DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolution of Male and Female Reproductive Traits in Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Terrestrial Gastropods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evolution of Male and Female Reproductive Traits in Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Terrestrial Gastropods THE EVOLUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SIMULTANEOUSLY HERMAPHRODITIC TERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Kathleen Beese aus Friedrichroda, Deutschland Basel, 2007 Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Bruno Baur PD Dr. Andreas Erhardt Basel, den 13.02.2007 Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Hauri Dekan 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY..............................................................................................................................................................9 GENERAL INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................11 SEXUAL SELECTION AND SEXUAL CONFLICT......................................................................................................11 POSTMATING CONFLICT IN HERMAPHRODITES...................................................................................................12 REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGIES IN STYLOMMATOPHORAN GASTROPODS........................................................13 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS .....................................................................................................................................14 CHAPTER I – EVOLUTION OF FEMALE SPERM STORAGE ORGANS IN THE CARREFOUR OF STYLOMMATOPHORAN GASTROPODS .............................................................................................17 ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................................17 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................18 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................21 Sampling and carrefour complexity .............................................................................................................21 Reproductive characters ...............................................................................................................................21 Life history and habitat specificity ...............................................................................................................22 Carrefour length and sperm length ..............................................................................................................23 Molecular data and phylogenetic analyses..................................................................................................24 Ancestral character states and character association.................................................................................25 RESULTS..............................................................................................................................................................28 Phylogeny ......................................................................................................................................................29 Carrefour complexity and spermatheca evolution.......................................................................................28 Carrefour associations with reproductive characters .................................................................................30 Associations with life history and habitat specificity...................................................................................30 Variation in carrefour length and sperm length ..........................................................................................31 DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................................................................33 Reproductive characters and postcopulatory sexual selection ...................................................................34 Influence of life history and habitat specificity............................................................................................36 Carrefour size and sperm length evolution..................................................................................................36 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................38 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................38 APPENDIX............................................................................................................................................................39 CHAPTER II – COEVOLUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN A SIMULTANEOUSLY HERMAPHRODITIC LAND SNAIL........................................................................43 ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................................43 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................44 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................ 46 Study organism.............................................................................................................................................. 46 General methods ........................................................................................................................................... 47 Reproductive traits........................................................................................................................................ 48 Image proceeding and statistical analyses................................................................................................... 50 RESULTS.............................................................................................................................................................. 50 Intraspecific variation in reproductive traits............................................................................................... 50 Allometric relationships................................................................................................................................ 51 Reproductive character associations ........................................................................................................... 52 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 53 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER III – EXPANDABLE SPERMATHECA INFLUENCES SPERM STORAGE IN THE SIMULTANEOUSLY HERMAPHRODITIC LAND SNAIL ARIANTA ARBUSTORUM........................ 57 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................................... 57 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 58 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................ 60 RESULTS.............................................................................................................................................................. 63 Spermatheca size in relation to sperm storage ............................................................................................ 63 Spermatophore volume and sperm number.................................................................................................. 65 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 66 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER IV – BURSA TRACT DIVERTICULUM IN THE HERMAPHRODITIC LAND SNAIL ARIANTA ARBUSTORUM (STYLOMMATOPHORA: HELICIDAE): MORPHOLOGY, FUNCTION, AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS.............................................................................. 71 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................................... 71 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 72 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................................................................ 74 Animals .......................................................................................................................................................... 74 Histology and morphometry ........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gastropods Alien to South Africa Cause Severe Environmental Harm in Their Global Alien Ranges Across Habitats
