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Semina: Ciências Agrárias ISSN: 1676-546X [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brasil Vilani, Andréia; Lozano, Everton Ricardi; Potrich, Michele; Angeli Alves, Luis Francisco; Martins Costa Maia, Fabiana; Dall Agnol de Lima, Jackeline; de Gouvea, Alfredo Activity of plant aqueous extracts on Bacillus thuringiensis and their interactions on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebinae) Semina: Ciências Agrárias, vol. 38, núm. 2, marzo-abril, 2017, pp. 1051-1057 Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=445750711044 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative COMUNICAÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS/SHORT COMMUNICATIONS DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p1051 Activity of plant aqueous extracts on Bacillus thuringiensis and their interactions on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebinae) Atividade de extratos vegetais aquosos sobre Bacillus thuringiensis e a interação destes sobre Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: AGRONOMIA Erebinae) Andréia Vilani 1; Everton Ricardi Lozano 2* ; Michele Potrich 2; Luis Francisco Angeli Alves 3; Fabiana Martins Costa Maia 2; Jackeline Dall Agnol de Lima 4; Alfredo de Gouvea 2 Abstract The association of plant extracts and B. thuringiensis may be important in situations that control of dierent insects species is required and/or control of insects in various development stages. However, extracts may have dierent eects on B. thuringiensis , compromising their mode of action. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous plant extracts on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) and their interactions on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebinae). Cherry plant extracts ( Eugenia uniora ), pepper ( Capsicum baccatum ), trumpet ( Brugmansia suaveolens ) and grape japan ( Hovenia dulcis ), were used at 5% concentrations. For compatibility studies, the extracts were mixed with Thuricide ® (Btk) and the parameters evaluated were Colony Formation Units (CFU mL -1 ) for spores and, the A. gemmatalis mortality for crystals. The cherry extracts, pepper, and japan grape completely inhibited the CFU ml -1 of Btk and the cherry extract alone negatively aected the toxicity of Btk crystals, with signicantly lower mortality of A. gemmatalis (20.40%) than that observed in the control with only Btk (79.44%). In the association between cherry, pepper, and grape japan extracts with B. thuringiensis, the extracts exhibited a negative eect in the formation of CFU. The cherry extract demonstrated a negative eect on crystals action. Key words : Entomopathogenic bacteria. Associated control. Botanical extracts. Resumo A associação de extratos vegetais e B. thuringiensis pode ser importante em situações que em que se necessite controlar diferentes espécies de insetos-praga e ou insetos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. No entanto, os extratos podem apresentar diferentes efeitos sobre B. thuringiensis, comprometendo o seu modo de ação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais aquosos sobre Bacillus thuringiensis subesp. kurstaki (Btk) e a interação destes sobre Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebinae). Foram utilizados extratos vegetais aquosos de pitanga ( Eugenia 1 M.e em Agronomia, Produção Vegetal, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, UTFPR, Campus Pato Branco, PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Profs. Drs., UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] ; fabeezoo@ gmail.com ; [email protected] 3 Prof. Dr., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Campus Cascavel, PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Discente, Curso de Zootecnia, Bolsista Programa de Educação Tutorial, PET, Fundo Nacional da Educação, FNDE, Campus Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence Received: Oct. 21, 2015 - Approved: Dec. 02, 2016 1051 Sein: Cinci Arri, ondrin, v. 38, n. 2, p. 1051-1058, r./r. 2017 ini, A. et . uniora ), pimenta ( Capsicum baccatum ), trombeta ( Brugmansia suaveolens ) e uva-do-japão ( Hovenia dulcis ), na concentração de 5%. Para estudar a comaptiilidade a B. thuringiensis , os extratos foram misturados com Thuricide ® (Btk) e, os parâmetros avaliados foram unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC mL -1 ) para esporos e, para cristais, a mortalidade de A. gemmatalis . Os extratos de pitanga, pimenta e uva-do-japão inibiram totalmente a formação de UFC mL -1 de Btk e, apenas o extrato de pitanga afetou negativamente a toxicidade dos cristais de Btk, com redução signicativa da mortalidade de A. gemmatalis (20,40%), em relação à testemunha Btk (79,44%). Na associação entre os extratos de pitanga, pimenta e uva-do-japão com B. thuringiensis estes interferem negativamente na formação de UFC e o extrato de pitanga apresenta efeito negativo para a ação dos cristais. Palavras-chave : Bactéria entomopatogênica. Controle associado. Extratos botânicos. Applied biological control with the use of on the insect pest, promoting high susceptible, to entomopathogenic bacteria, mainly Bacillus B. thuringiensis resulting in faster action of the thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillaceae) and the use pathogen or increasing insect mortality. of natural products such as plant extracts should The association of the of B. thuringiensis with be investigated for the control of insect pests, cypress extract, Taxodium distichum L. Rich especially in alternative production systems. In (Taxodiaceae) increased virulence of the bacteria on general, the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insects of stored grains (SABBOUR, 2003). is dependent on the action of the spores and crystals in insects gut cells. It takes into account The Myrtaceae and Solanaceae families stand out the solubilization steps of the crystal protein, the among the plants with insecticide potential due to the protease action in the activation of endotoxin and presence of alkaloids and limonoids, respectively, in binding of toxins activated to specic receptors in their compounds, which have been known to have the of insect midgut. insecticidal eects. There are reports of Eugenia uniora L (Myrtaceae) possessing compounds with The secondary metabolites present in plants, insecticidal activity for the diamondback moth among their other functions, can act as defensive Plutella xylostella L. (Lep: Plutellidae) (TORRES agents against pathogens and herbivores attack, et al., 2001) and Coleoptera (DEQUECH et al., particularly insects (ISMAN, 2006) and may have 2008). In addition, there are records of compounds acute and chronic insecticide eects, deterrence and from Solanaceae species of the genera Capsicum repellence action, among others. with insecticidal eects on Coleoptera (DEQUECH Bacillus thuringiensis may be used alone or et al., 2008) and Brugmansia genera on Haematobia associated with plant extracts for the control of insect irritans L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (CARRILLO et al., pests (SILVA et al., 2012.). This association can 2011). be important, especially in situations that required Taking this into account and considering that the control of dierent insects species and/or in various type and concentration of secondary metabolites development stages. The association of plant extracts may vary according to species and plant tissues and B. thuringiensis may be synergistic, indierent, used, the form of compounds extraction, the or antagonistic. In the case of antagonism, chemicals species and the target insect stage, studies aimed can negatively aect entomopathogens, inhibiting at the interaction of these with B. thuringiensis are vegetative growth and sporulation or even causing important for the improvement and or development genetic mutations resulting in virulence decreased of insect pest control strategies. Thus, the objective of the specic pests (ALVES et al., 1998). In turn, of this study was to evaluate the eect of aqueous the synergistic interaction can cause a stressor eect plant extracts on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. 1052 Sein: Cinci Arri, ondrin, v. 38, n. 2, p. 1051-1058, r./r. 2017 Activit o pnt eo etrct on Bacillus thuringiensis nd t eir interction on Anticarsia gemmatalis epidopter: ... kurstaki and the interaction of these on Anticarsia at the concentration of 4.1 × 10 5 spores mL -1 was gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebinae). prepared in sterile distilled water. Aliquots of 300 µL of this suspension were added to Erlenmeyer The bacteria used was Bacillus thuringiensis asks containing 50 mL of 5% plant extract. subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 strain (30-52 × 10 6 viable Four replicates were prepared for each extract in spores mg -1 ), formulated in the commercial product Erlenmeyer asks (replicate seats) and placed in a Thuricide ® WP (32 g kg 1). The insect used as horizontal shaker (30 ± 2 °C, 150 rpm for 2 h). The an indicator of the interaction was Anticarsia suspension pH was measured before and at the end gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebinae), of the incubation. The mixture from each ask was obtained from those reared at the Biological Control inoculated at ve points in two Petri dishes. Each of Laboratory of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal the ve inoculations in each Petri dish consisted of do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV). 5 µL of the mixture
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  • Pine Barrens Zale

