the first democratically elected body in the English colonies. In New England the center of politics was the town meeting. In town meetings people talked about and decided on issues of local interest, such as paying for schools. -
Creating Economy: Merchants in Seventeenth-Century England
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 12-11-2017 Creating Economy: Merchants in Seventeenth-Century England Braxton Hall Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Hall, Braxton, "Creating Economy: Merchants in Seventeenth-Century England." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2017. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/116 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CREATING ECONOMY: MERCHANTS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND by BRAXTON HALL Under the Direction of Jacob Selwood, PhD ABSTRACT Between 1620 and 1700, merchants in England debated the economic framework of the kingdom. The system they created is commonly referred to as ‘mercantilism’ and many historians have concluded that there was a consensus among economists that supported the balance of trade and restricted foreign markets. While that economic consensus existed, merchants also had to adopt new ways of thinking about religion, foreigners, and naturalization because of the system they created. Merchants like Josiah Child in the latter part of the seventeenth century were more acceptant of strangers and they were more tolerant of religion that their predecessors -
Port Information Guide Bremerhaven
PORT INFORMATION GUIDE BREMERHAVEN JUNE 2021 INITIATED BY IN ASSOCIATION WITH SUPPORTED BY PORT INFORMATION GUIDE • Source: Harbour Master Port of Bremerhaven • June, 2021 2 PORT OF BREMERHAVEN BREMERHAVEN UN Code: DEBRV Port ID: 20315 GENERAL INTRODUCTION This book has been written for Masters of seagoing vessels, shipping lines, publishers of nautical information and any other party that needs nautical information. LEGAL DISCLAIMER The Port Authority of Bremerhaven (Hansestadt Bremisches Hafenamt / HBH) makes every effort to make and maintain the contents of the Guidelines on Port Entry as up-to-date, accessible and complete as possible, but the correctness and completeness of these contents cannot be guaranteed. In case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies between the Guidelines and the applicable legislation, including the bye-laws, the latter will prevail. CONTACT PORT Hansestadt Bremisches Hafenamt Steubenstrasse 7b 27568 Bremerhaven Germany CONTACT PERSON FOR PORT INFORMATION Capt. Insa Kühle, Head of Port Operation [email protected] WEBSITE OF THE PORT https://www.hbh.bremen.de/ WEBSITE OF THIS DOCUMENT http://www.hbh.bremen.de/sixcms/media.php/13/PORT-INFORMATION-GUIDE-Bremerhaven.pdf PORT INFORMATION GUIDE • Source: Harbour Master Port of Bremerhaven • June, 2021 3 TABLE OF CONTENT PORT INFORMATION GUIDE • Source: Harbour Master Port of Bremerhaven • June, 2021 4 TABLE OF CONTENT GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 TABLE OF CONTENT 4 PART I INTRODUCTION, CONTACT INFORMATION AND REGULATION 1 FOREWORD HARBOUR MASTER 10 1.1 GENERAL -
Hamburg's Port Position: Hinterland Competition in Central Europe from TEN-T Corridor Ports
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Biermann, Franziska; Wedemeier, Jan Working Paper Hamburg's port position: Hinterland competition in Central Europe from TEN-T corridor ports HWWI Research Paper, No. 175 Provided in Cooperation with: Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI) Suggested Citation: Biermann, Franziska; Wedemeier, Jan (2016) : Hamburg's port position: Hinterland competition in Central Europe from TEN-T corridor ports, HWWI Research Paper, No. 175, Hamburgisches WeltWirtschaftsInstitut (HWWI), Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146413 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Hamburg’s port position: Hinterland competition in Central Europe from TEN-T corridor ports Franziska Biermann, Jan Wedemeier HWWI Research Paper 175 Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI) | 2016 ISSN 1861-504X Corresponding author: Dr. -
Anglo-Dutch Economic Relations in the Atlantic World, 1688–1783
