Larry R. Gurchiek University of South Alabama Health, Physical Education & Leisure Studies (251)-461-1615 Email: [email protected]

Education

DA, Middle Tennessee State University, 1993. Major: Physical Education Pedagogy

MS, Indiana State University, 1984. Major: Physical Education/Athletic Training

MS, Indiana State University, 1981. Major: Recreation Adult Fitness Programs Supporting Areas of Emphasis: Physical Education

BS, Indiana State University, 1975. Major: Therapeutic Recreation Supporting Areas of Emphasis: Physical Education

Licensures and Certifications

Licensed Athletic Trainer, Alabama Board of Athletic Trainers. (July 20, 1994 - Present).

Certified Athletic Trainer, National Athletic Trainer's Association Board of Certification. (February 24, 1984 - Present).

Professional Memberships

Committee Member, Research and Education Committee, Athletic Trainer's Association of Florida. (October 1, 2015 - Present).

Alabama Athletic Trainers Association. (September 1, 1993 - Present).

Southeast Athletic Trainer's Association. (July 1984 - Present).

American College of Sports Medicine. (September 1, 1982 - Present).

National Athletic Trainer's Association. (January 1982 - Present).

American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance. (January 1, 1993 - December 31, 2013).

American Association for Health Education. (January 1, 1993 - December 31, 2013).

National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (January 1, 1993 - December 31, 2013).

Development Activities Attended

Conference Attendance, "NATA Annual Symposium," Saint Louis, MO. (June 23, 2015 - June 26, 2015).

Conference Attendance, "SEATA Symposium," Southeast Athletic Trainer's Association, Atlanta, GA. (March 13, 2015 - March 15, 2015).

Conference Attendance, "NATA Annual Symposium," National Athletic Trainers Associateion. (June 2014).

Conference Attendance, "SEATA," Southeast Athletic Trainer's Association, Atlanta, GA. (March 14, 2014 - March 16, 2014).

NCATE Recency, "Visit with Duston Higgins," Bryant HS MCPS, Mobile, AL. (January 16, 2014).

NCATE Recency, "Visit with Mike Ford," Theodore HS MCPS, Mobile, AL. (January 16, 2014).

NCATE Recency, "Visit Coach Delvin Powell," Davidson HS MCPS, Mobile, AL. (August 28, 2013).

NCATE Recency, "Visit with Marcus Johnson," MGM HS MCPS, Mobile, AL. (August 28, 2013).

Conference Attendance, "NATA Symopsium," National Athletic Trainer's Association, Las Vegas, NV. (June 24, 2013 - June 27, 2013).

NCATE Recency, "Shadow Health and Athletic Training Teachers," MCPS Baker High School, Mobile, AL. (April 11, 2013).

NCATE Recency, "Program Meeting with Coach Delvin Powell," MCPS Davidson High School, Mobile. (February 5, 2013).

NCATE Recency, "High School Health Teacher Consultation," Saraland High School, Saraland, AL, USA. (January 31, 2013).

NCATE Recency, "Program Meeting with P-12 Colleagues," MCPS MGM High School Health Education, Mobile, AL. (January 24, 2013).

Workshop, "SAKAI Certification Workshop," USA, Mobile, AL. (December 2012).

NCATE Recency, "Shadow Mrs. Powell Health Classes," Saraland High School, Saraland, Alabama. (November 29, 2012).

NCATE Recency, "High School Health Teacher Consultation," MCPS Baker High School, Mobile, AL, USA. (November 27, 2012).

Conference Attendance, "NATA Annual Meeting and Clinical Symposium," National Athletic Trainer's Association, Saint Louis, MO, USA. (June 26, 2012 - June 29, 2012).

NCATE Recency, "High School Health Teacher Consultations," MCPS and Saraland. (January 2012 - April 2012).

NCATE Recency, "Mike Ford High School Helath Teacher Consultation," MCPS Theodore High School, Mobile, AL. (January 2012 - April 2012).

NCATE Recency, "Shadowed Health and Athletic Training Teacher," MCPS Baker High School, Mobile, AL. (January 2012 - April 2012).

NCATE Recency, "Middle School Health Education Consultaion," MCPS - Phillips Middle School, Mobile, AL. (September 2011 - April 2012).

Conference Attendance, "SEATA Annual Symposium," Southeast Athletic Trainer's Association, Atlanta, GA. (March 16, 2012 - March 18, 2012).

NCATE Recency, "High School Health Teacher Consultations," Mobile County and Saraland Schools, Mobile and Saraland, Alabama. (August 2011 - December 2011).

NCATE Recency, "Shadowed High School Health Teacher," MCPS Baker High School, Mobile, AL. (August 2011 - December 2011).

