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The Complexity of Male Reproductive Success: Effects of Nutrition, Morphology, and Experience Downloaded From
Behavioral The official journal of the ISBE Ecology International Society for Behavioral Ecology Behavioral Ecology (2015), 26(2), 617–624. doi:10.1093/beheco/aru240 Original Article The complexity of male reproductive success: effects of nutrition, morphology, and experience Downloaded from Claudia Fricke, Margo I. Adler, Robert C. Brooks, and Russell Bonduriansky Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biological Science Building (D26), University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/ Received 1 July 2014; revised 12 December 2014; accepted 18 December 2014; Advance Access publication 3 February 2015. Many studies have attempted to account for variation in male reproductive success by quantifying a single trait such as an ornament or a behavior, but male reproductive performance may be determined by a number of interacting traits. Although developmental nutri- tion is often a major determinant of adult body size and secondary sexual trait expression, other factors—such as residual shape variation and prior experience—may also exert independent effects on male reproductive success. Here, we studied how male sexual- trait expression, as manipulated by larval diet quality, and experience in direct male–male competition, affected male reproductive success in the sexually dimorphic neriid flyTelostylinus angusticollis. Among competing males matched by body size, individuals with at University of New South Wales on March 29, 2015 relatively longer antennae (used as weapons) were more likely to win and also achieved matings faster. Unexpectedly, males reared on a poor larval diet and those that had previously lost in male–male combat appeared to invest more in some aspects of reproduc- tion as indicated by a longer mating duration and a higher subsequent egg-hatching rate. -
Radiation Induced Sterility to Control Tsetse Flies
RADIATION INDUCED STERILITY TO CONTROL TSETSE FLIES THE EFFECTO F IONISING RADIATIONAN D HYBRIDISATIONO NTSETS E BIOLOGYAN DTH EUS EO FTH ESTERIL E INSECTTECHNIQU E ININTEGRATE DTSETS ECONTRO L Promotor: Dr. J.C. van Lenteren Hoogleraar in de Entomologie in het bijzonder de Oecologie der Insekten Co-promotor: Dr. ir. W. Takken Universitair Docent Medische en Veterinaire Entomologie >M$?ol2.o2]! RADIATION INDUCED STERILITY TO CONTROL TSETSE FLIES THE EFFECTO F IONISING RADIATIONAN D HYBRIDISATIONO NTSETS E BIOLOGYAN DTH EUS EO FTH ESTERIL EINSEC TTECHNIQU E ININTEGRATE DTSETS ECONTRO L Marc J.B. Vreysen PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouw - enmilieuwetenschappe n op gezag van rectormagnificus , Dr. C.M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 19 december 1995 des namiddags te 13.30 uur ind eAul a van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen t^^Q(&5X C IP DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Vreysen, Marc,J.B . Radiation induced sterility to control tsetse flies: the effect of ionising radiation and hybridisation on tsetse biology and the use of the sterile insecttechniqu e inintegrate dtsets e control / Marc J.B. Vreysen ThesisWageninge n -Wit h ref -Wit h summary in Dutch ISBN 90-5485-443-X Copyright 1995 M.J.B.Vreyse n Printed in the Netherlands by Grafisch Bedrijf Ponsen & Looijen BV, Wageningen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without prior written permission by the publisher except inth e case of brief quotations, onth e condition that the source is indicated. -
Medicine in the Wild: Strategies Towards Healthy and Breeding Wildlife Populations in Kenya
Medicine in the Wild: Strategies towards Healthy and Breeding Wildlife Populations in Kenya David Ndeereh, Vincent Obanda, Dominic Mijele, and Francis Gakuya Introduction The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) has a Veterinary and Capture Services Department at its headquarters in Nairobi, and four satellite clinics strategically located in key conservation areas to ensure quick response and effective monitoring of diseases in wildlife. The depart- ment was established in 1990 and has grown from a rudimentary unit to a fully fledged department that is regularly consulted on matters of wildlife health in the eastern Africa region and beyond. It has a staff of 48, comprising 12 veterinarians, 1 ecologist, 1 molecular biologist, 2 animal health technicians, 3 laboratory technicians, 4 drivers, 23 capture rangers, and 2 subordinate staff. The department has been modernizing its operations to meet the ever-evolving challenges in conservation and management of biodiversity. Strategies applied in managing wildlife diseases Rapid and accurate diagnosis of conditions and diseases affecting wildlife is essential for facilitating timely treatment, reducing mortalities, and preventing the spread of disease. This also makes it possible to have an early warning of disease outbreaks, including those that could spread to livestock and humans. Besides reducing the cost of such epidemics, such an approach ensures healthy wildlife populations. The department’s main concern is the direct threat of disease epidemics to the survival and health of all wildlife populations, with emphasis on endangered wildlife populations. Also important are issues relating to public health, livestock production, and rural liveli- hoods, each of which has important consequences for wildlife management. -
