DOCSLIB.ORG

Sro.Sussex.Ac.Uk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sro.Sussex.Ac.Uk View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sussex Research Online A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Catching the Flu: Syndromic Surveillance, Algorithmic Governmentality and Global Health Security Stephen L. Roberts A thesis submitted to the University of Sussex in fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of International Relations School of Global Studies July 2017 Declaration This work has not been previously accepted in form or substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed .................................................................................... (Candidate) Date ........................................................................................ Statement 1 This thesis is the result of my own research investigations, except where otherwise stated. All other sources are acknowledged by citations and footnotes giving explicit references. Signed .................................................................................... (Candidate) Date ........................................................................................ Statement 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be made available for photocopying and for inter- library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed .................................................................................... (Candidate) Date ........................................................................................ *The research and development of this doctoral thesis has been generously supported with funding from the Chancellor’s International Research Scholarship (2013-2016), at the University of Sussex. Total word count: 84 836 2 Abstract This thesis offers a critical analysis of the rise of syndromic surveillance systems for the advanced detection of pandemic threats within contemporary global health security frameworks. The thesis traces the iterative evolution and ascendancy of three such novel syndromic surveillance systems for the strengthening of health security initiatives over the past two decades: 1) The Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED-mail); 2) The Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN); and 3) HealthMap. This thesis demonstrates how each newly introduced syndromic surveillance system has become increasingly oriented towards the integration of digital algorithms into core surveillance capacities to continually harness and forecast upon infinitely generating sets of digital, open-source data, potentially indicative of forthcoming pandemic threats. This thesis argues that the increased centrality of the algorithm within these next-generation syndromic surveillance systems produces a new and distinct form of infectious disease surveillance for the governing of emergent pathogenic contingencies. Conceptually, the thesis also shows how the rise of this algorithmic mode of infectious disease surveillance produces divergences in the governmental rationalities of global health security, leading to the rise of an algorithmic governmentality within contemporary contexts of Big Data and these surveillance systems. Empirically, this thesis demonstrates how this new form of algorithmic infectious disease surveillance has been rapidly integrated into diplomatic, legal, and political frameworks to strengthen the practice global health security – producing subtle, yet distinct shifts in the outbreak notification and reporting transparency of states, increasingly scrutinized by the algorithmic gaze of syndromic surveillance. 3 Acknowledgements This doctoral thesis represents the conclusion of an ongoing process of research which began, quite earnestly, as many such projects do, in an e-mail exchange in 2011, about potential research interest in exploring emergent practices of syndromic surveillance in global health. From this initial starting point, some years ago now, to the submission of this thesis in 2017, I firstly extend my most sincere thanks to Professor Stefan Elbe, for his competency, and continued support in serving as the primary supervisor of this project. Thank you for helping me to expand my understandings, to test and push me on my perspectives, and for always working in support to allow me to present and extend my research work into exciting and challenging new venues. Together, I think we have made a very good team. I would like to extend additional thanks to Dr Stefanie Ortmann, who served as secondary supervisor on this project for her insight and perspective. I wish to extend my warmest thanks and gratitude to Professor Barbara Prainsack, who, from a chance encounter at a conference in Berlin, quickly became a steadfast mentor, as well as friend. Thank you, for your kind words and your willingness to support and encourage me, always. A warm note of thanks further to my aunt, Austina Garnhum, an educator, who for as long as I can recall has encouraged a love of books, and talked to me about grand ideas and far-away places. Thank you for your love and positivity, you are an inspiration to us all. At the University of Sussex, I also extend my warmest thanks to Miss Clare Rogers of the School of Global Studies, who became my first friend and kindred spirit at Sussex, when I was a young MA candidate. To my PhD friends, Gabrielle Daoust and Béatrice Châteauvert-Gagnon, thank you for sharing this experience with me. Thank you for always being there as a listening ear, for encouragement, for a laugh, and for a glass of wine. I look so forward to celebrating our academic achievements together. For all my friends and my family, in London, and Brighton, on Prince Edward Island, and around the world, thank you for contributing in so many wonderful ways to my life, you all make the ride worthwhile. To my friends at King’s College London, and the London School of Economics (LSE), thank you for your support as I concluded my doctoral research, and for offering me my first academic positions. A message of sincere thanks as well to Dr Anne Roemer-Mahler of the University of Sussex, and Dr Martin French of Concordia University for their engagement, insights, and willingness to serve as examiners for this thesis. Lastly, I send along, my warmest thanks and all my gratitude to Christopher Duffy, whose unparalleled support and faith in me during the years of research and writing, has made all the difference. Thank you for always being there. 