Conference Attendance, "NATA Annual Meeting and Clinical Symposium," National Athletic Trainer's Association, New Orleans, LA. (June 19, 2011 - June 22, 2011).

Awards and Honors

Top Prof Award, USA Motor Board. (November 1, 2011).

Top Prof Award, USA Motor Board. (March 2011).

Teaching Experience

University of South Alabama HPE 506, Physical Education Curriculum, 1 course. HPE 572, Applic of Biomech Concepts, 8 courses. HPE 594, Dir St and Research -, 5 courses. HPE 595, Internship in Health and PE, 3 courses. HS 170, First Aid, 3 courses. HS 429, School Lab Experiences-Health, 13 courses. HS 460, Methods in Health Ed - W, 13 courses. PE 100, Concepts of Health and Fitness, 7 courses. PE 102, Weight Training, 2 courses. PE 120, Tennis - Basic, 1 course. PE 145, Jogging, 1 course. PE 147, Racquetball, 1 course. PE 282, Intro Athletic Training, 19 courses. PE 296, Observ Athletic Training I, 7 courses. PE 380, Kinesiology, 30 courses. PE 460, Student Teaching - SED, 6 courses. PE 482, Advanced Athletic Training, 17 courses. PE 494, Dir St in HPELS, 2 courses. PE 495, Internship in HPELS, 2 courses.

Directed Student Learning

Directed Individual/Independent Study, "Worksheets and Problems for Application of Biomechanical Concepts," Health, Physical Education & Leisure Studies. (January 15, 2014 - October 5, 2015). Advised: Zach Jones

Dissertation Committee Member, "Associations of the NSCA Minimal Standards for Muscular Fitness and Balance and Performance of High-Intensity Plyometrics in NCAA College Athletes," Health, Physical Education & Leisure Studies. (February 2012 - December 2012). Advised: Gisli Palsson

Directed Individual/Independent Study, "Media Developent to Assist with the Study of Human Movement," Health, Physical Education & Leisure Studies. (May 29, 2012 - July 23, 2012). Advised: Lauren Lyles

RESEARCH

Published Intellectual Contributions

Refereed Journal Articles

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M., Liu, W., Pearsall, A. W. (2014). Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex After Lateral Ligamentous Injury, Part I: A Laboratory Comparison Using Arthrometric Measurement. Journal of Athletic Training, 49(2), 192-197. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568232

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M., Liu, W., Pearsall, A. W. (2014). Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex in Female Athletes With Histories of Lateral Ankle Sprain, Part II: Clinical Experience Using Arthrometric Measurement. Journal of Athletic Training, 49(2), 198-203. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568223

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R. (in press). Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex after Lateral Ligamentous Injury Part I: A Laboratory Comparison. Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R. (in press). Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex in Women athletes with a History of Lateral Ankle Sprain: Part II. Journal of Athletic Training.

Keshock, C. M., Holbrook, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R. (2011). Selecting assistant coaches: A standards based human research approach. Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics Annual, 26, 120-148.

Conference Proceedings

Kovaleski, J. E., Liu, W., Wilt, M. J., Hoppmann, P. D., Tygielski, C. M., Gurchiek, L. R. (2014). DOES TYPE OF ANKLE BRACE AFFECT PERFORMANCE IN JUMPING AND JUMP PHASE GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LOADING RATES?. National Strength and Conditioning Association.

Kovaleski, J. E., Palsson, G., Schwind, J. J., Mitchell, S. M., Liu, W., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J. (2013). Investigation of the NSCA minimal readiness standards for muscular fitness, balance and performance of plyometric exercise in college athletes. National Strength & Conditioning Association.

Journal Articles

Schwarz, N. A., Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Gubler-Hanna, C. (2011). Arthrometric measurement of ankle-complex motion: Normative values. Journal of Athletic Training, 46(1), 121-130.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Pugh, S. F. (2009). Improved transfer effects on Biodex Balance System. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 1(2), 1-5.

Pearsall, A. W., Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M. (2006). The relationship between instrumented measurements of ankle and knee ligamentous laxity and generalized joint laxity. The Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(1), 104-110.