A Short Bifunctional Element Operates to Positively Or Negatively Regulate ESAG9 Expression in Different Developmental Forms Of
2294 Research Article A short bifunctional element operates to positively or negatively regulate ESAG9 expression in different developmental forms of Trypanosoma brucei Stephanie L. Monk, Peter Simmonds and Keith R. Matthews* Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Accepted 25 February 2013 Journal of Cell Science 126, 2294–2304 ß 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi: 10.1242/jcs.126011 Summary In their mammalian host trypanosomes generate ‘stumpy’ forms from proliferative ‘slender’ forms as an adaptation for transmission to their tsetse fly vector. This transition is characterised by the repression of many genes while quiescent stumpy forms accumulate during each wave of parasitaemia. However, a subset of genes are upregulated either as an adaptation for transmission or to sustain infection chronicity. Among this group are ESAG9 proteins, whose genes were originally identified as a component of some telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites, although many members of this diverse family are also transcribed elsewhere in the genome. ESAG9 genes are among the most highly regulated genes in transmissible stumpy forms, encoding a group of secreted proteins of cryptic function. To understand their developmental silencing in slender forms and activation in stumpy forms, the post-transcriptional control signals for a well conserved ESAG9 gene have been mapped. This identified a precise RNA sequence element of 34 nucleotides that contributes to gene expression silencing in slender forms but also acts positively, activating gene expression in stumpy forms. -
Patterns and Potential Mechanisms of Thermal Preference in E. Muscae-Infected Drosophila Melanogaster
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 2020 Patterns and potential mechanisms of thermal preference in E. muscae-infected Drosophila melanogaster Aundrea Koger Western Washington University Carolyn Elya Ph.D. Harvard University Jamilla Akhund-Zade Ph.D. Harvard University Benjamin de Bivort Ph.D. Harvard University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Recommended Citation Koger, Aundrea; Elya, Carolyn Ph.D.; Akhund-Zade, Jamilla Ph.D.; and de Bivort, Benjamin Ph.D., "Patterns and potential mechanisms of thermal preference in E. muscae-infected Drosophila melanogaster" (2020). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 406. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/406 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Patterns and potential mechanisms of thermal preference in Entomophthora muscae-infected Drosophila melanogaster 1 2 2 Aundrea Koger , Carolyn Elya, Ph.D. , Jamilla Akhund-Zade, Ph.D. , and Benjamin de Bivort, Ph.D.2 1 2 Honors Program, Western Washington University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Abstract Animals use various strategies to defend against pathogens. Behavioral fever, or fighting infection by moving to warm locations, is seen in many ectotherms. The behavior-manipulating fungal pathogen Entomophthora muscae infects numerous dipterans, including fruit flies and house flies, Musca domestica. House flies have been shown to exhibit robust behavioral fever early after exposure to E. -
Non-Canonical Odor Coding Ensures Unbreakable Mosquito Attraction to Humans
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.07.368720; this version posted November 8, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Non-canonical odor coding ensures unbreakable mosquito attraction to humans Meg A. Younger1,2,7*, Margaret Herre1,2,7*, Alison R. Ehrlich1,4, Zhongyan Gong1,5, Zachary N. Gilbert1, Saher Rahiel1, Benjamin J. Matthews1,3,6, Leslie B. Vosshall1,2,3* SUMMARY Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes show strong innate attraction to humans. This chemosensory behavior is critical to species survival because females require a blood- meal to reproduce. Humans, the preferred host of Ae. aegypti, produce a complex blend of odor cues along with carbon dioxide (CO2) that attracts females ready to bite. Mosquitoes detect these cues with heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels encoded by three different chemosensory receptor gene families. A common theme in other species is that olfactory neurons express a single receptor that defines their chemical specificity and that they ex- tend axons that converge upon dedicated glomeruli in the first sensory processing center in the brain. Such an organization permits the brain to segregate olfactory information and monitor activity of individual glomeruli to interpret what smell has been encountered. We have discovered that Ae. aegypti uses an entirely different organizational principle for its olfactory system. Using genetic strains that label subpopulations of olfactory neurons, we found that many neurons co-express multiple members of at least two of the chemosen- sory receptor families. -
