Zootaxa, Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Zootaxa, Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae) Zootaxa 1122: 1–23 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1122 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Five new species of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae) DENIS V. TUMANOV Laboratory of Freshwater and Experimental Hydrobiology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract An illustrated description of five new tardigrade species belonging to genus Milnesium is given. The new species differ from all known species of this genus mainly by the proportions of the claws and bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. A new key to the determination of recent species of the genus Milnesium is presented. Key words: Tardigrada, Milnesium antarcticum sp. nov., Milnesium almatyense sp. nov., Milnesium asiaticum sp. nov., Milnesium reductum sp. nov., Milnesium longiungue sp. nov., Antarctica, Himalaya, Tien-Shan Introduction For a long time the genus Milnesium was considered as monotypic with a single valid cosmopolitan species Milnesium tardigradum Doyére, 1840. Later some new characters (proportions of claws and buccal tube, claw structure, cuticular sculpture) were taken into consideration (Maucci 1988(1991), Binda & Pilato 1990, Pilato & Binda 1991, Pilato et al. 2002) and it led to the description of several new species. Today the genus Milnesium consists of 7 recent species, 2 recent subspecies and one extinct species. Among them, only Milnesium tardigradum is widely distributed (traditionally considered to be cosmopolitan, but now reports of this species should be revised) while other species are known from restricted areas (Milnesium brachyungue Binda & Pilato, 1990—Chile, M. eurystomum Maucci, 1988(1991)—Greenland, M. dujiangensis Yang, 2003—China, M. katarzynae Kaczmarek, Michalczyk & Beasley, 2004—China, M. reticulatum Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2002—Seychelles, M. tetralamellatum Pilato & Binda, 1991—Tanzania and Seychelles). The single extinct species Milnesium swolenskyi Bertolani & Grimaldi, 2000 is known from Cretaceous amber. During my work with tardigrada material from different Accepted by C. Beasley: 16 Dec. 2005; published: 2 Feb. 2006 1.
Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to Phylum Tardigrada - Review
    Volume V, Issue V, May 2016 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 – 2540 An Introduction to phylum Tardigrada - Review Yashas R Devasurmutt1, Arpitha B M1* 1: R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India 1*: Corresponding Author: Arpitha B M Abstract: Tardigrades popularly known as water bears are In cryptobiosis (extreme form of anabiosis), the metabolism is micrometazoans with four pairs of lobopod legs. They are the undetectable and the animal is known as tun in this phase. organisms which can live in extreme conditions and are known to Tuns have been known to survive very harsh environmental survive in vacuum and space without protection. Tardigardes conditions such as immersion in helium at -272° C (-458° F) survive in lichens and mosses, usually associated with water film or heating temperatures at 149° C (300° F), exposure to very on mosses, liverworts, and lichens. More species are found in high ionizing radiation and toxic chemical substances and milder environments such as meadows, ponds and lakes. They long durations without oxygen. [4] Figure 2 illustrates the are the first known species to survive in outer space. Tardigrades process of transition of the tardigrades[41]. are closely related to Arthropoda and nematodes based on their morphological and molecular analysis. The cryptobiosis of Figure 2: Transition process of Tardigrades Tardigrades have helped scientists to develop dry vaccines. They have been applied as research subjects in transplantology. Future research would help in more applications of tardigrades in the field of science. Keywords: Tardigrades, cryptobiosis, dry vaccines, Transplantology, space research I. INTRODUCTION ardigrade, a group of tiny arthropod-like animals having T four pairs of stubby legs with big claws, an oval stout body with a round back and lumbering gait.
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrade Reproduction and Food
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Tardigrade Reproduction and Food. Chapt. 5-2. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological 5-2-1 Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 18 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 5-2 TARDIGRADE REPRODUCTION AND FOOD TABLE OF CONTENTS Life Cycle and Reproductive Strategies .............................................................................................................. 5-2-2 Reproductive Strategies and Habitat ............................................................................................................ 5-2-3 Eggs ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-2-3 Molting ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2-7 Cyclomorphosis ........................................................................................................................................... 5-2-7 Bryophytes as Food Reservoirs ........................................................................................................................... 5-2-8 Role in Food Web ...................................................................................................................................... 5-2-12 Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrades Colonise Antarctica?