Kovaleski, J. E., Hollis, M., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Pearsall, A. W. (2002). Assessment of Ankle-Subtalar-Joint-Complex Laxity Using an Instrumented Ankle Arthrometer: An Experimental Cadaveric Investigation. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4), 467-474.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Andrew, D., Gurchiek, L. R., Pearsall, A. W. (2001). Relationship between closed-linear-kinetic and open-kinetic-chain isokinetic strength and Lower Extremity Functional Performance. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 10(3), 196-204.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., Hollis, M., Pearsall, A. W. (1999). Instrumented measurement of anterior-posterior and inversion-eversion laxity of the normal ankle joint complex. Foot and Ankle International, 120(12), 808-814.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R. (1999). Reliability and Effects of Arm Dominance on the Upper Extremity Isokinetic force, work, and power using the closed chain rider system. Journal of Athletic Training, 34(4), 358-361.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Trundle, T. A. (1998). Reliability and effects of leg Dominance on lower extremity isokinetic force and work using the closed chain rider system. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 6(4), 319-326.

Heitman, R. J., Erdman, J., Gurchiek, L. R., Kovaleski, J. E., Gilley, W. (1997). Constant versus variable practice in learning a motor task using individuals with learning disabilities. Journal of Clinical Kinesiology, 52(3), 62-65.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R. (1997). Isokinetic eccentric strength of the ankle evertors after injury. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 258.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., McBryde, A., Heitman, R. J. (1996). Isokinetic eccentric strength of the peroneal muscle after recurrent ankle inversion injury. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(5 (supplement)), 64.

Other

Kovaleski, J. E., Botsis, A. E., Gurchiek, L. R. (2015). Effects of kinesio® taping on ankle complex stability and dynamic postural control in female ballet dancers (vol. 49, pp. A13). British Journal of Sports Medicine. bjsm.bmj.com/search?submit=yes&tocsectionid=Posters&volume=49&issue=Suppl %201

Kovaleski, J. E., Hoppman, P. D., Tygielski, C. M., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, M. (2014). JUMP GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LOADING RATES ASSOCIATED WITH BRACE SUPPORT IN ANKLE COMPLEX STABILITY (3rd ed., vol. 49, pp. S184). Journal of Athletic Training. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.s1

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., Liu, W., Mitchell, S. M., Hollis, M. (2013). The effects of load range and brace support in ankle complex stability (3rd ed., vol. 48, pp. S135-136). Journal of Athletic Training. www.natajournals.org

Holden, S. L., Keshock, C. M., Norrell, P. M., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J. (2013). Dominant energy system influence on burnout in collegiate female athletes (1st ed., vol. 84, pp. 71). Reston, VA: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M. (2013). EVIDENCE FOR A CURVILINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF LATERAL ANKLE SPRAINS AND ANKLE COMPLEX LAXITY (3rd ed., vol. 43, pp. A24). Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., Liu, W., Hollis, J. M. (2012). Influence Of Ankle Flexion Angle On Brace Support Of The Ankle-Complex (3rd ed., vol. 47, pp. S71-72). Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., Liu, W., Hollis, J. M., Cordova, M. L. (2012). The Three-Dimensional Passive Support Characteristics Of Ankle Braces On Combined Talocrural-Subtalar Joint Motions (5th ed., vol. 44, pp. S447). Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercises.

Gurchiek, L. R., Kovaleski, J. E., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J. (2011). The stabilizing effect of soft shell ankle bracing on combined talocrural-subtalar joint motions (3rd ed., vol. 46, pp. 112). Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J. (2011). Development of a new motorized ankle tester and its use in the effectiveness of bracing (3rd ed., vol. 46, pp. S113). Journal of Athletic Training.

Heitman, R. J., Kovaleski, J. E., Gilley, W. F., Gurchiek, L. R. (2009). Application of Generalizability Theory in estimating the reliability of ankle-complex laxity measurements (2nd ed., vol. 41, pp. 17). Journal of Athletic Training.

Pugh, S. F., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Scaffidi, F. M., Chilton, T. (2008). Effects of a health and fitness class on attitude change toward health and fitness in undergraduate males and females. Sapporo, Japan: AIESEP World Congress.

Kovaleski, J. E., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Pearsall, A. W. (2004). Biomechanical analysis of stiffness and laxity of the ankle: Diagnosing later ligament injuries (2nd ed., vol. 39, pp. 7). Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Hollis, M., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Pearsall, A. W. (2002). Instrumented Measurement of Ankle Joint Complex Laxity Following Simulated Lateral Ankle Ligamentous Injury (vol. 3, pp. 93). Journal of Athletic Training.

