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CAMINOS BURGALESES: LOS CAMINOS DEL NORTE (Siglos XV Y XVI)

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CAMINOS BURGALESES: LOS CAMINOS DEL NORTE (Siglos XV Y XVI) FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y COMUNICACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS HISTÓRICAS Y GEOGRAFÍA TESIS DOCTORAL CAMINOS BURGALESES: LOS CAMINOS DEL NORTE (Siglos XV y XVI) Salvador Domingo Mena Dirigida por Juan José García González Catedrático de Historia Medieval de la Universidad de Burgos BURGOS, 2015 A Cari, Elena Eva Juan Javier Alex y Toño. tomo I CAMINOS BURGALESES: Los Caminos del Norte (Siglos XV y XVI) Resumen l presente trabajo desarrollado como Tesis de Doctorado se enmarca dentro del pro- grama de la Universidad de Burgos que lleva por título “La vida cotidiana en Castilla Ey León” y ha sido realizado bajo la dirección del doctor D. Juan José García González, catedrático de Historia Medieval. El contenido se identifica con los itinerarios que unían la ciudad de Burgos con los puer- tos del Cantábrico centro-oriental y, en concreto, con los de Santander, Laredo, Castro- Urdiales, Bilbao y Portugalete. El autor aspira en este plano a la restitución más fidedigna posible de sus trazados y de las variantes que fueron incorporando. Su ámbito territorial comprende la mitad septentrional de la actual provincia de Bur- gos, el tramo oriental de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria y el segmento occidental de las provincias de Álava y Vizcaya. El marco cronológico se circunscribe a los siglos XV y XVI o, si se prefiere, al período que opera como puente de paso de la Edad Media a la Edad Moderna. A pesar de que el territorio burgalés es y ha sido siempre una encrucijada de caminos, los estudios que se les han dedicado están bien lejos de cubrir las expectativas. Con los límites de espacio y tiempo ya glosados, se pretende contribuir con este trabajo a colmar dicha laguna. Palabras clave: Historia, Geografía, Urbanismo, Arquitectura, Caminería, Burgos, Santander, Laredo, Castro-Urdiales, Bilbao, Portugalete. Abstract his dissertation presented as a Doctoral Thesis fits within the Burgos University pro- gram. The title is “the daily life in Castille and León” and it has been directed by Dr. TJuan José García González, Professor of Medieval History. The contents of this Doctoral dissertation focuses in the different routes that connected Burgos with the central-eastern ports of the Cantabrian cost, especially Santander, La- redo, Castro-Urdiales, Bilbao and Portugalete. The author’s intention is to present these routes and their evolution over time, in the most accurate way possible. From a geographic perspective, it has been considered the northern part of the current province of Burgos, the eastern part of the Cantabrian region and the western part of Álava and Vizcaya during the XV and XVI centuries or, in other words, the period which marks the transition between the Middle Ages to the Modern Time. Despite the fact that the territory of Burgos has always been a crossroads, the different studies that have covered the subject so far are distant from satisfying any expectation. Considering the limits of space and time already commented, the intention of the author is to fill this gap. Índice general TOMO I I.- PRESENTACIÓN ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 II.- INTRODUCCIÓN ...........................................................................................................................................................23 1.- PLANTEAMIENTO ..........................................................................................................................................................24 2.- OBJETO Y OBJETIVOS...................................................................................................................................................24 3.- METODOLOGÍA ................................................................................................................................................................. 26 A.- FUENTES MANEJADAS ....................................................................................................................................27 a.- Fondos documentales .................................................................................................................................27 b.- Colecciones diplomáticas y documentales ............................................................................... 28 c.- Fuentes bibliográficas................................................................................................................................ 29 • Estudios de carácter general .............................................................................................................. 29 • Estudios de alcance regional, comarcal y local ...................................................................33 d.- Itinerarios históricos de caminos .................................................................................................... 39 e.- Memorias y testimonios de caminantes y viajeros ........................................................... 43 f.- Cartografía histórica ................................................................................................................................... 44 g.- Cartografía contemporánea ................................................................................................................. 44 h.- Fotografía aérea y cartografía digital .......................................................................................... 45 B.- RECONOCIMIENTO DEL TERRENO ...................................................................................................46 4.- CONTENIDOS .......................................................................................................................................................................47 5.- PROYECCIÓN DE RESULTADOS ........................................................................................................................48 III.- ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN ..............................................................................................................................49 1.- LOS CAMINOS EN LA HISTORIA DE LA PENÍNSULA ................................................................. 50 2.- CONDICIONES GENERALES DEL TRANSPORTE ............................................................................... 54 A.- CONDICIONAMIENTOS NATURALES .............................................................................................. 54 B.- ASPECTOS LEGISLATIVOS ........................................................................................................................... 55 10 ▪ Caminos burgaleses: Los caminos del Norte Capítulo I LOS CAMINOS DEL NORTE (siglos XV y XVI) Encuadramiento Geohistórico .........................................................................................................................61 1.- LA CIUDAD DE BURGOS COMO PUNTO DE PARTIDA ................................................................. 62 A.- ENCLAVE CAMINERO ...................................................................................................................................... 62 B.- LA TRAMA URBANA: ASPECTOS BÁSICOS ................................................................................ 63 a.- Desarrollo histórico del caserío .........................................................................................................64 b.- Puntos habituales de la actividad comercial .......................................................................... 65 c.- Las puertas ...........................................................................................................................................................67 • El portazgo de la puerta de San Juan ...........................................................................................68 • El ensanche de la puerta de San Gil .............................................................................................70 d.- Los puentes de la ciudad ...........................................................................................................................71 • Reparaciones de los puentes ...............................................................................................................75 • Inundaciones de enero de 1527 .......................................................................................................... 77 • El puente de los Malatos en 1551 ..................................................................................................... 79 • La riada de mayo de 1582 ...................................................................................................................... 80 C.- CIUDAD MERCANTIL ......................................................................................................................................110 a.- Enclave comercial y lanero ................................................................................................................... 115 • Ferias y mercados ....................................................................................................................................... 118 • La barra o portazgo ..................................................................................................................................120 b.- Actividad mercantil .................................................................................................................................. 129 • Exenciones de los comerciantes y arrieros burgaleses ..............................................
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