DOCSLIB.ORG

Trace Fossils of the Brassfield Formation, Lower Silurian, in South-Central Ohio and North Central Kentucky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trace Fossils of the Brassfield Formation, Lower Silurian, in South-Central Ohio and North Central Kentucky Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1975 Trace Fossils of the Brassfield ormation,F Lower Silurian, in South- Central Ohio and North Central Kentucky Eugene J. Murray Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Murray, Eugene J., "Trace Fossils of the Brassfield ormation,F Lower Silurian, in South-Central Ohio and North Central Kentucky" (1975). Master's Theses. 2449. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2449 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRACE FOSSILS OF THE BRASSFIELD FORMATION, LOWER SILURIAN, IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OHIO AND NORTH- CENTRAL KENTUCKY by Eugene J. Murray A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1975 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. William B. Harrison III for first introducing him to the topic and for valuable assistance both in the field and in research. My appreciation also goes to Dr. Stewart Monroe and Dr. W. Thomas Straw for their critical evaluation of the manuscript. Modern traces cited were observed during the summer of 197^ at Scituate, Massachusetts with the help of Dr. David Nellis, Boston State College. Lastly, I would like to thank Raymond Perez for assistance in typing the original manuscript. Eugene J. Murray ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MASTERS THESIS M-7945 MURRAY, Eugene J. TRACE FOSSILS OF THE BRASSFIELD FORMATION, LOWER SILURIAN, IN SOUTH- CENTRAL OHIO AND NORTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY. Western Michigan University, M.S., 1975 Geology Xerox University Microfilms,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................. ii INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 Historical Development ........................ 1 Classification of Trace Fossils .................... 4 Ethological classification ............ 6 Preservational classification ................... 6 Trace Fossils as a Paleoecological Tool ........... 10 Value of neoichnology ...................... 10 Paleoecological value of trace fossils .......... 16 Relationship of the Brassfield Formation with the Regional Silurian Stratigraphy ....... 18 Brassfield Lithology and Characteristics ..... 23 PALE0EC0L0GIC INTERPRETATION ......................... 28 Environmental Conditions ........................... 28 Brassfield Paleocommunity Re-examined in Light of the Trace Fossils ............................... 30 Alterations of the Sedimentary Record .............. 33 SUMMARY ............................................... 3^ SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY .............................. 37 Domichnia ........................................... 37 Ichnogenus Skolithos Haldemann, 1840 ......... 37 Ichnospecies Skolithos delicatalus James, 1881 . 39 Ichnospecies Skolithos verticalis Hall, 1843 ... 41 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. iv Page Ichnogenus Diplocraterion Torell, 18?0 .......... 43 Ichnospecies Diplocraterion biclavatum Miller. 1875 ................................... 45 Fodinichnia ......................................... 48 Ichnogenus Chondrites Sternberg, I883 ........... 48 Chondrites Type A .............................. 53 Chondrites Type B ............................... 54 Chondrites Type C .............................. 54 New Ichnogenus Conclavichnus ..................... 55 New Ichnospecies Conclavichnus nerensis ....... 55 New Ichnogenus Radichnus ...................... 57 New Ichnospecies Radichnus unionensis ....., .., . 57 Ichnogenus Rusophycus Hall, I852 ............ 58 Ichnospecies Rusophycus? cryptolithi Osgood, 1970 ............ 61 Ichnospecies Rusophycus? clavatum Hall, 1852 ... 62 Repichnia ........................................... 64 Ichnogenus? Cruziana d'Orbigny, 1842 ............ 64 Ichnogenus Planolites Nicholson, 1873 ........... 65 Flanolites Type A ................. T........... 67 Planolites Type B .............................. 68 Ichnogenus Palaeophycus Hall, 1847 ............... 68 Ichnospecies Palaeophycus striatum Hall, I852 .. 71 Palaeophycus Type A ............................ 72 Palaeophycus Type B ............................ 73 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. V Page New Ichnogenus Sipuncuichnus ..................... 76 New Ichnospecies Sipuncuichnus verticalis ..... 76 Ichnogenus Imbrichnus Hallam, 1970 ............... 77 New Ichnospecies Imbrichnus repichensis ....... 78 Borings ..... ......................... 80 Ichnogenus Vermiforichnus Cameron, 19&9 ......... 