Pearsall, A. W., Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, M. (2000). Differences in Ankle Joint Complex Laxity (5th ed., vol. 32 #1433 , pp. 289). Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, M., Pearsall, A. W. (2000). Laxity Differences in the Injured and Uninjured Ankle joint Complex using an Instrumented Arthrometer (5 (supplement) ed., vol. 32 #1432, pp. 289). Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Andrew, D., Gurchiek, L. R., Pearsall, A. W. (2000). Correlation of Isokinetic closed and open chain strength measurements with functional performance (2 (supplement) ed., vol. 35, pp. 79). Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., Hollis, M., Pearsall, A. W. (1999). Assessment of Normal ankle Laxity: Instrumented measurement of displacement and rotation (5 (supplement) ed., vol. 31 #600, pp. 145). Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R. (1997). Recurrent Ankle Injury and Eccentric Strength (pp. 46). USA Research form Programs and Abstracts.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Buchanan, S. (1996). Reliability and Effects of limb dominance on isokinetic torque and work using the closed chain rider (2nd ed., vol. 32, pp. 12-13). Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J. (1996). Reliability of a closed chain isokinetic exercise machine (2nd ed., vol. 31, pp. 7). Journal of Athletic Training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R. (1995). Isokinetic Eccentric Strength of the Peroneal Muscles after Recurrent Ankle Inversion Injury (5th ed., vol. 28, pp. 379). Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

Presentations Given

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Botsis, A. E. (Author), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), International Ankle Symposium, "Effects of kinesio® taping on ankle complex stability and dynamic postural control in female ballet dancers," International Ankle Consortium, Dublin, Ireland. (October 17, 2015).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Liu, W. (Author), Wilt, M. J. (Author), Hoppmann, P. D. (Author), Tygielski, C. M. (Author), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), 2014 NSCA NATIONAL CONFERENCE, "DOES TYPE OF ANKLE BRACE AFFECT PERFORMANCE IN JUMPING AND JUMP PHASE GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LOADING RATES?," National Strength and Conditioning Association, Las Vegas, NV. (July 11, 2014).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Wilt, M. J. (Author), Hoppmann, P. D. (Author), Tygielski, C. M. (Author), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), Hollis, M. (Author), 2014 NATA Annual Meeting & Clinical Symposium, "JUMP GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LOADING RATES ASSOCIATED WITH BRACE SUPPORT IN ANKLE COMPLEX STABILITY," National Athletic Trainers Association, Indianapolis, Indiana. (June 26, 2014).

Pugh, S. F. (Author & Presenter), Heitman, R. J. (Author), Kovaleski, J. E. (Author), Holden, S. L. (Author & Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, "BMI, Mechanical and Strength Relationships to Dynamic Balance," AAHPERD, Saint Louis, MO. (April 3, 2014).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Palsson, G. (Author), Schwind, J. J. (Author), Mitchell, S. M. (Author), Liu, W. (Author), Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., 2013 NSCA National Conference, "Investigation of the NSCA minimal readiness standards for muscular fitness, balance and performance of plyometric exercise in college athletes," National Strength & Conditioning Association, Las Vegas, NV. (July 13, 2013).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), Heitman, R. J. (Author), Liu, W. (Author), Mitchell, S. M. (Author), Marcus, H. (Author), NATA Annual Meeting & Clinical Symposium, "The Effects of Load Range and Brace Support in Ankle Complex Stability," National Athletic Trainers Association, las Vegas, NV. (June 27, 2013).

Holden, S. L. (Author & Presenter), Keshock, C. M. (Author), Norrell, P. M. (Author), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), Heitman, R. J. (Author), AAHPERD National Conference, "Dominant Energy System Influence on Burnout in Collegiate Female Athletes," AAHPERD, Charlotte, NC. (April 25, 2013).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author & Presenter), Heitman, R. J., Hollis, J. M., 5th International Ankle Symposium, "Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between number of lateral ankle sprains and ankle complex laxity," The International Ankle Society, Lexington, KY. (October 18, 2012).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), Liu, W. (Author), Heitman, R. J. (Author), National Athletic Trainers Association Annual Symposium, "Influence of ankle flexion angle on brace support of the ankle complex," NATA, St. Louis, MS. (June 29, 2012).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Author & Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R. (Author), Liu, W. (Author), Heitman, R. J., American College of Sports Medicine Annual Symposium, "The three-dimensional passive support characteristics of ankle braces on combined talocrural-subtalar joint motions," ACSM, San Francisco, CA. (May 31, 2012).

Gurchiek, L. R. (Presenter), Kovaleski, J. E., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J., National Athletic Trainers Association Annual Meeting, "The stabilizing effect of soft shell ankle bracing on combined talocrural-subtalar joint motions," NATA, New Orleans LA. (June 22, 2011).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J., National Athletic Trainers Association Annual Symposium, "Development of a new motorized ankle tester and its use in the measurement of the effectiveness of bracing," National Athletic Trainers Association, New Orleans, LA. (June 20, 2011).

Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J., Kovaleski, J. E., University of South Alabama's 18th Annual Research Forum, "Development of a new motorized ankle tester and its use in the measurement of the effectiveness of Bracing," USA, Mobile, Alabama. (April 2011).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Presenter), Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J., 36th Annual SEATA Clinical Symposium & Members Meeting, "Development of a new motorized ankle tester and its use in the measurement of the effectiveness of bracing," Southeast Athletic Trainers' Association, Atlanta, Georgia. (March 12, 2011).

Gurchiek, L. R. (Presenter), Kovaleski, J. E., Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J., 36th Annual SEATA Clinical Symposium & Members Meeting, "The stabilizing effect of soft shell ankle bracing on combined talocrural-subtalar joint motions," Southeast Athletic Trainers' Association, Atlanta, Georgia. (March 12, 2011).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Presenter), Schwarz, N. A., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Hollis, J. M., 35th Annual SEATA Clinical Symposium and Members Meeting, "Reliability of one-way and total laxity measurements of the ankle complex derived from an ankle arthrometer," Southeast Association of Athletic Trainers, Panama City, Florida. (March 19, 2010).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Presenter), Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Southeast Athletic Trainers Association, "Instrumented measurement of the effects of lateral ankle sprain on mechanical characteristics of the ankle-complex in female college athletes," SEATA, Nashville, TN. (February 29, 2008).

Pugh, S. F., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., Scaffidi, F. M., Chilton, T., AIESEP 2008 World Congress, "Effects of a health and fitness class on attitude change toward health and fitness in undergraduate males and females," AIESEP, Sapporo, Japan. (January 23, 2008).

Heitman, R. J., Kovaleski, J. E., Gilley, W. F., Gurchiek, L. R., National Athletic Trainers Association Annual meeting, "Application of generalizability theory in estimating the reliability of ankle measurements," NATA, Atlanta, GA. (June 2006).

Kovaleski, J. E. (Presenter), Hollis, J. M., Heitman, R. J., Gurchiek, L. R., 2nd International Ankle Symposium, "The effect of load range and lateral ligament sectioning on stiffness and laxity of the ankle-subtalar joint complex," International Ankle Symposium, Newark, DE. (October 16, 2004).

Intellectual Contributions in Submission

Refereed Journal Articles

Mitchell, B. A., Holden, S. L., Forester, B. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J. Nutritional education intervention and the effects on nutritional knowledge of male college athletes. Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics Annual.

Pugh, S. F., Heitman, R. J., Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Holden, S. L. Application of generalizability theory in estimating the reliability of the Biodex Balance System. Journal of Perceptual & Motor Skills. amsci.edmgr.com/

Research Currently in Progress

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Tygielski, C. M. "DOES TYPE OF ANKLE BRACE AFFECT PERFORMANCE IN JUMPING TESTS AND JUMP PHASE GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LOADING RATES?" (On-Going) Biomechanical study of ankle bracing during specific movements such as jumping is necessary to clarify the effects of wearing a brace on performance. A different type of bracing may have a different degree of influence based on design and brace material. Previous research involving the effects of ankle bracing on jump performance primarily focused on the lace-up style brace and changes in standing vertical jump height. Results indicate that bracing does not meaningfully restrict height obtained during controlled vertical jumping, however outcomes from some of these studies have been inconclusive. Other functional jumping tasks and biomechanical measures could show if and how bracing affects performance. No comprehensive analysis of performance in repetitive jumping tasks and jump phase ground reaction forces (GRFv) and loading rates associated with various brace types has been reported. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of ankle brace support on jump performance and jump phase ground reaction forces and loading rates.

METHODS: Twenty athletes (21.7±1.2 years, 80.9±17.5 kg, 174.8±9.8 cm) participated in randomized ankle support trials consisting of no brace and braced ankles (soft-shell [Zoom™]; lace-up [ASO™]; semi-rigid [Active Ankle T2™]). They performed a 5- repetition countermovement vertical jump and a 10-repetition ankle hop test wearing an accelerometer which measured the variables of foot contact time, reactivity, stiffness, power, force, and velocity. A maximal countermovement vertical jump test with double-leg landings was performed on a force plate. Maximal jump phase unloading and loading GRFv (normalized to bodyweight; N/kg), time (s), and loading rates (N/kg/s) were assessed. Repeated Measures ANOVA’s compared measures among the no brace and braced trials. The a priori α level was set at .05.

RESULTS: The 10-repetition ankle hop trial for the lace-up brace showed a significantly lower jump height when compared to the no brace condition (p = .015). There were no significant differences (p ≥ .05) for jump height, time of contact, reactivity, or stiffness among any of the ankle brace conditions. No significant differences (p ≥ .05) for jump height, peak power, peak force, or peak velocity among ankle conditions were found for the 5-repetition double-leg countermovement vertical jump performance variables.

