A~'5S2..Z.R~~ M. A~OR SITES Oo py t F THE REVOLUTION IN : • 20

Gree nwood..

Battle of Fort Moultrie

INTRODUCTION

For a state which played such a large role in the American Kettle Creek Revolution , it is remarkable that many people probably never think of South Carolina except in connection with Confederate history . South Carolinians were active in all phases of the Revolution from its beginning in the 1760's, and the Palmetto State claims a larger share of the Revolution 's military history than an y other state . Above all , there is a great deal of living history in the form of historic buildings , battlefields , archeological remains , and fortifications, which offer the visitor a tangible link with the past. This brochure is your invitation to rediscover Am erica 's beginnin gs in South Carolina.

Thirty places in South Carolina and four in are presented * SOUTH CAROLINA WELCOME CENTERS to you here . The war in the Savann ah Rive r area of South Carolina CHARLESTON LAND'S FORD cannot be understood without reference to the course of the HANGING ROCK Revolution in Georgia . The British occupation of that province made MIDDLETON PLACE South Carolina a frontier state and involved large numbers of South DORCHESTER 20 BUFORD MASSACRE Carolina troops in attempting to hold the enemy at the Savannah GOOSE CREEK CHURCH STATE PARK River or expel them from Georgia . MARION'S TOMB 22 BRATTONSVILLE COLOR KEY EUTAW SPRINGS 23 FISHDAM FORD Your best gu ide to the principal towns and cities , and the primary • The site or some part of it is operated as an historical HAYNE'S TOMB BLACKSTOCK'S Bri er Cree k attracti on. Historical interpretation good to road system , is an official South Carolina State highway map , BEAUFORT KINGS MOUNTAIN excell ent. available at any Welcome Center or Highway Department office . • No extensi ve on-site interpretation, but the site is SHELDON CHURCH COWPENS State secondary roads , which are not shown on the State map , are accessible to visitors and its significance is mainly identified on the highway by small black signs with white lettering. GEORGETOWN MUSGROVE'S MILL se lf-evident. They are numbered in three parts : for example , S·22 ·307 . The only HOPSEWEE WALNUT GROVE Some on-site int erpretation in the form of number you need pay attention to is the last one , which indicates KINGSTREE NINETY SI X monume nts or markers, which fail to do complete that this is se condary road 307 . justi ce to th e historical importance of the site. SNOW'S ISLAND OLD STONE CHURCH . Inadequa te on-site interpretation as of 1974, but SAVANNAH Sava nnah Watch for Liberty Trail directional signs-blue with a white 14 th ere are plans to develop the site as an historical attraction. crescent and the word " Liberty ." These are keyed to the numbered FORT WATSON BRIER CREEK site s in th is brochure and will help guide you to them . STATEBURG AUGUSTA This map indicates relative locations of the maJor sites of CAMDEN KETTLE CREEK the in South Carolina. Specific (Hours and prices subject to change) directions are given in th e narrattve. Page 1 Other important Revolutionary sites include the Heyward ­ TOMB OF ISAAC HAYNE , a prominent Patriot leader from Wa shington house , St Michael 's Church , and the Powder Magazine . what is now Colleton County , is located off S. C. 64 , two miles north On Sullivan 's Islan d, across the harbor from the city and accessible of Jacksonboro . Hayne was forced to sign the oath of allegiance to by S.C. 703 , is Fort Moultrie , site of the famous 1776 battle in which the British after the fall of Charleston in order to avoid being a British fleet and army were defeated . During the Siege of separated from his sic k wife . When the Briti sh ordered him to bea r Charleston , the American lines were in the vicinity of present arms for the King , he again joined the American force s and wa s sub­ Charlotte and Vanderhorst Streets , and a relic of the tabby hornwork se quently captured by the enemy . His execution on the gallows by may still be seen in Marion Square . Various battlefields also cover the British in Charleston aroused great indignation in both America the land approaches to the town , among them the sites of Moncks and Europe . To reach the gravesite follow S. C. 64 for two miles Corner , Stono , and Quinby Bridge . north of Jacksonboro and turn right on a dirt road . For more complete information on Charleston , visit the Chamber There