ENvIRONmENTAL mANAgEmENT PLAN (EmP)

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GRANITE BUILDING STONE QUARRY UNIT OF MR. S. VINOD IN ENADIMANGALAM VILLAGE, TALUK, DISTRICT, STATE

1. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE PROJECT/PROPONENT

The proposal is for Building Stone Quarry Unit of Mr. S. Vinod in Survey No 340/1/103/2 (P), 340/1/103/3 (P) & 340/1/104 (P) over an extent of 0.6010 Hectare in Enadimangalam Village, Adoor Taluk, , and Kerala State. Building stone is a key and basic ingredient for the construction of infrastructure projects which is a specialized job involving high degree of safety and statutory compliance besides being carried out by qualified mining personnel. The Project Proponent is a private individual. The main objective to be pursued by the applicant is to carry the business of prospecting, exploring, operating and working on mines and quarries. The main market for Building stone is in nearby towns and will be utilized in construction works of buildings and roads. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims at the conservation of ecological system by considering in-built pollution abatement facilities at the proposed quarry site. Sustainable development in the project area needs to be intervened with judicious utilization of non-renewable resources of the project area and within the limits of permissible capacity. The assimilative capacity of the project area is the maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to physico-chemical and biological processes. The EMP is required to ensure sustainable development in the project area of 5 Km radius of the proposed quarry site under study; hence it needs to have a plan for encompassing the proposed activity. Government regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the people living in the project area need to extend their co-operation and contribution. It has been evaluated that the project area will not be affected adversely with the proposed activity and likely to get new economical fillip, not only for the project area but also for the region as a whole. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall management plan at the project area level are elicited so as to improve the supportive capacity of the receiving bodies. The EMP aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment before they are discharged.

2. DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF PROPOSED AREA Sl. No. Particulars Details 1 LOCATION:- A Village Enadimangalam B Taluk Adoor C District Pathanamthitta D State Kerala E Survey No. 340/1/103/2 (P), 340/1/103/3 (P) & 340/1/104 (P) F Extent 0.6010 Hectares

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Sl. No. Particulars Details G Topo sheet No. 58-C/16 H Latitude 09°06'33.00"N 09°06' 36.30"N I Longitude 76°49’20.18”E 76°49’23.95”E J Water Requirement 15 KLD 2 Elevation Highest 100 m RL to Lowest 70 m RL 3 Land use at the project area Patta land, applicant owns the land. About 101 meters East of the proposed area of 4 Nearest habitation Enadimangalam Village 5 Seismic zone Zone III, Moderate damage risk zone as par BMTPC, vulnerability atlas seismic zone of IS: 1893 - 2002. There is no history of flood, earthquake, cloud burst and landslide reported so far.

Environmental Sensitivity Sl. Areas Name & Distance No Areas protected under international There are no such protected areas like conventions, national or local legislation for 1 ecological landscape, cultural area etc. their ecological, landscape, cultural or other identified within the 5 Km radius. related value Areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or 2 No Rivers located within 1km radius other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, There is no protected sensitive species are 3 nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, identified within the 5km radius. migration 4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters No Rivers located within 1km radius There is a No State and National boundary 5 State, National boundaries within 5 Km radius. Routes or facilities used by the public for (SH-5) – Road which 6 access to recreation or other tourist, pilgrim is about 725 M East areas No defense installation found 5km near the 7 Defense installations site 8 Densely populated or built-up area Enadimangalam (100 M North West) Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land Kunnida Devi Temple (1.8 KM North uses West) 9 Sasthamkavu Temple (1.8 KM South West) (hospitals, schools, places of worship, Juma Masjid (4.5 KM South community facilities) East)

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St. Stephen's CSI Church (1.6 KM South East) Areas containing important, high quality or scarce resources(ground water resources, 10 None within 5 km radius surface resources, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals) Areas already subjected to pollution or 11 environmental damage. (those where existing None within 5 km radius legal environmental standards are exceeded) Areas susceptible to natural hazard which Zone III, Moderate damage risk zone as par could cause the project to present BMTPC, vulnerability atlas seismic zone of 12 environmental problems(earthquakes, India IS: 1893 - 2002. There is no history of subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding or flood, earthquake, cloud burst and landslide extreme or adverse climatic conditions) reported so far.

2.1 Physiography /Topography

Part of the proposed land is already under quarrying and the remaining proposed land is covered with native trees, shrubs, herbs, grass, climbers, bushes etc. The topography of the lease area is hilly. The highest elevation of the lease area is 100 m RL and lowest is 70 m RL. The proposed area is hill slope and the drainage of the lease area is towards South. No habitations are located in the lease area.

2.2 Geology of the area

The district from east to west may be divided into four belts according to geological formations occurring in this region. The belts are oriented north to south and consist of – 1) A belt of crystalline rocks of archean group 2) A belt of residual laterite 3) A narrow belt of Warkalli beds of the tertiary group and 4) A western most belt recent deposits.

The crystalline rocks of this district consist of leptynites and charnokites and few ultra basic intrusive. Gabbro, dolerite and dunite rocks are also seen existing in some parts of the district. Occurring as a belt west of the archean crystalline rocks the residual laterite is the resultant product of the insitu alteration of those rocks. The Warkalli formation consists of a succession of sandstone and variegated clays, and in certain pockets of thin lenses of lignite. The beds range in age from upper Miocene to Pliocene. At Parvoor and in the neighborhood of , a highly fossiliferous limestone is seen underlying the Warkalli beds. This in Indian geology is known as the Kollam limestone. Recent deposits include the renowned placer deposits (karimanal) of and neighborhood. They are extensively exploited.

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The district is underlain by crystalline rocks of Archaean age above which sedimentary formations of Miocene to Recent ages are seen. Groundwater occurs in all the geological formations from Archaean crystalline to recent alluvium.

The quality of water in the coastal aquifer is generally good however there is considerable change in the quality of groundwater along the coastal stretch. Groundwater pollution is being reported from two areas of the district namely Chavara and Pozhikara. Because of the highly porous nature of the laterite, the dug wells tapping laterite get recharged fast in the initial stages of monsoon showers itself, however this water escapes as sub-surface flow and the water level falls quite fast especially in wells located on topographic high and slopes. The shift in the pattern of crop cultivation from paddy to cash crops has also affected the pattern of natural recharge and consequent fall in water level. The deployment of pumps for irrigation and indiscriminate rampant construction of bore wells / dug wells has also added to the problem. The main rocks are granite biotite gneiss with migmatite, Hornblende-gneiss Qz-felspatic-gneisse, charnockite, coastal sand, khondalite, laterite, quartzite, and sandstone. (Source :- Geography of Booklet, Kerala State)

Local Geology –

The local geology belongs to the regional geology. Main rock type in the study area is charnockite. At places where they are exposed, the charnockite is medium to coarse grained with dark grey quartz. The topsoil & over burden thickness varies from avg.0.20 m to 0.30 m. topographically; the area is hilly with slope towards east.