4 Contents Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction: Syndromic Surveillance, Algorithmic Governmentality and Global Health Security............................................................................................................. 10 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 10 The Expanding Nexus of Health and Security ...................................................................................... 12 Syndromic Surveillance in the Era of Pandemic Threat ....................................................................... 16 Algorithms, Global Health, and Security .............................................................................................. 19 Central Research Question and Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 22 A Foucauldian Analysis of Health Security, and Surveillance ............................................................. 23 Algorithmic Governmentality, Syndromic Surveillance and Global Health Security .......................... 24 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Argument and Structure of Thesis ........................................................................................................ 28 Chapter One: The Rise of Global Health Security ................................................... 32 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 32 A Genealogy of Infectious Disease Control ......................................................................................... 34 Populations and Pestilences: Before ‘Global Health’ ........................................................................... 35 Fostering Cooperation towards Global Health: Enter the WHO
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PUBLIC HEALTH 3.0 Roundtable on Data, Metrics, and Predictive Modeling
    MARCH 22 2016 MEETING PROCEEDINGS: PUBLIC HEALTH 3.0 Roundtable on Data, Metrics, and Predictive Modeling U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Hubert H. Humphrey Building Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................2 PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................3 Public Health: Past, Present, and Future .......................................................................................4 How Can an Enhanced Data, Metrics, and Analytics Infrastructure Fuel the Transition into PH3.0? ....................................................................................................................................6 Information Needs, Data, Metrics, and Analytics for PH3.0: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here? .....................................................................................................................8 Panel 1: Voices from the Field: Leveraging Data and Informatics Infrastructure ...................8 Panel 2: Frontiers in Big Data for Public Health ................................................................... 12 Panel 3: Innovations in Metrics and Predictive Modeling for PH3.0 Decision Making ........ 15 Building Blocks for a Public Health 3.0 Informatics System: Meeting Top Challenges for Communities’ Chief Health Strategists
    [Show full text]
  • 3692910.Pdf (741.3Kb)
    Development of a Vietnamese Language Outbreak Mapping and Surveillance System The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bui, David, Sumiko Mekaru, Clark Freifeld, and John S. Brownstein. 2013. “Development of a Vietnamese Language Outbreak Mapping and Surveillance System.” Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 5 (1): e63. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11708639 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ISDS 2012 Conference Abstracts Development of a Vietnamese Language Outbreak Mapping and Surveillance System David Bui*1, 2, Sumiko Mekaru1, 3, Clark Freifeld1, 6 and John S. Brownstein1, 5, 4 1Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA; 2Dept of Epidemiology, Mel Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA; 3Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 4Dept of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 5Dept of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 6Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA Objective Conclusions To present the development of a surveillance system utilizing on- Leveraging the expediency of freely available online news media, line Vietnamese language media sources to detect disease events in the developed surveillance system is able to detect and map outbreaks Vietnam and the South East Asian Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership Strategies for Information Technology in Health Care January 30—February 3, 2017 (Module I) and May 15—19, 2017 (Module II) Faculty Biographies
    Leadership Strategies for Information Technology in Health Care January 30—February 3, 2017 (Module I) and May 15—19, 2017 (Module II) Faculty Biographies Program Directors Mary Finlay, MBA Lecturer Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development Department of Health Policy and Management Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts Phone: (617) 432-5112 Email: [email protected] Mary Finlay is a Lecturer in the Department of Health Policy & Management at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and brings twenty-five years of industry experience into her Strategy and Health IT classes. She has also taught as a Professor of Practice at the Simmons School of Management. She directs multiple executive education programs including: Leadership Strategies for Information Technology in Healthcare, Leadership Development for Physicians in Academic Health Centers, and the Program for Chiefs of Clinical Services. She consults with organizations in the areas of IT organization, strategy and staff development. Previously, she was the Deputy Chief Information Officer of Partners HealthCare System, Inc. and Chief Information Officer of Brigham and Women's Hospital. Former roles include being the Chair of the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council, a faculty member for the College of Healthcare Information Management Executive (CHIME) CIO Boot camp, and an appointed member of the Governor’s Information Technology Advisory Board. She currently serves on the IT Subcommittee of the Board for UMASS Memorial Medical Center. She has been recognized with leadership awards from the Boston Business Journal, the Simmons School of Management, CIO, the New England Business and Technology Association, and Babson College’s Center for Information Management Studies and YearUp.