    Received: 18 December 2017 | Revised: 4 May 2018 | Accepted: 27 June 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4385 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats David Kesner1 | Sabrina Kumschick1,2 1Department of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Abstract Matieland, South Africa Alien gastropods have caused extensive harm to biodiversity and socioeconomic sys- 2 Invasive Species Programme, South African tems like agriculture and horticulture worldwide. For conservation and management National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, purposes, information on impacts needs to be easily interpretable and comparable, South Africa and the factors that determine impacts understood. This study aimed to assess gas- Correspondence tropods alien to South Africa to compare impact severity between species and under- Sabrina Kumschick, Centre for Invasion stand how they vary between habitats and mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, relationship between environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and both impact South Africa. measures with life- history traits. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Email: [email protected] Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio- Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) Funding information to assess impacts of 34 gastropods alien to South Africa including evidence of impact South African National Department of Environmental Affairs; National Research from their entire alien range. We tested for correlations between environmental and Foundation; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence socioeconomic impacts per species, and with fecundity and native latitude range for Invasion Biology; South African National Biodiversity Institute using Kendall’s tau tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Miocene Continental Gastropods from the Southern Margin of the Swabian Alb (Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany)
    N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 287/1 (2018), 17–44 Article E Stuttgart, January 2018 Miocene continental gastropods from the southern margin of the Swabian Alb (Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany) Olaf Höltke, Rodrigo B. Salvador, and Michael W. Rasser With 6 figures Abstract: The Middle Miocene silvana-beds outcropping at the southern margin of the Swabian Alb bear a wide array of terrestrial and freshwater gastropods. Especially in the surroundings of the Emerberg and Tautschbuch hills, there are records of several collection sites. In the present work, we investigated material from the historical localities from these two regions, housed in museum collec- tions, in order to provide an updated check list, synthesizing the knowledge of the region in the hopes to spur renewed interest. In total, we report 14 freshwater and 50 land snail species from the area, but not all species reported in the literature could be confirmed. Key words: Baden-Württemberg, European Land Mammal Zone MN 5, Langhian, silvana- beds, Upper Freshwater Molasse. 1. Introduction (1923-1930). Therefore, in the absence of more driven excavations for the moment, here we investigated ma- The southern margin of the Swabian Alb, especially terial from several historical localities from these two the Emerberg and Tautschbuch hills, bears a consider- regions, housed in museum collections. Our goal is to able number of continental Miocene deposits (Fig. 1). provide an updated check list of species and localities, These are built up by the silvana-beds, a lithostrati- thus synthesizing the knowledge of the region in the graphic unit of the Miocene Upper Freshwater Molasse hopes to spur renewed interest and collection efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Eobania Vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Helicidae) in Romania
    Folia Malacol. 29(1): 51–53 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.003 SHORT COMMUNICATION FIRST RECORD OF EOBANIA VERMICULATA (O. F. MÜLLER, 1774) (GASTROPODA: EUPULMONATA: HELICIDAE) IN ROMANIA STELIAN GRIGORE Museum of Human Evolution and Technology in Paleolithic, Princely Court National Museum Targoviste, Romania (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-3634 ABSTRACT: Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller) is recorded for the first time in Romania. Other Mediterranean and Balkan species have entered the south of Romania – Dobrogea, or will do so in the near future. We expect the rest of Romania to be invaded, because the Danube is not an insurmountable barrier for some of these species. KEY WORDS: Eobania vermiculata; alien species; land snail; anthropochory A northward expansion of some terrestrial gas- tions for the invasion of Balkan and Mediterranean tropod species has been observed for the last two species. The climate and calcareous substrate of the decades; the spread has been accelerated by the coastal area in south-eastern Dobrogea favour accli- intensification of trade, tourism development and matisation of the new arrivals. cross-border freight transport. Among the regions of As early as four decades ago, Alexandru V. Grossu Romania, Dobrogea has the most favourable condi- anticipated the occurrence of this phenomenon in the Fig. 1. Map of Romania with the locality in Costinești 52 Stelian Grigore Fig. 2. Mature individuals of Eobania vermiculata in Costinești Fig. 3. The largest shell of Eobania vermiculata from Costinești near future (GROSSU 1983). In the last two decades, of perennials (Cichorium intybus, Convolvulus arvensis, there has been an expansion of the Mediterranean Echium vulgare, Elymus repens, Crupina vulgaris, Phleum species both in the east and in the northwest of their pratense, Malva pusilla, Teucrium polium, Juncus mariti­ original range (MIENIS 2002, UESHIMA et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A St. Lawrence Iroquoian Village
    STEWART: MCKEOWN SITE 17 Faunal Findings from Three Longhouses of the McKeown Site (BeFv-1), A St. Lawrence Iroquoian Village. Frances L. Stewart The 4,536 faunal specimens excavated from three sub-samples from the individual houses were kept houses of the McKeown Site, a St. Lawrence separate to allow a comparison of animal usage Iroquoian village near Maynard, Ontario were between the houses. Related to this was the testing of studied to determine the subsistence pattern of the the hypothesis that foodstuffs might have varied over people living there around 1500 A.D. time. Unusual occurrences in the material were noted From the remains from seven classes of animals, and explanations were offered for the faunal findings, the seasonal exploitation pattern of the villagers was with comparisons to other Iroquoian sites. reconstructed. Of significance to faunal analyses in This paper begins with brief descriptions of the general was the variation in the faunal refuse among techniques of excavation, the site and its the three houses. Of specific interest to Iroquoian environment, and the methods of faunal analysis. studies was the scarcity of dog remains and the After the presentation of the faunal data the results relatively high number of black bear elements. are discussed. The faunal details are ordered from most to least frequently identified remains. The paper ends with a few concluding remarks. Introduction Excavation of exploratory trenches revealed the village's palisades and associated ditches and The McKeown Site (BeFv-1), located on Lot 11, removal of the plough zone with bulldozers and Concession 2, Augusta Township, Grenville County, shovels uncovered twenty-three longhouses.