is a very interesting road a short di stance north of Hayne 's of Commerce Visitor 's Information Center at 85 Calhoun Street tomb . Follow S. C. 64 for about another 1 1/2 miles and turn right on a dirt road at the Parker 's Ferry historical marker . Watch on your right for the ruins of Pon Pon Chapel , a pre-Revolutionary church MIDDLETON PLACE was the home of Henry Middleton , where John Wesley once preached . A short distance before the road President of the First , and his son Arthur Mid ­ reaches the Edisto River at Parker's Ferry are some impressive dleton , signer of the Declaration of Independence . The plantation earthworks probably dating from the Revolution . In 1782 the Patriots grounds contain America 's oldest landscaped gardens , begun in had an important supply depot at Parker 's Ferry. A battle took place Exchange Building. Charleston 1741 by Henry Middleton . As restored by Middleton de scen dants, Rice Mill. Middleton Place on the causeway leading to the ferry on August 30, 1781 , when Fran ­ these gardens contain the oldest camellias in the new world , planted cis Marion lay in ambush for a detachment of Royal cavalry . • CHARLESTON is the only one of the four largest American in 1783 by French botani st Andre Michaux, and a hillside with GOOSE CREEK CHURCH , the pari sh church of St James, cities existing at the time of the Revolution which the Founding 35 ,000 azaleas . Other points of interest are the Middleton Oak , Goose Creek , is one of the oldest in the state . The present very at ­ Fathers would recognize if they were alive today . A great deal of whose age is estimated at nearly 1000 years ; the butterfly lakes ; the tractive stru'cture dates from before 1719, and is sup posed to have eighteenth-century Charleston still survives alongside histor ic struc ­ rice mill and pond ; and the stableyards , where the visitor can see a been spared by the British during the Revolution because of the tures from later periods , and Charlestonians have permitted no in ­ complete exhibit of 18th and 19th century plantation crafts and ar ­ Br itish Royal arms over the chancel. An exact restoration of the vasions of modern buildings to spoil the historic character of the tifacts , as well as a variety of domestic an imals . The tomb of Arthur arms may still be see n in the interior of the church ; the original was BEAUFORT , the second oldest town in South Carolina , con ­ Middleton is on the ground s near the ruins of the main house , bur­ city. de stroye d in the earthquake of 1886 . On Sunday , July 15, 1781 , tains many fine old homes , several of which date from before the ned by Union troops in 1865. The still extant south wing of the As one of America 's major ports , Charleston was a center of Wade Hampton made a raid into Goose Creek Parish , surrounding Revolution . The John Mark Verdier house (late 1790's), where house, in recent year s us ed as a private residence , is being restored protest against the Stamp Act and the other Briti sh revenue acts. It the church while services were in progress and making prisoners of Lafayette was entertained in 1825, is owned by the Historic Beaufort to its Revo lu tionary period character. Adults , $2 .50 ; stu dents, $1 .50 ; was the only city in America where one of the East India Company 's so me Loyalists in the co ngregation . To reach Goose Creek Church Foundation. The museum in the Old Arsenal Building feature s two chil dren , $.75. Open 9-5 every day all year . Middleton Place is tea shipments was actually landed ; the Patriots later sold the tea follow U.S . 52 two mile s south of Goose Creek, turn left on S-10 -43 brass trophy cannons captured from the Briti sh in 1779. Open Mon ­ located on S.C. 61 fourteen miles northwest of Charleston and ten and used the proceeds to fight the British. The first great American and proceed about one mile . day -Friday except Wednesday morning 10 -12 , 2-4. Free . St. Helena 's victory of the Revolution was won in Charlesto n Harbor on June 28 , miles southeast of Summerville . Episcopal Church dates from 1724 ; in its churchyard are the graves 1776 . Four year s later the British returned in force and besieged the TOMB OF GENERAL is located at the site of two British officers killed in the Revolution . The Battle of Port city until , on May 12, 1780 , General Be njamin Lincoln surrendered of Belle Isle plantation , which belonged to his brother Gabriel. This Royal Island