80 Inorganic Traces ................................... 84- Dystactophycus Miller and Dyer, 1878 ............ 84 Load Casts............ ................ 86 Drag Marks ....................................... 86 References Cited ................................ 88 Plates ....................................... 93 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. The preservational classification as suggested by Seilacher .......... 8 Figure 2. Cleavage relief. The imprint of an arthropod's appendage is preserved in the lower laminae of a section of sediment while not being preserved in the upper layers ................................. 9 Figure 3 . Effects of sediment on the production of traces as displayed by a sea gull's footprints ................................ 12 Figure 4-. The fine detail of the gastropod trail produced by Littorina littorea as preserved in a cohesive sediment ......... 12 Figure 5 . The fine detail on the gastropod trail of Littorina littorae as destroyed by the flowage of muddy sediment ......... 14- Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vi Page Figure 6. Current direction, as shown by the agglutinated tube of Polydora ciliata, is from the top to the bottom of the photograph................................ 14 Figure ?. The feeding trace of a sea gull .......... 15 Figure 8. Correlation chart relating the Brassfield Formation with other rock units in the mid-continent region ........... 20 Figure 9. Map showing the major faunal units of the Lower Silurian........................... 22 Figure 10. Map showing the regional distribution of Silurian rock around the Cincinnati arch. Also included are the sample localities for the study .............. 26 Figure 11. Belfast member of the Brassfield Formation........ 2? Figure 12. Interbedded shales, limestones, and dolomites which are characteristic of the Brassfield Formation .... ............ 27 Figure 13. Burrowing activity of the recent genus Sipunculus ............ 35 Figure 14. Pseudo-cross-bedding produced by Imbrichnus repichensis................................ 36 Figure 15* Relationship between the two ichnogenera Diplocraterion and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3D Ichnofabrics in Shale Gas Reservoirs
    3D ICHNOFABRICS IN SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS By @ Małgorzata Bednarz A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland October 2014 St. John’s Newfoundland Abstract This PhD research project uses three-dimensional ichnology to address issues of shale- hydrocarbon reservoir quality and provides new tools for ichnofabric analysis and ichnotaxonomic considerations. The study presents deterministic (devoid of conceptual simplifications and interpretations) visualizations of the true spatial geometry of the aff. Chondrites, aff. Phycosiphon and Nereites trace fossils and models the three-dimensional arrangements of the burrow components. The volumetric reconstructions of the real geometry of the trace fossils allowed for their comparison with the previously established visualizations and for reconsideration of pre-existing palaeobiological models. To date three-dimensional understanding of the majority of trace fossils is presented as conceptual drawings available only on two-dimensional media. Such reconstructions are extrapolated mainly from observations of cross sections of burrows from core and outcrop and do not allow for realistic volumetric quantification and full elucidation of complex trace fossil geometries in the context of the host-sediment. The new methodology based on precise serial grinding and volume-visualization presented herein addresses this gap in ichnological knowledge, and is especially useful for examination of the ichnofabric contained in mudstones and muddy siltstones where the application or non-destructive methods of 3D reconstructions as CT scanning or MRI is impossible owing to the rock petrological characteristics (e.g., low burrow-matrix density difference).
    [Show full text]
  • 12. Bioturbation and Trace Fossils in Deep Sea Sediments of the Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic, Leg 741
