West Chester University Digital Commons @ West Chester University Gordon Natural Area Baseline Plant Survey Gordon Natural Area Baseline Plant Survey Documents
2016 Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) - Version 10 Nur Ritter West Chester University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bps_series Part of the Botany Commons
Recommended Citation Ritter, N. (2016). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) - Version 10. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bps_series/4
This Dataset is brought to you for free and open access by the Gordon Natural Area Baseline Plant Survey at Digital Commons @ West Chester University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gordon Natural Area Baseline Plant Survey Documents by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ West Chester University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) - Version X
Key to Sources (see Literature Cited for complete references) E&H 2010: Ebert, J. and J. Holt. 2010; E&M 2012: Ebert J. and K. McMillin. 2012; H 1984: Hertel, G. D. 2008, sampling from 1984; H 2004: Hertel, G. D. 2008, sampling from 2004; H&E 2007: Holt, J. and J. Ebert. 2007; O 1973: Overlease, W. 1973; O&O 2011: Overlease, W. and E. Overlease. 2011; T 2007: Turner, et al. 2007. Species Data Species names follow the nomenclature in USDA PLANTS, with the exception of State-listed taxa (which follow the nomenclature of the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program). Species in red are non-native to the lower 48 States (note: this may not be evident on printed copies). Synonyms are those that appear in the various floristic studies at the GNA that were used in compiling the checklist.
Coefficient of Conservation 0 to 3: Plants with a high range of ecological tolerances/found in a variety of plant communities; 4 to 6: Plants with an intermediate range of ecological tolerances/associated with a specific plant community; 7 to 8: Plants with a poor range of ecological tolerances/associated with an advanced successional stage; 9 to 10: Plants with a high degree of fidelity to a narrow range of pristine habitats Origin (in the lower 48 States) N: Native; I: Introduced; N/I: Native in some state and Introduced in others
Key to Growth Forms F: Forb/Herb; F/SS: Forb/herb, Subshrub; F/V: Forb/herb, Vine; G: Graminoid; G/S: Graminoid/Shrub; SS: Subshrub; SS/F: Subshrub, Forb/herb; SS/S: Subshrub/Shrub; S: Shrub; S/T: Shrub, Tree; S/V: Shrub, Vine; T: Tree; V: Vine; V/F: Vine, Forb/herb; V/SS: Vine/Subshrub; V/S: Vine/Shrub Key to Symbols Species is on the Pennsylvania DCNR list of invasive plants. Species is on the Pennsylvania DCNR invasive plant Watch List. Species that is said to be resistant/tolerant to deer. Species (native or non-native) with known alleopathic properties.
State-listed species (Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program)
Of specific value to native bees, bumblebees, honeybees, and/or predatory or parasitoid insects that prey upon pest insects.
Is listed as either a 'FACW+' or 'OBL' wetland plant in the Northeast Region of the United States (data from USDA PLANTS) 'Wintergreen' species: Herbaceous species who's leaves are present throughout (or, at least a good part of) the winter. Note: The largest portion of the data comes from a study of the 'wintergreen flora' of Ohio, hence, some species that are categorized as 'wintergreen' may possess a different phenology in Pennsylvania. Spring ephemeral species The species is said to be ant-dispersed and/or have seeds with elaiosomes.
Seeds/spores are hydrophilic (recalcitrant): i.e., intolerant of dry storage. The species is said to be associated with mycorrhizae. NM The species is said to be non-mycorrhizal. Y/N The species is listed as bothmycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal. H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Ferns & Fern Allies Aspleniaceae
Asplenium platyneuron 3 N Ebony Spleenwort F + + + +
Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennstaedtia punctilobula 2 N Eastern Hayscented Fern F + + +
Dryopteridaceae
Y/N Athyrium filix-femina 3 N Common Ladyfern F + + + +
Deparia acrostichoides 4 N Silver False Spleenwort F + + + + Synonyms: Athyrium thelypterioides (Michx.) Desv. Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters Y/N Dryopteris carthusiana 4 N Spinulose Woodfern F + +
Dryopteris cristata 6 N Crested Woodfern F + +
Dryopteris intermedia 4 N Intermediate Woodfern F + + + +
Matteuccia struthiopteris 3 N Ostrich Fern F + +
Onoclea sensibilis 1 N Sensitive-fern F + + + +
Polystichum acrostichoides 3 N Christmas Fern F + + + +
Equisetaceae
Y/N Equisetum arvense 1 N Field Horsetail F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Lycopodiaceae
Huperzia lucidula 6 N Shining Clubmoss F/SS + +
Lycopodium digitatum 5 N Fan Clubmoss F/SS + + Synonyms: Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill. ex A. Braun) Holub Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fernald) Blanch. Ophioglossaceae
Botrychium dissectum 3 N Cutleaf Grapefern F + + + + Synonyms: Sceptridium dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon Botrychium virginianum 5 N Rattlesnake-fern F + + + + Synonyms: Botrypus virginianus (L.) Holub Osmundaceae
Osmunda cinnamomea 5 N Cinnamon Fern F + +
Osmunda claytoniana 5 N Interrupted Fern F + + +
Y/N Osmunda regalis 7 N Royal Fern F +
Pteridaceae
Adiantum pedatum 6 N Maidenhair Fern F + + +
Thelypteridaceae
Phegopteris hexagonoptera 6 N Broad Beechfern F + + + +