The surface cum geological plan of the lease area is enclosed at Plate – VII.

3. MINING PROCESS:

3.1 Method of Mining

Open cast Semi-Mechanized Mining with 5.0 meter vertical bench with a bench width is not less than the bench height will be adopted. As far as the quarrying activity is concerned, observance of the provisions of Regulation 106 (2) (b) of MMR – 1961 is essential. Hence it is proposed to obtain permissions from the Director of Mines Safety for which necessary provision is available with the Regulation 106 (2) (b) of MMR-1961, under Mine Act - 1952. Splitting of rock mass of considerable volume from the parent rock mass by jackhammer drilling and blasting, hydraulic excavators are used for loading the Granite building stone into the tippers and then the stone is transported from pithead to the nearby crushers. Hydraulic excavators are attached with rock breakers for breaking large boulders to avoid secondary blasting.

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The primary boulders thus splitted are removed from the pits by excavators and further made to smaller sizes by rock breakers attached in excavators. It is a conventional opencast semi mechanized method of mining

3.2 Working Depth

The mine site is a hilly terrain. The Quarrying operation is proposed upto depth of 60m RL.

3.3 Details of Machineries:

The following machineries are proposed to be utilized in the proposed quarry site for the development and production work.

I. DRILLING MACHINE S.No Type Nos Dia Hole mm Size Capacity Make Motive power 1 Jack hammer 2 34 mm 0.2 to 0.8m depth Atlas Copco Compressed air 2. Compressor 1 - - Atlas Copco Diesel

II. LOADING EQUIPMENT S.No. Type Nos Capacity Make Motive Power 1 Tata Hitachi 2 1.5m3 EX 200 LC Diesel 2 Tata Hitachi 2 0.7m3 120 H Diesel

III. HAULAGE WITHIN THE MINE & TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT S.No. Type Nos Capacity Make Motive Power 1 Tata Tippers 2 10 tonne 1613 Diesel b) Transport from the quarry head to destination Transport from quarry head to destination is done by trucks. c). Miscellaneous: Apart from the above the following tools and consumables are required for quarry operation.

A. For operation The operation of Building stone quarry requires the following loose tools material and have to be kept sufficiently in stock for non - interruption of the quarry work. 1. Consumables, such as diesel, Hydraulic oil, etc. 2. Explosive as per the licensed quantity The above machineries are adequate to meet out the simultaneous development and production of Building stones.

3.4 Manpower Requirement:

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It is proposed to deploy about 15 employees directly and about 10 persons will be indirectly benefited. It is been ensured that the labors will not be deployed less than 18 years, No Child labours will engaged or entertained for any kind of quarrying operations. All the labours engaged for quarrying operations will be insured till the end of life of quarry.

4. POWER, WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Water Supply

This Building stone quarry project does not require huge water for the project. Detail of water requirements in KLD as given in Table 1: Table 1: Daily Water Requirement Dust Suppression 12 KLD Drinking Purpose 1 KLD Green Belt 2 KLD Total 15 KLD

The required water will be supplied from rainwater accumulated in mine pit (when available) and from bore well and open well from nearby area through tankers.

4.2 Energy

All the activities will be carried out semi mechanized i.e., loading of the trucks / trolley / Dumpers will be done with excavator, thus there will be no power requirement for the project as all the equipments will be operated on diesel / compressed air. Electricity required for mine office and lights will be obtained from SEB.

Diesel (HSD) will be used for quarrying machineries around 50 LPH of HSD. Diesel will be brought from nearby diesel pumps.

4.3 Infrastructure

The site services like rest room shelter, first aid box, drinking water & facilities of a portable toilet and portable disposal system of sewage will be provided for the workers at the mine site.

5. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT The baseline environment quality to represent the background/existing environmental scenario of various environmental components such as air, noise, land, ecological and socio-economic status of the study area. Field monitoring studies was carried out during April 2015 by M/s Anacon Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur, the consultant and having its MOEF/NABL accredited laboratory, to evaluate the base line status of the project site in compliance with state SEIAA guidelines.

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5.1 Air Environment The prime objective of the baseline air monitoring was to evaluate the air quality of the area during operational phase of the quarry. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed mine. Field monitoring studies for 24 hourly frequencies was carried out to evaluate the base line status of the project site and in Mankode village in compliance with state SEIAA guidelines.

Ambient Air monitoring instruments Instrument Make Model Instrument Range and Sensitivity No. Identification No. Respirable M/s. APM- SAL/RDS/01 0.40 – 1.5 0 – 3 LPM Dust Sampler Envirodesign 450BL m3/min ± 0.2 LPM (RDS) Eco Labs ±0.02 m3/min (gases)

(PM10) Fine M/s. APM DTC-205 ±0.03 DGM m3

Particulate Envirodesign 550 (PM2.5) Sampler Eco Labs

Testing Method followed for Ambient Air Quality Particular Testing Method to be Followed

A PM10 IS-5182 (part – 23) 2006

B PM2.5 IS : 5182 Part -23-2006

C SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide) IS 5182 (Part – II) 2001, with Improved West &Gaeke Method

D NOx (Oxides of Modified Jacobs – Hochheiser Method / Arsenite Method (IS 5182 Nitrogen) Part VI) 2011

Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Sampling Location PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 Mining area of M/s Kairali Rocks, 59.3 21.6 7.9 18.7 Enadimangalam village (Extent: 0.6010 Ha) Mankode village 54.7 17.3 6.4 16.2 CPCB Standard 100 60 80 80

Results & Conclusions: The results obtained are given in Annexure – VI. It is observed that the ambient air monitoring results obtained are well within the prescribed standards (NAAQS) with respect to PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SO2.

5.2 Water & Soil Environment Water Environment The purpose of this study is to:-  Assess the existing ground water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

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 Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities.

One groundwater sample was collected from applied mining area of Mr. S. Vinod Quarry and one ground water sample was collected from Enadimangalam village.

The samples were collected by grab sampling technique. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Results & Conclusions: - The results obtained for the collected samples are given in Annexure VII. It is seen from the above results that the water quality with respect to ground water were found to be well within the prescribed drinking water standards (IS 10500:2012).

Soil Environment To assess the existing quality of the soils in the area, one soil sample was collected from Mankode village and was analysed in the laboratory for physico-chemical and nutrition parameters. The analysis results are given in Annexure VII-A.

5.3 Noise Environment

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated during the project operations in the project site.

