DOCSLIB.ORG

Intefwaitional EXPLORATIWWTS O Meetlnq-NO~~R Sketch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intefwaitional EXPLORATIWWTS O Meetlnq-NO~~R Sketch INTEfWAiTIONAL EXPLORATIWWTS Om sparsrs to have been sutured onto the Brazilian Shield near MEETlNQ-NO~~R14,laMJ the end of the Paleozoic. There is considerable controverav concerning is origin and original Iffietion, as well as the THOMAS E. O'CONNOR-Biographical Sketch nature of the suturina of the two maasifa. ~h~~..F nTnnnnr ie Asaocisted withthe Brazilian Shield ars two marine Vice President of Aminoil Paleozoic basins in the northern portion of the country. The Internationel, Incorporated. Tarija Basin is largely represented in BollrEa where it is the developing international ex- cemer of considerable exploration for and prdwtion of ptoration opportunltiea. Tom natural gas. Farther east is the large, imacmtonlc Cham- overviews three production Parena Basin which extends wuthweatdy from Paraguay areas (Indonesia, North Sea and Brazil. To date it has proved to be WenBf hydrocarbons. and Argentine) and directdl Along the western and southern margins of thesnlarged the exploration activity in lulesozoic continental mass of Argentina ie a saries of marina nine exploration contract basins which were present prior to We EoHloian and onset of areas. He received a B.S. subduction of the PeciPicplataduriw(hp Ladr hawob/Early degree ingedogyfromSfan- Tertiary. These western, leading kjnawere wiginally ford University in 1968 and simple in format end structural sQde untll zheowrpfimdf the an M.S. degree in geology Andean Orogeny and associated -rd-verging over- from the University of thrusts deformed their wastern margins. To varying degrees. Colorado in 1961. Since all of the marginal cretonic beaina have proved lo be hydro- 1983. he has been Adjunct Research Professor in the Earth carbon-bearing, inclwlingrecentdiawverieain the Megallanas/ Sciences and Resources Institute at the University of South Malvinas area. At regular intervals along the eastern, trailing Carolina. edge of the Argentine portion of the cominemal plme is a From 1863 to 1980, Mr. O'Connor worked for Standard series of continental innacretonic Mesozoic bsstns which are Oil of Indiana (AMOCO) in basin Mudies, play developmentend aligned at right angles to the presentday coastline. There is prospen generation, initially in the United States (Northern inconclusive evidence that these basins deepen and become Utah, Al8ak. northern Basin and Range Province in minerals more marine toward the margin of the continentel shelf. With proepecting, and Southern California) and later internationally the exception of the San Jorge Basin, these eastern basins INetherlands, Dutch North Sea, then the European Region have w far bean barren of hydrocarbons. Exclusive of the North Sea). From 1974-1 979, Tom was Chief In contrast to the foregoing, the Cup Basin in the Geologist in Amoco's joint operating company, Gulf of Suez Mendoza Province of northwestern Argentina is Triassic to Petroleum (GUPCO), supervising a 80 man staff evaluating all Cretaceous in age, is taphrogenic in origin, is interior to the ereas of Egypt but concentrating on the Gulf of Suez and than continental margin. and is entirely continental in ita WWern Desert areas. From 1879-1 980, in Houston, he was sedimentary. fill.It also comainsthe LaVantanaNaca Muana Regional Geologist responsiblefor the technical overview and Field complex which produces primarily from Triassic con- quafiiconml of Amoco's Africa-Middle East Region explor- gbmerates and is the largest single dl field complex in ation staff of approximately 100 persons, which included Argantina. The basin had its origin as a rift graben complex preparing for the recruiting, training end professional develop- floored almost everywhere with volcandastiss. Pennecon- mem of the geological staff. In 1980. Tom began working for temparaneoua with the subsidenoe of the graben was the Aminoil Ingmational. Incorporated, first as Manager of Inter- deposition of thick, black, lacwhine ahab which coarsen national Exploration and New Ventures. developing a world- upward to red conglomerates as riff-related extension ceased wide corporate alploration plan to expand activities outside and thermal subsidenca set in. This event was marked by existing operating araas and since lS8l as Vice President extensive volcanic flows whieh locally served aa the seal for overviewing production and dir9cting exploration