Y/N Thelypteris noveboracensis 4 N Tapering Fern, New York Fern F + + + + Synonyms: Parathelypteris novaeboracensis (L.) Ching H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Thelypteris palustris 5 N Eastern Marsh Fern F + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Gymnosperms Cupressaceae
Juniperus virginiana 2 N Eastern Red Cedar T + + + +
Pinaceae
Pinus strobus 7 N Eastern White Pine T + + +
Y/N Pinus sylvestris 0 I Scotch Pine T +
Taxaceae
Taxus cuspidata 0 I Japanese Yew T + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Flowering Plants
Salix 0 + +
Aceraceae
Acer negundo 2 N Box Elder T + + + + + + +
Acer palmatum 0 I Japanese Maple S/T + +
Y/N Acer platanoides 0 I Norway Maple T + + + + + + +
Acer rubrum 1 N Red Maple T + + + + + + + +
Acer saccharinum 3 N Silver Maple T + + +
Acer saccharum 5 N Sugar Maple S/T + + + + +
Acoraceae
Acorus calamus 1 I Calamus; Sweetflag F + +
Alismataceae
Sagittaria australis 5 N Longbeak Arrowhead F +
Sagittaria latifolia 5 N Broadleaf Arrowhead F + + + +
Anacardiaceae
Rhus glabra 3 N Smooth Sumac S/T + +
Rhus typhina 1 N Staghorn Sumac S/T + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Toxicodendron radicans 1 N Eastern Poison Ivy SS/V + + + + + +
Apiaceae
Aegopodium podagraria 0 I Bishop's Goutweed F +
Cicuta maculata 5 N Spotted Water Hemlock F + + + +
Conium maculatum 0 I Poison Hemlock F + + + + +
Cryptotaenia canadensis 2 N Canadian Honewort F + + +
Y/N Daucus carota 0 I Queen Anne's-lace F + + + + +
Osmorhiza claytonii 4 N Clayton's Sweetroot F +
Osmorhiza longistylis 4 N Sweet Cicely F + + + +
Y/N Pimpinella saxifraga 0 I Solidstem Burnet Saxifrage F +
Sanicula canadensis 3 N Canadian Blacksnakeroot F + + +
Sanicula odorata 7 N Clustered Blacksnakeroot F + +
Sanicula trifoliata 5 N Largefruit Blacksnakeroot F +
Zizia aptera 7 N Meadow Zizia F + +
Apocynaceae
Apocynum cannabinum N Hemp Dogbane F + + + + + +
Vinca minor 0 I Common Periwinkle V/F + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Aquifoliaceae
Ilex crenata 0 I Japanese Holly S/T +
Ilex opaca 5 N American Holly S/T + +
Ilex verticillata 4 N Common Winterberry S/T + +
Araceae
Arisaema triphyllum N Jack-in-the-pulpit F + + + + +
Symplocarpus foetidus 3 N Skunk Cabbage F + + +
Araliaceae
Aralia nudicaulis 5 N Wild Sarsaparilla F/SS + +
Aralia racemosa 6 N American Spikenard F/SS + +
Aralia spinosa N Devil's Walkingstick S/T + +
Hedera helix 0 I English Ivy V +
Panax quinquefolius 7 N American Ginseng F + + +
Panax trifolius N Dwarf Ginseng F + + +
Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia serpentaria 6 N Virginia Snakeroot F + +
Asarum canadense 4 N Canadian Wildginger, Canadian F + + + + Snakeroot H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias exaltata 7 N Poke Milkweed F + +
Asclepias incarnata 4 N Swamp Milkweed F +
Asclepias syriaca 1 N Common Milkweed F + + + + +
Asclepias tuberosa 6 N Butterfly Milkweed F + +
Asteraceae
Y/N Achillea millefolium 0 N/I Common Yarrow F + + + + +
Ageratina altissima 2 N White Snakeroot F + + + +
Ambrosia artemisiifolia 0 N Common Ragweed F + + + +
Ambrosia trifida 1 N Giant Ragweed F/SS + + + +
Antennaria howellii 3 N Howell's Pussytoes F + Synonyms: Antennaria neodioica Greene ssp. neodicoica (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins Antennaria neglecta 2 N Field Pussytoes F + + +
Antennaria parlinii 3 N Parlin's Pussytoes F +
Antennaria plantaginifolia 3 N Plantain-leaved Pussytoes F + + +
Anthemis cotula 0 I Stinking Chamomile F +
Y/N Arctium lappa 0 I Greater Burdock F +
Arctium minus 0 I Lesser Burrdock F + + + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Artemisia annua 0 I Sweet Sagewort F +
Artemisia vulgaris 0 N/I Common Wormwood F/SS + +
Bidens bipinnata 2 N Spanish Needles F +
Bidens cernua 4 N Nodding Beggartick F + +
Bidens connata 3 N Purplestem Beggarticks F +
Bidens frondosa 1 N Devil's Beggartick F + + + +
Carduus nutans 0 I Nodding Plumeless Thistle F +
Cichorium intybus 0 I Chicory F + + +
Cirsium arvense 0 I Canada Thistle F + + + + +
Cirsium discolor 2 N Field Thistle F + + + + +
Cirsium pumilum 4 N Pasture Thistle F + +
Y/N Cirsium vulgare 0 I Bull Thistle F + +
Conyza canadensis 0 N Canadian Horseweed F + + + + Synonyms: Erigeron canadensis L. Erechtites hieraciifolia 0 N American Burnweed F + + + +
Erigeron annuus 0 N Daisy Fleabane F + + +
Erigeron philadelphicus 1 N Philadelphia Fleabane F + + +
Erigeron pulchellus 3 N Robin's Plantain F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Erigeron strigosus 0 N Narrow-leaved Fleabane F + +
Eupatorium perfoliatum 3 N Boneset F + + +
Eupatorium purpureum 5 N Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed F + +
Eurybia divaricata 3 N White Wood Aster F + + + Synonyms: Aster divaricatus Euthamia graminifolia N Flat-top Goldenrod F + + + + +
Eutrochium fistulosum 3 N Trumpetweed F + + Synonyms: Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatorium fistulosum Galinsoga ciliata 0 I Galinsoga F + + +
Helianthus decapetalus 3 N Thinleaf Sunflower F + + +
Hieracium 0 I Hawkweed F +
Hieracium caespitosum 0 N Meadow Hawkweed F + + + + Synonyms: Hieracium pratense Tausch Hieracium gronovii 5 N Queendevil F + +
Hieracium paniculatum 5 N Panicled Hawkweed F + +
Hieracium piloselloides 0 I Tall Hawkweed F +
Lactuca biennis 1 N Tall Blue Lettuce F + + + +
Lactuca canadensis 1 N Smooth Blue Lettuce F + +
Lactuca serriola 0 I Prickly Lettuce F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Leucanthemum vulgare 0 I Oxeye Daisy F + + + Synonyms: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Packera aurea 5 N Golden Ragwort F + + + +
Prenanthes altissima 4 N Tall Rattlesnakeroot F + + + +