Integrated sound level meter was used for the collection of data related to noise at an hourly interval. Noise level data were collected from two locations, one from mine area and another from Enadimangalam village on hourly basis. Noise level for 24 hours (day & night) was recorded for one day. The details of the instrument used for the sampling are as given below:-

Noise (Sound) Measuring Instrument Instrument Make Model No. Instrument Detection Identification Limit Integrated Sound Level Measurement Lutron SL-4001 SAL/NOISE/INT/ Lo 30-80dB Instrument Standard Accessories 01 Hi 80-130dB

Testing Method to be followed Particular Testing Method to be Followed Noise Level Measurement Noise Level in dB(A) for continuous 24 Operational Manual of Noise level Meter, Model No. hours at 1 hour interval DT - 805 issued by Mextech

Results and conclusion:- The monitored noise levels at two locations are given below:-

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Ambient Noise Monitoring Results Location Monitored Noise Level dB (A) Leq (Day Time) Leq (Night Time) Mining area of Mr. S. Vinod 53.2 41.9 Enadimangalam village 52.1 40.2 CPCB Standard Industrial Area 75 70 Residential & Rural Areas 55 45

It is seen from the obtained results that the Noise levels are well within the prescribed CPCB standards is enclosed as Annexure VIII.

5.4 Biological Environment

Biological environment of any area constitute all living beings of that area, it is an integral part of the environment. Hence, any change in the surrounding environment could cause loss of species or decrease in biodiversity of the area. Therefore, the present study is conducted to assess the impact of the proposed Mr. S. Vinod Quarry project on biological environment. Mine Lease area 1.1933 Ha (Non-forest Private Land) considered as core zone and area within 5 km radius from lease boundary is considered as study area. Impacts of the proposed mining activities are assessed and accordingly, mitigation measures are evolved to sustain the biological diversity. In general biological environment is represented by flora and fauna. Flora constitutes the trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers & grasses and fauna constitutes the mammals, birds, reptiles, arthropods, amphibians, etc.

Objective: The major objectives of the study were: 1. To document the diversity of the local flora within core & buffer zone. 2. To enlist the major agricultural crops, plantations and cultivated species. 3. To document the major fauna both invertebrate and vertebrate occurring in the selected 5 km study area.

Study area is under plantation of rubber, Coconut and Arecanut cultivation. Proposed ML area is located on undulated terrain having elevation of 72 m RL to 24 m RL .No reserved forest or protected forest observed within 5 km study area. Natural vegetation mainly confined to River Manjaly Thodu which is 3.5 km in south direction and Chalakkudy River which is 2.65 km in West direction from the mine lease area. Apart from River stretch the study area mainly covered with the plantation of species like rubber and Cocconut. The flora within the study area is tropical. The heavy rainfall combined with moderate temperature and fertile soil support vegetation. The vegetation observed within the study area mainly comprised of Tropical Moist Deciduous & Tropical Semi Evergreen type. The lower slopes of the hilly terrain and plains are under rubber cultivation, Coconut and partly Arecanut. Agricultural crop include Oryza sativa (Paddy) mainly observed towards West part of the study area along the River Chalakkudy and major horticultural

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crops grown in the area is tapioca along with marginal spices cultivation. Banana is also grown in the study area for domestic use only and not commercially. Groundwater supports the agriculture in the area.

The list of Flora species observed in the core zone and study area of the project are listed below:

FLORA IN THE CORE ZONE (ML Area) Trees: Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Number 1. Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack Fruit 01 2. Heveabra siliensis Rubber 130 3. Cocus nucifera Coconut 05 4. Areca catechu Arecanut 02 5. Caryota urens Kappa/Elephants palm 02 Total= 140

Shrubs: Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family 1. Lantana camera Kongini (Lantana) Verbenaceae 2. Clerodendrum infortunatum Paragu Verbenaceae 3. Chromolaena odorata Assam pacha Asteraceae 4. Flemingia macrophylla Kamatteri Fabaceae 5. Ixorafinlay soniana Vellathetchi Rubiaceae 6. Leea macrophylla Njallu Leeaceae

Herbs: Sr. No. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Family 1. Peperomia pellucida Kannadippacha Piperaceae 2. Pycreus puncticulatus -- Cyperaceae 3. Hyptis suaveolense Nattapoochedi Lamiaceae 4. Alternanthera sessilis Ponamgani/ Kozhuppa Amaranthaceae sessile joyweed 5. Tridax prcumbens Coat-button Asteraceae 6. Sida Sp. Anakurunthotti (Horn bean Malvaceae leaved sida) 7. Kylinga nemoralis Paalnirvasi Cyperaceae 8. Sperma cocelatifolia Pachhapalla Rubiaceae 9. Acalypha indica Kuppameni Euphorbiaceae 10. Ageratum conyzoides Appa Asteraceae 11. Synedrella nodiflora Mudianapacha (Synedrella) Asteraceae 12. Mimosa pudica Thottavadi (Touch me not) Fabaceae

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Climbers: Sr. No. Name of species Vernacular Name / English Family Name 1. Mikania micrantha Vayara (Bitter vine) Asteraceae 2. Calamus thwaitesii Pannichooral Aracaceae 3. Ipomoea triloba Little bell Convolvulaceae 4. Calopogonium mucunoides --- Fabaceae 5. Centro semamolle Kattupayar Fabaceae 6. Mimosa diplotricha Aanathottavadi Fabaceae

Grasses: Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family 1. Cynodon dactylon Karukapullu (Doob grass) Poaceae 2. Axonopus compressus Kaalappullu (Carpet grass) Poaceae 3. Eulalia trispicata --- Poaceae 4. Digitaria ciliaris --- Poaceae 5. Pennisetum polystachyon Grass Poaceae

FLORA IN THE STUDY AREA (BUFFER ZONE) Trees: Sr. Scientific Name Common Name Family Habitat No. 1. Acronychia Chakkimaram Rutaceae Semi-evergreen forests, also pedunculata in the plains 2. Alstonia macrophylla --- Apocynaceae Grown as ornamental plant 3. Aglaia edulis --- Malvaceae Evergreen forests 4. Hevea Brasiliensis Rubber Euphorbiaceae Cultivated 5. Coccus nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Cultivated

6. Caryo taurens Kappa/Elephants Arecaceae Evergreen forests, also in the palm plains 7. Areca catechu Arecanut Arecaceae Cultivated 8. Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests and also widely cultivated 9. Tectona grandis Teak Verbinaceae Moist deciduous forests, also raised in plantations 10. Artocarpus Jack Fruit Moraceae Evergreen and semi-evergreen heterophyllus forests, also widely cultivated 11. Macaranga peltata Podini Euphorbiaceae Moist deciduous and secondary forests, also in the plains