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Short, Katherine A Title: Life in the extreme when did tardigrades colonise Antarctica? General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. 1 Life in the Extreme: when did 2 Tardigrades Colonise Antarctica? 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Katherine Short 10 11 12 13 14 15 A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the 16 requirements for award of the degree of Geology in the Faculty of Earth 17 Sciences, September 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrades of the Tree Canopy: Milnesium Swansoni Sp. Nov. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) a New Species from Kansas, U.S.A
    Zootaxa 4072 (5): 559–568 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4072.5.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8BE2C177-D0F2-41DE-BBD7-F2755BE8A0EF Tardigrades of the Tree Canopy: Milnesium swansoni sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) a new species from Kansas, U.S.A. ALEXANDER YOUNG1,5, BENJAMIN CHAPPELL2, WILLIAM MILLER3 & MARGARET LOWMAN4 1Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR 97202, USA. 2Department of Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. 3Department of Biology, Baker University, Baldwin City, KS 66006, USA. 4California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. 5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Milnesium swansoni sp. nov. is a new species of Eutardigrada described from the tree canopy in eastern Kansas, USA. This species within the order Apochela, family Milnesiidae, genus Milnesium is distinguished by its smooth cuticle, nar- row buccal tube, four peribuccal lamellae, primary claws without accessory points, and a secondary claw configuration of [3-3]-[3-3]. The buccal tube appears to be only half the width of the nominal species Milnesium tardigradum for animals of similar body length. The species adds to the available data for the phylum, and raises questions concerning species dis- tribution. Key words: Four peribuccal lamellae, Thorpe morphometry, Tardigrada, Canopy diversity Introduction Milnesium Doyère, 1840 is a genus of predatory limno-terrestrial tardigrades within the Order Apochela and the Family Milnesiidae with unique morphological characteristics (Guil 2008). The genus is distinct within the phylum Tardigrada for lacking placoids, but having peribuccal papillae, lateral papillae, peribuccal lamellae, a wide buccal tube, and separated double claws (Kinchin 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Norwegian Tardigrada
    Fauna norvegica 2017 Vol. 37: 25-42. A checklist of Norwegian Tardigrada Terje Meier1 Meier T. 2017. A checklist of Norwegian Tardigrada. Fauna norvegica 37: 25-42. Animals of the phylum Tardigrada are microscopical metazoans that seldom exceed 1 mm in length. They are recorded from terrestrial, limnic and marine habitats and they have a distribution from Arctic to Antarctica. Tardigrades are also named ‘water bears’ referring to their ‘walk’ that resembles a bear’s gait. Knowledge of Norwegian tardigrades is fragmented and distributed across numerous sources. Here this information is gathered and validity of some records is discussed. In total 146 different species are recorded from the Norwegian mainland and Svalbard. Among these, 121 species and subspecies are recorded in previous publications and another 25 species are recorded from Norway for the first time. doi: 10.5324/fn.v37i0.2269. Received: 2017-05-22. Accepted: 2017-12-06. Published online: 2017-12.20. ISSN: 1891-5396 (electronic). Keywords: Tardigrada, Norway, Svalbard, checklist, taxonomy, literature, biodiversity, new records 1. Prinsdalsfaret 20, NO-1262 Oslo, Norway. Corresponding author: Terje Meier E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION terminating in claws or sucking disks. The first three pairs of legs are directed ventrolaterally and are used to moving over the The phylum Tardigrada (water bears) currently holds about substrate. The hind legs are directed posteriorly and are used for 1250 valid species and subspecies (Degma et al. 2007, Degma grasping. Adult Tardigrades usually range from 250 µm to 700 et al. 2017) and are found in a great variety of habitats. They µm in length.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840. In: Zhang, Z.-Q
    Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840 (3 classes)1 Class Heterotardigrada Marcus, 1927 (2 orders) Order Arthrotardigrada Marcus, 1927 (8 families) Family Archechiniscidae Binda, 1978 (1 genus, 3 species) Family Batillipedidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (1 genus, 26 species) Family Coronarctidae Renaud-Mornant, 1974 (2 genera, 8 species) Family Halechiniscidae Thulin, 1928 (7 subfamilies, 28 genera, 88 species) Family Neoarctidae de Zio Grimaldi, D'Addabbo Gallo & Morone De Lucia, 1992 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Neostygarctidae de Zio Grimaldi, D’Addabbo Gallo & De Lucia Morone, 1987 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Renaudarctidae Kristensen & Higgins, 1984 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Stygarctidae Schulz, 1951 (2 subfamilies, 4 genera, 21 species) Order Echiniscoidea Richters, 1926 (4 families) Family Echiniscoididae Kristensen & Hallas, 1980 (2 genera, 11 species) Family Carphaniidae Binda & Kristensen, 1986 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Oreellidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (1 genus, 2 species) Family Echiniscidae Thulin, 1928 (12 genera, 281 species) Class Mesotardigrada Rahm, 1937 (1 order)2 Order Thermozodia Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983 (1 family) Family Thermozodiidae Rahm, 1937 (1 genus, 1 species) Class Eutardigrada Richters 1926 (2 orders) Order Apochela Schuster, Nelson, Grigarick & Christenberry, 1980 (1 family) Family Milnesiidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (3 genera, 19+1† species)3 Order Parachela Schuster, Nelson Grigarick & Christenberry, 1980 (4 superfamilies, 9 families) Family Necopinatidae Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983 (1 genus, 1 species)4 incertae sedis (1 genus: Apodibius,
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrades: an Imaging Approach, a Record of Occurrence, and A
    TARDIGRADES: AN IMAGING APPROACH, A RECORD OF OCCURRENCE, AND A BIODIVERSITY INVENTORY By STEVEN LOUIS SCHULZE A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-Camden Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Graduate Program in Biology Written under the direction of Dr. John Dighton And approved by ____________________________ Dr. John Dighton ____________________________ Dr. William Saidel ____________________________ Dr. Emma Perry ____________________________ Dr. Jennifer Oberle Camden, New Jersey May 2020 THESIS ABSTRACT Tardigrades: An Imaging Approach, A Record of Occurrence, and a Biodiversity Inventory by STEVEN LOUIS SCHULZE Thesis Director: Dr. John Dighton Three unrelated studies that address several aspects of the biology of tardigrades— morphology, records of occurrence, and local biodiversity—are herein described. Chapter 1 is a collaborative effort and meant to provide supplementary scanning electron micrographs for a forthcoming description of a genus of tardigrade. Three micrographs illustrate the structures that will be used to distinguish this genus from its confamilials. An In toto lateral view presents the external structures relative to one another. A second micrograph shows a dentate collar at the distal end of each of the fourth pair of legs, a posterior sensory organ (cirrus E), basal spurs at the base of two of four claws on each leg, and a ventral plate. The third micrograph illustrates an appendage on the second leg (p2) of the animal and a lateral appendage (C′) at the posterior sinistral margin of the first paired plate (II). This image also reveals patterning on the plate margin and the leg.
    [Show full text]
  • Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae): Milnesium Krzysztofi from Costa Rica (Central America
    NewKaczmarek Zealand & Journal Michalczyk— of Zoology,Milnesium 2007, krzysztofiVol. 34: 297–302, new tardigrade from Costa Rica 297 0301–4223/07/3404–0297 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2007 A new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae): Milnesium krzysztofi from Costa Rica (Central America) Łukasz kaczmarek 1990 (chile), M. dujianensis yang 2003 (china), Department of animal Taxonomy & ecology M. eurystomum maucci, 1991 (Greenland), M. ka- Institute of environmental Biology tarzynae kaczmarek et al., 2004 (china), M. longiun- a. mickiewicz university gue Tumanov, 2006 (India), M. reductum, Tumanov Szamarzewskiego 91 a 2006 (kirghizia), M. reticulatum Pilato et al., 2002 60-569 Poznań, Poland (seychelles), M. slovenskyi Bertolani & Grimaldi, [email protected] 2000 (known only from cretaceous amber), M. tardigradum Doyère, 1840 (described from France, Łukasz mIchalczyk