No significant differences (p > .05) were found among the ankle support conditions for maximal GRFv (NB: 34.2±7.3 N/kg; soft-shell: 34.15±6.9 N/kg; lace-up: 34.07±6.7 N/kg; semi-rigid: 33.39±7.6 N/kg); time to maximal GRFv (NB: 0.078±.01 s; soft- shell: 0.079±.02 s; lace-up: 0.078±.01 s; semi-rigid: 0.078±.02 s); and loading rate to maximal GRFv (NB: 460.03±202.8 N/kg/s; soft-shell: 455.12±173.9 N/kg/s; lace-up: 456.35±179.7 N/kg/s; semi-rigid: 468.95±235.6 N/kg/s).

Conclusions: Double-leg landing GRFv measures were not increased with brace application. The arthrometric and sagittal-plane kinetic data support the use of ankle bracing for injury prevention and treatment following ankle sprain. Objective information on the amount and nature of ankle brace support may assist athletic trainers when recommending braces to patients. Practical Applications:

CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in the effects of external ankle support on performance. The benefit in preventing injury outweighs the possibility of substantial but small impairment of performance when athletes use external ankle support.

Holden, S. L., Keshock, C. M., Norrell, P. M., Gurchiek, L. R., Heitman, R. J. "Dominant Energy System Influence on Burnout in Collegiate Female Athletes" (Writing Results) The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the dominant energy system utilized in sports competition and training.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R. "INVESTIGATION OF THE NSCA MINIMAL READINESS STANDARDS FOR MUSCULAR FITNESS, BALANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE IN COLLEGE ATHLETES" (On-Going) The NSCA guidelines specify that prior to beginning high-intensity lower-body plyometric training, the athlete should be able to minimally squat 1.5 × bodyweight (BW), be able to perform five squat repetitions with 60% BW in five seconds or less, and perform the 30-second single leg standing half-squat without falling. The pre- training evaluation data supporting these minimal standards for plyometric training are based on evidence obtained mostly from observational studies and practitioner experience. These standards also appear to be based on the premise that both men and women possess equal strength, speed, and balance prerequisites prior to plyometric training. PURPOSE: To determine the percentage of college athletes who met the minimal readiness standards for plyometric training and to examine differences between athletes who passed and failed the readiness standards using the vertical jump (VJ) as a plyometric performance indicator. METHODS: 44 male (99.8±19.3 kg; 185.4±8.2 cm; 209.2±43.8 kg 1-RM squat) and 32 female (68.1±8.3 kg; 179.7±11.2 cm; 161.9 kg 1-RM squat) NCAA Division I athletes, aged 19 to 23 years participated. Each subject performed the 1.5 × BW back squat, the 5-repetition back squat at 60% BW, and the 30-second single-leg half squat. Jump height (cm) was measured using an accelerometer for the single-and double-leg VJ and from a depth jump performed from an 18 inch high box. The athletes who passed and failed the readiness standards were compared for differences in jump performance using Independent samples t-tests. RESULTS: All male and female athletes successfully completed the 30-second single-leg half squat for balance. Forty-two (96%) of the 44 male athletes and 12 (38%) of the 32 female athletes were able to squat 1.5 × BW. The double- and single-leg and depth jump heights were not significantly different (ρ ≥.05) between males who passed and failed the 1.5 × BW squat. Whereas, the female athletes who squatted 1.5 x BW jumped significantly higher than those who did not (double-leg: 33.8±6.3 cm versus 28.9±5.0 cm, ρ =.02; single-leg: 22.2±3.9 cm versus 18.7±3.3 cm, ρ =.01; depth jump: 52.6±9.0 cm versus 47.2±5.9 cm, ρ =.049). Seventeen (39%) of the 44 male athletes and none of the 32 female athletes completed 5-reps of the back squat at 60% BW in less than 5 seconds. No additional statistical analyses for the female athletes were performed using this readiness standard because none of the women passed this readiness standard. No significant difference (ρ ≥.05) for the males who passed and failed the 60% BW squat was found for either the double- or single-leg jump heights. Whereas, the male athletes who passed the 60% BW squat performed the depth jump significantly better than those who did not (72.3±11.6 cm versus 65.9±8.3 cm, ρ =.04). CONCLUSION: This research identified that the 30-second half-squat balance test and the 1.5 × BW back squat are effective discriminators of readiness for male and female athletes. The 60% BW back squat was found to be an appropriate indicator of readiness for the male athletes, but not for the female athletes because none of the female athletes passed this readiness standard. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A revised back-squat speed standard with a greater discriminating power should be developed to assess plyometric readiness in female athletes. These findings have implications for injury prevention when evaluating readiness prior to implementing high-intensity plyometrics.