    [Show full text]
  • ASSESSMENT of COASTAL WATER RESOURCES and WATERSHED CONDITIONS at CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA Dr. Diana L. Engle
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2006/354 Water Resources Division Natural Resource Program Centerent of the Interior ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED CONDITIONS AT CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA Dr. Diana L. Engle The National Park Service Water Resources Division is responsible for providing water resources management policy and guidelines, planning, technical assistance, training, and operational support to units of the National Park System. Program areas include water rights, water resources planning, marine resource management, regulatory guidance and review, hydrology, water quality, watershed management, watershed studies, and aquatic ecology. Technical Reports The National Park Service disseminates the results of biological, physical, and social research through the Natural Resources Technical Report Series. Natural resources inventories and monitoring activities, scientific literature reviews, bibliographies, and proceedings of technical workshops and conferences are also disseminated through this series. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Copies of this report are available from the following: National Park Service (970) 225-3500 Water Resources Division 1201 Oak Ridge Drive, Suite 250 Fort Collins, CO 80525 National Park Service (303) 969-2130 Technical Information Center Denver Service Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225-0287 Cover photos: Top Left: Santa Cruz, Kristen Keteles Top Right: Brown Pelican, NPS photo Bottom Left: Red Abalone, NPS photo Bottom Left: Santa Rosa, Kristen Keteles Bottom Middle: Anacapa, Kristen Keteles Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Channel Islands National Park, California Dr. Diana L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
    POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup­ plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaco Le Journal Électronique De La Malacologie Continentale Française
    MalaCo Le journal électronique de la malacologie continentale française www.journal-malaco.fr MalaCo (ISSN 1778-3941) est un journal électronique gratuit, annuel ou bisannuel pour la promotion et la connaissance des mollusques continentaux de la faune de France. Equipe éditoriale Jean-Michel BICHAIN / Paris / [email protected] Xavier CUCHERAT / Audinghen / [email protected] Benoît FONTAINE / Paris / [email protected] Olivier GARGOMINY / Paris / [email protected] Vincent PRIE / Montpellier / [email protected] Les manuscrits sont à envoyer à : Journal MalaCo Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Equipe de Malacologie Case Postale 051 55, rue Buffon 75005 Paris Ou par Email à [email protected] MalaCo est téléchargeable gratuitement sur le site : http://www.journal-malaco.fr MalaCo (ISSN 1778-3941) est une publication de l’association Caracol Association Caracol Route de Lodève 34700 Saint-Etienne-de-Gourgas JO Association n° 0034 DE 2003 Déclaration en date du 17 juillet 2003 sous le n° 2569 Journal électronique de la malacologie continentale française MalaCo Septembre 2006 ▪ numéro 3 Au total, 119 espèces et sous-espèces de mollusques, dont quatre strictement endémiques, sont recensées dans les différents habitats du Parc naturel du Mercantour (photos Olivier Gargominy, se reporter aux figures 5, 10 et 17 de l’article d’O. Gargominy & Th. Ripken). Sommaire Page 100 Éditorial Page 101 Actualités Page 102 Librairie Page 103 Brèves & News ▪ Endémisme et extinctions : systématique des Endodontidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata) de Rurutu (Iles Australes, Polynésie française) Gabrielle ZIMMERMANN ▪ The first annual meeting of Task-Force-Limax, Bünder Naturmuseum, Chur, Switzerland, 8-10 September, 2006: presentation, outcomes and abstracts Isabel HYMAN ▪ Collecting and transporting living slugs (Pulmonata: Limacidae) Isabel HYMAN ▪ A List of type specimens of land and freshwater molluscs from France present in the national molluscs collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Henk K.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Meghimatium Species from Vietnam (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Philomycidae)