activity. the lacustrinegeneratedoil that had migratedinto the reservoir In addltion to the Houston Geological Society, Mr. section underlyingthaflom Anonhward. basinwardplunging O'Connor is a member of the American Association of nose has Sawed to localize petroleum accumulations, with PetroleumE&ploration Society of Great Britain and the Egyptian southarn closure being provided by minor ahuctural reversals Geolomical- Societv. or by the updip shaling out of the conglomerate reservoir. The Interior locetion of the basm preserved It from most of the THE PEIXOUFEROUS CUYO BASIN AS COMPARED subsequent Andean-related deformation. TO ARGEhITlNAF OTHER SEDIMENTARY BASINS - A GEOLOGIC OVERVIM Argenti~covers nearly one sixth of the South American continent and consists of IWO major massifs surrounded by a seriea of intranatonic and marginal cratonic basins. The western margin bssins have been markedly deformed by the formation of the Andes mountain chain during the Late Meaozolc/Early Tertiary.. The two massifs are Precambrian in age. Thafirstconaisur of the southern extension of the Brazilian Shieldand underlies much of northeastern Argentina. The second. the southern. Pstagonian/Deeeado Massif, is more enigmatic a& .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • West Africa Part III: Central Africa Part IV: East Africa & Southern Africa Name: Date
    Part I: North Africa Part II: West Africa Part III: Central Africa Part IV: East Africa & Southern Africa Name: Date: AFRI CA Overview RICA lies at the heart of the earth's land­ Then, during the nineteenth century, masses. It sits astride the equator, with European traders began setting up trading sta­ . almost half the continent to the north tions along the coast of West Africa. The of the equator, and half to the south. It con­ traders, and their governments, soon saw great tains some of the world's greatest deserts, as opportunity for profit in Africa. Eventually, well as some of the world's greatest rivers. It many European countries took control of the has snow-capped mountains, and parched, arid land and divided it into colonies. plains. The first humans came from Africa. By the middle of the twentieth century, peo­ And in the millennia since those fust humans ple all across Africa had demanded indepen­ walked the plains of Africa, many different cul­ dence from colonial rule. By the end of the tures have arisen there. century, government had passed firmly into Physically, Africa is one enormous plateau. It African hands. However, the newly independ­ has no continental-scale mountain chains, no ent nations must still deal with the legacy of peninsulas, no deep fjords. Most of the conti­ colonialism. The boundaries the European nent is more than 1000 feet (300m) above sea powers created often cut across ethnic and cul­ level; over half is above 2500 feet (800 m). tural groups. Many African nations today are Africa's early history reflects the wide stretch still struggling to reconcile the different cul­ of the continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Geog 120: World Geography American University of Phnom Penh
    Geog 120: World Geography American University of Phnom Penh Map Quizzes: List of physical features 1. Africa Atlas Drakensberg Seas and Oceans Deserts Mediterranean Atlantic Kalahari Strait of Gibraltar Namib Suez Canal Sahara Mozambique Channel Ogaden Red Sea Libyan Gulf of Suez 2. Asia Lakes Lake Chad Seas and Oceans Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Lake Tanganyika Andaman Sea Lake Victoria Arabian Sea Lake Albert Aral Sea Lake Rudolph Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Rivers Black Sea Caspian Sea Congo East China Sea Limpopo Indian Ocean Niger Inland Sea (also know as Setonaikai, Zambezi Japan) Nile Mediterranean Sea Orange Pacific Ocean Vaal Red Sea Sea of Japan Mountains Sea of Okhotsk 2 South China Sea Mountain Ranges Yellow Sea Caucuses Elburz Straits, Channels, Bays and Gulfs Himalayas Hindu Kush Bay of Bengal Ural Bosporus Zagros Dardanelles Gulf of Aden Gulf of Suez Deserts Gulf of Thailand Arabian Gulf of Tonkin Dasht-E-Kavir Persian Gulf Gobi Strait of Taiwan Negev Strait of Malacca Takla Makan Strait of Hormuz Strait of Sunda Suez Canal 3. The Americas Lakes Seas and Oceans Baykal Bering Tonle Sap Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Rivers Straits, Channels, Bays and Gulfs Amur Brahmaputra Gulf of Mexico Chang Jiang Hudson Bay Euphrates Panama Canal Ganges Strait of Magellan Huang He (Yellow) Indus Lakes Irrawaddy Mekong Great Salt Tigris Great Lakes (Lakes Tonle Sap (River and Lake) Superior, Michigan, Huron, 3 Erie, and Ontario) 4. Australia and the Pacific Manitoba Titicaca Winnipeg Seas and Oceans Coral Sea Rivers Tasman Sea Pacific Ocean Amazon Indian Ocean Colorado Columbia Hudson Straits, Channels, Bays and Gulfs Mississippi Bass Strait Missouri Cook Strait Ohio Gulf of Carpentaria Orinoco Torres Strait Paraguay Plata Parana Rivers Rio Grande Darling St.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Evolution of the Red Sea: Historical Background, Review and Synthesis