Microarchitecture of the Tsetse Fly Proboscis Wendy Gibson1*, Lori Peacock1,2 and Rachel Hutchinson1
Gibson et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:430 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2367-2 RESEARCH Open Access Microarchitecture of the tsetse fly proboscis Wendy Gibson1*, Lori Peacock1,2 and Rachel Hutchinson1 Abstract Background: Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) are large blood-sucking dipteran flies that are important as vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse anatomy has been well described, including detailed accounts of the functional anatomy of the proboscis for piercing host skin and sucking up blood. The proboscis also serves as the developmental site for the infective metacyclic stages of several species of pathogenic livestock trypanosomes that are inoculated into the host with fly saliva. To understand the physical environment in which these trypanosomes develop, we have re-examined the microarchitecture of the tsetse proboscis. Results: We examined proboscises from male and female flies of Glossina pallidipes using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each proboscis was removed from the fly head and either examined intact or dissected into the three constituent components: Labrum, labium and hypopharynx. Our light and SEM images reaffirm earlier observations that the tsetse proboscis is a formidably armed weapon, well-adapted for piercing skin, and provide comparative data for G. pallidipes. In addition, the images reveal that the hypopharynx, the narrow tube that delivers saliva to the wound site, ends in a remarkably ornate and complex structure with around ten finger-like projections, each adorned with sucker-like protrusions, contradicting previous descriptions that show a simple, bevelled end like a hypodermic needle. The function of the finger-like projections is speculative; they appear to be flexible and may serve to protect the hypopharynx from influx of blood or microorganisms, or control the flow of saliva. -
Independent Pathways Can Transduce the Life-Cycle Differentiation Signal in Trypanosoma Brucei
Independent Pathways Can Transduce the Life-Cycle Differentiation Signal in Trypanosoma brucei Balazs Szo¨ o˝r1*, Naomi A. Dyer2., Irene Ruberto1., Alvaro Acosta-Serrano2,3, Keith R. Matthews1* 1 Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2 Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 3 Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom Abstract African trypanosomes cause disease in humans and livestock, generating significant health and welfare problems throughout sub-Saharan Africa. When ingested in a tsetse fly bloodmeal, trypanosomes must detect their new environment and initiate the developmental responses that ensure transmission. The best-established environmental signal is citrate/cis aconitate (CCA), this being transmitted through a protein phosphorylation cascade involving two phosphatases: one that inhibits differentiation (TbPTP1) and one that activates differentiation (TbPIP39). Other cues have been also proposed (mild acid, trypsin exposure, glucose depletion) but their physiological relevance and relationship to TbPTP1/TbPIP39 signalling is unknown. Here we demonstrate that mild acid and CCA operate through TbPIP39 phosphorylation, whereas trypsin attack of the parasite surface uses an alternative pathway that is dispensable in tsetse flies. Surprisingly, glucose depletion is not an important signal. Mechanistic analysis through biophysical methods suggests that citrate promotes differentiation by causing TbPTP1 and TbPIP39 to interact. Citation: Szo¨o˝r B, Dyer NA, Ruberto I, Acosta-Serrano A, Matthews KR (2013) Independent Pathways Can Transduce the Life-Cycle Differentiation Signal in Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Pathog 9(10): e1003689. -
Tsetse Fly Evolution, Genetics and the Trypanosomiases - a Review E
Entomology Publications Entomology 10-2018 Tsetse fly evolution, genetics and the trypanosomiases - A review E. S. Krafsur Iowa State University, [email protected] Ian Maudlin The University of Edinburgh Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, Genetics Commons, and the Parasitic Diseases Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/546. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tsetse fly evolution, genetics and the trypanosomiases - A review Abstract This reviews work published since 2007. Relative efforts devoted to the agents of African trypanosomiasis and their tsetse fly vectors are given by the numbers of PubMed accessions. In the last 10 years PubMed citations number 3457 for Trypanosoma brucei and 769 for Glossina. The development of simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms afford much higher resolution of Glossina and Trypanosoma population structures than heretofore. Even greater resolution is offered by partial and whole genome sequencing. Reproduction in T. brucei sensu lato is principally clonal although genetic recombination in tsetse salivary glands has been demonstrated in T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense but not in T. b. -