Anglo-Dutch Economic Relations in the Atlantic World, 1688–1783 Kenneth Morgan Between the Glorious Revolution and the American Revolution, Britain and the Netherlands had significant economic connections that affected the Atlantic trade of both countries. Anglo-Dutch economic relations had their foundations in various factors. Anglo-Dutch trade had flourished from the Middle Ages onwards. London and Amsterdam were the major financial capi- tals of Europe, with considerable interaction among them. The English and the Dutch were natural allies as maritime powers between 1674, the end of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, and 1780, when after a century of almost complete neutrality in major wars, Britain and Holland became embroiled in conflict during the American Revolutionary War. In the period covered in this paper, harmonious relations between Britain and the Netherlands were embedded in formal treaties dated 1674, 1675 and 1678.1 Anglo-Dutch involvement in colonial affairs antedated that time: Dutch merchants had carried out extensive com- merce with Virginia in the mid-seventeenth century and the Dutch communi- ty’s commercial activities in New Netherland continued after England captured that colony in 1664 and renamed it New York. The Dutch connection with Virginia declined in the 1690s but Dutch economic and cultural influence in New York continued well into the eighteenth century.2 Anglo-Dutch economic 1 Alice Clare Carter, Neutrality or Commitment. The Evolution of Dutch Foreign Policy, 1667–1795 (London: Edward Arnold, 1975); Hugh Dunthorne, The Maritime Powers, 1721–1740: A Study of Anglo-Dutch Relations in the Age of Walpole (New York: Garland, 1986). -
MARID VI Marine and River Dune Dynamics 2019 1 - 3 April 2019 Bremen, Germany
International conference MARID VI Marine and River Dune Dynamics 2019 1 - 3 April 2019 Bremen, Germany Books of Abstracts Editors: Alice Lefebvre, ierry Garlan and Christian Winter Kiel University Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel French Hydrographic & Oceanographic Ofce MARID VI Marine and River Dune Dynamics Bremen, Germany 1 - 3 April, 2019 Organising Committee: Dr Alice Lefebvre, MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany Prof Dr Christian Winter, Kiel University, Germany Dr Thierry Garlan, French Hydrographic Office, France Prof Dr Burghard Flemming, Senckenberg am Meer, Germany Dr Knut Krämer, MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany Dr Marius Becker, Kiel University, Germany Scientific Committee: Dr Jaco Baas, Bangor University, United Kingdom Dr Marius Becker, Kiel University, Germany Prof Dr Jim Best, University of Illinois, United States of America Prof Dr Burghard Flemming, Senckenberg am Meer, Germany Dr Thierry Garlan, French Hydrographic Office, France Prof Dr Suzanne Hulscher, Twente University, Netherlands Prof Dr Maarten Kleinhans, Utrecht University, Netherlands Dr Sophie Le Bot, Université de Rouen, France Dr Alice Lefebvre, MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany Prof Dr Dan Parsons, University of Hull, United Kingdom Dr Marc Roche, Federal Public Service Economy, Self-employed, SME's and Energy, Belgium Prof Dr Alain Trentesaux, Université de Lille, France Prof Dr Vera Van Lancker, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium Dr Katrien Van Landeghem, Bangor University, United Kingdom Prof Dr Christian Winter, Kiel University, Germany This publication should be cited as follows: Lefebvre, A., Garlan, T. and Winter, C. (Eds), 2019. MARID VI. Sixth International Conference on Marine and River Dune Dynamics. Bremen, Germany, 1-3 April 2019. MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen and SHOM. -
The Unfree Origins of English Empire-Building in the Seventeenth Century Atlantic
Chapter 5 The Unfree Origins of English Empire-Building in the Seventeenth Century Atlantic John Donoghue Weighing his country’s prospects for empire in 1654, Thomas Scot declared that the people of England were poised to become “masters of the whole world.”1 Although certainly grandiose, Scot’s boast was nonetheless grounded in a less- encompassing reality. As a leading Parliamentarian, Scot had borne witness to how the English Revolution had transformed England from a monarchy to a republic that had dedicated itself to imperial expansion. Although historians will always disagree about the empire’s chronological origins, many would concur that the 1649–1654 era marked a critical point in the empire’s emergence. During this period, the revolutionary state had conquered and colonized Catholic Ireland, vanquished the Dutch in a naval war, and launched two transatlantic expeditions to bring oscillating colonies more firmly into the imperial orbit. At the same time, Parliamentary legislation laid the legal foundations for what would become a prosperous empire. Indeed, at the end of 1654, the year Scot made his enthusiastic declaration about England’s imperial potential, the state mobilized a transatlantic armada consisting of 42 ships and 13,490 men to con- quer and colonize Spanish Hispaniola. Although the expedition failed in that attempt, it did conquer Jamaica, creating an English colony out of a former Spanish possession where profits from sugar, extracted from the labor of slaves, would make it one of the richest dominions in the imperial realm.2 Scot’s brag- gadocio, in sum, was a commentary on the English state’s first, concerted foray into empire-building in the Atlantic world. -