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277310102 Geological Evolution of the Red Sea: Historical Background, Review and Synthesis Chapter · January 2015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45201-1_3 CITATIONS READS 6 911 1 author: William Bosworth Apache Egypt Companies 70 PUBLICATIONS 2,954 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Near and Middle East and Eastern Africa: Tectonics, geodynamics, satellite gravimetry, magnetic (airborne and satellite), paleomagnetic reconstructions, thermics, seismics, seismology, 3D gravity- magnetic field modeling, GPS, different transformations and filtering, advanced integrated examination. View project Neotectonics of the Red Sea rift system View project All content following this page was uploaded by William Bosworth on 28 May 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Geological Evolution of the Red Sea: Historical Background, Review, and Synthesis William Bosworth Abstract The Red Sea is part of an extensive rift system that includes from south to north the oceanic Sheba Ridge, the Gulf of Aden, the Afar region, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba, the Gulf of Suez, and the Cairo basalt province. Historical interest in this area has stemmed from many causes with diverse objectives, but it is best known as a potential model for how continental lithosphere first ruptures and then evolves to oceanic spreading, a key segment of the Wilson cycle and plate tectonics.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Rights in the Gulf of Suez Richard A
    Louisiana Law Review Volume 38 | Number 4 Summer 1978 Oil Rights in the Gulf of Suez Richard A. Curry Repository Citation Richard A. Curry, Oil Rights in the Gulf of Suez, 38 La. L. Rev. (1978) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol38/iss4/4 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OIL RIGHTS IN THE GULF OF SUEZ International law recognizes that coastal nations have the right to exploit natural resources found in continental shelf areas beneath adja- cent water bodies. In most situations the coastal nation entitled to this right is easily identified as the sovereign in actual control of the land immediately adjacent to the water body. However, the nation in physi- cal control of such land may not be the sovereign thereof. In such a case, both the nation having actual control and the nation claiming sov- ereignty may assert the right to exploit natural resources in the adjacent continental shelf. Such a situation currently exists in the Gulf of Suez. When Israel invaded the Sinai in 1967 it acquired the possession but not the sovereignty of that territory. Now, both Egypt, as sovereign, and Israel, as occupant, claim the right to drill for oil in the adjacent conti- nental shelf. The Gulf of Suez is a semi-enclosed body of water which opens into the Red Sea at the south and narrows into the Suez Canal at the north.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Surface Restoration and Petroleum System Evaluation in the Gulf of Suez*
    Multi-Surface Restoration and Petroleum System Evaluation in the Gulf of Suez* Isabelle Moretti1 and Julien Gargani2 Search and Discovery Article #40405 Posted April 30, 2008 *Adapted from extended abstract prepared for presentation at AAPG Annual Convention, San Antonio, Texas, April 20-23, 2008 1Cepsa, Madrid, Spain ([email protected]) 2Institut Français du Petrole, Rueil Malmaison, France Abstract A large scale regional study has been carried out at the scale of the Suez rift, using surface restoration. Its aim was to propose a coherent 3D interpretation of geological structures of the Suez rift in order to understand its North-South variations. Results highlight the role of the pre-existing transverse structures on the development of the land-locked basins and salt depocenter in the central and southern Gulf of Suez