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Sr. Scientific Name Common Name Family Habitat No. 12. Anacardium occidentale Kappamavu Anacardiaceae Cultivated (Cashewnut tree) 13. Tamarindus indica Amlam Fabaceae Cultivated (Tamarind tree) 14. Mimuso pselengi Bakulam (Bakul Sapotaceae Semi-evergreen & evergreen tree) forests, also grown in homesteads 15. Ailanthus excelsa Pongiliam Simaroubaceae Planted in the plains 16. Roystonea regia Royal palm Arecaceae Grown as avenue palm 17. Cassia fistula Kanikonna Fabaceae Moist deciduous forests, (Golden widely planted as ornamental Shower) plant 18. Grewia tilifolia Chadachi Tiliaceae Moist deciduous forests (Dhaman) 19. Alstonia scolaris Pala Apocyanaceae Moist deciduous forests and (Devil tree) sacred groves, also in the plains 20. Milingtonia hortensis Akasaveppu Bignoniaceae Grown as ornamental tree 21. Calophyllum inophyllum Pinna Clusiaceae In plains along the banks of rivers and forests, also planted in the parks and roadsides 22. Schleichera oleosa Puvam Sapindaceae Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains 23. Borassus flabellifer Ampana Aracaceae/palmae In dry areas and along bunds in paddy fields 24. Azadirachta indica Ariyaveppu Meliaceae Dry deciduous forests, also widely planted 25. Bauhinia racemosa Aathi Fabaceae Dry and moist deciduous forests

Shrubs: Sr. No. Name of species Vernacular / Family Habitat English Name 1. Abutilon indicum --- Malvaceae Deciduous forests and scrub jungles 2. Allophylus cobbe Mukkannanpezhu Sapindaceae Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests, also in sacred groves 3. Caesalpinia pulcherrima Chethimandaram Fabaceae Grown as ornamental

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Sr. No. Name of species Vernacular / Family Habitat English Name plant 4. Hamelia patens Fire Bush Rubiaceae Grown as ornamental plant 5. Lantana camera Kongini (Lantana) Verbenaceae Introduced as ornamental plant; now naturalised as weed 6. Clerodendrum Paragu Verbenaceae Degraded forest areas infortunatum and also in the plains 7. Carica papaya Pappaya Caricaceae Cultivated in homesteads 8. Calatropis gigantia Erikku Asclepiadaceae Wastelands 9. Ageratina adenophora Thravada Asteraceae Degraded areas 10. Caesalpinia pulcherrima Rajamalli Fabaceae Grown as ornamental plant 11. Hibiscus hispidissimus Kalapoo Malvaceae Dry and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains 12. Flemingia macrophylla Kamatteri Fabaceae Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains 13. Ixorafinlay soniana Vellathetchi Rubiaceae Grown in gardens and open shady places 14. Leea macrophylla Njallu Leeaceae Moist deciduous and evergreen forests 15. Ixora coccinea Chethi Rubiaceae In the plains, also grown in homesteads

Herbs Sr. No. Name of species Vernacular/ Family Habitat English Name 1. Evolvulus alsinoides Chumadukodi Convolvulaceae Moist and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains 2. Hamelia patens Fire Bush Rubiaceae Grown as ornamental plant 3. Ageratum conyzoides Appa Asteraceae Weed in fallow fields and wastelands in the High Ranges 4. Alternanthera sessilis Ponamgani Amaranthaceae Along sides of water courses and marshy areas 5. Achyranthues aspera Vankadaladi Amaranthaceae Deciduous forests and forest plantations, also in the plains 6. Euphorbia -- Euphorbiaceae Weed in waste places and

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Sr. No. Name of species Vernacular/ Family Habitat English Name heterophylla degraded deciduous forests 7. Sida Sp. Anakurunthotti Malvaceae Dry and moist deciduous (Horn bean leaved forests, also in the plains sida) 8. Sperma cocelatifolia Pachhapalla Rubiaceae Moist and dry deciduous forests and waste places 9. Synedrella nodiflora Mudianapacha Asteraceae Deciduous forests, also in the (Synedrella) plains 10. Mimosa pudica Thottavadi (Touch Fabaceae Weed in the plains me not) 11. Cleome viscosa Aryaval Capparaceae Weed among cultivated plants, wastelands, roadsides, etc. 12. Colocasia esculenta Chembu Araceae Waterlogged ditches and (Cocoyam) streamside 13. Amraranthus viridis Kuppacheera Amaranthaceae Wastelands and degraded forests 14. Drymaria cordata Pipili Caryophyllaceae Moist areas like bunds of paddy fields, also a weed in tea plantations 15. Celosia argentea Cheruchira Amaranthaceae Weed in cultivated areas and wastelands 16. Peperomia pellucida Kannadippacha Piperaceae Degraded forest areas and wastelands 17. Pycreus -- Cyperaceae Marshy areas in grasslands and puncticulatus paddy fields 18. Hyptissua veolense Nattapoochedi Lamiaceae Degraded moist and dry deciduous forests and wastelands 19. Tridax procumbens Coat-button Asteraceae Deciduous forests, also waste lands in the plains 20. Kyllinga nemoralis Paalnirvasi Cyperaceae Waste places, degraded forest areas and grasslands 21. Acalypha indica Kuppameni Euphorbiaceae Dry deciduous forests and also in the plains 22. Ageratum conyzoides Appa Asteraceae Weed in fallow fields and wastelands in the High Ranges

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Climbers Sl. Name of species Vernacular/ English Family Habitat Name 1. Mikania micrantha Vayara (Bitter vine) Asteraceae Evergreen and semi- evergreen forests 2. Calamus thwaitesii Pannichooral Aracaceae Evergreen and semi- evergreen forests 3. Hewittiam alabarica Ohanamvalli Convolvulaceae Moist and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains 4. Passiflora foetida Chadayan Passifloraceae Degraded forests and wastelands 5. Ipomoea triloba Little bell Convolvulaceae Degraded forest areas, also in the plains 6. Mucuna bracteata Thottapayar Fabaceae Grown as cover crop in rubber plantations 7. Ziziphus oenoplia Cheriyalantha (Jackal Rhamnaceae Moist and dry deciduous jujube) forests, also in the plains 8. Calopogonium --- Fabaceae Forest plantations, also in mucunoides the plains 9. Centrose mamolle Kattupayar Fabaceae Forest plantations and deciduous forests, also in the plains 10. Ipomoea triloba Little Bell Convolvulaceae Degraded forest areas, also in the plains 11. Mimosa diplotricha Aanathottavadi Fabaceae Weed in degraded forests, also in the plains 12. Passiflora foetida Ammummapazham Passifloraceae Degraded forests and wastelands