Scottish Circumvention of the English Navigation Acts in the American Colonies 1660-1707
Making, using and resisting the law in European history / edited by Günther Lottes, Eero Medijainen, Jón Viðar Sigurðsson. - Pisa : Plus-Pisa university press, 2008. – (Thematic work group. 1., States, legislation, institutions ; 3) 349.4 (21.) 1. Diritto - Europa - Storia I. Lottes, Günther II. Medijainen, Eero III. Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar CIP a cura del Sistema bibliotecario dell’Università di Pisa This volume is published thanks to the support of the Directorate General for Research of the European Commission, by the Sixth Framework Network of Excellence CLIOHRES.net under the contract CIT3-CT-2005-006164. The volume is solely the responsibility of the Network and the authors; the European Community cannot be held responsible for its contents or for any use which may be made of it. Cover: Marc Chagall (1887 - 1985), Moses and the Golden Calf, oil painting, private collection, St. Paul de Vence © 1990 Photo Scala, Florence © 2008 by CLIOHRES.net The materials published as part of the CLIOHRES Project are the property of the CLIOHRES.net Consortium. They are available for study and use, provided that the source is clearly acknowledged. [email protected] - www.cliohres.net Published by Edizioni Plus – Pisa University Press Lungarno Pacinotti, 43 56126 Pisa Tel. 050 2212056 – Fax 050 2212945 [email protected] www.edizioniplus.it - Section “Biblioteca” Member of ISBN: 978-88-8492-549-7 Linguistic revision Neil Herman Informatic editing Răzvan Adrian Marinescu Scottish Circumvention of the English Navigation Acts in the American Colonies 1660-1707 Allan I. Macinnes University of Strathclyde ABSTRACT From its insular location, its limited indigenous resources and its subordinate political standing as one of three kingdoms ruled by the Stuart dynasty, Scotland was dependent on overseas trade, commercial networks and an entrepreneurial willingness to set aside international regulations for its very survival as a distinctive European nation in the later 17th century. -
Chapter 4: British Mercantilism and the Cost of Empire
Page 14 Chapter 4 British Mercantilism and the Cost of Empire hree hundred years ago, nations wanted colonies in order to increase their power. According to the economic thinkers of those days, colonies would help the mother country become self-sufficient Tand wealthy. No great nation could exist without colonies. This was the idea behind mercantilism, a forerunner of the present day idea of imperialism. England, Spain, France, and other nations competed with each other to own colonies in North America, South America, Asia, and Africa. Their competition often led to wars. The mercantilists reasoned that even wars were worth the price, because each colony would be a help to its conqueror. England needed raw materials that her colonies could supply. Lumber, wool, iron, cotton, tobacco, rice, and indigo were among the products needed in England. British manufacturers in the meantime needed markets for the goods they produced. The American colonies bought their cloth, furniture, knives, guns, and kitchen utensils from England. In addition, England’s survival as a nation depended on her navy, and the colonies were a constant source of both the timber for her ships and the men who could sail them. Since each nation's wealth in those days was measured in the amounts of gold and silver it possessed, England had yet a another reason for establishing and ruling a vast colonial empire: the colonists would supply their British masters with gold and silver simply by selling their raw materials and buying England’s manufactured products. The difference between what the colonists could pay through their sales of raw materials, and what they owed because of the purchase of manufactured goods, is called the balance of trade.