    12. BIOTURBATION AND TRACE FOSSILS IN DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE WALVIS RIDGE, SOUTHEASTERN ATLANTIC, LEG 741 Dieter K. Fütterer, Geologisch-Palàontologisches Institut der Universitàt Kiel, D-2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany ABSTRACT Trace fossil distribution present in pelagic carbonates cored on the Walvis Ridge during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 74 are described. A characteristic deep-sea trace fossil assemblage comprising the cosmopolitan ichnogenera Planolites, Chondrites, Zoophycos, and Teichichnus was found at paleo-water-depths ranging from a few hundred to about 4500 m. Paleodepth distribution indicates that Zoophycos has changed its environmental preference from relatively shallow water in the Cretaceous into deeper water in the late Paleocene. Thus Zoophycos can be used as a paleodepth indicator in the bathyal environment if its stratigraphic age is known. INTRODUCTION Cretaceous age. Normal subsidence of the Walvis Ridge produced paleodepth core profiles passing from rela- Bioturbation is the churning, stirring, and reworking tively shallow initial paleo-water-depths continuously to of a sediment by bottom-dwelling benthic organisms. In their present-day positions, which are in some cases most cases it obliterates primary sedimentary structures 2000 m deeper. and thus any information on the environmental con- Continuous coring by the hydraulic piston corer ditions during sedimentation. Increasing bioturbation (HPC) produced very good recovery and only minor eventually results in a nearly complete homogenization drilling disturbance in the unconsolidated sediments. of the sediment. These prerequisites offered an ideal opportunity to col- However, distinctly shaped sedimentary features pro- lect continuous data on the distribution of trace fossils duced by the activity of bottom-dwelling organisms through time and to relate those data to systematic (known as trace fossils, ichnofossils, or lebensspuren) changes in water depths in the open ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty Publications and Presentations 2010-11
    UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS PUBLICATIONS & PRESENTATIONS JULY 1, 2010 – JUNE 30, 2011 Table of Contents Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences………………………………….. Page 3 School of Architecture…………………………………... Page 125 Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences…………………. Page 133 Walton College of Business……………………………... Page 253 College of Education and Health Professions…………… Page 270 College of Engineering…………………………………... Page 301 School of Law……………………………………………. Page 365 University Libraries……………………………………… Page 375 BUMPERS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND LIFE SCIENCES Agricultural Economic and Agribusiness Alviola IV, P. A., and O. Capps, Jr. 2010 “Household Demand Analysis of Organic and Conventional Fluid Milk in the United States Based on the 2004 Nielsen Homescan Panel.” Agribusiness: an International Journal 26(3):369-388. Chang, Hung-Hao and Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr. 2010. “Childhood Obesity and Unhappiness: The Influence of Soft Drinks and Fast Food Consumption.” J Happiness Stud 11:261–275. DOI 10.1007/s10902-009-9139-4 Das, Biswa R., and Daniel V. Rainey. 2010. "Agritourism in the Arkansas Delta Byways: Assessing the Economic Impacts." International Journal of Tourism Research 12(3): 265-280. Dixon, Bruce L., Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Aiko O. Landerito, Sandra J. Hamm, and Diana M. Danforth. 2010. “Determinants of FSA Direct Loan Borrowers’ Financial Improvement and Loan Servicing Actions.” Journal of Agribusiness 28,2 (Fall):131-149. Drichoutis, Andreas C., Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr., Panagiotis Lazaridis. 2010. “Do Reference Values Matter? Some Notes and Extensions on ‘‘Income and Happiness Across Europe.” Journal of Economic Psychology 31:479–486. Flanders, Archie and Eric J. Wailes. 2010. “ECONOMICS AND MARKETING: Comparison of ACRE and DCP Programs with Simulation Analysis of Arkansas Delta Cotton and Rotation Crops.” The Journal of Cotton Science 14:26–33.
    [Show full text]
  • Meteorite Flux to Earth in the Early Cretaceous As Reconstructed from Sediment-Dispersed Extraterrestrial Spinels
    Meteorite flux to Earth in the Early Cretaceous as reconstructed from sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial spinels Birger Schmitz1,2*, Philipp R. Heck2, Walter Alvarez3,4, Noriko T. Kita5, Surya S. Rout2, Anders Cronholm1, Céline Defouilloy5, Ellinor Martin1, Jan Smit4,6, and Fredrik Terfelt1 1Astrogeobiology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden 2Robert A. Pritzker Center for Meteoritics and Polar Studies, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA 3Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 4Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, Contrada Coldigioco 4, 62021 Apiro, Italy 5WiscSIMS, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA 6Department of Sedimentary Geology, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands ABSTRACT to 470 ± 6 Ma (Korochantseva et al., 2007), but the most precise relative We show that Earth’s sedimentary strata can provide a record of date is given by an abrupt two-orders-of magnitude increase worldwide the collisional evolution of the asteroid