WEST NILE VIRUS ABOUT ASM Faqs STEERING COMMITTEE: Nicholas Komar, S.D
A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MICROBIOLOGY WEST NILE VIRUS ABOUT ASM FAQs STEERING COMMITTEE: Nicholas Komar, S.D. Centers for Disease The American Academy of Microbiology Michael S. Diamond, Control and Prevention M.D., Ph.D. is the honorific branch of the American Washington University, Laura Kramer, Ph.D. Society for Microbiology, a non-profit School of Medicine Wadsworth Center, New York scientific society with almost 40,000 State Department of Health; members. Fellows of the AAM have been Adolfo Garcia Sastre, Ph.D. and School of Public elected by their peers in recognition of The Icahn School of Health, State University their outstanding contributions to the field Medicine at Mount Sinai of New York at Albany of microbiology. Through its colloquium program, the AAM draws on the expertise Lyle R. Petersen, M.D., M.P.H. Jean Lim, Ph.D. of these fellows to address critical issues Centers for Disease The Icahn School of Control and Prevention Medicine at Mount Sinai in microbiology. Ken Tyler, M.D. Mark Loeb, M.D. FAQ reports are based on the University of Colorado, McMaster University deliberations of 15-20 expert scientists School of Medicine, who gather for a day to develop Department of Neurology Christian Mandl, M.D. science-based answers to questions Novartis Vaccines the public might have about topics in and Diagnostics microbiology. The reports are reviewed PARTICIPANTS: John Morrey, Ph.D. by all participants, and by outside experts, Utah State University and every effort is made to ensure that Alan D. Barrett, Ph.D. the information is accurate and complete. -
ESA 2 0 14 9-12 March 2014 Des Moines, Iowa 2014 NCB-ESA Corporate Sponsors CONTENTS
NCB ESA 2 0 14 9-12 March 2014 Des Moines, Iowa 2014 NCB-ESA Corporate Sponsors CONTENTS Meeting Logistics ....................................................1 2014 NCB-ESA Officers and Committees .................5 2014 Award Recipients ...........................................7 Sunday, 9 March 2014 At-a-Glance ..................................................18 Afternoon .....................................................19 Monday, 10 March 2014 At-a-Glance ..................................................23 Posters .........................................................25 Morning .......................................................30 Afternoon .....................................................35 Tuesday, 11 March 2014 At-a-Glance ..................................................45 Posters .........................................................47 Morning .......................................................51 Afternoon .....................................................55 Wednesday, 12 March 2014 At-a-Glance ..................................................60 Morning .......................................................61 Author Index ........................................................67 Scientific Name Index ...........................................77 Keyword Index ......................................................82 Common Name Index ...........................................83 Map of Meeting Facilities ..............inside back cover i MEETING LOGISTICS Registration All participants must register -
Milkweeds a Conservation Practitioner’S Guide
Milkweeds A Conservation Practitioner’s Guide Plant Ecology, Seed Production Methods, and Habitat Restoration Opportunities Brianna Borders and Eric Lee-Mäder The Xerces Society FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation 1 MILKWEEDS A Conservation Practitioner's Guide Brianna Borders Eric Lee-Mäder The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Oregon • California • Minnesota • Nebraska North Carolina • New Jersey • Texas www.xerces.org Protecting the Life that Sustains Us The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation is a nonprofit organization that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat. Established in 1971, the Society is at the forefront of invertebrate protection, harnessing the knowledge of scientists and the enthusiasm of citizens to implement conservation programs worldwide. The Society uses advocacy, education, and applied research to promote invertebrate conservation. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation 628 NE Broadway, Suite 200, Portland, OR 97232 Tel (855) 232-6639 Fax (503) 233-6794 www.xerces.org Regional offices in California, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Texas. The Xerces Society is an equal opportunity employer and provider. © 2014 by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Acknowledgements Funding for this report was provided by a national USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant, The Monarch Joint Venture, The Hind Foundation, SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, The Elizabeth Ordway Dunn Foundation, The William H. and Mattie Wat- tis Harris Foundation, The CERES Foundation, Turner Foundation Inc., The McCune Charitable Founda- tion, and Xerces Society members. Thank you. For a full list of acknowledgements, including project partners and document reviewers, please see the Acknowledgements section on page 113.