and Red Sea. Introduction Restoration tools are useful in hydrocarbon exploration in improving the geometry of the model and therefore reducing the uncertainty on the prospects that have to be drilled. The computed past geometries may be used to study the evolution of the basin versus time. Restoration is also interesting in solving more academic questions, as for instance the modeling of the paleogeography of the areas and the regional extension and shortening quantification. In this study, we have completed a 3D surface restoration of the synrift series of the Gulf of Suez. This work has various goals: first to have a 3D model of the Gulf where up to now only cross-sections have been prepared, then to get surface restorations in order to understand the various depocenters during rift evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Fault Blocks of Abu Darag Basin, Northern Gulf of Suez, Egypt, As Deduced from Potential Field Data Interpretation
    ANALYSISANALYSIS ARTICLE 11(25), March 1, 2014 ISSN 2278–5469 EISSN 2278–5450 Discovery Fault blocks of Abu Darag Basin, Northern Gulf of Suez, Egypt, as deduced from potential field data interpretation Ahmad A Azab, Ahmed A El-Khafeef Exploration Department Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Publication History Received: 04 January 2014 Accepted: 08 February 2014 Published: 1 March 2014 Citation Ahmad A Azab, Ahmed A El-Khafeef. Fault blocks of Abu Darag Basin, Northern Gulf of Suez, Egypt, as deduced from potential field data interpretation. Discovery, 2014, 11(25), 9-19 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT Herein, an integrated approaches to image the main fault blocks and related structures that characterize "AbuDarag Basin" at the extreme northern part of the Gulf of Suez. The potential field data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for identifying and locating the gravity and magnetic lineaments including faults and/or contacts. The Bouguer and RTP aeromagnetic anomalies were implemented and emphasized using different techniques, concerning anomaly resolution, fault locations and trend analysis. As well, the interpreted structure was supported and refined by constructing 2.5-Dgravity/magnetic joint models, invented and guided by available drilled wells. All outcomes were incorporated to construct a structural map for the basement surface. The structural elements map illustrates that the basement relief is dominated by low and high tectonic features of NW orientation, with some significant structural discontinuity to the NE.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Non-Indigenous Molluscs from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
    BioInvasions Records (2018) Volume 7, Issue 3: 245–257 Open Access DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2018.7.3.05 © 2018 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2018 REABIC Research Article New records of non-indigenous molluscs from the eastern Mediterranean Sea Jan Steger1,*, Martina Stockinger1, Angelina Ivkić1,2, Bella S. Galil3 and Paolo G. Albano1 1Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria 2Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands 3The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Author e-mails: [email protected] (JS), [email protected] (MS), [email protected] (AI), [email protected] (BSG), [email protected] (PGA) *Corresponding author Received: 15 June 2018 / Accepted: 11 July 2018 / Published online: 2 August 2018 Handling editor: Fred Wells Abstract We report new findings of non-indigenous Indo-Pacific molluscs from shallow water habitats off Israel, Greece and Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. The bivalves Pillucina vietnamica Zorina, 1978 and Alveinus miliaceus (Issel, 1869) were collected from sandy bottoms off Israel, whereas Gregariella cf. ehrenbergi (Issel, 1869) was recovered from a buoy originating from Port Said, Egypt, and stranded on the Israeli coast. The three species are first records for the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, we report range extensions for several gastropods: Varicopeza pauxilla (A. Adams, 1855) is recorded from Israel, Phidiana militaris (Alder and Hancock, 1864) from southern Israel (Ashqelon), and Viriola cf. bayani Jousseaume, 1884 from Israel and Crete. Shells and valves of an unidentified lucinid bivalve morphologically distinct from any known Mediterranean species were found along the Israeli Mediterranean shore.