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Tygielski, C. M., Wilt, M. J. "JUMP GROUND REACTION FORCES AND LOADING RATES ASSOCIATED WITH BRACE SUPPORT IN ANKLE COMPLEX STABILITY" (On-Going) Context: The primary mechanism responsible for preventing ankle sprains is the ability of braces to restrict ankle inversion-eversion (I-E) motion. Because ankle braces restrict normal ankle motion, specifically plantar-dorsiflexion (PF-DF), they may have a detrimental effect on the lower extremity to attenuate vertical ground reaction forces (GRFv) when landing from a jump. Greater landing impact GRFv is linked to injury and joint pathologies. No comprehensive analysis of differences in ground reaction force magnitude and loading rate associated with various brace types has been reported. Objective: To compare the effects of brace support on ankle- complex behavior and ground reaction forces and loading rates involved in jump landings. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Both ankles of 20 athletes (21.7±1.2 years, 80.9±17.5 kg, 174.8±9.8 cm). Interventions: Participants performed three trials of a countermovement vertical jump with double-leg landings on a force plate across four ankle support conditions consisting of no brace and braced ankles (soft-shell [Zoom™]; lace-up [ASO™]; semi-rigid [Active Ankle T2™]). Maximal active PF-DF range-of-motion (ROM) and passive I-E load-displacements for each support condition were obtained using an ankle arthrometer with the subject wearing a low-top athletic shoe. Main Outcome Measures: Arthrometric measured maximal PF-DF ROM and I-E rotation at 4-Nm. The ratio between the ROM wearing each brace and the ROM without each brace was calculated and reported as a percentage. Maximal GRFv (normalized to bodyweight; N/kg), time to maximal GRFv (s), and loading rate to maximal GRFv (N/kg/s) were assessed at landing. Repeated Measures ANOVA’s compared arthrometric and mean GRFv measures. The a priori α level was set at .05. Results: The semi-rigid (40.6±13.0°) and soft-shell (38.3±10.8°) braces provided superior I-E support (P < .001) when compared with the lace-up (51.1±16.2°) and NB (81.72±16.7°) conditions. The ROM ratios showed the semi-rigid and soft-shell braces provided greater DF (95% and 96%) and PF (97% and 92%) as a percentage of the NB ROM. Whereas, wearing the lace-up brace resulted in significantly lower DF (93%; P = .01) and PF (86%; P = .001) ratios. No significant differences (P > .05) were found among the ankle support conditions for maximal GRFv (NB: 34.2±7.3 N/kg; soft-shell: 34.15±6.9 N/kg; lace-up: 34.07±6.7 N/kg; semi-rigid: 33.39±7.6 N/kg); time to maximal GRFv (NB: 0.078±.01 s; soft-shell: 0.079±.02 s; lace-up: 0.078±.01 s; semi- rigid: 0.078±.02 s); and loading rate to maximal GRFv (NB: 460.03±202.8 N/kg/s; soft-shell: 455.12±173.9 N/kg/s; lace-up: 456.35±179.7 N/kg/s; semi-rigid: 468.95±235.6 N/kg/s). Conclusions: Double-leg landing GRFv measures were not increased with brace application. The arthrometric and sagittal-plane kinetic data support the use of ankle bracing for injury prevention and treatment following ankle sprain. Objective information on the amount and nature of ankle brace support may assist athletic trainers when recommending braces to patients.

Holden, S. L., Norrell, P. M., Gurchiek, L. R., Pugh, S. F. "Nutritional Knowledge of Athletic Trainers" (Planning)