took place on February 3, 1779 a few miles north of his army of 5500 troops to Sir Henry Clinton . Charle ston remained OLD DORCHESTER STATE PARK is the site of a Revolutionary legendary Amer ican hero , the " Swamp Fox " of the Revolution , waged town . under British occupation until Decem ber 178 2, fifteen months after War fort with tabby walls commanding a prominent bluff on the a guerrilla war against the British in South Carolina , di srupting their the victory at Yorktown . Ashley River. The pre -Revolutionary fortifications were repaired by sup ply lines and launching surprise raids against their detachments The Charleston County Bicentennial Committee, whi ch is one of Francis Marion in 1775 and used by the Patriots to store publi c from his bases in the Pee Dee and Santee swamps . His grave is the most active local groups in the nation, is making the city a focal reco rd s, powder , and ordnance . The British used Dorchester as a maintained by the State of South Carolina and is located north of point of the American Revolution Bicentenn ial observance. An am­ post during their occupation. They abandoned the fort on December S.C. 45 ten miles west of St Stephen . bitious program of projects and special events ha s been planned , 1, 1781 when General Greene 's army advanced into the area . The SHELDON CHU RCH RUINS are all that remains of Prince beginning in 1973 and conti nu ing through 1976 . old town of Dorchester wa s founded in 1696 by Congregationalists EUTAW SPRINGS is the si te of the last major battle of the William 's Parish Church , erected 1745-55 , and once one of the most The most significant Revolutionary site in Charleston is the Ex ­ from Dorchester , Massachusetts . Only archeo logical remains and the Revolution in South Carolina which took place on September 8, impres sive churche s in the Province . During the Revolution the change Building, which is sometimes called " South Carolina 's In ­ 1752 tower of St George 's Parish Church still exist Old Dorchester 1781 , when the armies of General and Lieutenant Patriots are believed to have stored gunpowder in it. In 1779 , when dependence Hall. " Here the Patriots held prote st meetings and State Park is located just off S.C. 642 two miles southeast of its Colonel Alexande r Stewart met near these limestone springs . Both the Briti sh General Augustine Prevo st invaded the Low -C ountry , the created the present State government Under the building the con ­ junction with S.C. 165, south of Summerville . sides claimed victory , but the Briti sh were ultimately driven out of church wa s burned by a detachment which according to tradition fi sca ted tea was stored , and in the Provo st Dungeon , Patriots were Above Dorchester , the next link in the chain of British posts wa s South Carolina as a result of this battle . The springs are under the wa s commanded by the flamboyant local Tory , Andrew Deveaux . imprisoned during the Britis h occupation . The Provost is presently Orangeburg , about 50 miles away _ Unfortunately , General Sherman waters of Lake Marion today , but most of the battleground is still Rebuil t in 1826, the church wa s again burned by Sherman 's men in open to visi tor s; the Rebecca Motte Chapter of the DAR , owners of left few ante -bellum structures sta nd ing there . The Donald Bruce above water , and part of the site is maintained as a state park. 1865 . The ruins are neverthele ss a picturesque sight from wh ic h the the building , and the S. C. American Revolution Bicentennial Com ­ hou se, which Lord Rawdon used as headquarters on hi s return from Major John Marjoribanks , British hero of the battle , is buried on the vis1tor can vi sualize the grandeur of the pre -Revolutionary church . mission hope for a completely restored Exchange Build i ng during Ninety Six , is still standing two miles south of town on U.S. 178 , but park grounds which are located three miles east of Eutawville on To reach the ruin s follow U. S. 17 one half mile we st of Gardens Cor ­ 1976. is not open to vi sitors . S.C. 6-45 . ner , turn right on S-7-21 and pro cee d 1.7 mile s to the si te . Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 GEORGETOWN, a center of strong Patriot sentimen t during buffs who want to say they have seen the Swamp Fox 's lair can Two major battles took place in the vicinity of Camden . The site • ANDREW JACKS ON STATE PARK is the site of the birthplace the Revolution , still retains a number of eighteenth century follow U.S. 378 nine miles east of Kingsburg, turn right at the of the , where Cornwal lis decisive ly defeated of the seventh President of the . Andrew Jackson was buildings, including Prince George Winyah Church. The Rice historical marker, and proceed five miles south on a dirt road on August 16, 1780 , is located some distance north of born in the home of his uncle , James Crawford , in the Waxhaws area Museum , located in the Town Clock Building. depicts the history of (someti_mes partially flooded) to the Pee Dee River . The opposite town . Fol low U.S. 521 -601 for 3 1/2 mil es north of its junctio n with of South Carol ina. The events of the Revo lution in Sou th Carolina left the crop on which the rice planter class of Patriots founded their shore at this point is Snow's Island . S.C. 97 , turn left and fol low S-28-58 for two miles. The site is a lasting impress ion on the young Andrew Jackson. The park wealth . Adults $1 ; students, no charge . Open weekdays 10-5; Sun ­ marked by an offic ial ro adside historical marker and by a gran ite grounds contain a marke r to the Crawfor d house , Anna Hya tt Hunt· days 2-5. Lafayette first set foot on American soil on North Islan d, slab in the woods to the right of the road designating the spot where ington 's striking scu lpture, " Boy of the Wax haws ," and a museum . near the mouth of Winyah Bay , June 14, 1777. In 1780 and 1781 Baron OeKa lb was wounded. The Battle of Hobkirk Hi ll, where Lo rd The state park is loc ated on U. S. 521 nine mi les north of Lancaster. Georgetown was a Britis h post threatened by Marion 's men in the 14 CHERAW was once known as Chatham in honor of the Rawdon attacked General Greene on Ap ril 25, 1781 , is noted by swamp s upriver, and a number of battles were fought in the environs colonists ' defender in Parliament, William Pitt, the Ear l of Chatham. historical markers on U. S. 521 -601 just north of town . of the town. In 1780 Cheraw was occupied by the British 7lst Regiment. St. David 's Episcopal Church was used as a hospital when the troops sickened wi th smallpox, and fifty British soldiers are buried in its LAND 'S FORD was a Revolutionary War crossing wh ich cemetery . Later. in January 1781, the under became the site of an 1823 canal designed to bypass the rapids on 22 BRATTONSVILLE is a smal l antebellum community about ten HOPSEWEE was the plantation home of Thoma s Lynch, S. C. Nathanael Greene encamped directly across the river in Marlboro the Catawba River. Thomas Sumte r's troops crossed at Land's Ford miles south of York. The Battle of Willi amson's Plantation, the first delegate to the and the Continental Congress, County. Historical markers in the vicinity of Cheraw dea ling with the on the ir way from Rocky Mount to the . The co nflict afte r the fall of Cha rl eston in which Patriot defeated who played a significant role in the establishment of the Continental Revolutionary War history of the upper Pee Dee include Pegues main under Lord Cornwallis crossed the Catawba here Army . Thomas Lynch, Jr ., signer of the Declaration of Independence, regu lar troops of the British army, oc curred here on July 12. 1780. Place , on U.S. 1 near the N.C. Line ; Greene's encampment, on U.S. in October 1780 when it fe ll back from Charlotte after the Battle of Colon els William Bratton , Andrew Neel , Willi am Hill, and Edward was born at Hopsewee on August 5, 1749. The house is built of I in Wallace ; Long Bluff and Abel Kolb 's Murder, on U.S. 15-401 H1sloric Camden Kings Mountain. Visitors to the modern state park can see the black cypress . Open Tuesday-Fr1day 10-5. Adults, $1.50; students Lacey defeated and killed Captain Christian Huck, a Ph ilade lph ia traveling east from Society Hill , and Hunt's Bluff, on S-3 5-57 five rema ins of Lands ford Canal and the Catawba River ford in its natural Tory who had been burning and pillaging the countrysi de. Follow U. under 18, $.75; children under 6, free . Hopsewee is located off U.S. miles southwest of Blenheim . setting. Follow U.S. 21 for about five mil es north of its ju nction with S. 321 for 7 1/2 miles south of York, turn left on S-46- 165 and 17-701 on the north bank of the North Santee River , 12 1/2 miles site of Fort Watson is a state pa rk, located just off U.S. 15-301 on S.C . 