    [Show full text]
  • Exotics in the Eastern Mediterranean 1
    Exotics in the eastern Mediterranean 1 A SEA CHANGE – EXOTICS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BELLA S. GALIL1* & ARGYRO ZENETOS2 ¹National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Haifa Israel ²Institute of Oceanography, National Centre for Marine Research, Agios Kosmas, Hellinikon, Greece *Corresponding author [email protected] Abstract The eastern Mediterranean is susceptible to biological invasions because of its placement between the Atlantic, Pontic and Erythrean regions, busy maritime traffic, and lagoons and bays that are crowded with fish and shellfish farms. However, the greatest influx of invaders resulted from the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, which allowed entry of Indo-Pacific and Erythrean biota. Exotic macrophytes, invertebrates and fish are found in most coastal habitats in the eastern Mediterranean. Some invaders have outcompeted or replaced native species locally, some are considered pests or cause nuisance, whereas other invaders are of commercial value. However, at variance with other invaded seas, the invasion into the eastern Mediterranean has increased the region’s biodiversity. The rate of marine biotic invasions has increased in recent decades; collectively they have significant ecological and economic impacts in the eastern Mediterranean. Ssome Erythrean invaders have already spread as far west as Malta and Sicily, and if global warming was to affect the Mediterranean sea-water temperature, then tropical invasive species would gain a distinct advantage over the native fauna. Key words : biological invasions, Ionian, Aegean, Levantine, Suez Canal, Red Sea, shipping, mariculture 1 Introduction 1.1 TOPOGRAPHY The eastern Mediterranean (EMED) comprises the Levantine, Aegean, Ionian and Adriatic Seas (see Occhipinti, this volume). The Ionian Sea connects with the western Mediterranean by the shallow (400 m) Strait of Sicily, with the Adriatic Sea by the 2 B.
    [Show full text]
  • State and Pressures of the Marine and Coastal Mediterranean Environment
    1 Environmental issues series No 5 State and pressures of the marine and coastal Mediterranean environment UNEP 2 State and pressures of the marine and coastal Mediterranean environment NOTE The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Communities or other European Communities institutions. Neither the European Environ- ment Agency nor any person or company acting on the behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999 Cover: EEA Layout: Folkmann Design ISBN © European Communities, 1999 Printed in Printed on recycled chlorine-free paper European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 DK-1050 Copenhagen K Tel. (+45) 33 36 71 00 Fax (+45) 33 36 71 99 E-mail: [email protected] Home page: http://www.eea.eu.int 3 Contents List of contributors ........................................................................................................6 Foreword ......................................................................................................................7 Executive summary ........................................................................................................9 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................27
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Structure Beneath the Gulf of Aqaba and Adjacent Areas Based on the Tomographic Inversion of Regional Earthquake Data
    Solid Earth, 7, 965–978, 2016 www.solid-earth.net/7/965/2016/ doi:10.5194/se-7-965-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Seismic structure beneath the Gulf of Aqaba and adjacent areas based on the tomographic inversion of regional earthquake data Sami El Khrepy1,2, Ivan Koulakov3,4, Nassir Al-Arifi1, and Alexey G. Petrunin5,6,7 1King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 2National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Seismology Department, NRIAG, 11421 Helwan, Egypt 3Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Prospekt Koptyuga 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 5Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 6GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 7Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, B. Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow, Russia Correspondence to: Sami El Khrepy ([email protected]) and Ivan Koulakov ([email protected]) Received: 2 January 2016 – Published in Solid Earth Discuss.: 18 January 2016 Revised: 23 May 2016 – Accepted: 24 May 2016 – Published: 20 June 2016 Abstract. We present the first 3-D model of seismic P and 1 Introduction S velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Gulf of Aqaba and surrounding areas based on the results of Tectonic activity in the Gulf of Aqaba region is responsi- passive travel time tomography. The tomographic inversion ble for high levels of seismicity, which represent a signifi- was performed based on travel time data from ∼ 9000 re- cant hazard for the local population. For example, in 1993 gional earthquakes provided by the Egyptian National Seis- and 1995, two strong earthquake sequences with magnitudes mological Network (ENSN), and this was complemented reaching Mb D 5.8 and Mb D 6.7 (main shocks), respectively, with data from the International Seismological Centre (ISC).