belt. From 1652 kg of pelagic in sand-sized L-chondritic chromite grains in mid-Ordovician sediments Maiolica limestone of Berriasian–Hauterivian age from Italy, we (Schmitz et al., 2003; Heck et al., 2016). recovered 108 extraterrestrial spinel grains (32–250 μm) represent- By dissolving 100-kg-sized samples of condensed sediments from ing relict minerals from coarse micrometeorites. Elemental and three different time periods in various acids, the highly refractory extraterres- oxygen isotope analyses were used to characterize the grains, provid- trial spinel minerals can be concentrated. The recovered grains typically ing a first-order estimate of the major types of asteroids delivering contain high concentrations of solar-wind noble gases, indicating that material at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Trip Guide to the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation and Cenozoic Rocks of Southern Oregon and Northern California Field
    Field Trip Guide to the Upper Cretaceous Hornbrook Formation and Cenozoic Rocks of southern Oregon and northern California Students in SOU’s field geology course examining sandstones of the Rocky Gulch Member of the Hornbrook Formation near Hilt, California. Field Trip Leader: Bill Elliott Department of Geology, Southern Oregon University Saturday, September 8, 2007 Introduction The Klamath Mountains are an elongated north-trending geological province that occupies approximately 19,000 km2 in southwestern Oregon and northern California. The Klamath Mountains are made-up of numerous terranes that accreted during the Antler (Devonian), Sonoman (Permian to Late Triassic), and Nevadan (Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) orogenies (Mortimer, 1984). These terranes have been grouped into four metamorphic belts, from oldest (east) to youngest (west): Eastern Klamath Belt; Central Metamorphic; Western Paleozoic and Triassic; and Western Jurassic (Irwin, 1966; Irwin, 1994). In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, numerous magma bodies intruded the Klamath Mountains, including the Jurassic Mt. Ashland pluton and Early Cretaceous Grants Pass pluton (Hotz 1971; Gribble et al., 1990). During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, a subduction zone complex and forearc basin developed along the western margin of North America while folding and thrusting of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic rocks associated with the Sevier orogeny triggered the formation of the Cordilleran foreland basin in the interior of North America (Figs. 1 and 2). The Hornbrook Formation (Upper Cretaceous) consists of a sequence of dominantly marine clastic sedimentary rocks about 1,200 meters thick exposed along the northeastern margin of the Klamath Mountains in southwestern Oregon to northern California (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Ichnological Analysis of the Bidart and Sopelana Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) Boundary Sections (Basque Basin, W Pyrenees): Refining Eco-Sedimentary Environment
    Sedimentary Geology 234 (2011) 42–55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Sedimentary Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo Ichnological analysis of the Bidart and Sopelana Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary sections (Basque Basin, W Pyrenees): Refining eco-sedimentary environment F.J. Rodríguez-Tovar a,⁎, A. Uchman b, X. Orue-Etxebarria c, E. Apellaniz c, Juan I. Baceta c a Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain b Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Oleandry Str. 2a, PL-30-063 Kraków, Poland c Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain article info abstract Article history: Ichnological analysis of two Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary sections at Bidart (SE France) and Sopelana (N Received 12 August 2010 Spain) has been conducted in order to refining eco-sedimentary environment, and to a make comparison with Received in revised form 23 October 2010 previous interpretations based on microfossils. In both sections, trace fossil assemblage is low diverse, Accepted 22 November 2010 consisting of Chondrites, Planolites, Thalassinoides, Trichichnus, Zoophycos, and ?Phycosiphon, ascribed to the Available online 1 December 2010 Zoophycos ichnofacies, however, with distinct differences. In the Bidart section, early Danian dark-filled trace Editor: M.R. Bennett fossil assemblage is more abundant in large Thalassinoides, Zoophycos and larger Chondrites, and less abundant in Trichichnus and small Chondrites in comparison to the Sopelana section. Sopelana is thus interpreted as a Keywords: more offshore, deeper section than Bidart although both were located in the upper bathyal zone of the basin.