    Pine Barrens Zale

    Natural Heritage Pine Barrens Zale & Endangered Species Zale lunifera Program State Status: Special Concern www.mass.gov/nhesp Federal Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife DESCRIPTION: The Pine Barrens Zale (Zale lunifera) is an erebid moth with a wingspan of 30-34 mm. The forewing is mottled with pale and dark grays, paler in the subterminal area and between the median area and the antemedial line, darker between the subterminal area and the median area and in the basal area. The brownish-black postmedial line is relatively thin and waved; the brown to brownish-black antemedial line is thicker, also waved. A brownish-black apical dash may be present. The yellowish-brown reniform spot is narrow and elongate, the black orbicular spot small and round. The hind wing is banded with pale and dark brownish-grays; a faint discal spot may be present. The head and thorax is mottled with shades of gray and brown matching those on the forewing, and the abdomen is brownish-gray, similar in color to the Zale lunifera ▪ Specimen from MA: Plymouth Co., Plymouth, collected hind wing. The very similar Intent Zale (Zale intenta) is 10 Jun 2003 by M.W. Nelson slightly larger than the Pine Barrens Zale, often with a more striate wing pattern; the forewing antemedial line is Adult Flight Period in Massachusetts less wavy, and the orbicular spot faint or absent (Schmidt Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010). Genitalic dissection may be necessary for definitive identification. LIFE HISTORY: In Massachusetts, adult Pine Barrens HABITAT: In Massachusetts, the Pine Barrens Zale Zale moths fly from mid-May to late June.
  • A Review of the Higher Classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with Special Reference to the Holarctic Fauna

    A Review of the Higher Classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with Special Reference to the Holarctic Fauna

    Esperiana Buchreihe zur Entomologie Bd. 11: 7-92 Schwanfeld, 29. Juni 2005 ISBN 3-938249-01-3 A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna Michael FIBIGER and J. Donald LAFONTAINE Abstract The higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Oenosandridae, Doidae, Notodontidae, Strepsimanidae, Nolidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Erebidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae) is reviewed from the perspective of the classification proposed by KITCHING and RAWLINS (1998). Several taxa are reinstated, described as new, synonymised, or redescribed. Some characters that have been inadequately described, poorly understood, or misinterpreted, are redescribed and discussed. One family, two subfamilies, four tribes, and three subtribes are proposed as new. Available family-group names of Noctuoidea are listed in an appendix. Introduction Since 1991 the authors have worked towards a trans-Atlantic / trans-Beringian understanding or agreement between the two sometimes quite incongruent classifications of the Noctuidae used in North America and Eurasia. The necessity to push this work forward and publish our results to date has been precipitated by the need for a new European check list, for the book series Noctuidae Europaeae, and for use in fascicles in the ”Moths of North America (MONA)” book series in North America. When Hermann HACKER and the senior author decided to publish a new systematic list for the Noctuoidea in Europe, we agreed to write this review paper as a supplement to the European