    [Show full text]
  • Lessepsian Migration of Zooplankton Through Suez Canal and Its Impact on Ecological System
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2015) 41, 129–144 HOSTED BY National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research http://ees.elsevier.com/ejar www.sciencedirect.com REVIEW ARTICLE Article Review: Lessepsian migration of zooplankton through Suez Canal and its impact on ecological system Howaida Y. Zakaria National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt Received 21 January 2015; revised 2 April 2015; accepted 2 April 2015 Available online 18 May 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract The marine environment of the East Mediterranean has been considerably impacted in Zooplankton; modern times by two man-made changes: the creation of a waterway between the Indo-Pacific Lessepsian migration; and the Mediterranean basins and the control of the Nile fresh-water outflow. The opening of Red Sea; the Suez Canal caused a migration generally from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, and rarely Mediterranean Sea; in the opposite direction as the Red Sea is generally saltier and more nutrient-poor than the Suez Canal Atlantic, so the Red Sea species have advantages over Atlantic species in the salty and nutrient- poor eastern Mediterranean. Accordingly Red Sea species invaded the Mediterranean ecosystem and not vice versa; this phenomenon is known as the Lessepsian migration or erythrean invasion. The composition of zooplankton in the eastern Mediterranean has been shown to include a large proportion of Indo-Pacific and other circumtropical species which have successfully settled and pro- liferated in this environment. During the present study, an overview is provided on zooplankton migration through Suez Canal and its impact on the ecological system based on published literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Palynology of the Cenomanian Raha Formation, Gulf of Suez, Egypt: Biostratigraphical, Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeobiogeographical Implications
    Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Vienna 2018 Volume 111/1 135 - 154 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2018.0009 Palynology of the Cenomanian Raha Formation, Gulf of Suez, Egypt: Biostratigraphical, palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical implications Omar MOHAMED1)*), Ahmed MANSOUR1), Sameh S. TAHOUN2), Ashraf M. T. ELEWA1) & Muhammad Ali MEKKEY3) 1) Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt; 2) Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613, Giza, Egypt; 3) West Bakr Petroleum Company, P.O. Box 546 Cairo-code No. 11371, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; *) Corresponding author: [email protected] KEYWORDS Cenomanian; palynostratigraphy; palaeoenvironment; palaeobiogeography; palynofacies; Gulf of Suez Abstract The current study presents a fully qualitative palynological investigation carried out on the Raha Formation encountered from three wells in the Bakr Oil Field of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Around 30 species of pteridophytic spores, 26 species of an- giosperm pollen, 24 species of gymnosperm pollen and 27 species of dinoflagellate cysts have been recorded. However, achritarchs, microforaminiferal test linings and freshwater algae are impoverished and sparsely documented through- out the Raha Formation. Two palynozones have been identified based on some stratigraphically significant pollen and spores, arranged from youngest to oldest: (1) Palynozone I (Classopollis brasiliensis–Tricolpites sagax Assemblage Zone) of late Cenomanian age; (2) Palynozone II (Afropollis jardinus–Crybelosporites pannuceus Assemblage Zone) of early-middle Cenomanian age. The distribution and ecological affiliation of specific palynomorph species, as well as various palyno- facies parameters, are interpreted. A shallow marine environment from supratidal to distal inner neritic under proximal suboxic–anoxic to dysoxic–anoxic shelf conditions is reconstructed.
    [Show full text]