    [Show full text]
  • A Delayed Response of the Trace Fossil Community at the Cretaceous
    Geobios 48 (2015) 137–145 Available online at ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Original article A delayed response of the trace fossil community at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in the Bottaccione section, § Gubbio, Central Italy a, b c Paolo Monaco *, Francisco J. Rodrı´guez-Tovar , Alfred Uchman a Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Universita` degli Studi di Perugia, via G. Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy b Departamento de Estratigrafı´a y Paleontologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain c Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Oleandry Street 2a, 30-063 Krako´w, Poland A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: A bed-by-bed ichnological analysis at the classic Bottaccione section (Gubbio area, Italy), reveals an Received 11 June 2014 unusual response of ichnofauna to the environmental changes associated with the Cretaceous-Paleogene Accepted 3 February 2015 (K-Pg) boundary event. The trace fossil assemblage, consisting of Chondrites isp., Planolites isp., Available online 23 February 2015 Thalassinoides isp., Trichichnus isp., and Zoophycos isp., is similar to that registered during Cenomanian and Turonian times, showing persistence of the same community for a long time interval in deep-sea Keywords: carbonate deposits. Absence of significant changes through the K-Pg boundary confirms that the Ichnology extinction did not touch the ichnofauna. The decline of trace fossils occurs at 6 cm above the K-Pg Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary boundary, with the total absence of biogenic structures in a 3 cm-thick layer showing parallel Bottaccione Apennines laminations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stratigraphy and Depositional Setting of the Spencer
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Linda J. Baker for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on March 3, 1988. Title: The Stratigraphy and Depositional Setting of the Spencer Formation, West-central Willamette Valley, Oregon; a Surface-subsurface Analysis Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Dr. Kieth F. Oles The late Eocene Spencer Formation crops out in the low hills on the western edge of the central Willamette Valley, Oregon.Surface exposures in eastern Benton and southeastern Polk Counties and oil/gas well records and cuttings in Polk, Marion and Linn Counties were studied to determine Spencer stratigraphy, regional lithologic variations, and depositional environment. Methods used include: study of outcrops, petrography, texture, and well cuttings, as well as the correlation of well logs and microfossil data of McKeel (1984, 1985). The distribution of the underlying early-late Eocene Yamhill Formation is also briefly considered. The Yamhill Formation consists of the Miller sandstone member enclosed between mudstones. The lower and middle Yamhill record shoaling from bathyal to marginal marine depths, and they are overlain by bathyal upper Yamhill mudstones. The Miller sandstone is lens-shaped, trends parallel to the Corvallis fault, and reaches a maximum thickness of approximately 2,000 feet on the east side of the fault. The Miller sandstone grades westward into bathyal mudstones, and eastward into volcanic tuffs and flows. Thinning of the Miller sandstone and upper Yamhill mudstone along the Corvallis fault suggests movement during early late Eocene. The absence of Yamhill strata along the outcrop belt to the southwest may be related to this tectonic activity.
    [Show full text]
  • 23. Biogenic Sedimentary Structures (Trace Fossils) in Leg 15 Cores
    23. BIOGENIC SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES (TRACE FOSSILS) IN LEG 15 CORES John E. Warme, Department of Geology, Rice University, Houston, Texas W. James Kennedy, Oxford University, Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PR, England and Nahum Schneidermann1, Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois INTRODUCTION discussions are brief (e.g., Seilacher, 1967, 424; Donahue, 1971) or incomplete. Surface trails have been studied by Sediment cores from the deep sea rarely show biogenic Bourne and Heezen (1965), Heezen (1970), and Heezen sedimentary structures so well preserved, in such variety, and Hollister (1971). and so readily comparable with land-based occurrences as Current interest by paleontologists and sedimentologists those in Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 15 cores from the in trace fossils of land-based exposures has resulted in Caribbean Sea. These markings, or "trace fossils," were recent significant publications and syntheses (Seilacher, formed by sediment-dwelling benthonic animals that struc- 1964, 1967; Crimes and Harper, 1970; Osgood, 1970; tured the sediment into distinctive patterns. Most trace Perkins, 1971). Papers on burrowing in deep sea sediments fossils exhibited in the cores are records of the feeding or on the consequences of burrowing and mixing for behavior of marine invertebrates that exploited the sedi- micro fossil zonation, textural analyses, depositional rate ment for food. determinations, etc., include Clarke (1968), Berger and The well-indurated Upper Cretaceous sediments from Heath (1968), Piper and Marshall (1969), Hanor and Sites 146, 152 and 153 best show the suite of traces. The Marshall (1971), and Donahue (1971). majority of our examples are from Site 146, which was continuously cored and offers the greatest number and SAMPLES STUDIED variety of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Chondritic Meteorite Fragments Associated with the Permian- Triassic Boundary in Antarctica