until recently thought to be cosmopolitan) and M. centre for ecology tetralamellatum Pilato & Binda, 1991 (Tanzania). evolution and conservation all species except for M. tardigradum are known school of Biological sciences only from their type localities (Binda & Pilato 1990; university of east anglia maucci 1991; Pilato & Binda, 1991, 2001; mcInnes Norwich NR4 7TJ, uk 1994; Bertolani & Grimaldi 2000; Pilato et al. 2002; [email protected] yang 2003; kaczmarek et al. 2004; Tumanov 2006). a new species, the fourteenth in the genus Milne- sium, is described and figured in this paper. Abstract a new eutardigrade species Milnesium krzysztofi sp. nov. is described from costa rica. M. krzysztofi sp. nov. differs from the most similar Milnesium katarzynae kaczmarek et al., 2004 main- MATERIAL AND METHODS ly by the presence of spurs on internal claws I–III Thirteen specimens of M.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Knowledge on Distribution of Tardigrada in Turkey
    diversity Article Contribution to the Knowledge on Distribution of Tardigrada in Turkey Duygu Berdi * and Ahmet Altında˘g Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 December 2019; Accepted: 4 March 2020; Published: 6 March 2020 Abstract: Tardigrades have been occasionally studied in Turkey since 1973. However, species number and distribution remain poorly known. In this study, distribution of Tardigrades in the province of Karabük, which is located in northern coast (West Black Sea Region) of Turkey, was carried out. Two moss samples were collected from the entrance of the Bulak (Mencilis) Cave. A total of 30 specimens and 14 eggs were extracted. Among the specimens; Echiniscus granulatus (Doyère, 1840) and Diaforobiotus islandicus islandicus (Richters, 1904) are new records for Karabük. Furthermore, this study also provides a current checklist of tardigrade species reported from Turkey, indicating their localities, geographic distribution and taxonomical comments. Keywords: cave; Diaforobiotus islandicus islandicus; Echiniscus granulatus; Karabük; Tardigrades; Turkey 1. Introduction Caves are not only one of the most important forms of karst, but also one of the most unique forms of karst topography in terms of both size and formation characteristics, which are formed by mechanical melting and partly chemical erosion of water [1]. Most of the caves in Turkey were developed within the Cretaceous and Tertiary limestone, metamorphic limestone [2], and up to now ca. 40 000 karst caves have been recorded in Turkey. Although, most of these caves are found in the karstic plateaus zone in the Toros System, important caves, such as Kızılelma, Sofular, Gökgöl and Mencilis, have also formed in the Western Black Sea [3].
    [Show full text]
  • XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual De La Sociedad De Biología De Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
    XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. 0 XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Libro de Resúmenes XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo 6 y 7 de Diciembre de 2018 Nave Universitaria Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Juan Agustín Maza 250, Mendoza Argentina 1 XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Índice General Comisión Directiva…………………………….. 3 Comisión Organizadora………………………... 4 Comité Científico…………...……………….…..5 Auspicios…………………………………….…..6 Declaración de Interés Gobierno de Mendoza…..7 Programa General….…………………………....8 Conferencias y Simposios…….…………..……11 Presentación de Posters……….………….….....20 Listado de Resúmenes.………..…………….….45 2 XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. COMISIÓN DIRECTIVA (2018-2020) Presidente Dr. Walter MANUCHA Vicepresidente Dra. María Verónica PÉREZ CHACA Secretario Dr. Miguel FORNÉS Tesorera Dra. María Eugenia CIMINARI Vocales Titulares Dr. Juan CHEDIAK Dr. Diego GRILLI Dra. Silvina ÁLVAREZ Vocales Suplentes Dra. Ethel LARREGLE Dra. Claudia CASTRO Dr. Luis LOPEZ Revisor de Cuentas Dra. Lucía FUENTES y Dr. Diego CARGNELUTTI 3 XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. COMISIÓN ORGANIZADORA Dr. Walter Manucha Dra. M. Verónica Pérez Chaca Dra. M. Eugenia Ciminari Dr. Juan Chediack Dra. Nidia Gomez Dra. Lucia Fuentes Dr. Miguel Fornés Dr. Diego Cargnelutti Dra. Gabriela Feresin 4 XXXVI Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. COMITÉ CIENTIFICO MENDOZA SAN LUIS Dr. Carlos GAMARRA LUQUES Dra. Verónica Pérez Chaca Dra. Adriana TELECHEA Dra. Alba VEGA Dra.