9 in Fort La wn , tu rn right on S-12 -330 and proceed to the state south of Georgetown. the north shore of Lake Marion . proceed fo r anothe r 2.8 miles . William Bratton 's 1776 house is still pa rk. standtng , in a state of deter ioration, on the left. The battle took place Across the Santee River delta from Hopsewee is Hampton Plan ­ some distance east of the granite marker, on James Wi lliamson's tation , under development as a stat~ park in 1974. Hampton , which FORT WATSON was a British outpost on the Santee Rive r After crossing at Land 's Ford, Cornwallis moved south to Winns· STATEBURG was founded in 1783 by General Thomas Sum­ plantation. The large house on the ri ght is Or. J. Rufus Bratton 's boro, whe re he made his hea dqua rters from October 1780 to was standing at the time of the Revolution , served as a refuge for built on a steep Indian mound at least thirty feet high. Francis ter. The , in the midst of wh ich this town is 1855 home . January 1781. The grounds of Mt. Zion Institute there are still many prominent figures of the time, and is the su bject of a number Marion and Light Horse Harry Lee laid siege to it April 15-23, 1781. located , were the site of General Nathanael Greene 's camp of repose of Revolutionary War legends . In more recent times it was the home The plan which brought about the surren der of the fort was during the Revol ution. Their elevation above the swamps which bor ­ pointed out as the site of the British encampment. of South Carolina's poet laureate , Archibald Rutledge . Proceed about suggested by Major Hezekiah Maham . The American troops under der them provided protection from the fevers which afflicted armies 3.5 miles south of Hopsewee on U. S. 17 and turn right on S-10-857. the cover of night erected a tower of logs which enabled them to fire during the summer. There are a number of interesting nineteenth HANGING ROCK was a Bri tish post garri soned by the Prince into the British stockade. The fall of this post, commanding the vital century structures in Stateburg, includin g the 1850 Church of the of Wale 's Amer ican Reg iment, pa rt of the British Legion, and a la rge Santee River and Road, cut the main British supply line to Camden Holy Cross . The Borough House , a private residence , dates from the fo rce of Loyalists , all under the command of Major John Ca rden . On August 6, 1780, General made an attack on this KINGSTREE was the center of a Presbyterian settlement and forced Lord Rawdon to withdraw from that position . Today the Revolution and is supposed to have been used by Continental troops 23 FISH DAM FORD was the site of battle on November 9, 1780, which rebelled early against the British occupation and was sub­ on one occasi on . Stateburg is located on S.C. 261 one mile north of position with a band of Patriot militia and wo n a great victory , in whi ch Thomas Sumter 's men repelled a night assault by Major jected to punitive expeditions by Tarleton's Legion and by the troops its junction with U.S. 76-378. although short of ammunition and outnumbered two to one . Among James Wemyss and the Br iti sh 63rd Regim en t. Sumte r had camped of Major James Wemyss . The historic house , Thor ntree , in Fluitt­ the impress ive rock formations in the vicinity of the battlefield is the at Fishdam Ford in order to draw off troops from Cornwallis's To visit the tomb of Thomas Sumter , proceed another 1.9 miles Nelson Memorial Park, is believed to be the house built in 1749 by huge boulder known as the Hanging Rock . Follow S-29-15 for two headquarters at Winnsbo ro . The battle site , wh ich is designated by a north on S.C. 261 , turn ri ght on S-43-488 and drive a short distance James Witherspoon and owned at the time of the Revolution by Gavin miles due south of Heath Springs and tu rn left on S-2 9-467 , proceed sma ll granite marker and an official state historical marker , is on to Sumter's grave . General Thomas Sumter , known as the Witherspoon of Marion 's Brigade . It has been relocated from its across Hanging Rock Creek and turn ri ght on dirt road . the east bank of Bro ad River , north of S. C. 12 1- 72. Th e Indian fish " Gamecock," was the firs t great militia leader to rally the Patriots in original site which was seven miles south of town where Tarleton da m fro m wh ich the name is derived can be seen at low wa ter 1780 and chal lenge British control of South Ca rolin a. camped in August 1780. Thorntree is furnished with period items uprive r from the highway bridge . and is open Sundays 2:30-5:30 or by appointment. Phone: 354-7124. 