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Tribology for Aerospace Systems (La Tribologie Pour Les Systemes Aerospatiaux)

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Tribology for Aerospace Systems (La Tribologie Pour Les Systemes Aerospatiaux) AGARD-CP-589 0) 00 10 CL Ü i Q AC < ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT S 7 RUE ANCELLE, 92200 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE AGARD CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 589 Tribology for Aerospace Systems (la Tribologie pour les systemes aerospatiaux) Papers presented at the 82nd Meeting of the AGARD Structures and Materials Panel, held in Sesimbra, Portugal, 6-7 May 1996. Mm m ® NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION Published October 1996 Distribution and Availability on Back Cover THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PAGES WHICH DO NOT REPRODUCE LEGIBLY. AGARD-CP-589 ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 7 RUE ANCELLE, 92200 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE AGARD CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 589 Tribology for Aerospace Systems (la Tribologie pour les systemes aerospatiaux) Papers presented at the 82nd Meeting of the AGARD Structures and Materials Panel, held in Sesimbra, Portugal, 6-7 May 1996. .BASEMENT K j Approved tor ijäustie rsieaa« ) WTC QUALITY INSPECTED */ North Atlantic Treaty Organization Organisation du Tratte de l'Atlantique Nord The Mission of AGARD According to its Charter, the mission of AGARD is to bring together the leading personalities of the NATO nations in the fields of science and technology relating to aerospace for the following purposes: — Recommending effective ways for the member nations to use their research and development capabilities for the common benefit of the NATO community; — Providing scientific and technical advice and assistance to the Military Committee in the field of aerospace research and development (with particular regard to its military application); — Continuously stimulating advances in the aerospace sciences relevant to strengthening the common defence posture; Improving the co-operation among member nations in aerospace research and development; — Exchange of scientific and technical information; — Providing assistance to member nations for the purpose of increasing their scientific and technical potential; — Rendering scientific and technical assistance, as requested, to other NATO bodies and to member nations in connection with research and development problems in the aerospace field. The highest authority within AGARD is the National Delegates Board consisting of officially appointed senior representatives from each member nation. The mission of AGARD is carried out through the Panels which are composed of experts appointed by the National Delegates, the Consultant and Exchange Programme and the Aerospace Applications Studies Programme. The results of AGARD work are reported to the member nations and the NATO Authorities through the AGARD series of publications of which this is one. Participation in AGARD activities is by invitation only and is normally limited to citizens of the NATO nations. The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by AGARD or the authors. Published October 1996 Copyright © AGARD 1996 All Rights Reserved ISBN 92-836-0029-0 Printed by Canada Communication Group 45 Sacre-Cceur Blvd., Hull (Quebec), Canada K1A 0S7 Tribology for Aerospace Systems (AGARD CP-589) Executive Summary Tribology deals with the design, friction, wear, and lubrication of interacting surfaces in relative motion, as bearings or gears. This definition sheds light on problems that tribological phenomena may cause in NATO's armaments, for example, systems failures and downtime repairs, supply and resupply with their costs in the permanent and/or temporary loss of trained personnel, and reoccurring materials and labor costs. In general solutions to these problems include redesign of components, replacement of materials with harder and/or lower friction materials, and improved lubricants. The objective of this AGARD Specialists' Meeting on Tribology for Aerospace Systems was twofold: — discuss the technology problems by having a meeting among specialists of new technologies (such as coatings, lubrication) and people dealing with practical problems in NATO systems (airframe, engines, etc.); — improve the knowledge of Tribology by engineers designing or maintaining NATO systems. The scope of the Meeting was broader than aerospace because papers on reciprocating engines in land based systems were also included. It must be realized that tribological phenomena such as friction and wear are problems that will never be completely overcome by technology but can be put in "remission" through some of the approaches outlined here. Rain and dust erosion were not included in the Terms of Reference and should be the subject of a future AGARD