    [Show full text]
  • Seventh International Symposium on Tardigrada
    ~ Heimatmuseum Benrath Benrather SchloBallee 102 40597 Dusseldorf I Telefon (0211) 89-97219 Seventh International Symposium on Tardigrada Naturkundliches Heimatmuseum Benrath I September 4 - 7, 1997 Programme and timetable Thursday 15.00 - 19.00 Registration Naturkundliches Heimatmuseum SchloB Benrath Benrather SchloBallee 102 D-40597 DUsseldorf Tel. + 49 (0) 211 8997216 Seventh International Symposium 8997219 Fax + 49 (0) 211 8929115 on Tardigrada 19.30 Informal get-together Supported Hotel Restaurant "Zum Neuen Rathaus" Benrodestr.lEcke Benrather Rathausstr. 1 by D-40597 DUsseldorf Tel. & Fax the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft + 49 (0) 21( 716666 and 9714203 (DFG) Friday Morning Friday Afternoon 09.00 - 09.20 Welcome 1400 - 14.40 W;'igele, J.W. Tardigrade Phylogeny and Systematics Principles ofphylogenetic systematics and sources oferrors in molecular systematics (Invited lecture) Chair: R.M. Kristensen following the lecture 09.20 - 09.50 Budd, G. Cambrian stem-group arthropods: Can they help us pin down tardigrade origins? Round Table Discussion 09.50 - 10.20 Dewel, W.C. & R.A. Dewel Congruence ofmorphological and molecular data in Tardigrada? Phylogenetic implications of the morphology of the "suboesophageal (Chairs: R.M. Kristensen, D. Nelson, lW. Wagele) ganglion" and ventral cord ofEchiniscus sp. 10.20 - 10.50 Coffee and Tea Chair: R.A. Dewel 16.30 - 19.00 Walk through the DUsseldorf "Altstadt" 10.50 - 11.10 Nelson, D.R. & J. Garey Molecular analysis ofeutardigrades and heterotardigrades 19.00 Get-together in a "Biergarten" (depends on the weather) or a restaurant in 11.10 - 11.40 the "Altstadt" Eibye-Jacobsen, J.. Are the placoid structures in the tardigrade pharynx homologous throughout the entire group? 11.40 - 12.00 Nelson, D.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Dastych, H. 2011. Bergtrollus Dzimbowski Gen. N., Sp. N., A
    Entomol. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 15 (186): 335-359 Hamburg, 1. Dezember 2011 ISSN 0044-5223 Bergtrollus dzimbowski gen. n., sp. n., a remarkable new tardigrade genus and species from the nival zone of the Lyngen Alps, Norway (Tardigrada: Milnesiidae) HIERONYMUS DASTYCH (with 51 gures) Abstract Bergtrollus dzimbowski gen. n., sp. n., a new genus and species of Tardigrada (the Milnesiidae) from moss in the nival zone of the Lyngen Alps (Norway), is described. This is the second milnesiid genus, apart from Milnesium Doyère, 1840, known to oc- cur in the Northern Hemisphere. The new tardigrade is characterized by a strikingly long and protrusible proboscis (‘snout’) formed by the prolonged mouth region. A simi- lar organ in Eutardigrada has also been reported in Milnesioides exsertum Claxton, 1999 and in the recently discovered Limmenius porcellus Horning et al., 1978 (see Claxton 1999) (both Milnesiidae). These species are known from limited records in New Zealand and Australia. The shape and length of the buccal tube in Bergtrollus gen. n. is intermediate between those of Milnesioides and Limmenius, but the mouth cavity is similar to Milnesium. Diagnostic morphological characters and identi cation key for all four genera of the Milnesiidae are presented and the phylogenetic status of the new taxon within the family is discussed. Keywords: Tardigrada, taxonomy, Bergtrollus dzimbowski gen. n., sp. n., nival zone, the Lyngen Alps, Norway, the Arctic. Introduction Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840 is one of the rst described, still valid, worldwide recorded and commonly known tardigrades. The species repre- sents well-separated phyletic branch within Eutardigrada de ned by Schuster et al.
    [Show full text]