20 BUFORD MASSACRE took place on May 29 , 1780, in the Adu Its, $2; students, $.50. • CAMDEN is one of the state's most beautiful and historic Waxhaws region of South Carolina , when Lt. Col. Banastre Tarl eton 's The highway bridge over Black River on S.C. 377 six miles south tow ns . The southern part of town , which is the area dating from the legion overtook Lt. Col. Abraham Buford 's retreating Virginia Con· of town is the site of the Battle of Lower Bridge , where Francis Revolution, ha s been restored as Historic Camden. Two log houses. tinentals , who had arrived too late to aid in the defense of Marion stopped Lt. Col. John Watson 's drive toward Snow's Island in contain museum exhibits with artifacts, dioramas , and scale models Charleston. The battle was an impressive display of Tar leton 's lac· March 1781. showing the history of Camden , especially during 1780-81, when it tical ability, but it is ch iefly remembered for the bruta l slaughter of BLACKSTOCK'S wa s the site of a major battle between Sum· was a major British post. Walking trails take visitors past ar· Buford's defeated troops by the British. This tragedy aroused a ter and Tarleton on November 20, 1780. The British were defeated cheological excavations and pa rtial restorations of the town for ­ spirit of vengeance among the patriots , and " Ta rleton's Qua rter " rather badly because of Tarleton 's tactical error in dividing his tifications , powder magazine , and remains of the Kershaw house, became the byword for no quarter . The si te contains granite troops and Sumter 's cho ice of a formidable position to defend . In SNOW 'S ISLAND is almost as inaccessible today as it was whi ch Cornwallis used as headquarters. Open Tuesday through monuments , one dating from before the Civil War. Over one hundred 1780, Blackstoc k's pl antation was situated on a steep eminen ce with when General Francis Marion used it as a base to disrupt British Saturday and on Sunday afternoon. Adults , $1 ; chi ld ren , $.50. Baron American soldie rs are buried there in mass graves . The histori ca l its flan ks well protected . Fo llow S. C. 49 for two and one half miles and Tory activities in South Carolina. The large island at the DeKa lb, the famous Revo lutionary War hero , is buried on the marker is located east of Lancaster at junction of S. C. 9 and S. C. west of Cross Keys , turn ri ght on S-44-51 , then turn right aga in on a southern tip of Florence County can only be reached by boat. Marion Marion at Snow·s Island grounds of Bethesda Presbyterian Church in the main part of town . 522 . The battleg roun d is 300 yards south of S. C. 522. dirt road and follow it to the si te of the DAR monument.

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south side of Enoree Rive r to guard the for d there. A small party of party of 25 men in advance of And rew Williamson 's army , Picke ns BRIER CREEK is the location of an atta ck on March 3, 1779, Patriots under Captain Shadrack Inman was sen t as a decoy to draw was sur roun ded by 185 Indians . Al though outnumbered in which a large detachment of Georgia Continentals and North the Britis h into an ambush north of the river at the top of the ridge , more than seven to one , the small party defea ted the Ind ians by Carolina militia unde r General John Ashe we re completely routed. where the main Wh ig force under , Eli jah Clarke , and firing in relays under the di rection of Pic kens. The great Patriot vic­ Al though possessing an inferior number of British troops, Lt. Col. James Williams had erected a breastwork. The result was a complete tory of Tamassee also took place on August 12, 1776, somewhere in Mark Prevost gained the advantage of total su rprise by cross ing rout of the Royal forces. The site is located west of S. C. 56 at this area . The forest ranger station ju st north of Oconee State Pa rk Brier Creek fifteen miles upstream and str iking the Ame rican s from Union -Laurens county line on both banks of the Enoree River . commands a view of the en tire valley of Tamassee . FollowS. C. 28 beh ind. Had this disaster not taken place , according to General and S. C. 107 no rth of Wa lha lla to the park; the overlook is reached William Moultrie, South Carolina might never have been invaded. by following a pa rk road . The histor ica l marker is located about 15 miles northeast of WALNUT GROVE PLANTATION is an authentic interpretation Sylvania . Fo llow S-1 321 for a few mi les northeast of its junction with of life in Spartanburg County before 1830. The Georgian style house, Ga . 