Satellite Navigation Systems for Earth and Space Sciences Editorial
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
50 Satellite Formation-Flying and Rendezvous
Parkinson, et al.: Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications — Chap. 50 — 2017/11/26 — 19:03 — page 1 1 50 Satellite Formation-Flying and Rendezvous Simone D’Amico1) and J. Russell Carpenter2) 50.1 Introduction to Relative Navigation GNSS has come to play an increasingly important role in satellite formation-flying and rendezvous applications. In the last decades, the use of GNSS measurements has provided the primary method for determining the relative position of cooperative satellites in low Earth orbit. More recently, GNSS data have been successfully used to perform formation-flying in highly elliptical orbits with apogees at tens of Earth radii well above the GNSS constellations. Current research aims at dis- tributed precise relative navigation between tens of swarming nano- and micro-satellites based on GNSS. Similar to terrestrial applications, GNSS relative navigation benefits from a high level of common error cancellation. Furthermore, the integer nature of carrier phase ambiguities can be exploited in carrier phase differential GNSS (CDGNSS). Both aspects enable a substantially higher accuracy in the estimation of the relative motion than can be achieved in single-spacecraft navigation. Following historical remarks and an overview of the state-of-the-art, this chapter addresses the technology and main techniques used for spaceborne relative navigation both for real-time and offline applications. Flight results from missions such as the Space Shuttle, PRISMA, TanDEM-X, and MMS are pre- sented to demonstrate the versatility and broad range of applicability of GNSS relative navigation, from precise baseline determination on-ground (mm-level accuracy), to coarse real-time estimation on-board (m- to cm-level accuracy). -
Geodesy in the 21St Century
Eos, Vol. 90, No. 18, 5 May 2009 VOLUME 90 NUMBER 18 5 MAY 2009 EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION PAGES 153–164 geophysical discoveries, the basic under- Geodesy in the 21st Century standing of earthquake mechanics known as the “elastic rebound theory” [Reid, 1910], PAGES 153–155 Geodesy and the Space Era was established by analyzing geodetic mea- surements before and after the 1906 San From flat Earth, to round Earth, to a rough Geodesy, like many scientific fields, is Francisco earthquakes. and oblate Earth, people’s understanding of technology driven. Over the centuries, it In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the the shape of our planet and its landscapes has developed as an engineering discipline artificial satellite Sputnik, ushering the world has changed dramatically over the course because of its practical applications. By the into the space era. During the first 5 decades of history. These advances in geodesy— early 1900s, scientists and cartographers of the space era, space geodetic technolo- the study of Earth’s size, shape, orientation, began to use triangulation and leveling mea- gies developed rapidly. The idea behind and gravitational field, and the variations surements to record surface deformation space geodetic measurements is simple: Dis- of these quantities over time—developed associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. tance or phase measurements conducted because of humans’ curiosity about the For example, one of the most important between Earth’s surface and objects in Earth and because of geodesy’s application to navigation, surveying, and mapping, all of which were very practical areas that ben- efited society. -
Solar Radiation Pressure Models for Beidou-3 I2-S Satellite: Comparison and Augmentation
remote sensing Article Solar Radiation Pressure Models for BeiDou-3 I2-S Satellite: Comparison and Augmentation Chen Wang 1, Jing Guo 1,2 ID , Qile Zhao 1,3,* and Jingnan Liu 1,3 1 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; [email protected] (C.W.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (J.L.) 2 School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-027-6877-7227 Received: 22 December 2017; Accepted: 15 January 2018; Published: 16 January 2018 Abstract: As one of the most essential modeling aspects for precise orbit determination, solar radiation pressure (SRP) is the largest non-gravitational force acting on a navigation satellite. This study focuses on SRP modeling of the BeiDou-3 experimental satellite I2-S (PRN C32), for which an obvious modeling deficiency that is related to SRP was formerly identified. The satellite laser ranging (SLR) validation demonstrated that the orbit of BeiDou-3 I2-S determined with empirical 5-parameter Extended CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) Orbit Model (ECOM1) has the sun elongation angle (# angle) dependent systematic error, as well as a bias of approximately −16.9 cm. Similar performance has been identified for European Galileo and Japanese QZSS Michibiki satellite as well, and can be reduced with the extended ECOM model (ECOM2), or by using the a priori SRP model to augment ECOM1. In this study, the performances of the widely used SRP models for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites, i.e., ECOM1, ECOM2, and adjustable box-wing model have been compared and analyzed for BeiDou-3 I2-S satellite. -