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium N Rabbit-tobacco F + + Synonyms: Gnaphalium oPseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifoliumbtusifolium L. Rudbeckia hirta 0 N Blackeyed Susan F + + +
Rudbeckia laciniata 5 N Green-headed Coneflower F/SS + + +
Y/N Senecio vulgaris 0 I Old-man-in-the-spring F +
Solidago altissima 1 N Tall Goldenrod F + + +
Solidago bicolor 6 N White Goldenrod F + +
Solidago caesia 5 N Blue-stemmed Goldenrod F + + + +
Solidago canadensis 1 N Canada Goldenrod F + + + +
Solidago flexicaulis 6 N Zigzag Goldenrod F + +
Solidago gigantea 4 N Giant Goldenrod F + + + +
Solidago juncea 3 N Early Goldenrod F + + + + +
Solidago nemoralis 4 N Gray Goldenrod F + + +
Solidago patula 6 N Roundleaf Goldenrod F + + + +
Solidago rugosa 3 N Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod F + + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Y/N Sonchus asper 0 I Spiny Sowthistle F + + + +
Sonchus oleraceus 0 I Common Sowthistle F +
Symphyotrichum cordifolium 4 N Common Blue Wood Aster F + + Synonyms: Aster cordifolius L. Symphyotrichum lanceolatum 2 N White Panicle Aster F + + +
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum 2 N Calico Aster F + + Synonyms: Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 2 N New England Aster F + + Synonyms: Aster novae-angliae Symphyotrichum pilosum 2 N Hairy White Oldfield Aster F + + + Synonyms: Aster pilosus Willd. var. demotus Symphyotrichum puniceum 3 N Purplestem Aster F/SS + + + +
Taraxacum officinale 0 N/I Dandelion F + + + + + +
Vernonia noveboracensis 3 N New York Ironweed F + + +
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens capensis 2 N Orange Jewelweed F + + + + +
Berberidaceae
Berberis thunbergii 0 I Japanese Barberry S + + + + + +
Caulophyllum thalictroides 5 N Blue Cohosh F + + +
Podophyllum peltatum 5 N Mayapple F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Betulaceae
Alnus serrulata 4 N Hazel Alder S/T + + +
Betula populifolia 2 N Gray Birch T + +
Carpinus caroliniana 5 N Blue Beech, Ironwood S/T + + + + + +
Corylus americana 5 N American Hazelnut S + + +
Ostrya virginiana 6 N Hophornbeam S/T +
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum virginianum 7 N Wild Comfrey F +
Hackelia virginiana 2 N Stickseed F + + + + +
Brassicaceae
NM Alliaria petiolata 0 I Garlic Mustard F + + + + +
Y/N Arabidopsis thaliana 0 I Mouseear Cress F +
Arabis canadensis 5 N Sicklepod F +
Arabis lyrata 8 N Lyrate Rockcress F +
NM Barbarea vulgaris 0 I Garden Yellowrocket F + + + + +
NM Brassica rapa I Field Mustard F + + + Synonyms: Brassica campestris L. Y/N Capsella bursa-pastoris 0 I Shepherd's Purse F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Cardamine bulbosa 6 N Bulbous Bittercress F + +
NM Cardamine concatenata 5 N Cutleaf Toothwort F + + +
Y/N Cardamine hirsuta 0 I Hairy Bittercress F + +
NM Cardamine impatiens 0 I Narrowleaf Bittercress F + +
Cardamine pensylvanica 5 N Pennsylvania Bittercress F + + +
NM Erysimum cheiranthoides 0 I Wormseed Mustard F + +
Hesperis matronalis 0 I Dames Rocket F + + +
Lepidium campestre 0 I Field Pepperweed F + + + +
Lepidium densiflorum 0 N/I Common Pepperweed F +
NM Nasturtium officinale 0 N Watercress F + +
Y/N Sisymbrium officinale 0 I Hedgemustard F + +
NM Thlaspi arvense 0 I Field Pennycress F + +
Buxaceae
Pachysandra terminalis 0 I Japanese Pachysandra F/SS +
Callitrichaceae
Callitriche heterophylla 5 N Twoheaded Water-starwort F +
Callitriche palustris 7 N Vernal Water-starwort F + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Campanulaceae
Lobelia inflata 0 N Indian- Tobacco F + + + +
Lobelia siphilitica 5 N Great Blue Lobelia F + + +
Triodanis perfoliata 0 N Venus'-looking-glass F + +
Cannabaceae
Humulus japonicus 0 I Japanease Hop V/F + + + + +
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica 0 I Japanese Honeysuckle V + + + + + + +
Lonicera maackii 0 I Amur Honeysuckle S + + + + + +
Lonicera morrowii 0 I Morrow Honeysuckle S + + + +
Lonicera sempervirens 5 N Trumpet Honeysuckle V +
Lonicera standishii 0 I Standish's Honeysuckle S +
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis 3 N American Black Elderberry S/T + + + + + Synonyms: Sambucus canadensis L. Viburnum acerifolium 5 N Mapleleaf Viburnum SS/S + + + + +
Viburnum dentatum 3 N Southern Arrowwood S/T + + + + +
Viburnum dilatatum 0 I Linden Arrowwood S + +
Viburnum opulus 0 N/I European Cranberrybush S/T + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Viburnum plicatum 0 I Japanese Snowball S + +
Viburnum prunifolium 2 N Black Haw S/T + + + + + +
Viburnum sieboldii 0 I Siebold's Arrowwood S/T +
Caryophyllaceae
NM Arenaria serpyllifolia 0 I Thymeleaf Sandwort F +
Y/N Cerastium fontanum 0 I Common Mouse-ear Chickweed F + + + Synonyms: Cerastium holosteoides auct. non Fr. NM Cerastium glomeratum 0 I Sticky Chickweed F +
Cerastium nutans 5 N Nodding Chickweed F + +
Dianthus armeria 0 I Deptford-pink F + + +
Paronychia canadensis 6 N Slender Forked Chickweed F + +
Silene latifolia 0 I Bladder Campion F + + + + +
Silene stellata 6 N Widowsfrill F + + +
Stellaria longifolia 4 N Longleaf Starwort F + + +
Y/N Stellaria media 0 I Common Chickweed F + +
Celastraceae
Celastrus orbiculatus 0 I Oriental Bittersweet V + + + +
Euonymus alatus 0 I Burningbush S + + + Synonyms: Euonymus alata (Thunb.) Siebold, orth. var. H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Euonymus fortunei 0 I Wintercreeper V/S + + + +
Chenopodiaceae
Y/N Chenopodium album 0 N/I Lamb’s-quarters, Pigweed F + + + + +
Clusiaceae
Hypericum perforatum 0 I Common St. Johnswort F + + +
Hypericum punctatum 2 N Spotted St. John's-wort F + + + +