Grasses: Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family Habitat 1. Axonopus compressus Kaalappullu Poaceae Dry and moist deciduous forests, (Carpet grass) waste lands and paddy fields 2. Cynodon dactylon Karukapullu Poaceae Along banks of backwaters, bunds (Doob grass) of paddy fields and wastelands 3. Eragrostis tenella ---- Poaceae Degraded deciduous forests, grasslands, wastelands and roadsides 4. Chromolaena odorata Assam pacha Asteraceae A weed in all terrestrial habitats 5. Eleusine indica Kattuthina Poaceae Open plain areas, roadsides and wastelands 6. Imperata cylindrical Vidulam Poaceae Grasslands, banks of backwaters, forest clearings and fallow fields

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family Habitat 7. Eleusine indica Kattuthina Poceae Open plain areas, roadsides and wastelands 8. Axonopus compressus Kaalappullu Poaceae Dry and moist deciduous forests, waste lands and paddy fields 9. Eulalia trispicata --- Poaceae Rocky areas in grasslands 10. Digitaria ciliaris --- Poaceae Moist deciduous forests, grasslands and open places 11. Pennisetum Grass Poaceae Degraded moist deciduous forests polystachyon and waste places

Conclusion from the Floral Study: There is no endangered, endemic or scheduled flora species existing at proposed mine lease area. Ref.: Flowering Plants of Kerala (Ver 2.0) by Kerala Forest Research Institiute, Peechi, Kerala

Major crops within study area: Sr. Scientific Name Common Family Remarks No. Name Major Field Crop Cultivated 1. Oryza sativa Paddy Poaceae Mainly grown towards West part of the study area along the River Chalakkudy Horticulture crops - Fruits: 1. Musa paradisiaca Banana Musaceae Plantation observed in the area and along the periphery of Tapioca plantation 2. Artocarpus Moraceae observed nearby villages and ML area heterophyllus 3. Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae Well grown in nearby villages 4. Carica papaya Papaya Caricaceae Marginal plantation nearby village area Horticulture crops - Vegetables: 1. Manihotes culenta Tapioca Euphorbiaceae Tapioca is partly distributed within the study area Plantation Crops: 1. Piper nigrum Pepper Piperaceae Sparsely distributed under cultivation 2. Areca catechu Arecanut Arecaceae Marginal plantation of Arecanut& coconut observed along with Rubber species observed in mine lease area 3. Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Coconut species observed along the periphery of agriculture field and low lying area, plains and hilly area and mine lease area 4. Hevea Brasiliensis Rubber Euphorbiaceae Widely distributed throughout the study area

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Fauna:

Core Area: 1. Mammals: Scientific Name Common Name WPA 1972 (Schedule) IUCN status Funambulus palmarum India palm squirrel IV Least Concern

2. Avi-fauna: Common Name Scientific Name WPA 1972 IUCN status (Schedule) Pond Heron Ardeola grayii IV Least Concern Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis IV Least Concern Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV Least Concern House crow Corvus splendens V Least Concern Buteobuteo Common buzzard IV Least Concern

3. Reptilian Fauna Species Observed Scientific Name WPA 1972 IUCN Status (Schedule) Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor --- Not evaluated Common skink Mabuya carinata --- Not evaluated

Fauna: Surrounding the study area:

Mammals: Scientific Name Common Name WPA 1972 IUCN status (Schedule) Bandicota bengalensis Field Rat V Least Concern Lepus nigricollis Black napped Hare IV Least Concern Funambulus palmarum India palm squirrel IV Least Concern Paradoxurus Asian Palm civet II Least Concern hermaphroditus

Avi-Fauna Scientific Name Common Name WPA 1972 IUCN status (Schedule) Acridotheres tristis Common myna IV Least Concern Dicrurus Black drongo IV Least Concern macrocercus Corvus splendens House crow V Least Concern Centropus sinensis Crow Pheasant IV Least Concern Ardeola grayii Pond heron IV Least Concern

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Scientific Name Common Name WPA 1972 IUCN status (Schedule) Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret IV Least Concern Psittacula krameri Rose ring parakeet IV Least Concern Buteo buteo Common buzzard IV Least Concern Terpsiphone paradisi Asian paradise flycatcher IV Lease Concern Pycnonotus cafer Red vented bulbul IV Lease Concern Oriolus xanthornus Oriole IV Lease Concern

Reptilian Fauna Species Observed Scientific Name WPA 1972 IUCN Status (Schedule) Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor --- Not evaluated Common skink Mabuya carinata --- Not evaluated Dhaman Ptyas mucosus II Not evaluated Indian Cobra Naja naja II Least Concern

Amphibian Fauna Scientific Name Common Habitat Local Status IUCN Status Name Bufomela nostictus Asian Common Home in almost commonest among Least Concern Toad all biotopes found Indian species and also in India, the amphibian most commonest likely seen confirmed among Indian through villagers species

Butterfly/insects Scientific Name Common Name Habitat IUCN Status Catopsilia pomona Common emigrant butterfly found in abundance Not evaluated in South India, Preferred wet places Papilio polytes Common Mormon Commonly observed on Not evaluated lantana flower Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Common inhabitant in garden Not evaluated Euploea core Common crow Widespread in the area Not evaluated Lathrecista asiatica Asiatic blood tail Marshy area, Scrub, plantation Least concern dragonfly Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow ground and are found in open Not evaluated grass and scrub habitats

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Conclusion from the faunal study: There is no schedule I species of animals observed within study area as per Wildlife Protection Act 1972 as well as no species is in vulnerable, endangered or threatened category as per IUCN.

5.5 Socio-Economic Environment

Project site is located in Enadimangalam village in Adoor Taluk, of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala state. The latest available data as per 2011 Census has been considered to delineate a baseline of the existing socio-economic profile in the village Enadimangalam in Adoor Taluk, of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala state. The data base thus observed in this study includes  Demographic structures  Economic attribute  Infrastructure Facilities  Land Use Pattern

5.5.1 Demography The demographic aspect of the village area comprises of the various features of the population including their size, composition and distribution across the location. The population composition is described in term of basic demographic features like, house hold status, age, social composition, education and occupation etc.

The Table 2 below reflects the population details of the Enadimangalam village.