activity. La Tribologie pour les systemes aerospatiaux (AGARD CP-589) Synthese La tribologie concerne la conception, 1'interaction, l'usure par frottement et la lubrification des surfaces en mouvement relatif, tolles que les galets et les engrenages. Cette definition permet d'apprehender plus clairement les problemes qui peuvent etre poses par les phenomenes tribologiques au niveau des systemes d'armes de l'OTAN, comme par exemple, les pannes des systemes, les temps morts demandes pour les reparations, l'approvisionnement et le reapprovisionnement avec les coüts occasionnes par la perte provisoire et/ou permanente du personnel qualifie, ainsi que les coüts recurrents des materiaux et de la main d'ceuvre. En general, les solutions proposees par rapport ä ces problemes comprennent la redefinition des composants, le remplacement des materiaux usuels par des materiaux plus durs et/ou ä coefficient de frottement reduit, et l'emploi de lubrifiants ameliores. L'objectif de cette reunion de specialistes AGARD sur la tribologie pour systemes aerospatiaux etait double, ä savoir: — discuter des problemes technologiques lors d'une reunion rassemblant, d'une part, les - specialistes des nouvelles technologies (tolles que les revetements, la lubrification...), et, d'autre part, ceux qui sont appeles ä traitor les problemes d'ordre pratique poses par les systemes militaires de l'OTAN (cellule, moteur, etc.); — elargir les connaissances en tribologie des Ingenieurs responsables de la conception et de la maintenance des systemes militaires de l'OTAN. Les sujets examines lors de la reunion ont deborde le domaine purement aerospatial puisque des presentations sur les moteurs semblables des systemes terrestres ont ete donnees. Force est de constater que si certains phenomenes tribologiques tels que l'usure par le frottement ne pourront jamais etre totalement resolus technologiquement, ils pourraient neanmoins etre "mis en veilleuse" par 1'adoption de certaines approches decrites ici. L'erosion par la pluie et la poussiere, qui n'a pas ete indue dans les termes de reference de la reunion, meriterait de faire l'objet d'une activite future de l'AGARD. Contents Page Executive Summary iii Synthese iv Preface/Preface vii Structures and Materials Panel viii Technical Evaluation Report T by DJ. Viechnicki Reference SESSION I: NEW TECHNOLOGIES Paper not available 1 Tribological Behaviour of Silicon Nitride-based Ceramics 2 by J.R. Gomes, A.S. Miranda, R.F. Silva and J.M. Vieira Advanced Solid Lubricant Coatings for Aerospace Systems by J.S. Zabinski, S.V. Prasad and N.T. McDevitt Advanced Hard Coatings and Wear Resistant Materials for Aerospace Systems by J.S. Zabinski, A.A. Voevodin and M.A. Capano An Investigation on Surface Treatments for Improving the Fretting Fatigue Resistance of Titanium Alloys by A.K. Koul, L. Xue, W. Wallace, M. Bibby, S. Chakravarty, R.G. Andrews and P.C. Patnaik Thin Film Lubrication of Non-Smooth Surfaces by B. Jacobson Machining and Slip-Rolling of Ceramics by M. Woydt and U. Effner Sputter-Deposited Lubricant Thin Films Operating at Elevated Temperatures in Air by C. Zimmermann and Y. Pauleau SESSION II: APPLICATIONS: GEARS AND BEARINGS Paper 9 Withdrawn Tribological Problems in Spacecrafts 10 by A. Borrien Metallic and Non-Metallic Protection Systems for Reduction of Tribologic Influences in 11 Several Areas on Tornado Aircraft by CD. Hamm and K. Blomeier Improving Solid Lubricated Aerospace Bearings 12 by B. Mortimer and S. Mason Analysis of Fretting and Fretting Corrosion in Airframe Riveted Connections 13 by K. Iyer, M. Xue, P.C. Bastias, C.A. Rubin and G.T. Hahn SESSION HI: APPLICATIONS ENGINES EHD Analysis of a Roller/Inner Ring Contact in a Jet Engine Roller Bearing 14 by J. Seabra and A. Campos Rolling Contact Testing of Vapor Phase Lubricants 15 by N.H. Forster La fiabilite des roulements des petites et moyennes turbines de plus en plus dependante de la 16 tribologie by G. Paty and B. Cheftel Airseals for Advanced Military Jet Engines I7 by TJ. Uihlein High Temperature Tribology for Future Diesel Engines 18 by W. Bryzik and R. Kamo Tribological Assessments and Concepts for an Oilfree Internal Combustion Engine 19 by M. Woydt Preface The fretting and wear of hinges, tracks, bearings, gearboxes in airframes and engines is a constant problem for aircraft or other defense systems, as it causes breakages and jamming, necessitating costly in-service inspections and replacement of parts. As a result, there is ample room for improvement both for in-service systems and new systems being developed. The meeting was divided into three sessions: — one session on new technologies such as coatings, new materials, lubrication; — one session on practical applications for airframes and their mechanical systems; — one session on practical applications for engines. The meeting closed with a round table discussion. D. Chaumette Chairman Sub-Committee on Tribology for
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