Elizabeth Maconchy Auf Und Zog Mit 16 Jahren Zum Kompositionsstudium Ehename: Elizabeth Maconchy Le Fanu Nach London

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Elizabeth Maconchy Auf Und Zog Mit 16 Jahren Zum Kompositionsstudium Ehename: Elizabeth Maconchy Le Fanu Nach London Maconchy, Elizabeth Elizabeth Maconchy auf und zog mit 16 Jahren zum Kompositionsstudium Ehename: Elizabeth Maconchy Le Fanu nach London. Dort tat sie die ersten Schritte ihrer vielver- sprechenden Karriere, bis sie sich 1932 aus gesundheitli- * 19. März 1907 in Broxbourne, chen Gründen nach Südengland aufs Land zurückziehen † 11. November 1994 in Norwich, musste. Sie zog nie wieder nach London zurück, wenng- leich sie ihr späteres Leben nahe der Hauptstadt, in der Komponistin Grafschaft Essex, verbrachte. Während des Zweiten Welt- krieges wurde sie zwischenzeitlich mit ihrer Familie in „Writing music, like all creative art, is the impassioned die Grafschaft Shropshire im Norden Englands evaku- pursuit of an idea. […] The great thing is for the compo- iert. ser to keep his head and allow nothing to distract him. Biografie The temptations to stop by the way and to be side-tra- cked by felicities of sound and colour are ever present, Elizabeth Maconchy wurde als mittlere von drei Töch- but in my view […] everything extraneous to the pursuit tern der irisch-stämmigen Eltern Violet und Gerald Ma- of this central idea must be rigorously excluded – scrap- conchy in England geboren, verbrachte jedoch den größ- ped.“ ten Teil ihrer Kindheit in der Nähe von Dublin, woher ih- re Familie stammte. Sie begann bereits mit sechs Jahren („Komponieren ist, wie jede kreative Kunst, die leiden- zu komponieren und erhielt Musikunterricht in Dublin. schaftliche Verfolgung einer Idee. […] Die große Heraus- Nach dem Tod ihres Vaters im Jahr 1922 zog ihre Mutter forderung ist, dass der Komponist seine Gedanken bei- mit Elizabeth nach London, um ihrer Tochter auf Emp- sammenhält und sich keine Ablenkung gestattet. Die Ver- fehlung ihrer Musiklehrer das Studium am Royal College suchung ist allgegenwärtig, sich vom Glücksgefühl des of Music zu ermöglichen. Im Alter von 16 Jahren schrieb Klanges und der Farbe vom Weg abbringen zu lassen, sich Maconchy dort ein und studierte zwischen 1923 und aber meiner Ansicht nach […] muss alles, was nicht der 1929 Komposition unter Charles Wood (1866-1926) und Verfolgung dieser einen zentralen Idee dient, rigoros aus- dem bekannten englischen Komponisten Ralph Vaughan geschlossen– ja verworfen werden.”) Williams (1872-1958). Beide Lehrer, ebenso wie ihre KommilitonInnen und die Leitung des College, ermutig- Elizabeth Maconchy, „String Quartet No. 6“, unveröffent- ten sie, eine Karriere als Komponistin anzustreben; vor lichte Rede, 3. Februar 1952, zitiert nach Jenny Doctor. allem Vaughan Williams hatte prägenden Einfluss auf „The Texture of Silence“. In: Silence, Music, Silent Mu- die junge Komponistin: „He didn’t do conventional tea- sic. Nicky Losseff, Jennifer Doctor (Hg). Aldershot: Ash- ching at all. He rather inspired one to write. Like all his gate, 2007. S. 15-36. S. 22. pupils I copied his style because it was a very catchy style founded on English Folksong, but, after about six Profil months, partly as a result of discovering Bartók’s music Elizabeth Maconchy war die begabteste und erfolgreichs- which was a great influence on me, I was able to snap out te Komponistin einer Gruppe von Kompositionsstuden- of it and I think I can say I then found my own voice.“ tinnen in den späten 1920er Jahren am Londoner Royal („Er lehrte überhaupt nicht konventionell. Vielmehr in- College of Music (Elisabeth Lutyens, Grace Williams, Do- spirierte er einen zu schreiben. Wie alle seine SchülerIn- rothy Gow, Imogen Holst, Ina Boyle). Nach einem viel- nen kopierte ich seinen Stil, weil dieser in seiner Verwur- versprechenden internationalen Karrierebeginn im Jahr zelung in [englischen] ‚folk songs‘ sehr eingängig war, 1930, der von ihrer Infektion mit Tuberkulose überschat- aber nach sechs Monaten, auch weil ich Bartóks Musik tet wurde, entwickelte sich Maconchy nach dem Zweiten als großen Einfluss auf mich entdeckt hatte, zog ich dar- Weltkrieg zu einer/m der bedeutendsten Kompo- unter einen Schlussstrich, und ich glaube, ich kann sa- nist/inn/en ihrer Generation. Heute wird sie vor allem gen, dass ich dann meine eigene Stimme fand.“ Heslop für ihre Reihe von 13 Streichquartetten gewürdigt. 