TABLE 2: DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF PULAMANTHOLE VILLAGE Village No_ HH TOT_P TOT_M TOT_F P_06 M_06 F_06 P_SC P_ST Mankode 7,862 30,766 15,042 15,724 2,726 1,340 1,386 2,942 75 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Kollam district, State Kerala Note: No _ HH: No of household, TOT_P: Total Population, TOT_M: Total Male, TOT_F: Total Female, P_06_ Population 0-6, P_06_ M: Population 0-6 Male, P_06_ F: Population 0-6 Female, P_SC: Population Scheduled Cast, P_ST: Population Scheduled Tribe

 According to census 2011, 7,862 households are dwelling in village Enadimangalam, with a average family size 4 person each family  The total population of the village is 30,766 out of it male population is 15,042 and female population is15, 724  The under six years of age group child population is 2,726, out of which, 1,340 are male child and 1,386 are female child  2,942 (9.56%) are belonging to scheduled caste (SC) and 75 (0.24%) belong to scheduled Tribe. This indicates that the disadvantages section of the society encompasses 3017(9.80%) individuals.

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5.5.2 Sex Ratio The sex ratio among the various groups indicates that the overall sex ratio of the study area in accordance to the population is 1,045 females behind per thousand males. Category wise sex ratio shows in scheduled caste 1,046 females, for scheduled tribe 1,083 and in 0-6 age group 1,034 female to 1,000 male.

5.5.3 Literacy and Education According to 2011 census, out of total population, total 26,743(86.92%) are literate and 4,023(13.07%) are illiterate. Out of the total literate population, 13,303(49.74%) males are literate and 13,440(50.25%) females are literate. Out of total illiterate population, 1,739(43.22%) males are illiterates and &2,284(56.77%) females are illiterate

TABLE 3: LITERATE & ILLITERATE POPULATION Sr. Village Total Male Female Population Male Female No Name Literate Literate Literate Illiterate Illiterate Illiterate Mankode 26,743 13,303 13,440 4,023 1,739 2,284 Primary census abstract 2011, Kollam district, State Kerala

5.5.4 Employment Pattern The occupational pattern in the study area indicates that, out of total workers population 8,656(71.09%) are male worker and 3,519(28.90%) are female workers. 9,897(32.16%) are main workers, 2,278 (7.40%) marginal workers and 18,591(60.42%) are non-workers.

TABLE 4: DETAILS OF EMPLOYMENT PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA Sr. No Village Total Workers Main Workers Marginal Non Workers Workers 1. Enadimangalam 12,175 9,897 2,278 18,591 Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Kollam district, State Kerala

5.5.5 Occupation Pattern of Main Workers

According to census 2011, in the study area there is total 9897 main worker population. Classification of main worker employment pattern is as below  Main cultivator population is 824(8.32%)  Main agricultural worker population is 1078(10.89%)  Main household industry worker population is 263(2.65%)  Main other working population is 7732(78.12%)

5.5.6 Infrastructures Facilities The socio-economic well-being of the area and its people is represented by the infrastructure and the social assets available in the area. The various infrastructural facilities related to education, health care, communication, transportation, drinking water etc. in the study area are described below in Table 5.

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TABLE 5: DETAILS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN ENADIMANGALAM VILLAGE Educational Facilities Primary school(6), Middle school(3), Secondary school (3) & Senior Secondary school (1) Allopathic Hospitals (04), Allopathic Dispensaries(02), Ayurvedic Dispensaries(03), Homeopathic Dispensaries(02), Maternity and Health And Medical Child Welfare Centre (03), Child Welfare Centre (06), Health Centre Infrastructure (02), Primary Health Centre(01), Primary health Sub Centre (01), Family Welfare Centre(02), Nursing Home (04), Registered Medical Practitioner (05), Community Health Worker(04), Other Centre (02) Tap, Well, Tube well, Tank, Canal, Hand Pump, River, In Summer Water Facility (Well water) Post and Telegraphs Phone (1238), Post Office (05) Road Facility Mud Road, Paved Road, Footpath, Navigable River Co-Operative bank, Commercial banks, Agricultural credit society, Bank Facility Other society Transportation Facility Bus Service, Navigable water way Power Supply Electricity for all purpose Source: Village Directory 2001, District Kollam, Kerala State

5.5.7 LAND USE PATTERN Land use pattern of the Enadimangalam village is studied from Census Handbook 2001 and is given in Table 6 below: Table 6: Land Use Pattern of Mankode Village Sr. No Type of land Area in hectares Percentage 1 Forest land 00 0 2 Irrigated land 1,211 49.11 3 Un irrigated land 1,255 50.88 4 Cultivable waste land 00 0 5 Area not available for cultivation 00 0 Total land 2,466 100 Source: Village Directory 2001, District Kollam, Kerala State

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP):

Following environmental Measures are proposed for the mining project to mitigate the impact during the mining operation.

Potential Impact Mitigation Measures LAND ENVIRONMENT Land Use Change The mining activities in applied area will alter the land use pattern in the lease area. In order to minimize the adverse effects, the following control

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measures will be implemented:  Construction of garland drains all around the quarry pit and construction of check dam at strategic location in lower elevations to prevent soil erosion due to surface runoff during rainfall and also to collect the storm water for various use within the mine lease area.  Construction of retention walls around toe of lower boundary of the mining area to arrest boulder roll down and silt wash off.  Green belt development along the boundary within safety zone and reclaimed mined out area.  Soil/OB generated during mining will be temporarily stacked at designates places and will be used for carrying out plantation on the safety zone and top benches of mined out area. Part of the remaining void/ un-reclaimed area at the lower elevation of the pit area will be used as water storage cum ground water recharge pit.  Thick plantation will be carried out on undisturbed area, top benches of mined out pits, on safety barrier, etc.  At conceptual stage, the land use of mining area will change into area covered with plantation and water reservoir. SOIL ENVIRONMENT Soil erosion The top soil & over burden thickness varies from avg. 0.20 m to 0.30 m. The topsoil excavated from the quarry will be dumped separately at predetermined place and subsequently will be utilized in spreading over reclaimed areas for plantation. Waste rock, if any, will be utilized for laying internal haul road and will form base in reclamation/plantation. WATER ENVIRONMENT Domestic waste Following control measures will be adopted for controlling water pollution:- water discharge,  Construction of garland drains to divert surface run-off from virgin area siltation due to away from mining area. storm water run-  Construction of check dams / gully plugs at strategic places to arrest silt off wash off from broken up area.  Construction of retention walls around toe of lower boundary of the mining area to arrest boulder roll down and silt wash off.  Collection of surface run-off from broken up area in mine pits for settling and use in dust suppression and plantation in the mine lease area. Only properly settled excess water from mine pit will be supplied to nearby users.  Periodic analysis of mine pit water and ground water quality in nearby villages.  Domestic sewage from site office & urinals/latrines provided in ML is discharged in septic tank followed by soak pits. AIR ENVIRONMENT Increase in dust Following air pollution control measures will be adopted in the mine to level and gases control dust and gaseous emissions:

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concentration in  Practice of wet drilling / provision of dust arrestors in drills to control ambient air. dust generation during drilling.  Proper blast design and avoiding overcharging of blast holes.  Controlled blasting techniques will be adopted.  Laying of haul road as per the standards  Periodic water sprinkling on haul road.  Provision of dust mask to workers deployed at high dust generating operations.  Provision of green belt all along the periphery of the lease area.  Prohibiting overloading and over-speeding of mineral transportation vehicles.  Transport of stone in trucks covered with tarpaulin.  Periodic maintenance of mine machinery and transportation vehicles.  Periodical monitoring of ambient air quality in and around the lease area. NOISE ENVIRONMENT Increase in The major noise generating source from the mining activity is working ambient noise machinery, drilling, blasting, loading, unloading and plying of vehicles. The levels may cause following control measures will be undertaken to bring down the noise temporary or levels within the permissible limit:- permanent damage  Development of thick green belt around mining area to hearing of  Periodic maintenance of machinery, equipments. workers,  Provision of earplugs to workers exposed to high noise generating annoyance, and activities. irritation to the  Conducting periodical medical checkup of all workers for any noise residents in the related health problems. nearby villages.  Proper training to personnel to create awareness about adverse noise level effects.  Periodic noise monitoring at suitable locations in the mining area and nearby habitations to assess efficacy of adopted control measures. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT  About 100  Development of gap filling plantation in the safety barrier left around the existing trees will mine lease area. be cut during  Removal of existing vegetation, only when the area is immediately mining operation required for mining.  Dust deposition  Carrying out thick plantation with local flora species on the inactive on vegetation mined out upper benches. around  Development of dense poly-culture plantation using local flora species in periphery of ML the mining area at conceptual stage. area may retard  Adoption of suitable air pollution control measures as suggested above. the  Covered transportation of mineral outside the mining area. photosynthetic  Construction of garland drains and settling tank to arrest silt wash off activities of from ML area. plants  Construction of retention walls around lower boundary of mining area to

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 Silt deposition in arrest silt wash off and roll down boulders. surface water bodies SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Employment The following measures will be taken up to improve the socio-economic Generation conditions of the area:-  Preference will be given to local people for employment in the mine based upon their eligibility.  Secondary employment opportunity for local people in mineral transport, service sectors, garages, shops/canteen, etc  Medical facilities to the workers employed at site.  Development of drinking water facilities, public utilities, financial assistance to needy students, etc.  As a part of Corporate Social Responsibility, amount Rs. 3.0 lakh will be spent/ annum in consultation with the local Panchayaths / Village authority.

7. SAFETY IN MINE

Safe working practices will be adopted in the mine to avoid accidents. Care will be taken to evacuate the mine area completely at the time of blasting operations. The blasting team will be equipped with all safety equipment for safe blasting.

• Provision of pre-employment and periodic safety training to all the employees in the mine. • Display of warning signals, safety slogans at strategic locations in the mining area. • Provision of Personal Protective Equipments to all the employees in the mine. • Maintaining proper housekeeping in the mine to avoid accidents. • The blasting will be taken up at fixed timing only with sufficient warning to the public. Sentries will be posted in all entries to mine to regulate and restrict the public during blasting hours. • Overloading of dumpers and consequent spillage on the roads will be avoided • The vehicles and machinery will be well-maintained as per KPCB standards, so that emissions of harmful gases are minimized • Avenue plantation all along the haulage roads and peripheral plantation all around the mine will be taken up for control of dust. • Plantation of wide leaf trees, tall grass along approach roads, and on safety barrier zones will help suppress dust. • Operator cabins in all items of major HEMM equipment will be enclosed, to minimize dust exposure of the operators. • All the mine workers will be provided with dust masks and other statutory protective devices.

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8. DESIGN OF GREEN BELT

8.1 Green Belt Development

During the mining operation, gap filling plantation will be carried out in the safety zone and undisturbed area. Total 1100 trees of different native species will be planted in 0.4685 ha (Safety Zone & undisturbed area). Apart from this plantation will also be carried out on top benches of mined out area. The list of native plant species and their environmental properties are listed in Table 7.

TABLE 7: LIST OF FLORA SPECIES PROPOSED FOR PLANTATION Pollutant Sr. Species Common

No. Name e and

2l SO Smok Dust Combined of gaseous pollutants of(emissions oxides of sulphur, Oxides of sulphur, nitrogen and particulates Tree 1. Mimusopselengi Bakulam * 2. Moringapterygosperma Muringa * * 3. Syzygiumcumini Perinnaral * 4. Psidiumguajava Koyya/pela * * 5. Ailanthus excelsa Pongiliam * * 6. Alstoniamacrophylla Pala * * 7. Azadirachtaindica Nimbam * * 8. Artocarpusheterophyllus Jack Fruit * 9. Phoenix spp. Kattinta * * 10. Mangiferaindica Amaram * 11. Pithecellobiumdulce Kodakapuli * 12. Caesalpiniapulcherrima Rajamalli * * Ref:Bhatacharya (1994), Kozlowski &Constantinidou (1986b), Bhatacharya (1994), Pokriyal&Nautiyal (1991), Madhavendra (1990), Anon (1984), Kozlowski &Constantinidou (1986b), Rao, 1971.

8.2 Eco-restoration/ Bio-Reclamation

The top soil generated from the proposed pit, will be properly stacked and will be utilized for plantation over the reclaimed areas. The OB/waste rock generated will be utilized in developing internal roads and partly backfilling of mined out area.

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8.3 Ecological Management plan

About 1100 sapling will be planted in 0.4685 Ha safety barrier zone and undisturbed area. Apart from this, plantation will also be carried out on top benches of the mined out area. Most of the mined out area will be reclaimed with plantation and remaining void will be used as water body for the local population. It is proposed that the water reservoir developed in mine pit can also be used for fisheries development in consultation with fisheries department which will serves as additional income generation source for the local population after the completion of mining.

During the first six month, it is recommended to developed grasses and herbs by hydro seeding method. This method is suited for difficult terrain. This is a single step process and involves spraying slurry of seed, fertilizer, fertile top soil, cow dung and water. A layer 0.5 to 2 mm thick is sprayed. Very effective in stony and nutrient poor shallow voids filled with over burden waste materials.