    [Show full text]
  • Yale Public Health Letters to the Editor Remembering Adrian M
    YaleYale PublicPublic HealthHealth FALLFALL 20112011 2009 Brain tumors, genomics and the quest for answers The vector wars— Are victories within reach? A world of disease | Babesiosis emerges | Eye for the fly | Building a better bug trap | An epidemic turns 30 YaleYale school school of of public public health health YaleYale PublicPublic HealthHealth FALLFALL 2011 2009 22 Dean’sDean’s Message Message 33 LettersEditor’s to Note the Editor 44 AdvancesAdvances 7 Perspective 7 Perspective 8 The tumor connection 8 AOngoing world research of disease seeks to find the cause of the most common, though poorly understood, form of brain tumor. 10 VictoryTracking over 100,000 the vector children 13 YaleYale researchers is participating are pursuingin one of the widely largest different epidemiological approaches studies to everstem attempted. or stop insect-borne diseases that plague different areas of the world. A conversation with Josephine Hoh 16 Battling an emerging disease 18 In the lab Largely unknown and only partially understood, a tick- 20 transmittedPromoting disease global known ashealth babesiosis poses a growing publicAn international health threat. conference to promote global health will be held at Yale this spring. 21 20 An eye for the tsetse fly A Whereresearch scientist’s the ticks passion are for photography results in an award-winningAn online map imagewill provide and reveals detailed fascinating, information often on the unnoticed detailslocation of and insect density life. of ticks that carry Lyme disease. 22 24 AStudents conversation with Durland Fish Alumni 26 Building a better bug trap 24 YSPH Notes 2827 PanelIn Memoriam discusses Lyme disease documentary 2934 TrackingYesterday HPV 38 Today 30 An epidemic turns 30 40 3241 Students 34 Alumni 41 YSPH Notes 52 Yesterday 53 Today Well-fed and rounded to capacity, a female blacklegged tick is now ready for the next stage of life: reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Nsda Nationals Topic 2021
    N S D A N A T I O N A L T O U R N A M E N T T O P I C R E S O L V E D : A P U B L I C H E A L T H E M E R G E N C Y J U S T I F I E S L I M I T I N G C I V I L L I B E R T I E S . 0 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – NSDA NATIONALS TOPIC 2021 1 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – NSDA NATIONALS TOPIC 2021 In Collaboration With DFW Speech & Debate Staff 1 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – NSDA NATIONALS TOPIC 2021 2 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – NSDA NATIONALS TOPIC 2021 3 TRIUMPH DEBATE LINCOLN DOUGLAS BRIEF – NSDA NATIONALS TOPIC 2021 Table of Contents TOPIC ANALYSIS BY: MATT SLENCSAK ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Resolved: A public health emergency justifies limiting civil liberties. ................................................................................................................. 8 Introduction & Background .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Researching The Resolution ............................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Implementation .................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. John Brownstein, Chief Innovation Officer, Boston Children's Hospital
    Written Testimony before The U.S. House Of Representatives Committee on Science, Space and Technology HEARING ENTITLED: “Beyond Coronaviruses: Understanding the Spread of Infectious Diseases and Mobilizing Innovative Solutions.” Dr. John Brownstein, PhD Chief Innovation Officer, Boston Children’s Hospital Professor, Harvard Medical School Thursday, March 5, 2020 Chairwoman Johnson, Ranking Member Lucas and distinguished members of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space and Technology, thank you for inviting me to speak with you today. I will be addressing the topic of “Beyond Coronaviruses: Understanding the Spread of Infectious Diseases and Mobilizing Innovative Solutions” and sharing with you how novel technologies, like Artificial Intelligence (AI), can help predict, detect and monitor emerging infectious diseases while also discussing how nontraditional data sources can supplement existing epidemiological techniques. It is my goal to share how these technologies have changed the ways we manage public health crises or potential crises and what the future can hold, with proper investments and planning. I am a Professor at Harvard Medical School and the Chief Innovation Officer at Boston Children’s Hospital. I also direct the Computational Epidemiology Lab at the Boston Children’s Hospital’s Computational Health Informatics Program. My research aims to have translational impact on the surveillance, control and prevention of disease. My team develops innovative infectious disease surveillance platforms that use freely available online data to provide real-time insights for both public health officials and the general public. Throughout the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, H7N9 Avian Influenza, Ebola in West Africa, Zika in the Americas and now COVID-19, these platforms, and our research, have highlighted the critical role that innovative surveillance can have on outbreak detection, monitoring, and mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • John S. Brownstein, Ph.D. Chief Innovation Officer, Boston Children’ Hospital Professor, Harvard Medical School