24 to the brid ge over Brie r Creek. home of the Charles Moore family during the Revolution , has been restored as the ce nter of a complete plantation complex , with kitch ­ en, schoo l, smoke house , and barn, and an outstanding collection of period furnishings. Up -Country Patriots such as the Moore fami ly and their neighbors pr o ~ ide d aid and forage for General Daniel SAVANNAH fell to the British on December 29, 1778, whe n Morgan and he I ped swell the ranks of his army in the crucial hours Lt. Col. Archiba ld Campbe ll outmanuevered Gene ral Robert Howe AUG USTA, dur ing the Briti sh occupation of Geo rgia , was before the Battle of Cow pen s. Adults, $2; stu dents (18 and under), and drove the American army from the city. This was the first major commanded by Lt. Col. Thomas Browne , a Loyal ist and an in­ $1. Tuesday -Saturday 11 -5; March !-November 30. Sunday , 2-5 year success of the British southern campaign. In 1779 a joi nt Amer ica n­ tractab le foe of the Patriot cause. Th e town was besieged un· Kings Mountain round. Walnut Grove Plantation is located off 1-26 south of Spar ­ French expedition commanded by General Benjam in Lincoln and successfu lly by Colonel El ija h Clarke's band of Patriots in Se p­ tanburg. Take U. S. 221 exit to intersection with S-42- 196. Follow Count D'Estaing failed to retake Savanna h. The most famous event tember 17 80, and wa s fina lly taken in June 17 81 by Cla rke , And rew the signs to Walnut Grov e. of the siege was the assault on Spring Hi ll Redoubt, October 9, Pic ken s, and Henry Lee. There are a number of Revolutionary sites KINGS MOUNTAIN NATIONAL MILITARY PARK is the site of 1781, the Loyalist garrison under Lt. Col. John Harris Cruger held 1779, in which Francis Mari on 's Second South Carolina Regiment of interest to visitors in Augusta. Mackay's Trad ing Post, operated an American victory on October 7, 1780 which is considered the Visitors to Walnut Grove may also want to see the statue of out against Nathanael Greene's entire fo rce of Continentals, un til suffered heavy casualties. Si tes of interest in modern Sava nnah in· by the Georgia Histori ca l Commission, was a key pos ition in the turning point of the Revolution in the South . An army of British General in the town square of Spartanburg. The Lord Rawdon marched with 2000 British troops to the relief of the elude the Nathanael Greene monument. a fifty foot obel isk located in 1780 battle for Augusta. Meadow Garde n, maintained by the DAR , Provincial troops and Loyalist militia under Major , bronze scu lpture by J. Q. A. Ward was provided by the Congress of post. Ninety Six is one of the best preserved battle si tes of the Johnson Square , be neath wh ich General Greene is buried ; Co lon ia l was the home of George Wa lton , signe r of the Declaration of encamped on the summit of Kings Mountain , were surrounded and the United States , and surmounts a base erected by the !hi rteen Revolution ; the Star Redoubt has survived intact for 200 years , and Pa rk Cemetery , the burial place of many famous Revolution ary War Independence. Opposite the courthouse is the monument to totally defeated by American frontiersmen . Troops from the present original states and Tennessee. arc heologi sts have uncovered the rema ins of other parts of the for ­ figu res ; and the Central of Georgia Railroad Depot, which prese ntly Geo rgia' s signers and buri al place of two of them , George Wa lton states of South Carolina, North Carolina , Tennessee, and Virginia tifications . The Star Fo rt Historical Commission is in charge of stands in the vicin ity of the British lines , the Spring Hil l Redoubt, and Lyman Hall. St. Paul's Episcopal Church occupies the site of made up the Patriot expedition. Today the Nationa l Park Service ad ­ NIN ETY SIX is the location of the first land .battle of the preservation an d development. The site is located on S. C. 248 one and the battlefield on wh ich Se rgeant William Jasper and Gene ra l For t Cornwallis, and a marker nearby locates the site of the Maham ministers the site which includes a museum , foot trails for visitors, Revolution in the South which took place November 19-21. 