    MALAKOLÓGIAI TÁJÉKOZTATÓ MALACOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 2011 29: 51–54 A new Meghimatium species from Vietnam (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Philomycidae) A. Varga Abstract: The author describes a new species of Philomycidae, from the rain forest of Northern Vietnam. Keywords: Gastropoda, Pulmonata, terrestrial slugs, Philomycidae, taxonomy, Vietnam. Introduction Coloration of live Meghimatium species is diverse and attractive (Schilthuizen, M. & Liew, T. S. 2008). The colour of alcohol-preserved specimens, however, fades and changes within a short period of time. Early authors have described numerous species of the genus found in Asia. These descriptions were based only on external characteristics, especially the coloration of pre- served slugs, leaving the examination of genitalia out of consideration (Collinge, 1901, 1903; Cockerell, 1890; Simroth, 1902). It was Hoffmann (1924) who critically revised and syn- onymized many of the described species.. Wiktor et al. (2000) followed the same principles. Meghimatium lucyenensis n. sp. (figs. 1–5) Material: Vietnam, Yên Bái Province, Luc Yen (Lu. c Yên) (Map. 1), fringe of the rain for- est next to a stream, from underneath stones, 05 December, 1971., leg. István Matskási & Map 1. Locality of Meghimatium lucyenensis n. sp. in Vietnam 51 György Topál. Holotype HNHM 92601/1, Paratype HNHM 92602/1 (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest). Diagnosis: – Animal small-sized, genital system with large atrium, short and thick penis, short and thin vas deferens, short and thick-set vagina. Description (alcohol-preserved) (figs 1–2): The sexually mature slug is very small: the length of the preserved specimens are 23 (HT) and 22 (PT) mm. The colour of the body of the alcohol-preserved specimens is creamy.
    [Show full text]
  • A “Love” Dart Allohormone Identified in the Mucous Glands of Hermaphroditic Land Snails
    crossmark THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 291, NO. 15, pp. 7938–7950, April 8, 2016 © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A. A “Love” Dart Allohormone Identified in the Mucous Glands of Hermaphroditic Land Snails*□S Received for publication, November 22, 2015, and in revised form, January 14, 2016 Published, JBC Papers in Press, January 27, 2016, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M115.704395 Michael J. Stewart‡, Tianfang Wang‡, Joris M. Koene§, Kenneth B. Storey¶, and Scott F. Cummins‡1 From the ‡Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia , the §Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and the ¶Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada Animals have evolved many ways to enhance their own repro- tion, at the level of the sperm, and this process seems to have ductive success. One bizarre sexual ritual is the “love” dart become an especially important evolutionary driving force shooting of helicid snails, which has courted many theories among a group of species with a different reproductive strategy: regarding its precise function. Acting as a hypodermic needle, simultaneous hermaphrodites that do not self-fertilize (4–6). the dart transfers an allohormone that increases paternity suc- Helicid land snail copulation lasts 2–6 h and includes the Downloaded from cess. Its precise physiological mechanism of action within the unique use of calcareous (calcium carbonate) “love” darts that recipient snail is to close off the entrance to the sperm digestion are pierced through the body wall of the mating partner during organ via a contraction of the copulatory canal, thereby delaying courtship (7–10).
