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QuaSAR Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships of Analgesics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Hallucinogens Editors: Gene Barnett, Ph.D. Milan Trsic, Ph.D. Robert E. Willette, Ph.D. NIDA Research Monograph 22 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Research 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 017-024-00786-2 The NIDA Research Monograph series is prepared by the Division of Research of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Its primary objective is to provide critical re- views of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-theart conferences, integrative research reviews and significant original research. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisory Board Avram Goldstein, M.D. Addiction Research Foundation Palo Alto, California Jerome Jaffe, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York Reese T. Jones, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute University of California San Francisco, California William McGlothlin, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, UCLA Los Angeles, California Jack Mendelson, M.D. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts Helen Nowlis, Ph.D. Office of Drug Education, DHEW Washington, D.C. Lee Robins, Ph.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri NIDA Research Monograph series Robert DuPont, M.D. DIRECTOR, NIDA William Pollin, M.D. DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF RESEARCH, NIDA Robert C. Petersen, Ph.D. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Eleanor W. Waldrop MANAGING EDITOR Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857 QuaSAR Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships of Analgesics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Hallucinogens The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or commodity. Trade or proprietary names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduc- tion of this material is prohibited without specific permis- sion of the copyright holders. With these exceptions, the contents of this monograph are in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission. Citation as to source is appreciated. Library of Congress catalog card number 78-600104 DHEW publication number (ADM) 78-729 Printed 1978 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of BioSciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. iv Foreword The narcotic analgesics and the hallucinogens, two of the many classes of drugs used by mankind for many centuries, are still objects of substantial research, and the source of numerous questions as to the nature of their biological activity. Features that these two groups of drugs have in common include a strong predisposition to abuse, considerable overlap in physicochemical and pharmacochemical properties, and some possibly similar mech- anisms of action. It is therefore no coincidence that we held a meeting to discuss these compounds together. Man, in his quest for greater knowledge and understanding, demon- strates extreme resourcefulness as he deliberately turns to every means and technique available in order to help in the pursuit of revealing the secrets of nature. This is dramatically illustrated in this volume, where use is demonstrated of a wide variety of physicochemical, pharmacochemical, and theoretical methods. The monograph is one result of an intensive three-day meeting sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse to bring together research scientists involved in the investigation of biological properties of analgesics, narcotic antagonists, and hallucinogens. It was recognized by the Institute, as well as by others, that the use of such techniques as quantum mechanics, molecular spec- troscopy, tissue and receptor binding studies, chemical modifica- tion of molecular structures, and correlation analysis can be of significant aid in understanding the basic mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level. For this reason NIDA has judi- ciously supported a considerable amount of research using these approaches on drugs of major concern and interest. Much of the work reported in this volume has been a product of that support. The recent convergence of the discovery of the endorphins and the development of significant new and refined research techniques led us to conclude that it was essential, at this time, to bring together this interdisciplinary group of both esteemed and newly budding scientists in order that they could discuss