Kovaleski, J. E., Gurchiek, L. R., Mitchell, S. M. "THE EFFECTS OF LOAD RANGE AND BRACE SUPPORT IN ANKLE COMPLEX STABILITY" (On-Going) Context: Stabilization against an inversion injury is a major function of an ankle brace. No comprehensive analysis concerning the effectiveness of brace support on ankle-complex behavior across a load range has been reported. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different types of brace support on ankle-complex inversion rotation and stiffness. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: The dominant ankle of 22 female collegiate athletes (20.7±1.2 years, 70.2±8.7 kg, 173.2±9.0 cm). Interventions: Maximal inversion load-displacement curves were collected using a six degrees-of-freedom linkage-instrumented ankle arthrometer. With the subject wearing her own low-top athletic shoe all ankles underwent loading at 15° plantar-flexion (PF), which was defined as the zero-load/zero-moment unloaded position. Main Outcome Measurements: Inversion ROM was measured from zero to 4-Nm with the loading portion of the moment-angular displacement curve divided into low-load (0-2 Nm) and high-load (2-4 Nm) segments. Rotation was measured and secant stiffness for each load-range calculated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare rotation values among the no brace and braced ankles (soft-shell [Zoom™]; lace-up [ASO™]; rigid [Active Ankle T2™]) at 4-Nm. Separate t-tests compared differences in rotation and stiffness between low-load and high-load ranges. Significance was set a priori at P < .05. Results: At the 4-Nm load, bracing (soft-shell: 21.5±4.9°; rigid: 22.3±6.7°; lace-up 24.5±7.6°) produced a significant reduction in ROM when compared to the no brace trial (47.1±9.7°; P<.001), with no ROM differences between braced conditions (P>.05). Across the two load ranges, bracing restricted ROM more in the 0-2 Nm load range than in the 2- 4 Nm load range [soft-shell (8.7±2.7°,12.8±3.0°; P<.001), rigid (8.1±3.5°,14.2±3.9°; P<.001), lace-up (9.6±4.5°,14.9±3.9°; P<.001). Whereas, in the NB condition, greater ROM occurred between the 0-2 Nm load range than in the 2-4 Nm load range (33.0±9.1°,14.1±2.2°, P<.001). Bracing produced greater stiffness in the 0-2 Nm load range than in the 2-4 Nm load range [soft-shell (.259±.11 Nm/°, .165±.04 Nm/°; P<.001), rigid (.303±.16 Nm/°, .151±.04 Nm/°; P<.001), lace-up (.299±.22 Nm/°, .145±.05 Nm/°; P=.001). Whereas, in the NB condition, less inversion stiffness was found in the 0-2 Nm load range (.066±.02 Nm/°) than the 2-4 Nm load range .145±.02 Nm/°, P<.001). Conclusions: The braces we tested lead to a significant reduction in maximal inversion rotation. The largest effects of the braces on inversion ROM of the ankle complex occurred in the low-load range. The relative contribution of the brace to total stiffness in this region was high. However, towards the extremes of motion, the ankle becomes greatly stiffer than in its neutral zone. Therefore, the relative contribution of the brace to the total stiffness in this region is diminished. Objective information on the amount and nature of passive support may assist athletic trainers when recommending braces to their patients.

SERVICE

Department Service

Committee Member, Faculty Search Committee - Therapeutic Recreation. (January 1, 2016 - Present).

Committee Chair, Health Curriculum Committee. (August 20, 2012 - Present).

Committee Chair, Promotion and Tenure Committee. (August 20, 2012 - Present).

Committee Member, Graduate Admissions. (August 20, 2011 - Present).

Committee Member, Promotion and Tenure. (August 15, 1998 - Present).

Committee Member, Physical Education Curriculum Committee. (September 15, 1993 - Present).

Committee Chair, Faculty Search Committee - Health Promotion. (February 1, 2014 - May 1, 2015).

Committee Chair, Academic Standards Committee UG. (August 20, 2012 - May 15, 2013).

Committee Chair, Faculty Evaluation Committee. (August 20, 2012 - April 11, 2013).

College Service

Committee Member, Promotion Committee. (August 15, 2013 - Present).

Committee Member, Tenure Committee. (August 15, 2013 - Present).

Committee Member, Assessment Committee. (August 20, 2012 - Present).

Committee Member, Academic Standards Committee. (August 20, 2011 - Present).

Committee Member, NCATE Steering Committee. (August 15, 2011 - Present).

Committee Member, NCATE Standard 1 Committee. (August 15, 2011 - October 15, 2013).

Committee Chair, Promotion Committee. (November 15, 2011 - May 15, 2013).

Committee Chair, Academic Standards Committee. (July 15, 2007 - August 30, 2007).

University Service

Committee Member, General Studies. (September 26, 2013 - Present).

Faculty Marshal, Graduation Commencement. (December 2007 - Present).

Committee Member, Undergraduate Curriculum Committee. (August 2007 - Present).

Professional Service

Committee Member, Athletic Trainer's Association of Florida, Orlando, Florida. (October 1, 2015 - Present).

Attendee, Meeting, International Ankle Consortium, Lexington, KY. (October 17, 2012 - October 20, 2012).

Attendee, Meeting, National Athletic Trainers' Association, Saint Louis, MO. (June 26, 2012 - June 29, 2012).

Committee Member, Southeast Athletic Trainers' Association, Atlanta, GA. (March 20, 1996 - March 25, 2006).

Awards and Honors

Service, University

Twenty Year Award, University of South Alabama. (September 1, 2013).

GSW Athletics Hall of Fame, Georgia Southwestern State University Athletic Department. (October 5, 2002).