Commelinaceae
Y/N Commelina communis 0 I Asiatic Dayflower F + + + +
Convolvulaceae
Calystegia sepium 0 N/I Hedge False Bindweed V/F + + + + +
Cornaceae
Cornus alternifolia 5 N Alternateleaf Dogwood S/T + + + +
Cornus amomum 3 N Silky Dogwood S + + + +
Cornus florida 5 N Flowering Dogwood S/T + + + + + + +
Crassulaceae
Penthorum sedoides 3 N Ditch Stonecrop F + + +
Sedum ternatum 7 N Wild Stonecrop F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Cucurbitaceae
Echinocystis lobata 2 N Wild Cucumber V/F + +
Sicyos angulatus 2 N Oneseed Burr Cucumber V/F + + + + +
Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta gronovii 3 N Common Dodder V/F + + +
Cyperaceae
Carex aggregata 3 N Glomerate Sedge G +
Carex albicans 3 N Whitetinge Sedge G +
NM Carex amphibola N Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge G + +
Carex annectens 4 N Yellowfruit Sedge G +
Carex blanda 2 N Eastern Woodland Sedge G +
Carex bromoides 7 N Brome-like Sedge G + +
Carex caroliniana 5 N Carolina Sedge G +
Y/N Carex cephalophora 3 N Oval-leaf Sedge G +
Carex conjuncta 4 N Soft Fox Sedge G +
Carex davisii 7 N Davis' Sedge G +
Carex debilis 6 N White Edge Sedge G +
Carex digitalis 4 N Slenderwood Woodland Sedge G + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Carex frankii 3 N Frank's Sedge G +
Carex glaucodea 3 N Blue Sedge G +
Carex gracilescens 4 N Slender Looseflower Sedge G +
Carex gracillima 5 N Graceful Sedge G +
Carex hirsutella N Fuzzy Wuzzy Sedge G +
Carex hirtifolia 3 N Pubescent Sedge G + +
Carex laevivaginata 4 N Smoothsheath Sedge G +
Carex laxiculmis 5 N Spreading Sedge G + +
Carex laxiflora 4 N Broad Looseflower Sedge G + +
Carex lurida 1 N Shallow Sedge G + +
Carex normalis 3 N Greater Straw Sedge G +
Carex pensylvanica 5 N Pennsylvania Sedge G +
Carex prasina 7 N Drooping Sedge G +
Carex radiata 2 N Small Eastern Star Sedge G + +
Carex rosea 3 N Rosy Sedge G +
Y/N Carex scoparia 2 N Broom Sedge G +
Carex sparganioides 3 N Bur-reed Sedge G +
Carex spicata 0 I Prickly Sedge G + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Carex stipata 2 N Awlfruit Sedge G +
Carex striatula 6 N Lined Sedge G +
Y/N Carex stricta 5 N Upright Sedge G + +
Carex swanii 3 N Swan's Sedge G + +
Carex tribuloides 2 N Blunt Broom Sedge G + +
Carex vulpinoidea 2 N Fox Sedge G +
NM Cyperus esculentus 0 N/I Yellow Nutsedge G +
Y/N Cyperus strigosus 2 N Strawcolored Flatsedge G +
Eleocharis tenuis 2 N Slender Spikerush G + +
Scirpus cyperinus 4 N Woolgrass G +
Scirpus georgianus 3 N Georgia Bulrush G + +
Scirpus pendulus 6 N Rufous Bulrush G +
Scirpus polyphyllus 4 N Leafy Bulrush G +
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea villosa 4 N Wild Yam V/F + + + +
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia 0 I Russian Olive S/T +
Elaeagnus umbellata 0 I Autumn Olive S + + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Ericaceae
Lyonia ligustrina 7 N Maleberry; Privet Andromeda S + +
Rhododendron periclymenoides 5 N Pinkster-bush S + + +
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha rhomboidea 0 N Virginia Threeseed Mercury F + + +
Acalypha virginica 2 N Virginia Threeseed Mercury F +
Chamaesyce maculata 0 N Spotted Sandmat F +
Chamaesyce nutans 1 N Eyebane F + + + Synonyms: Euphorbia nutans Lag. Fabaceae
Albizia julibrissin 0 I Silktree S/T +
Amphicarpaea bracteata 4 N American Hogpeanut V/F + + + +
Cercis canadensis 7 N Eastern Redbud S/T +
Chamaecrista nictitans 4 N Partridge Pea F/SS + + Synonyms: Cassia nictitans L. Desmodium glutinosum 5 N Pointedleaf Ticktrefoil F + + +
Desmodium nudiflorum 5 N Nakedflower Ticktrefoil F + + +
Desmodium paniculatum 3 N Panicledleaf Ticktrefoil F + + + +
Desmodium perplexum 3 N Perplexed Ticktrefoil F + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Gleditsia triacanthos 0 N Honeylocust S/T + + +
Lespedeza repens 4 N Creeping Bush-clover F + +
Lespedeza violacea 6 N Violet Lespedeza F + + + Synonyms: Lespedeza intermedia sensu Clewell, 1966 Lotus corniculatus 0 I Birdfoot Deervetch F +
Medicago lupulina 0 I Black Medick F + +
Melilotus officinalis 0 I Yellow Sweetclover F + +
Robinia pseudoacacia 0 N Black Locust T + + + + + +
Y/N Securigera varia 0 I Crownvetch F/V + + + + Synonyms: Coronilla varia L. Trifolium aureum 0 I Golden Clover F + +
Trifolium campestre 0 I Field Clover F +
Y/N Trifolium hybridum 0 I Alsike Clover F + +
Y/N Trifolium pratense 0 I Red Clover F + + + +
Trifolium repens 0 I White Clover F + + + +
Vicia sativa 0 I Garden Vetch V/F +
Vicia tetrasperma 0 I Lentil Vetch V/F +
Fagaceae
Castanea dentata 5 N American Chestnut T + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Castanea mollissima I Chinese Chestnut T +
Fagus grandifolia 6 N American Beech T + + + + + +
Quercus acutissima I Sawtooth Oak T +
Quercus alba 4 N White Oak T + + + + +
Quercus bicolor 7 N Swamp White Oak T +
Quercus coccinea 4 N Scarlet Oak T + +
Quercus palustris 3 N Pin Oak T + + + +
Quercus rubra 4 N Red Oak T + + + + + +
Quercus velutina 4 N Black Oak T + + + + + +
Fumariaceae
NM Dicentra cucullaria 7 N Dutchman's Breeches F +
Gentianaceae
Obolaria virginica 6 N Virginia Pennywort F + +
Geraniaceae
Geranium maculatum 4 N Wild Geranium F + + + +
Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelis virginiana 6 N Witch-hazel S/T + + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Hydrangeaceae
Philadelphus Mock Orange S +
Hydrocharitaceae
NM Elodea canadensis 5 N Broad-leaved Waterweed F + +
Iridaceae
Sisyrinchium angustifolium 3 N Blue-eyed Grass F + + +
Juglandaceae
Carya cordiformis 3 N Bitternut Hickory T + +
Carya glabra 4 N Pignut Hickory T + + + +
Carya ovalis N Red Hickory T +