Galileo FOC-M7 SAT 19-20-21-22
LAUNCH KIT December 2017 VA240 Galileo FOC-M7 SAT 19-20-21-22 VA240 Galileo FOC-M7 SAT 19-20-21-22 ARIANESPACE’S SECOND ARIANE 5 LAUNCH FOR THE GALILEO CONSTELLATION AND EUROPE For its 11th launch of the year, and the sixth Ariane 5 liftoff from the Guiana Space Center (CSG) in French Guiana during 2017, Arianespace will orbit four more satellites for the Galileo constellation. This mission is being performed on behalf of the European Commission under a contract with the European Space Agency (ESA). For the second time, an Ariane 5 ES version will be used to orbit satellites in Europe’s own satellite navigation system. At the completion of this flight, designated Flight VA240 in Arianespace’s launcher family numbering system, 22 Galileo spacecraft will have been launched by Arianespace. Arianespace is proud to deploy its entire family of launch vehicles to address Europe’s needs and guarantee its independent access to space. Galileo, an iconic European program Galileo is Europe’s own global navigation satellite system. Under civilian control, Galileo offers guaranteed high-precision positioning around the world. Its initial services began in December CONTENTS 2016, allowing users equipped with Galileo-enabled devices to combine Galileo and GPS data for better positioning accuracy. The complete Galileo constellation will comprise a total of 24 operational satellites (along with > THE LAUNCH spares); 18 of these satellites already have been orbited by Arianespace. ESA transferred formal responsibility for oversight of Galileo in-orbit operations to the GSA VA240 mission (European GNSS Agency) in July 2017. Page 3 Therefore, as of this launch, the GSA will be in charge of the operation of the Galileo satellite Galileo FOC-M7 satellites navigation systems on behalf of the European Union. -
The Navy Navigation Satellite System (Transit)
ROBERT J. DANCHIK THE NAVY NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (TRANSIT) This article provides an update on the status of the Navy Navigation Satellite System (TRANSIT). Some insights are provided on the evolution of the system into its current configuration, as well as a discussion of future plans. BACKGROUND sign goal was never achieved for long in those early In 1958, research scientists at APL solved the orbit days because the satellites had short operational life of the first Russian satellite, Sputnik-I, by analysis of times. The failures largely resulted from inadequate the observed Doppler shift of its transmitted signal. component quality and the large number of wiring in This led immediately to the concept of satellite navi terconnections. However, after OSCAR 2 10 and OS gation and the development of the U.S. Navy Navi CAR 12 were launched in 1966 and 1967, respectively, gation Satellite System (TRANSIT) by APL, under the enough data on the failure mechanisms became avail sponsorship of the Navy's Special Projects Office, to able to APL to achieve the desired advances in reli provide position fixes for the Fleet Ballistic Missile ability. The integrated circuit introduced in OSCAR Weapon System submarines. (The articles in Ref. 1, 10 significantly extended the satellite lifetime by im a previous issue of the fohns Hopkins APL Techni proving component reliability and reducing the num cal Digest devoted to TRANSIT, give the principles ber of interconnections. Subsequently, the last major of operation and early history of the system.) Now, design change made to the solar cell interconnections, 26 years after its conception, the system is mature. -
Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS European Global Navigation Satellite System and Copernicus: Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals BUILDING BLOCKS TOWARDS THE 2030 AGENDA UNITED NATIONS Cover photo: ©ESA/ATG medialab. Adapted by the European GNSS Agency, contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2017), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA European Global Navigation Satellite System and Copernicus: Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals BUILDING BLOCKS TOWARDS THE 2030 AGENDA UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2018 ST/SPACE/71 © United Nations, January 2018. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concern- ing the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present pub- lication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Foreword by the Director of the Office for Outer Space Affairs The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development came into effect on 1 January 2016. The Agenda is anchored around 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which set the targets to be fulfilled by all governments by 2030. -
GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, and CONTROL 2020 AAS PRESIDENT Carol S
GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2020 AAS PRESIDENT Carol S. Lane Cynergy LLC VICE PRESIDENT – PUBLICATIONS James V. McAdams KinetX Inc. EDITOR Jastesh Sud Lockheed Martin Space SERIES EDITOR Robert H. Jacobs Univelt, Incorporated Front Cover Illustration: Image: Checkpoint-Rehearsal-Movie-1024x720.gif Caption: “OSIRIS-REx Buzzes Sample Site Nightingale” Photo and Caption Credit: NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona Public Release Approval: Per multimedia guidelines from NASA Frontispiece Illustration: Image: NASA_Orion_EarthRise.jpg Caption: “Orion Primed for Deep Space Exploration” Photo Credit: NASA Public Release Approval: Per multimedia guidelines from NASA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2020 Volume 172 ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES Edited by Jastesh Sud Proceedings of the 43rd AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference held January 30 to February 5, 2020, Breckenridge, Colorado Published for the American Astronautical Society by Univelt, Incorporated, P.O. Box 28130, San Diego, California 92198 Web Site: http://www.univelt.com Copyright 2020 by AMERICAN ASTRONAUTICAL SOCIETY AAS Publications Office P.O. Box 28130 San Diego, California 92198 Affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science Member of the International Astronautical Federation First Printing 2020 Library of Congress Card No. 57-43769 ISSN 0065-3438 ISBN 978-0-87703-669-2 (Hard Cover Plus CD ROM) ISBN 978-0-87703-670-8 (Digital Version) Published for the American Astronautical Society by Univelt, Incorporated, P.O. Box 28130, San Diego, California 92198 Web Site: http://www.univelt.com Printed and Bound in the U.S.A. FOREWORD HISTORICAL SUMMARY The annual American Astronautical Society Rocky Mountain Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference began as an informal exchange of ideas and reports of achievements among local guidance and control specialists. -
Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space
Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space Pavel Podvig and Hui Zhang © 2008 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences All rights reserved. ISBN: 0-87724-068-X The views expressed in this volume are those held by each contributor and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138-1996 Telephone: (617) 576-5000 Fax: (617) 576-5050 Email: [email protected] Visit our website at www.amacad.org Contents v PREFACE vii ACRONYMS 1 CHAPTER 1 Russia and Military Uses of Space Pavel Podvig 31 CHAPTER 2 Chinese Perspectives on Space Weapons Hui Zhang 79 CONTRIBUTORS Preface In recent years, Russia and China have urged the negotiation of an interna - tional treaty to prevent an arms race in outer space. The United States has responded by insisting that existing treaties and rules governing the use of space are sufficient. The standoff has produced a six-year deadlock in Geneva at the United Nations Conference on Disarmament, but the parties have not been inactive. Russia and China have much to lose if the United States were to pursue the programs laid out in its planning documents. This makes prob - able the eventual formulation of responses that are adverse to a broad range of U.S. interests in space. The Chinese anti-satellite test in January 2007 was prelude to an unfolding drama in which the main act is still subject to revi - sion. -
Coordinate Systems in Geodesy
COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN GEODESY E. J. KRAKIWSKY D. E. WELLS May 1971 TECHNICALLECTURE NOTES REPORT NO.NO. 21716 COORDINATE SYSTElVIS IN GEODESY E.J. Krakiwsky D.E. \Vells Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick P.O. Box 4400 Fredericton, N .B. Canada E3B 5A3 May 1971 Latest Reprinting January 1998 PREFACE In order to make our extensive series of lecture notes more readily available, we have scanned the old master copies and produced electronic versions in Portable Document Format. The quality of the images varies depending on the quality of the originals. The images have not been converted to searchable text. TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iv LIST OF TABLES . vi l. INTRODUCTION l 1.1 Poles~ Planes and -~es 4 1.2 Universal and Sidereal Time 6 1.3 Coordinate Systems in Geodesy . 7 2. TERRESTRIAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS 9 2.1 Terrestrial Geocentric Systems • . 9 2.1.1 Polar Motion and Irregular Rotation of the Earth • . • • . • • • • . 10 2.1.2 Average and Instantaneous Terrestrial Systems • 12 2.1. 3 Geodetic Systems • • • • • • • • • • . 1 17 2.2 Relationship between Cartesian and Curvilinear Coordinates • • • • • • • . • • 19 2.2.1 Cartesian and Curvilinear Coordinates of a Point on the Reference Ellipsoid • • • • • 19 2.2.2 The Position Vector in Terms of the Geodetic Latitude • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 2.2.3 Th~ Position Vector in Terms of the Geocentric and Reduced Latitudes . • • • • • • • • • • • 27 2.2.4 Relationships between Geodetic, Geocentric and Reduced Latitudes • . • • • • • • • • • • 28 2.2.5 The Position Vector of a Point Above the Reference Ellipsoid . • • . • • • • • • . .• 28 2.2.6 Transformation from Average Terrestrial Cartesian to Geodetic Coordinates • 31 2.3 Geodetic Datums 33 2.3.1 Datum Position Parameters . -
Satellite Geodesy: Foundations, Methods and Applications, Second Edition