their findings. v It will be apparent to the reader that final answers and definitive conclusions, both about the drugs of interest and the methods of study, are still not abundant. However, it is clear that much has been achieved and our continuing interest and support are necessary to assure that further advances are possible. It is our eventual goal that, in learning how these useful but abused drug molecules interact with the human body, we will one day be able to tailor their structures to provide a more favorable balance of properties, in order to direct us toward better means of treating drug addic- tion or abuse, and perhaps eventually to learn how one can prevent drug abuse altogether. William Pollin, M.D. Director Division of Research National Institute on Drug Abuse vi Contents FOREWORD William Pollin . v INTRODUCTION The Editors. 1 SECTION I. PHARMACOCHEMICAL METHODS . 6 Absolute Configuration and Psychotomimetic Activity George M. Anderson III, Gisela Braun, Ulrich Braun, David E. Nichols, and Alexander Shulgin . 8 Congeners of DOM: Effect of Distribution. on the Evaluation of Pharmacologic Data C.F. Barfknecht, J.F. Caputo, M.B. Tobin, D.C. Dyer, R.T. Standridge, H.G. Howell, W.R. Goodwin, R.A. Par- tyka, J.A. Gylys, R.L. Cavanagh . .16 Mescaline Analogs: Substitutions at the 4-Position Ulrich Braun, Gisela Braun, Peyton Jacob III, David E. Nichols, and Alexander T. Shulgin . 27 Defining the Histamine H2-Receptor in Brain: The Interaction with LSD Jack Peter Green, Harel Weinstein, and Saul Maayani . .38 The Nature of Opioid and LSD Receptors: Structural Activity Relationship Implications William R. Martin. .60 The Use of Rigid Analogues to Probe Hallucinogen Receptors David E. Nichols, Herschel J.R. Weintraub, William R. Pfister, and George K.W. Yim . .70 SECTION II. HANSCH ANALYSIS AND OTHER EMPIRICAL METHODS . 84 QSAR: A Critical Appraisal Sydney Archer. .86 QSAR of Agents Involved in Serotonin and LSD Binding Sites Y.L. Chan, E.J. Lien, and J.C. Shih . 103 Structure Activity Studies by Means of the SIMCA Pattern Recognition Methodology J. Dunn and Svante Wold . 114 vii Quantitative Relationship Between Antinociceptive and Opiate Receptor Affinity: The Importance of Lipophilicity Arthur E. Jacobson. .129 Quantitative Stereo-Structure-Activity Relationships I. Opiate Receptor Binding Howard Johnson. .146 Progress With Several Models for the Study of the SAR of Hallucinogenic Agents Lemont B. Kier and Richard A. Glennon . 159 QSAR of Narcotic Analgetic Agents E.J. Lien, G.L. Tong, D.B. Srulevitch, and C. Dias . .186 SECTION III. MOLECULAR MECHANICS. , , . 197 Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in the 2,4,5- Ring Substituted Phenylisopropylamines George M. Anderson III, Neal Castagnoli, Jr., and Peter A. Kollman . .199 Assessment of Quantun Mechanical Techniques for Use in Structure Activity Relationship Development, and Application to Analgesics and Other Drugs B. Vernon Cheney, D. J. Duchamp, Ralph E. Christof- fersen . 218 Recent Physicochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies on Drugs of Abuse and Relevant Biomolecules Joyce J. Kaufman . 250 Structure-Activity Studies of Narcotic Agonists and Antagonists from Quantum Chemical Calculations Gilda H. Loew, Donald S. Berkowitz, and Stanley K. Burt . 278 An Extended Isolated Molecule Method and Its Applications to the Design of New Drugs: General Aspects Alfredo M. Simas, Roy E. Bruns, and Richard E. Brown . .317 Recognition and Activation Mechanisms on the LSD/Serotonin Receptor: The Molecular Basis of Structure Activity Rela- tionships Harel Weinstein, Jack Peter Green, Roman Osman, and W. Daniel Edwards . .333 Conformational Energies and Geometries of Narcotics, Using a Potential Function Method Mark Froimowitz . 359 Conformational Study of Lysergic Acid Derivatives in Relation to their Hallucinogenic and Antiserotonin Activities Mahadevappa Kumbar . .374 viii SECTION IV. SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS . .409 Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the a- and ß-Isomers of Methadol and Acetylmethadol Hydrochlorides F. Ivy Carroll, Charles G. Moreland, George A. Brine, and Karl G. Boldt . .410 Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Hallucinogens: The Use of Ionization Potentials in QSAR L.N. Domelsmith and K.N. Houk . 423 An Assessment of Parameters in QuaSAR Studies of Narcotic Analgesics and Antagonists Robert Katz, Steven Osborne, Florin Ionescu, Peter Andrulis, Jr., Robert Bates, William Beavers, Paul C.C. Chou, Gilda Loew,
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