    John S. Brownstein, Ph.D. Chief Innovation Officer, Boston Children’ Hospital Professor, Harvard Medical School John Brownstein, Ph.D is Professor of Biomedical Informatics at Harvard Medical School and is the Chief Innovation Officer of Boston Children’s Hospital. He also directs the Computational Epidemiology Lab and the Innovation and Digital Health Accelerator both at Boston Children’s. He was trained as an epidemiologist at Yale University. Overall, his work aims to have translation impact on the surveillance, control and prevention of disease. He has been at the forefront of the development and application of data mining and citizen science to public health. His efforts are in use by millions each year including the CDC, WHO, DHS, DOD, HHS, and EU, and has been recognized by the National Library of Congress and the Smithsonian. In addition to research achievements, this translational impact comes from playing an advisory role to numerous agencies on real-time public health surveillance including HHS, DHS, CDC, IOM, WHO and the White House. He was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the highest honor bestowed by the United States government to outstanding scientists and the Lagrange Prize for international achievements in complexity sciences. Dr. Brownstein is also Uber’s healthcare advisor and co-founder of digital health companies Epidemico and Circulation. He has authored over 200 peer-reviewed articles on epidemiology and public health. This work has been reported on widely including pieces in the New England Journal of Medicine, Science, Nature, New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, CNN, National Public Radio and the BBC.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Global Public Health Surveillance Through Data and Benefit Sharing
    Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2407.151830 Strengthening Global Public Health Surveillance through Data and Benefit Sharing Technical Appendix Public Health Surveillance: A Call to Share Data IANPHI US Office Disease outbreaks such as Ebola, and increasing concerns about the impact of Zika virus, point to the urgent need for sharing public health surveillance data, including that collected by governments, researchers, donors and international organizations. Convened by Chatham House, over 40 international public health leaders, including IANPHI Founding President Dr. Jeff Koplan, Vice President Dr. Mwele Malecela and Executive Board member Dr. Ilesh Jani participated in the discussion and development of the statement. “Sharing routine public health surveillance data is crucial to understanding what is going on in our countries, regions and the world as a whole,” said Dr. Malecela, who is the director of the National Institute of Medical Research, Tanzania. “We commend Chatham House for its important work in bringing together thought leaders to develop strategies for the future.” Dr. Jani noted that public health institutes such as Mozambique’s National Institute of Health play a major role in analyzing surveillance data and developing policy recommendations. “To do so we need access to all types of data, including that from those working in our countries.” Dr. Koplan noted that the new Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance network (CHAMPS), in which IANPHI is a partner, will result in substantial new data on the causes of childhood death. “This data, in line with our discussions at Chatham House, will be widely available in a way that will help parents, communities, nations and the world,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Convening Innovators in Science and Technology Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015
    Global Agenda Convening Innovators in Science and Technology Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 Dalian, People’s Republic of China 9-11 September Contents Business Champions 5 Policy Leaders 12 University Leaders 18 Communication Experts 24 Researchers at the Vanguard of Innovation 30 Pioneers and Innovators 44 Young Scientists 54 Related Communities 65 Acknowledgments 65 2 Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 Discoveries in science and technology are arguably the greatest agent of change in the modern world. While never without risk, these technological innovations can lead to solutions for pressing global challenges such as providing safe drinking water and preventing antimicrobial resistance. But lack of investment, outmoded regulations and public misperceptions prevent many promising technologies from achieving their potential. In this regard, we have convened leaders from across the science and technology communities for the Forum’s Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 – the foremost global gathering on innovation, entrepreneurship and technology. More than 1,600 leaders from business, government and research from over 90 countries will participate in 100- plus interactive sessions to: – Contribute breakthrough scientific ideas and innovations transforming economies and societies worldwide – Catalyse strategic and operational agility within organizations with respect to technological disruption – Connect with the next generation of research pioneers and business W. Lee Howell Managing Director innovators reshaping global,
