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Draft Entiat Subbasin Summary

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Draft Entiat Subbasin Summary Entiat Subbasin Summary May 17, 2002 Prepared for the Northwest Power Planning Council Editor Laura Berg and Shelley Matthews Yakama Nation, Consultants Subbasin Team Leader Mike Kaputa Chelan County Watershed Program, Director Contributors (in alphabetical order): Carmen Andonaegui, Washington State Conservation Commission Phil Archibald, U.S. Forest Service Dave Carie, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lee Carlson, Yakama Nation Rick Edwards, U.S. Forest Service Eric Egbers, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife John Monahan, Washington Department of Ecology Keely Murdoch, Yakama Nation Chuck Peven, Chelan County Public Utility District #1 Mike Rickel, Chelan County Conservation District Bob Rose, Yakama Nation Tom Scribner, Yakama Nation, Consultant Sarah Merkel Walker, Chelan County Watershed Program DRAFT: This document has not yet been reviewed or approved by the Northwest Power Planning Council Entiat Subbasin Summary Table of Contents Subbasin Description ......................................................................................................................... 1 General Description ................................................................................................................... 1 Fish and Wildlife Resources.............................................................................................................. 9 Fish and Wildlife Status............................................................................................................. 9 Habitat Areas and Quality........................................................................................................ 23 Watershed Assessment............................................................................................................. 31 Limiting Factors....................................................................................................................... 33 Artificial Production ................................................................................................................ 36 Existing and Past Efforts.......................................................................................................... 37 Present Subbasin Management ........................................................................................................ 45 Existing Management............................................................................................................... 45 Existing Goals, Objectives, and Strategies .............................................................................. 50 Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation Activities .................................................................... 57 Statement of Fish and Wildlife Needs ..................................................................................... 60 Entiat Subbasin Recommendations.................................................................................................. 63 Projects and Budgets................................................................................................................ 63 References........................................................................................................................................ 73 Appendix A...................................................................................................................................... 76 Entiat Subbasin Summary ii DRAFT May 17, 2002 Disclaimer The Northwest Power Planning Council (NPPC) intended the production of this subbasin summary to be a collaborative effort. Therefore, any party with information relevant to existing natural resources and conditions with the Entiat River subbasin was provided an opportunity to participate in the production of this document. Consequently, the document was created using information collected from many sources. The parties participating in the development and submission of this summary do not imply that they agree with or otherwise support all or any of the information submitted by any other party. All parties reserve the right to respond to and rebut any information within this summary or any document appended to the same, as they may deem appropriate. Entiat Subbasin Summary iii DRAFT May 17, 2002 List of Figures Figure 1. Location of Entiat subbasin, major streams, lands ownership and protected areas ........... 2 Figure 2. Land ownership and protected areas in the Entiat subbasin............................................... 7 Figure 3. Spring Chinook distribution in the Entiat subbasin ......................................................... 11 Figure 4. Summer Steelhead distribution in the Entiat subbasin..................................................... 13 Figure 5. Bull trout distribution in the Entiat subbasin ................................................................... 15 Figure 6. Wildlife habitat types found in the Entiat subbasin ......................................................... 27 Figure 7. Entiat WRIA 46................................................................................................................ 32 List of Tables Table 1. Entiat subbasin vegetation types by acres and percent........................................................ 4 Table 2. Land Ownership in the Entiat subbasin by acreage and percentage.................................... 6 Table 3. List of stream reaches in the Entiat subbasin designated as protected areas (off-limits to dam construction) by the NPPC in 1988................................................................................... 8 Table 4. Common wildlife species................................................................................................... 17 Table 5. Yearling spring chinook salmon released from, and adult returns to, ENFH, 1990-1999. 36 Table 6. Fish screening projects completed in the Entiat subbasin................................................. 45 Table 7. Entiat anadromous fish production goals .......................................................................... 56 Table 8. Subbasin Summary FY 2003 - Funding Proposal Matrix.................................................. 71 Entiat Subbasin Summary iv DRAFT May 17, 2002 Entiat Subbasin Summary Subbasin Description General Description Subbasin Location The Entiat Subbasin (Water Resource Inventory Area #46) is located along the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains in Chelan County in north central Washington (Figure 1). The Entiat River Subbasin is bounded on the north by the Chelan Mountains and on the south by the Entiat Mountains. The river drains about 419 square miles and originates high in the Cascade Mountains, near Spectacle Buttes and Mt. Maude. It flows southeast to its confluence with the Columbia River near the town of Entiat, about 20 miles north of Wenatchee (Kirk et al. 1995). Entiat Subbasin Summary 1 DRAFT May 17, 2002 Figure 1. Location of Entiat subbasin, major streams, lands ownership and protected areas Entiat Subbasin Summary 2 DRAFT May 17, 2002 Drainage Area A rim of snow covered peaks supply the Entiat watershed’s headwaters. The two largest perennial tributaries are the North Fork Entiat (20% of flow) and the Mad River (14% of flow), which join the Entiat River at river mile 33 and 10.5, respectively. Other perennial tributaries include Mud, Potato, Roaring, Stormy, Preston, Brennegan, McCrea, Burns, Fox, Tommy, Lake Silver, Pop, Three and Duncan creeks. The Entiat watershed also includes numerous intermittent tributaries (Andonaegui 1999). Climate Mean annual precipitation ranges from 90 inches in the moist alpine northwest portion of the watershed to 10 inches in the arid shrub steppe near the Columbia River. Most precipitation falls as snow in winter, with smaller amounts as heavy rain showers in July and August. During the summer, average daily temperatures in the mid elevations range between 60oF and 70oF with highs in the 90s and 100s. At higher elevations, temperatures decrease to the 50s. During the winter, average temperatures range from the teens to the 40s with occasional sub-zero temperatures (Andonaegui 1999; CCCD 1999). Geology/Topography/Soil Topography in the Entiat subbasin is stratified into three distinct types. The lower subbasin is comprised of rolling hills (indicative of an earlier geologic era when streams downcut slowly), a stream-incised V-shaped valley, and a broad floodplain made up of water- stratified silt, sand, and cobbles. In the mid-to-lower valleys, uplifting of the Cascade Mountains caused streams to become more erosive creating narrow incisive canyons. During the neo-glaciation period, a glacier, nearly 25-miles long, sculpted the upper Entiat River Valley into its characteristic glacial U-shape with a broad valley floor and terminal moraine covered in till (Andonaegui 1999; CCCD 1999). Primary geologic components that comprise the Entiat River watershed include metamorphic gneiss and schist, intrusive granodiorite, quartz diorite, glacial and alluvial sediment, and volcanic ash (from Glacier Peak, 14 miles west of the Entiat River drainage)(CCCD 1999). Crystalline bedrock underlies the mantle of ash and valley sediments (Kirk et al. 1995). Elevation ranges from 9,249 feet at Mt. Fernow to about 713 feet at the river mouth (CCCD 1999). Soils types in the Entiat are conducive to runoff and erosion. Grazing, road construction, timber harvest, and development have exacerbated the problem by compacting soil and reducing infiltration. It is thought that over-grazing by domestic animals in the Entiat at
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