Carya ovata 5 N Shagbark Hickory T + + + + +
Carya tomentosa 5 N Mockernut Hickory T + + + + Synonyms: Carya alba (L.) Nutt., nom. utique rej. Juglans nigra 2 N Black Walnut T + + + + + + +
Juncaceae
Y/N Juncus effusus N Common Rush G + +
Juncus secundus 6 N Lopsided Rush G +
Juncus tenuis 1 N Poverty Rush G + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Luzula echinata 3 N Hedgehog Woodrush G +
Lamiaceae
Agastache nepetoides 4 N Yellow Giant Hyssop F/SS + +
Y/N Clinopodium vulgare 1 N Wild Basil F + + + Synonyms: Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch Collinsonia canadensis 5 N Citronella, Horsebalm F + + +
Y/N Glechoma hederacea 0 I Ground-ivy F + + + +
Hedeoma pulegioides 2 N American False Pennyroyal F + +
Lamium amplexicaule 0 I Henbit Deadnettle F + +
Lamium purpureum 0 I Purple Deadnettle F + + + +
Leonurus cardiaca 0 I Common Motherwort F + +
Lycopus americanus 4 N American Water Horehound F +
Lycopus uniflorus 5 N Northern Bugleweed F +
Lycopus virginicus 3 N Virginia Water Horehound F + +
Y/N Mentha arvensis 3 N Wild Mint F +
Mentha spicata 0 I Spearmint F + +
Perilla frutescens 0 I Beefsteakplant F + +
Y/N Prunella vulgaris N Common Selfheal F + + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium 4 N Narrowleaf Mountainmint F + +
Pycnanthemum virginianum 4 N Virginia Mountainmint F + + +
Scutellaria elliptica N Hairy Skullcap F + +
Scutellaria integrifolia 5 N Large-flowered Skullcap F +
Scutellaria lateriflora 4 N Blue Skullcap F + +
Teucrium canadense N Germander F + + + +
Trichostema dichotomum 4 N Forked Bluecurls F +
Lauraceae
Lindera benzoin 2 N Northern Spicebush S/T + + + + + + +
Sassafras albidum 1 N Sassafras S/T + + + +
Lemnaceae
Lemna minor 2 N Common Duckweed F + + +
Liliaceae
Allium tricoccum 5 N Ramp F +
Allium vineale 0 I Field Garlic, Wild Garlic F + + + + + +
Asparagus officinalis 0 I Garden Asparagus F + +
Erythronium americanum 4 N Yellow Trout-lilly F + + +
Hemerocallis fulva 0 I Orange Daylily F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Hosta ventricosa 0 I Blue Plaintain Lily F + + +
Hypoxis hirsuta 5 N Common Goldstar F + +
Lilium canadense 6 N Canada Lily F + +
Lilium lancifolium 0 I Tiger Lily F +
Maianthemum racemosum N Feathery False Lily Of The Valley F + + + + Synonyms: Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Medeola virginiana 5 N Indian Cucumber F + + + +
Muscari botryoides 0 I Common Grape Hyacinth F +
Narcissus pseudonarcissus 0 I Daffodil F +
Ornithogalum umbellatum 0 I Star-of-bethlehem F + + +
Polygonatum biflorum 5 N Smooth Solomon's Seal F + + + +
Polygonatum pubescens 5 N Hairy Solomon's Seal F + + + +
Scilla siberica 0 I Siberian Squill F +
Trillium cernuum 7 N Whip-poor-will Flower F +
Uvularia perfoliata 6 N Perfoliate Bellwort F + + + +
Uvularia sessilifolia 6 N Sessileleaf Bellwort F + +
Veratrum viride 6 N Green False Hellebore F + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Linaceae
Linum virginianum 7 N Woodland Flax F +
Lythraceae
Y/N Lythrum salicaria 0 I Purple Loosestrife F/SS + + +
Magnoliaceae
Liriodendron tulipifera 2 N Tulip-tree T + + + + + +
Magnolia acuminata 0 N Cucumber Tree T +
Malvaceae
Abutilon theophrasti 0 I Velvetleaf F + +
Hibiscus trionum 0 I Flower-of-an-hour F + + +
Malva moschata 0 I Musk Mallow F + +
Sida spinosa 0 N Spiny Mallow F/SS + +
Menispermaceae
Menispermum canadense 4 N Common Moonseed V +
Molluginaceae
Mollugo verticillata 0 N Green Carpetweed F + +
Monotropaceae
Monotropa uniflora 4 N Indianpipe F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Moraceae
Maclura pomifera 0 N Osage Orange S/T +
Morus alba 0 I White Mulberry S/T + + +
Morus rubra 5 N Red Mulberry T + + +
Nyssaceae
Nyssa sylvatica 4 N Blackgum T + + + + + +
Oleaceae
Fraxinus americana N White Ash T + + + + + + +
Fraxinus pennsylvanica 3 N Green Ash T +
Ligustrum obtusifolium 0 I Border Privet S + + +
Ligustrum vulgare 0 I European Privet S + +
Onagraceae
Circaea lutetiana 2 N Enchanter's-nightshade F + + + + + + Synonyms: Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill Epilobium coloratum 2 N Purpleleaf Willowherb F + + + +
Ludwigia alternifolia 4 N Seedbox F + +
Ludwigia palustris 3 N Marsh Seedbox F +
Oenothera biennis 1 N Common Evening-primrose F + + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Orchidaceae
Epipactis helleborine 0 I Broadleaf Helleborine F +
Galearis spectabilis 6 N Showy Orchid F + +
Platanthera flava var. herbiola 7 N Palegreen Orchid F +
Platanthera lacera 4 N Green Fringed Orchid F + +
Spiranthes cernua 6 N Nodding Ladies'-tresses F + +
Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis 7 N Northern Slender Lady's Tresses F +
Tipularia discolor 6 N Crippled Cranefly F +
Orobanchaceae
NM Epifagus virginiana 6 N Beechdrops F + + + +
Orobanche uniflora 6 N Oneflowered Broomrape F +
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis dillenii 1 N Yellow Wood-sorrel F + +
Oxalis stricta 1 N Common Yellow Oxalis F + + Synonyms: Oxalis europaea Jord. Oxalis violacea 4 N Violet Woodsorrel F +
Papaveraceae
Sanguinaria canadensis 3 N Bloodroot F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca americana 0 N American Pokeweed F + + + + +
Plantaginaceae
Plantago lanceolata 0 I English Plantain F + + + +
Plantago major 0 I Common Plantain F +
Plantago rugelii 0 N Blackseed Plantain F + + +
Platanaceae
Platanus occidentalis 3 N American Sycamore T + + +
Poaceae
Agrostis altissima 10 N Upland Bentgrass G +
Agrostis gigantea 0 I Red Top G + +
Agrostis hyemalis 0 N Winter Bentgrass G +
Agrostis perennans 10 N Upland Bentgrass G + Synonyms: Agrostis altissima (Walter) Tuck.