1775, an d one ha lf miles sou th of the modern town of Ninety Six. Casimir Pulaski were mortal ly wounded . Monuments to Jasper and Towe r whi ch in 178 1 helped re duce this Bri tish strong point. two impressive battle monuments , and the grave of Patrick when Ma jor Andrew Williamson's force of Patriots was besieged by Pu laski are located in Mad ison Sq ua re and Monterey Square, Ferguson. Adjacent Kings Mountain State Park. located just south of Loyalists commanded by Major Joseph Robinson . In 1780 Ninety Six OLD STONE CHURC H was orga nized in 1789. The present respectively . Fo r furth er information on Savannah , visit the Chamber Interstate 85 near the N. C.·S. C. state line, provides recreational fel l into the hands of the British , who fortified the town extensively building was erected in 1797 . In its churchyard is the grave of of Commerce at 100 East Bay Street. faci lilies. an d made it one of their major outposts . From May 22 to June 19, General Andrew Pickens , the stern Presbyterian whom the Ind ians calle d Skyagunsta , " The Wizard Owl. " Pickens was awarded an KETTLE CREEK was the si te of a Loyal ist defeat on February elegant ornamental sword by Congress fo r his services at the Battle 14, 1779, when a combined force of South Carol ina and Georgia COWPENS NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD SITE was the scene of of Cowpens. He was the greatest Revolutionary soldier of the South militia attacked and defea ted a numerica lly superior force of one of the deci si ve battles of American history. At Cowpens the Carolina frontier. Colonel Robert Anderson, of Revolutionary fame , is Loyalists. Colonel And re w Pickens , Colonel John Dooly, and Lt. Col. British sustained one of the worst disasters of their Southern cam­ also buried in the cemetery. Old Stone Church is located on U. S. 76 Elijah Clarke led the Patriot army; the Tory leader, Colonel Boyd , paign , and the Patriots finally defeated " Bloody " Tarleton. General approximately two miles northwest of Pendleton . was killed in the action. Th is battle prev ented a planned junction of Daniel Morgan displayed bri lliant tactics in the disposition of his On the grounds of nearby Clemson Universi ty are one of Pickens ' Loyalist troo ps, totally dispe rsed and dismayed the King's fol lowers forces , making effective use of both militia and Continental troop s to homes , Hopewel l, and the site of a 1776 battle with the at in no rthern Ge orgia, and was the only check on the British oc­ envelop and rout the Briti sh. Most of Tarleton 's army were ki lled or Seneca Old Town . The Patriots erected Fo rt Rutledge on the site of cup ation of that province. Pickens afterwards call ed it the severest captured, and the rest fled . The Battle of Cowpen s wa s the event Seneca . con flict he ever had with the Tori es . Proceed on Ga . 44 ap­ which started Cornwallis on hi s road to Yorktown . The National Park The Tamassee area of Oconee County is also closely associated proxi matel y eleven miles southwest of Was hington, turn north on the Service maintain s the site for which Congress has appropriated 5.4 with Pickens and the Cherokee campaign of 1776. Fol low S. C. 11 road to Kettle Cr eek , and follow it to the battlefield. million dollars for expansion and improvement. The battle site is north of Walhalla to Tamassee , turn left on S-37 -172 and proce ed fo r located at the junction of S. C. 11 and S. C. 110 two miles east of about one mil e, turn right on S-37-375 and continue for another Chesnee. mile, then turn left again on S-37-95. On your right, about one mile further , was the site of Pickens' last home, th e Red House . A small MUSGROVE'S MILL is the si te of a battle fought on Augu st granite marker designates the spot. which affords the visitor a 18, 1780, whi ch wa s a fine exam pie of Patriot strategy . A con· beautiful view of Tamassee Knob and the ad jacent va lley. Andrew siderabl e body of Tories and Provincial regulars under the comma nd Pickens built his home not far from th e si te of the Ring Fight, one of of Colonel Alexander Inne s wa s posted at Mu sgrove 's Mill on th e Walnut Grove the most unusu al battles of the Revolution . Wh ile leading a scouting Morgan Monumenl. Spartan burg

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1775 1783

- South Carolina American Revolution Bicentennial Commission

ASSISTED BY

THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF PARKS , RECREATION AND TOURISM

and

THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES I. HISTORY

(Printed in USA) 10/74