    R EPORTS and subrounded (Fig. 2A) and strongly re- semble the so-called “native-iron nuggets” Chondritic Meteorite Fragments reported from the bedded chert layer of the Permo-Triassic section in Sasayama, Japan Associated with the Permian- (13). Most of the grains from our Meishan sample are compositionally similar to the Fe- Triassic Boundary in Antarctica Ni-Si grains reported previously (6) from the base of bed 25 marking the end-Permian in Asish R. Basu,1* Michail I. Petaev,2,3 Robert J. Poreda,1 the Meishan section. Our electron micro- Stein B. Jacobsen,2 Luann Becker4 probe measurements (14) show that the grains are almost pure Fe (99 to 100%) with Multiple chondritic meteorite fragments have been found in two sedimentary up to 0.20 weight % Ni, 0.60 weight % Cr, rock samples from an end-Permian bed at Graphite Peak in Antarctica. The and 0.39 weight % Si. Ni/Fe, Co/Ni, and P/Fe ratios in metal grains; the Fe/Mg and Mn/Fe ratios in The magnetic fraction from the claystone olivine and pyroxene; and the chemistry of Fe-, Ni-, P-, and S-bearing oxide in breccia at the P-T boundary of Graphite Peak the meteorite fragments are typical of CM-type chondritic meteorites. In one consists of abundant opaque grains and rare sample, the meteoritic fragments are accompanied by more abundant discrete aggregates of silicates and opaque minerals. metal grains, which are also found in an end-Permian bed at Meishan, southern Three types of opaque grains were identified China. We discuss the implications of this finding for a suggested global impact in the Graphite Peak samples: (i) predomi- event at the Permian-Triassic boundary.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary File 2 for Uchman A., Hanken N.-M., Nielsen J.P., Grundvåg S.-A
    Supplementary File 2 for Uchman A., Hanken N.-M., Nielsen J.P., Grundvåg S.-A. & Piasecki S. 2016. Depositional environment, ichnological features and oxygenation of Permian to earliest Triassic marine sediments in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Polar Research 35. Correspondence: Alfred Uchman, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Oleandry Str. 2a, PL-30-063, Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Systematic description of burrows Some of the illustrated specimens are housed in the Institute of Geological Sciences of the Jagiellonian University, Poland, with collection prefix INGUJ207P. Material housed at Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø, Norway, has collection prefix TSGF. The illustrated specimens seen in the field but not collected have not been allocated numbers. The cited figures refers to the main text. Arenicolites Salter, 1857 Arenicolites isp. Figs. 5a, b, 11a? Description. Simple, lined or unlined tubular structures, 3–6 mm in diameter, which are sub- vertical in the upper part and bent to inclined in the lower part, or rarely forming more complete U-shaped structures which are up to 110 mm wide. They occur in the upper part of sandstones, up to 90–220 mm below the top. They are filled with sandy or muddy sediment. Sand-filled specimens display dark muddy linings. Remarks. The curvatures at terminations suggest a U-shaped, simple trace fossil such as Arenicolites. One specimen contained a full U-shaped burrow (Fig. 5b). Arenicolites Salter is a dwelling and feeding burrow produced by suspension feeders, probably small crustaceans (Goldring 1962) or annelids (e.g., Hakes 1976) . It occurs mostly in shallow-marine sediments (Crimes et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Upper
    RI 2008-1H 131 PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER TRIASSIC KAMISHAK FORMATION IN THE PUALE BAY–CAPE KEKURNOI–ALINCHAK BAY AREA, KARLUK C-4 AND C-5 QUADRANGLE, ALASKA PENINSULA by Robert B. Blodgett1 ABSTRACT This report summarizes the paleontological character and stratigraphy of the Kamishak Formation in the Puale Bay–Cape Kekurnoi–Alinchak Bay area, Karluk C-4 and C-5 quadrangle, Alaska Peninsula. This 799.5-m- (2,625-ft-) thick strata succession has long been of interest to petroleum explorationists and has been considered to be the most likely source of the hydrocarbons found in oil and gas seeps in the greater Becharof Lake region. Paleontological data presented here are derived from published literature, unpublished internal paleontological reports of the U.S. Geological Survey, and new collections made by the author during the course of fi eldwork conducted by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysi- cal Surveys (DGGS) in August 2007. Data are presented on various megafaunal groups found in this unit as well as for a single conodont element (conodonts have previously been unreported from Kamishak exposures on the Alaska Peninsula and lower Cook Inlet region). Biodiversity is highest in the lowermost biostromal limestone and overlying nodular limestone beds (each assigned to separate informal members here) limited in exposure to the headland area near the eastern entrance into Puale Bay, where a diverse fauna of bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods, scleractinian corals, and nautiloids is noted. To the northeast along the shoreline between this headland and Cape Kekurnoi, these lowermost beds are laterally replaced by deeper-water limestone and shale (referred to in this report as the limestone and shale member), which are characterized by an abundance of monotid bivalves (most of which belong to the species Monotis [Pacimonotis] subcircularis Gabb) and hydrozoan genus Heterastridium.
    [Show full text]