Alopecurus pratensis 0 I Meadow Foxtail G +
Andropogon gyrans 6 N Elliott's Bluestem G +
Andropogon virginicus 2 N Broomsedge Bluestem G +
Y/N Anthoxanthum odoratum 0 I Sweet Vernal Grass G + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Brachyelytrum erectum 5 N Bearded Shorthusk G +
Bromus inermis 0 N/I Smooth Brome G +
Bromus racemosus 0 I Bald Brome G + + Synonyms: Bromus commutatus Schrad. NM Bromus sterilis 0 I Poverty Brome G +
Bromus tectorum 0 I Cheatgrass G +
Cinna arundinacea 3 N Sweet Woodreed G + + + +
Y/N Dactylis glomerata 0 I Orchard Grass G + +
Danthonia spicata 2 N Poverty Oatgrass G +
Dichanthelium acuminatum N Tapered Rosette Grass G + + Synonyms: Panicum acuminatum Sw. Dichanthelium boscii 5 N Bosc's Panicgrass G +
Dichanthelium clandestinum 2 N Deertongue G + +
Dichanthelium dichotomum N Cypress Panicgrass G + +
Dichanthelium latifolium 5 N Broadleaf Rosette Grass G +
Digitaria ischaemum 0 I Smooth Crabgrass G +
Digitaria sanguinalis 0 N Hairy Crabgrass G + +
Y/N Echinochloa crus-galli 0 I Barnyardgrass G +
Eleusine indica 0 I Indian Goosegrass G + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Elymus repens 0 I Quackgrass G + Synonyms: Elytrigia repens Eragrostis minor 0 I Little Lovegrass G +
Eragrostis pectinacea 0 N Tufted Lovegrass G +
Eragrostis spectabilis 1 N Purple Lovegrass G +
Y/N Festuca rubra 0 N/I Red Fescue G +
Festuca subverticillata 3 N Nodding Fescue G + +
Glyceria striata 3 N Fowl Mannagrass G + +
Y/N Holcus lanatus 0 I Common Velvetgrass G +
Y/N Leersia oryzoides 2 N Rice Cutgrass G + +
Leersia virginica 2 N Whitegrass G + +
Lolium perenne 0 I Perrenial Ryegrass G +
Microstegium vimineum 0 I Nepalese Browntop G + + + +
Muhlenbergia schreberi 0 N Nimblewill G + + + +
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora 5 N Slimflower Muhly G +
Panicum anceps 4 N Beaked Panicgrass G + +
Panicum dichotomiflorum 0 N Fall Panicgrass G +
Panicum philadelphicum 1 N Philadelphia Panicgrass G + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Paspalum laeve 3 N Field Paspalum G +
Paspalum setaceum N Thin Paspalum G + +
Y/N Phalaris arundinacea 0 N Reed Canarygrass G + +
Phleum pratense 0 I Timothy G +
Phyllostachys bambusoides I Japanese Timber Bamboo G/S ?