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Assessment of Intense Sport Climbing on Limestone Cliffs
    1 1 This manuscript is contextually identical with the following published paper: 2 Bruno Baur, Anette Baur, Denes Schmera (2017) Impact assessment of intense sport 3 climbing on limestone cliffs: esponse of rock-dwelling land snails. Ecological 4 Indicators 72 (2017) 260-267. 5 The original published PDF available in this website: 6 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X16303958?via%3Dihub 7 8 Impact assessment of intense sport climbing on limestone cliffs: 9 response of rock-dwelling land snails 10 11 Bruno Baura, Anette Baura, Denes Schmeraa,b,* 12 13 a Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of 14 Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056 Basel, Switzerland 15 b MTA, Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg 16 Kuno 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary 17 18 * Corresponding author at: MTA, Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological 19 Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary, Tel.: +36 87 448244 / 132, fax +36 20 87 448006 21 22 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (B. Baur), [email protected] (A. Baur), 23 [email protected] (D. Schmera) 24 2 25 ABSTRACT 26 Exposed limestone cliffs in the Swiss Jura Mountains harbour a diverse gastropod community 27 with some rare species. Sport climbing has recently increased in popularity on these cliffs. We 28 examined the effects of sport climbing and microtopographical features of rock faces on 29 terrestrial gastropods by assessing species diversity and abundance on climbing routes and in 30 unclimbed areas of seven isolated cliffs in the Northern Swiss Jura Mountains. We considered 31 exclusively living individuals resting attached to rock faces.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L
    EENY-494 Terrestrial Slugs of Florida (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)1 John L. Capinera2 Introduction Florida has only a few terrestrial slug species that are native (indigenous), but some non-native (nonindigenous) species have successfully established here. Many interceptions of slugs are made by quarantine inspectors (Robinson 1999), including species not yet found in the United States or restricted to areas of North America other than Florida. In addition to the many potential invasive slugs originating in temperate climates such as Europe, the traditional source of invasive molluscs for the US, Florida is also quite susceptible to invasion by slugs from warmer climates. Indeed, most of the invaders that have established here are warm-weather or tropical species. Following is a discus- sion of the situation in Florida, including problems with Figure 1. Lateral view of slug showing the breathing pore (pneumostome) open. When closed, the pore can be difficult to locate. slug identification and taxonomy, as well as the behavior, Note that there are two pairs of tentacles, with the larger, upper pair ecology, and management of slugs. bearing visual organs. Credits: Lyle J. Buss, UF/IFAS Biology as nocturnal activity and dwelling mostly in sheltered Slugs are snails without a visible shell (some have an environments. Slugs also reduce water loss by opening their internal shell and a few have a greatly reduced external breathing pore (pneumostome) only periodically instead of shell). The slug life-form (with a reduced or invisible shell) having it open continuously. Slugs produce mucus (slime), has evolved a number of times in different snail families, which allows them to adhere to the substrate and provides but this shell-free body form has imparted similar behavior some protection against abrasion, but some mucus also and physiology in all species of slugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaco 04 Full Issue 2007.Pdf
    MalaCo Le journal électronique de la malacologie continentale française www.journal-malaco.fr MalaCo (ISSN 1778-3941) est un journal électronique gratuit, annuel ou bisannuel pour la promotion et la connaissance des mollusques continentaux de la faune de France. Equipe éditoriale Jean-Michel BICHAIN / Paris / [email protected] Xavier CUCHERAT / Audinghen / [email protected] (Editeur en chef du numéro 4) Benoît FONTAINE / Paris / [email protected] Olivier GARGOMINY / Paris / [email protected] Vincent PRIE / Montpellier / [email protected] Collaborateurs de ce numéro Gilbert COCHET Robert COWIE Sylvain DEMUYNCK Daniel PAVON Sylvain VRIGNAUD Pour soumettre un article à MalaCo : 1ère étape – Le premier auteur veillera à ce que le manuscrit soit conforme aux recommandations aux auteurs (en fin de ce numéro ou consultez le site www.journal-malaco.fr). Dans le cas contraire, la rédaction peut se réserver le droit de refuser l’article. 2ème étape – Joindre une lettre à l’éditeur, en document texte, en suivant le modèle suivant : "Veuillez trouvez en pièce jointe l’article rédigé par << mettre les noms et prénoms de tous les auteurs>> et intitulé : << mettre le titre en français et en anglais >> (avec X pages, X figures et X tableaux). Les auteurs cèdent au journal MalaCo (ISSN1778-3941) le droit de publication de ce manuscrit et ils garantissent que l’article est original, qu’il n’a pas été soumis pour publication à un autre journal, n’a pas été publié auparavant et que tous sont en accord avec le contenu." 3ème étape – Envoyez par voie électronique le manuscrit complet (texte et figures) en format .doc et la lettre à l’éditeur à : [email protected].
    [Show full text]