    [Show full text]
  • Gnature Redacted
    Modeling Transmission Heterogeneity for Infectious Disease Outbreaks by Maimuna Shahnaz Majumder S.M. Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2015) M.P.H. Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Tufts University (2013) B.S. Engineering Science, Tufts University (2013) Submitted to the Institute for Data, Systems, and Society in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Systems at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2018 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Signature of Author ....... Signature redacted .. .. .. / -' nstitute for Data, Systems, and Society August 31, 2018 Certified by ............. S ignature redacted.--. Richard Larson Professor Post-Tenure of Data, Systems, and Society Thesis Chair Certified by Signature redacted John Brownstein Professor, Harvard Medical School gnature redacted Doctoral Committee Member Certified by.. Lydia Bourouiba Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Doctoral Committee Member Certified by. Signature redacted Stan N. Finkelstein Senior Research Scientist of Data, Systems, and Society Su rDoctoral Committee Member Accepted by ............ Signature ---redacted-----------.......... --- .................................................. MASSACHSETTS IN~STUTE Stephen Graves OF TECHNOLOG Graduate Officer, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society OCT 1 6 20 18 LIBRARIE S ARCHIVES 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 MITLibraries http://ibraries.mit.edu/ask DISCLAIMER NOTICE
    [Show full text]
  • ACHE of MA Fall Conference Building Healthcare for the Future
    ACHE of MA Fall Conference Building Healthcare for the Future November 17th - Session 2 Closing the Innovation Gap: Value-Driven Approach to Healthcare Delivery 5:00pm – 7:00pm 1 | P a g e COVID-19 – our most recent and still ongoing healthcare challenge, has come with misery, death, hardship, uncertainty and economic challenge. For diverse communities, it has put a stark spotlight on the massive disparities they face in health conditions, access to care and further emphasized the need to pay more attention to the social determinants of health. Compounding the coronavirus challenges, horrifying acts of racism and violence against people of color were publicly exposed, putting yet another spotlight on inequities that have existed in our country for centuries and establishing without a doubt, that racism is a public health crisis. As the pandemic merged individual and societal needs, providers, healthcare leaders, insurance companies, government and citizens did what had to be done despite all of the existing barriers. The entire healthcare community came together to innovate and effectively transform care as never before. Healthcare organizations focused on mission, temporarily disregarding the skyrocketing treatment expenses and loss of revenue that are significantly impacting their financial viability. We also witnessed daily humanism and heroism in every community and organization. Doctors, nurses, provider teams, support staff and essential workers rose to the challenge, putting their own lives and health in jeopardy beyond normal
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Analysis of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Near Lyme, Connecticut Emma K
    RESEARCH Spatial Analysis of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis near Lyme, Connecticut Emma K. Chaput,* James I. Meek,* and Robert Heimer* Geographic information systems combined with methods of spatial analysis provide powerful new tools for understanding the epidemiology of diseases and for improving disease prevention and control. In this study, the spatial distribution of a newly recognized tick-borne disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), was investigated for nonrandom patterns and clusters in an area known to be endemic for tick- borne diseases. Analysis of confirmed cases of HGE identified in 1997–2000 in a 12-town area around Lyme, Connecticut, showed that HGE infections are not distributed randomly. Smoothed HGE incidence was higher around the mouth of the Connecticut River and lower to the north and west. Cluster analysis identified one area of increased HGE risk (relative risk=1.8, p=0.001). This study demonstrates the utility of geographic information systems and spatial analysis to clarify the epidemiology of HGE. istorically, the study of the spread of diseases within pop- region has a total population of 83,600 and encompasses 330.7 H ulations has included a spatial component. New tools, square miles. During the 4 years of surveillance (1997–2000), including geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial the average annual incidence of confirmed cases of HGE in the statistics methods, enable epidemiologists to address the spa- 12-town area was 42 cases per 100,000 persons. For the same tial aspects of disease rates and transmission more thoroughly 4-year period, the average annual incidence of Lyme disease in and less subjectively.
    [Show full text]