Poa alsodes 5 N Grove Bluegrass G +
Y/N Poa annua 0 I Annual Bluegrass G +
Y/N Poa autumnalis 7 N Autumn Bluegrass G +
Y/N Poa compressa 0 I Canada Bluegrass G +
Y/N Poa pratensis 0 N/I Kentucky Bluegrass G + +
Poa sylvestris 4 N Woodland Bluegrass G +
Y/N Poa trivialis 0 I Rough Bluegrass G + + + +
Schedonorus arundinaceus I Tall Fescue G + Synonyms: Festuca elatior L. ssp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Hack. Y/N Schedonorus pratensis 0 I Meadow Fescue G + Synonyms: Festuca elatior Schizachyrium scoparium N Little Bluestem G +
Setaria faberi 0 I Japanese Bristlegrass G + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Setaria parviflora 3 N Marsh Bristlegrass G + Synonyms: Setaria geniculata Setaria pumila 0 I Yellow Bristlegrass G + +
Sorghastrum nutans 5 N Indiangrass G + +
Sphenopholis intermedia 4 N Slender Wedgescale G +
Tridens flavus 1 N Purpletop Tridens G + + +
Polygalaceae
Polygala sanguinea 5 N Purple Milkwort F + +
Polygala verticillata N Whorled Milkwort F +
Polygonaceae
Polygonum arifolium 5 N Halberdleaf Tearthumb V/F + + + + Synonyms: Persicaria arifolia Y/N Polygonum aviculare 0 I Prostrate Knotweed F + + +
Polygonum cespitosum N/I Oriental Lady's Thumb F + + + + + Synonyms: Persicaria longiseta NM Polygonum hydropiper 0 I Marshpepper Knotweed F + Synonyms: Persicaria hydropiper NM Polygonum lapathifolium 0 N Curlytop Knotweed F + +
Polygonum pensylvanicum 1 N Pennsylvania Smartweed F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Polygonum perfoliatum 0 I Asiatic Tearthumb F + + + Synonyms: Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross
Polygonum persicaria 0 I Spotted Ladysthumb F + + Synonyms: Persicaria maculosa Gray Polygonum punctatum N Dotted Smartweed F + + + + +
Polygonum sagittatum 4 N Arrowleaf Tearthumb V/F + + + +
Polygonum scandens N Climbing False Buckwheat V/F + + + + Synonyms: Fallopia scandens Polygonum virginianum 2 N Jumpseed F + + + + + +
NM Rumex acetosella 0 I Sheep Sorrel F + + + +
Y/N Rumex crispus 0 I Curly Dock F + + + +
Y/N Rumex obtusifolius 0 I Bitter Dock F + + +
Portulacaceae
NM Claytonia virginica 3 N Virginia Spring-beauty F + + +
Primulaceae
Anagallis arvensis 0 I Scarlet Pimpernel F +
Lysimachia ciliata 3 N Fringed Loosestrife F + + + +
Y/N Lysimachia nummularia 0 I Creeping Jenny F + + + +
Lysimachia quadrifolia 5 N Whorled Yellow Loosestrife F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form Pyrolaceae
Chimaphila maculata 4 N Striped Pipsissewa SS + + + +
Pyrola americana 6 N American Wintergreen SS + + + Synonyms: Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrola elliptica 6 N Waxflower Shinleaf SS + + +
Ranunculaceae
Actaea racemosa 5 N Black Baneberry, Black Cohosh F + + + + Synonyms: Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Anemone quinquefolia 5 N Wood Anemone F + + + +
Anemone virginiana 4 N Tall Thimbleweed F + +
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa 5 N Roundlobe Hepatica F + + + +
Hydrastis canadensis 6 N Goldenseal, Orangeroot F +
Ranunculus abortivus N Littleleaf Buttercup F + + + +
Ranunculus bulbosus 0 I Bulbous Buttercup F + + +
Y/N Ranunculus ficaria 0 I Fig Buttercup F + + +
Ranunculus hispidus 7 N Bristly Buttercup F + +
Ranunculus recurvatus 3 N Blisterwort F + + + +
Y/N Ranunculus sceleratus 1 N Cursed Buttercup F + +
Thalictrum pubescens 3 N King Of The Meadow F + + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Thalictrum thalictroides N Rue Anemone F + + + Synonyms: Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach. Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus americanus 7 N New Jersey Tea SS/S +
Rosaceae
Agrimonia gryposepala 4 N Tall Hairy Agrimony F + + +
Agrimonia parviflora 2 N Many-flowered Agrimony F + + + + +
Agrimonia pubescens 4 N Soft Agrimony F + + + +
Crataegus N Hawthorn T + + +
Crataegus crus-galli 4 N Cockspur Hawthorne S/T +
Crataegus phaenopyrum 9 N Washington Hawthorn S/T +
Duchesnea indica 0 I Indian Strawberry F + + + + + +
Fragaria virginiana 2 N Connon Strawberry F + + +
Geum canadense 1 N White Avens F + + + + +
Malus pumila 0 I Paradise Apple T + +
Potentilla canadensis 2 N Dwarf Cinquefoil F + + + + +
Potentilla norvegica N Rough Cinquefoil F +
Potentilla recta 0 I Sulphur Cinquefoil F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Potentilla simplex 2 N Common Cinquefoil F + +
Prunus avium 0 I Sweet Cherry T + + + + + +
Prunus serotina 1 N Common Black Cherry S/T + + + + + + +
Prunus subhirtella 0 I Weeping Cherry T + + +
Pyrus calleryana 0 I Callery Pear T +
Rhodotypos scandens 0 I Jetbead S + +
Rosa multiflora 0 I Multiflora Rose SS/V + + + + + +
Rubus allegheniensis 1 N Common Blackberry SS + + + + + + +
Rubus flagellaris N Northern Dewberry SS + + +
Rubus occidentalis 1 N Black Raspberry SS + + + + + +
Rubus odoratus 8 N Purpleflowering Raspberry SS
Rubus phoenicolasius 0 I Wine Rasberry SS + + + + + + +
Rubiaceae
Y/N Galium aparine 1 N Stickywilly V/F + + +
Galium asprellum 5 N Rough Bedstraw F + + + + +
Galium circaezans 5 N White Wild-licorice F/SS + + + +
Galium lanceolatum 6 N Yellow Wild-licorice F + + + +
Y/N Galium mollugo 0 I False Baby's Breath F + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Galium pilosum 5 N Hairy Bedstraw F +
Galium tinctorium 4 N Stiff Marsh Bedstraw F +
Galium triflorum 3 N Fragrant Bedstraw F/V + + + +
Houstonia caerulea 4 N Azure Bluet F + + Synonyms: Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. Mitchella repens 5 N Partridgeberry F/SS + + + +
Salicaceae
Populus deltoides 4 N Eastern Cottonwood T + +
Populus grandidentata 3 N Bigtooth Aspen T +
Salix nigra 2 N Black Willow T + + +
Sapindaceae
Koelreuteria paniculata 0 I Goldenrain Tree T
Saxifragaceae
Chrysosplenium americanum 7 N Golden Saxifrage F + +
Heuchera americana 3 N Alumroot F + + +
Saxifraga virginiensis 6 N Early Saxifrage F + + +
Scrophulariaceae
Chelone glabra 5 N White Turtlehead F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Y/N Linaria vulgaris 0 I Butter-and-eggs F + + + +
Mimulus ringens 5 N Allegheny Monkeyflower F + +
Paulownia tomentosa 0 I Princess-tree T + + + + +
Penstemon digitalis 0 N Foxglove Beardtongue F +
Scrophularia marilandica 1 N Maryland Figwort F/SS + +
Verbascum thapsus 0 I Common Mullein F + + + +
Veronica americana 5 N American Speedwell F + +
Veronica arvensis 0 I Corn Speedwell F + + + +
Veronica hederifolia 0 I Ivyleaf Speedwell F + + +
Y/N Veronica officinalis 1 N Common Gypsyweed F + + +
Veronica peregrina N Neckweed F +
Veronica persica 0 I Birdeye Speedwell F +