1987, S. 23). Orte und Länder Zu ihren engsten Freunden zählten in diesen Jahren die Geboren in Hertfordshire in England wuchs Elizabeth ebenfalls am Royal College of Music studierenden Kom- Maconchy in der heutigen Republik Irland nahe Dublin ponistinnen Grace Williams, Dorothy Gow und Ina Boy- – 1 – Maconchy, Elizabeth le, sowie die Violinistin Anne Macnaghten. Maconchy zulassen, aber sie verließ London zur Genesung und leb- entdeckte neben der Musik Bártoks auch Debussy und te schließlich zunächst in Brighton und dann in der Graf- Ravel für sich. Zur Legende aus ihrer Studentenzeit avan- schaft Kent. Sie komponierte jedoch weiterhin und konn- cierte der Kommentar des Direktors des Royal College of te trotz ihrer Abwesenheit vom Londoner Konzertleben Music, Hugh Allen, der, nachdem Maconchy nicht mit steigende Aufführungszahlen ihrer Werke in Großbritan- dem renommiertesten Kompositionspreis des College nien sowie in den folgenden Jahren im Rest Europas so- (dem Mendelssohn Prize) ausgezeichnet worden war, be- wie den USA und Australien verzeichnen. merkte: „Well, there’s not much point in giving it to you really since you will only get married and never write ano- Wegen des drohenden Beginns des Zweiten Weltkrieges ther note!“ („Es hätte nicht viel Sinn gehabt, Ihnen den zog Maconchy zur Geburt ihrer ersten Tochter im Jahr Preis zu geben, denn Sie werden ja bloß heiraten und nie 1939 kurzzeitig nach Dublin, kehrte jedoch im Frühjahr wieder eine einzige Note schreiben.“ Heslop 1987, S. 23 1940 nach Kent zurück. Sie wurde von dort mit ihrem und Maconchy 1971/72, S. 25). Mann und Elizabeth Anna 1941 nach Shropshire im Nordwesten Englands evakuiert (William LeFanu war In ihrem letzten Jahr als Studentin am Royal College of der verantwortliche Angestellte für die Bibliothek des Music erhielt sie das Octavia Travelling Scholarship, mit Royal College of Surgeons, die zur Sicherheit nach Lud- dessen Hilfe sie nach Wien, Paris und schließlich Prag low in Shropshire gebracht wurde). Die Entfernung von reiste, um dort bei Karel Jirák zu studieren. Im Frühjahr Freunden und Verwandten sowie die Not forderten ihren 1930 brachte Erwin Schulhoff unter dem Dirigat von physischen und seelischen Tribut. Maconchy schrieb Jirák ihr Klavierkonzert unter großem Interesse der Öff- zwar weiterhin Musik, konnte jedoch den wenigen Auf- entlichkeit in Prag zur Uraufführung; Maconchy war hier- führungen ihrer Werke nicht beiwohnen. für nach Prag gereist. Zurück in London heiratete sie im August 1930 den irisch-stämmigen Bibliothekar William Es gelang ihr nach dem Krieg, ihrer Karriere neuen LeFanu, mit dem sie zwei Töchter hatte (Elizabeth Anna Schwung zu verleihen, wenngleich sie nach wie vor meist LeFanu, geboren 1939, und die Komponistin Nicola LeFa- nicht für konkrete Aufträge komponierte und damit nur nu, geboren 1947). Eine Woche nach ihrer Hochzeit ge- selten über eine einzige Aufführung ihrer Stücke hinaus- langte ihre Suite „The Land“ (nach einem Gedicht von Vi- gelangte. Die Familie zog nach Wickham Bishops in Ess- ta Sackville West) in einem Konzert der „Promenade Con- ex, von wo aus London für Maconchy leicht zu erreichen certs“ (der sogenannten „Proms“) in London zur Urauf- war. 1947 wurde ihr Concertino für Klarinette und Strei- führung. Dies war ein entscheidender Durchbruch in den chorchester auf dem ISCM Festival in Kopenhagen urauf- Augen der Kritiker, dem allerdings lediglich die Veröff- geführt, und 1949 erhielt Maconchy den Edwin Evans entlichung von dreien ihrer Lieder im November folgte. Preis für ihr Streichquartett Nr. 5 – beide Ereignisse An- Kompositionsaufträge oder Wiederholungen von „The zeichen für ein Comeback der Komponistin. 1952/53 er- Land“ blieben dagegen aus. hielt ihr Orchesterstück „Proud Thames“ den London Co- unty Council Preis für die Komposition eines Werkes für Es war vor allem ihre Kammermusik, die in der Folge re- die Krönung von Elizabeth II. Die Entstehung zahlrei- gelmäßig in öffentlichen Konzerten in London gespielt cher Werke verschiedener Gattungen sollte jedoch nicht wurde (vor allem in den Londoner MacNaghten-Lemare darüber hinwegtäuschen dass Maconchy in den Nachk- Konzerten) und die auch bei internationalen ISCM Festi- riegsjahren wie die meisten Komponistinnen an mehre- vals (etwa ihr „Prelude, Interlude and Fugue“ auf dem ren Fronten zu kämpfen hatte. Neben der Kindererzie- Festival 1935 in Prag und das zweite Streichquartett in hung, dem Anstehen für Lebensmittel und der Hausar- Paris 1937) und im Rest Europas (in Krakau und War- beit blieb nicht viel Zeit für die Komposition. Ein Erfolgs- schau stand 1939 ebenfalls Kammermusik von Macon- erlebnis dürfte die Übertragung ihrer bis dato sechs St- chy auf dem Programm) Beachtung fand. Dem gesellten reichquartette in einer Radioserie des Dritten Program- sich etliche Radioübertragungen der BBC zu. mes der BBC im Frühjahr 1955 gewesen sein. 1932 kam Maconchys Karriere durch ihre Infektion mit Weitere Meilensteine der Nachkriegsjahre waren die Tuberkulose zu einem kurzfristigen Stillstand. Zwar folg- Komposition der drei Kammeropern The Sofa (1957/58), te sie nicht dem Rat der Ärzte, sich in der Schweiz nieder- The Three Strangers (1958) und The Departure – 2 – Maconchy, Elizabeth (1960/61). Die Opern bedeuteten für Maconchy stilisti- in der Annahme zeigte, dass Musik, vor allem Kammer- sch sowie in den Augen der Öffentlichkeit eine neue Stu- musik, ein
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