Satellite Geodesy: Foundations, Methods and Applications, Second Edition By Günter Seeber, 589 pages, 281 figures, 64 tables, ISBN: 3-11-017549-5, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co., Berlin, 2003 The first edition of this book came out in 1993, when it made an enormous contribution to the field. It brought together in one volume a vast amount Günter Seeber of information scattered throughout the geodetic literature on satellite mis Satellite Geodesy sions, observables, mathematical models and applications. In the inter 2nd Edition vening ten years the field has devel oped at an astonishing rate, and the new edition has been completely revised to take this into account. Apart from a review of the historical development of the field, the book is divided into three main sections. The first part is a general introduction to the fundamentals of the subject: refer ence frames; time systems; signal propagation; Keplerian models of satel de Gruyter lite motion; orbit perturbations; orbit determination; orbit types and constel lations. The second section, which contributes to the fields of terrestrial comprises the major part of the book, and marine physical and geometrical is a detailed description of the principal geodesy, navigation and geodynamics. techniques falling under the umbrella of satellite geodesy. Those covered The book is written in an accessible are: optical techniques; Doppler posi style, particularly given the technical tioning; Global Navigation Satellite nature of the content, and is therefore Systems (GNSS, incorporating GPS, useful to a wide community of readers. GLONASS and GALILEO), Satellite Every topic has extensive and up to Laser Ranging (SLR), satellite altime date references allowing for further try, gravity field missions, Very Long investigation where necessary. -
Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Their Applications Dr
ISSN (Print): 2279-0063 International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) ISSN (Online): 2279-0071 International Journal of Software and Web Sciences (IJSWS) www.iasir.net Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Their Applications Dr. G. Manoj Someswar1, T. P. Surya Chandra Rao2, Dhanunjaya Rao. Chigurukota3 1Principal and Professor, Department of CSE, AUCET, Vikarabad, A.P. 2Associate Professor in Department of CSE 3Associate Professor in Nasimhareddy Engineering Collge ABSTRACT: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays a significant role in high precision navigation, positioning, timing, and scientific questions related to precise positioning. Ofcourse in the widest sense, this is a highly precise, continuous, all-weather and a real-time technique. This Research Article is devoted to presenting recent results and developments in GNSS theory, system, signal, receiver, method and errors sources such as multipath effects and atmospheric delays. To make it more elaborative, this varied GNSS applications are demonstrated and evaluated in hybrid positioning, multi- sensor integration, height system, Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK), wheeled robots, status and engineering surveying. This research paper provides a good reference for GNSS designers, engineers, and scientists as well as the user market. I. USE AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS In the year 2001, pursuant to the Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE-III), the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) established the Action Team on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) under the leadership of the United States and Italy and with the voluntary participation of 38 Member States and 15 organizations. -
Multi-GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning: Some Results in South Korea
JPNT 6(1), 35-41 (2017) Journal of Positioning, https://doi.org/10.11003/JPNT.2017.6.1.35 JPNT Navigation, and Timing Multi-GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning: Some Results in South Korea Byung-Kyu Choi1†, Chang-Hyun Cho1, Sang Jeong Lee2 1Space Geodesy Group, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Korea 2Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea ABSTRACT Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method is based on dual-frequency data of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The recent multi-constellations GNSS (multi-GNSS) enable us to bring great opportunities for enhanced precise positioning, navigation, and timing. In the paper, the multi-GNSS PPP with a combination of four systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou) is analyzed to evaluate the improvement on positioning accuracy and convergence time. GNSS observations obtained from DAEJ reference station in South Korea are processed with both the multi-GNSS PPP and the GPS-only PPP. The performance of multi-GNSS PPP is not dramatically improved when compared to that of GPS only PPP. Its performance could be affected by the orbit errors of BeiDou geostationary satellites. However, multi-GNSS PPP can significantly improve the convergence speed of GPS-only PPP in terms of position accuracy. Keywords: PPP, multi-GNSS, Positioning accuracy, convergence speed 1. INTRODUCTION Positioning System (GPS) has been modernized steadily and Russia has also operated the GLObal NAvigation Satellite Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using the Global Navigation System (GLONASS) stably since 2012. Furthermore, the EU Satellite System (GNSS) can determine positioning of users has launched the 12th Galileo satellite recently indicating from several millimeters to a few centimeters (cm) if dual- the global satellite navigation system is now entering a final frequency observation data are employed (Zumberge et al.