Veronicastrum virginicum 8 N Culver's Root F + +
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus altissima 0 I Ailanthus, Tree Of Heaven T + + + +
Smilacaceae
Smilax glauca 3 N Cat Greenbrier S/V + + + + +
Smilax herbacea 5 N Smooth Carrionflower V/F + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Smilax pulverulenta 5 N Downy Carrionflower V/F + +
Smilax rotundifolia 3 N Roundleaf Greenbrier S/V + + + + +
Solanaceae
Physalis heterophylla 2 N Clammy Groundcherry F + + + +
Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata 2 N Longleaf Groundcherry F + + + Synonyms: Physalis subglabrata Solanum carolinense 0 N Carolina Horsenettle F/SS + + + + + +
Y/N Solanum dulcamara I Climbing Nightshade F/SS + +
Y/N Solanum nigrum 0 N Common Nightshade F + +
Staphyleaceae
Staphylea trifolia 5 N American Bladdernut S/T + + + +
Tiliaceae
Tilia americana N Basswood T + + +
Typhaceae
Y/N Typha latifolia 1 N Broadleaf Cattail F + +
Ulmaceae
Celtis occidentalis 2 N Common Hackberry S/T + +
Ulmus pumila 0 I Siberian Elm S/T + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Ulmus rubra 4 N Slippery Elm T + + + + +
Urticaceae
Boehmeria cylindrica 3 N Smallspike False Nettle F + + + +
Laportea canadensis 4 N Canadian Woodnettle F + + +
Pilea fontana 8 N Lesser Clearweed F + +
Pilea pumila 1 N Canadian Clearweed F + + + + +
Verbenaceae
Phryma leptostachya N American Lopseed F + + + +
Verbena hastata 4 N Swamp Verbena F +
Verbena urticifolia N White Vervain F + + + +
Violaceae
Viola cucullata 6 N Marsh Blue Violet F + +
Viola labradorica N Alpine Violet F + + + Synonyms: Viola conspersa Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula 6 N Downy Yellow Violet F + + + + Synonyms: Viola pensylvanica Michx. Viola sororia N Common Blue Violet F + + + + +
Vitaceae
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 0 I Amur Peppervine V + + + H 1984 H 2004 Specimens in the Darlington Herbarium T 2007 E&H 2010 H&E 2007 O&O 2011 Coefficient of Conservation Origin O 1973 E&M 2012 Species Common Name Growth Form
Parthenocissus quinquefolia N Virginia Creeper V + + + + + + +
Vitis aestivalis 4 N Summer Grape V + + +
Vitis labrusca 4 N Fox Grape V + + + + +
Vitis vulpina 1 N Frost Grape V + + + Summary Data The checklist contains 597 species in 329 Genera and 107 Families.
Of the 597 species, 424 are native to the Lower 48 States; 159 are introduced; 12 are species that are native in some states and introduced in others; and 2 are species who's 'origin' is not known (because they have only been identified to genus, and both native and introduced representatives of that genus are present in Pennsylvania).
Literature Incorporated in the Species List Ebert, J. and J. Holt. 2010. Botanical Survey of East Bradford Township: Including Identification of Exceptional Natural Areas and Rare Plant Species Sites. Fieldwork Conducted 2009. Report Prepared June, 2010. 33 pp.
Ebert J. and K. McMillin. 2012. Annual Vegetation Survey of the Overlease Plots, Gordon Natural Area, West Chester University of Pennsylvania. Unpublished data.
Hertel, G. D. 2008. Checklist of the Flora of the Robert B. Gordon Natural Area (3/6/2008).http://www.gordonarea.org/pdf/plantlist.pdf. The 1984 vegetation survey was conducted by Jack Holt; the 2004 vegetation survey was conducted by Janet Ebert and Jack Holt. Date accessed: 10/15/2015.
Holt, J. and J. Ebert. 2007. Plant survey of the Gordon Natural Area, south campus, West Chester University of Pennsylvania. Unpublished report 16 pp.
Overlease, W. 1973. The structure of selected deciduous forest in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences 47: 181-197.
Overlease, W. and E. Overlease. 2011. Long-term observations of plant succession on an abandoned cornfield in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania (1967-2000). Bartonia 65: 97-104.
Turner, G. D., R. J. van Meter, and G. D. Hertel. 2007. Changes in forest understory composition from 1970 to 2003 at the Gordon Natural Area, an urban preserve in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 81(1): 8-13.
Note: The species list was augmented by species observations from fieldwork in 2016.
Allelopathy Data Compiled From Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala (eds). 1990. Silvics of North America: 2, Hardwoods. Agricultural Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 877 pp.
Cipollini, K. A. and W. N. Flint. 2013. Comparing allelopathic effects of root and leaf extracts of invasive Alliaria petiolata, Lonicera maackii and Ranunculus ficaria on germination of three native woodland plants. Ohio Journal of Science 112: 37–43.
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 2000. Natural Growth Inhibitors (Allelopathy): A Literature Review. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, and Empire State Electric Energy Research Co. EPRI Project Manager: J. Goodrich-Mahoney. 141 pp.
Fujii, Y. and S. Hiradate (eds). 2007. Allelopathy: New Concepts & Methodology. Papers Presented at the Thrid World Congress on Allelopathy, held in Tsukuba, Japan 2002. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH. 382 pp.
Horsley, S. 1977. Allelopathic inhibition of black cherry by fern, grass, goldenrod, and aster. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 7(2): 205-215.
Pisula, N. L. and S. J. Meiners. 2010. Relative allelopathic potential of invasive plant species in a young disturbed woodland. The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 137: 81-87.
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Spring Ephemeral Data Compiled From About.com - http://gardening.about.com/od/wildflowergardens/ss/Growing-Spring-Flowering-Ephemerals.htm#step3. Date accessed: 1/3/2016.
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Thompson, J. M. 1980. Treefalls and colonization patterns of temperate forest herbs The American Midland Naturalist 104(1): 176-184. 'Wintergreen Flora' Data Compiled From Beatley, J. C. 1956. The winter-green herbaceous flowering plants of Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science 56(6): 349-377.
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Metadata This document was generated from the GNA Plantlist database (created and data compiled by Nur Ritter, Stewardship Manager, Gordon Natural Area).
Recommended Citation: Ritter, N. 2016. Annotated checklist of the vascular plant species observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) 1973-2016. Version X. 52 pp. Database queried and document created: 7/5/2016.