The plantation programme as per the time schedule suggested below:-  First Six months -- Herbs & grass  Next Six months -- Shrubs  Next Six months onwards -- Trees

Suggested list of species are as follows: Sr. No. Scientific Name Common name Schedule of plantation 1. Vetiveria zizanioides Ramacham/Vettiver 2. Axonopus compressus Kaalappullu(Carpet grass) 3. Cynodon dactylon Karukapullu (Doob grass) 4. Eragros tistenella --- 5. Alternanthera sessilis Ponamgani/ Kozhuppa sessile joyweed First Six months 6. Achyranthues aspera Vankadaladi (Grasses & Herbs) 7. Euphorbia heterophylla ---- 8. Synedrella nodiflora Mudianapacha (Synedrella) 9. Mimosa pudica Thottavadi 10 Cleome viscosa Aryaval 11. Amraranthus viridis Kuppacheera 12. Mikania micrantha Vayara (Bitter vine) 1. Lantana camera Kongini 2. Clerodendrum infortunatum Paragu Next Six months 3. Calatropis gigantia Erikku (Shrubs) 4. Nerium oleander Arali 1. Mimuso pselengi Bakulam (Bakul tree) Next Six months 2. Syzygium cumini Perinnaral onwards 3. Psidium guajava Koyya/pela (Trees)

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common name Schedule of plantation 4. Ailanthus excelsa Pongilium 5. Alstonia macrophylla Pala 6. Azadirachta indica Nimbam 7. Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack Fruit 8. Phoenix sp. Kattinta 9. Mangifera indica Amaram 10. Moringa pterygosperma Muringa (Drumstick tree) 11. Hevea Brasiliensis Rubber 12. Tectona grandis Thekku(Teak) 13. Peltophorum pterocarpum Charakonna 14. Cassia fistula Konna (Golden Shower) 15. Caesalpinia pulcherrima Rajamalli

8.4 Fencing Wire mesh fencing will be provided all around the mine lease boundary except for the entrance road to avoid inadvertent entry of the unsuspecting persons/animals in the mine lease area and falling in the mine pits. The fencing will also protect the plantation from damage from foraging animals and from local people cutting trees for firewood.

8.5 Costs towards Implementation of Green Belt Development & Eco-restoration It is proposed to invest an amount of Rs. 4.15 Lakh towards development of green belt & Eco- restoration for the environmental protection purposes, the details of the same are given in Table 8.

Table 8: Proposed Budget for Development of Greenbelt & Eco-restoration S. No. Particulars Area (in Ha.) Capital Cost (Rs. in Lakhs) 1. Gap filling plantation in Safety zone & 0.4685 0.55 Undisturbed area (1100 Plants) 2. Plantation in the reclaimed area i.e. top benches - 1.0 of mined out area (2000 Plants) 3. Fertilizer, Manure, Manpower, etc. ---- 0.6 4 Fencing 2.0 Total 4.15

9. MINE CLOSURE PLAN

Various works that are to be taken up under the mine closure plan includes:-

(i) Revegetation It is planned to restore most of the mined out area by thick plantation. The plantation in the mine lease area also includes gap filling plantation on the safety barrier zone left around the mine lease area. Gap filling plantation will be carried out in the safety barrier zone left around the mine lease

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area from the beginning of the mining operations. Additional plantation will be carried out in the inactive mining area. Grass and bushes will be planted in areas prone to erosion especially at the lower elevation area along slope. Other areas will be spread with organic manures and planted with local species. The characteristics of this vegetation will resemble that of the natural environment except for the early growth. Before re-vegetation, the land will be properly prepared by spreading the top soil, which is rich in organic contents along with mulches and organic manure. Vegetation will be self-sufficient after planting and require no fertilizers or maintenance. a. Support & Transport Infrastructures The mining site and access road will be kept in a sufficient good condition to allow access for monitoring till such time any other authorities wish to maintain and legally accept responsibility for the access roads. b. Surface Equipment and Heavy Machinery Open cast semi-mechanized method will be adopted and after completion of the mining, the equipments will be taken out of the premises for their gainful utilization elsewhere. c. Hazardous substances The hazardous materials and explosives will be totally evacuated from the mine site and the site will cleared of any such materials and substances. d. Water Resource Management Surface run-off from the mining area will be collected and stored in the mine pits and the water will be used for various purposes within the lease area. The mining activities will result in alteration of the surface runoff pattern in the lease area only and there will be no impact on the drainage pattern outside the mine lease area. The quality of the discharge run-off water will be maintained in compliance with the applicable state/national standards. e. Monitoring The monitoring of the mine closure plan is an essential requirement for review of the efficacy of the mine closure and to take corrective actions. The monitoring consists of measuring the air quality, water quality, preservation of landscape, aesthetic and other land use values.

10. RISK ASSESSMENT

10.1 Fall of Sides  No disaster like land slide, flood, inundation or fire is anticipated in this case.  Unmanageable heights will not be created.  Loose rocks will be properly dressed.  Nature and structure of the rocks will be properly studied for their slips.  The working faces will slope at <80°.  The hanging wall, footwall and mineralized zone are competent to stand safely for long time.

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10.2 Storage and Use of Explosives  Proper and safe storage of daily requirement of explosives in approved and Licensed mobile Magazine van.  Proper, safe and careful handling and use of explosives by competent blasters having Blaster’s Certificate of competency issued by DGMS.  Proper security system to prevent theft/ pilferage, unauthorized entry into explosive storage/use area and checking authorized persons to prevent carrying of match box, lights, mobile phones, cigarette or Beedi etc. in the restricted area  The explosives of class 2 will be used in their original cartridge packing and such cartridge shall not be cut to remove explosive for making cartridge of different size.  Detonators will be conveyed in special containers. These will not be carried with other explosives.  The holes which have been charged with explosives will not be left unattended till blasting is completed.  Before starting charging, clear audible warning signals by Sirens will be given so that people nearby can take shelter.  Blasting operations will be carried out in day times only.

10.3 Storage of Oil and Fuel  No major storage of oil & fuel is envisaged.  Due care will be taken to avoid oil spillage.  Storage will not be allowed beyond necessity.  Fuel oil and lubricants will be stored only in approved containers in separate store rooms. Match box, lighters, mobile phone, dry wood, plastic paper sheets and smoking will not be allowed near the storage area.

10.4 Water inrush  Due care will be taken to provide garland drains all around the foot of the hill to collect run off and also to avoid soil erosion.  The applied mining area is located on a hillock and there is no danger of flood or inundation as the proposed working is above the normal ground level. There is no major river flowing adjacent to the project.  Ground water seepage and rainwater accumulated in mine pits will be used for dust suppression and plantation. Excess water, if any, will be supplied to the nearby agriculture users after ensuring proper settling.

10.5 Falling/ Slipping in pits  The mine pits will be properly fenced to avoid inadvertent entry of unsuspecting person/animals into the mining area  Warning signals will be displayed on the approach road to the mine  Proper housekeeping will be maintained in the mine to avoid falling / slipping of persons.

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11. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

In order to handle disaster/ emergency situations, an organizational chart entrusting responsibility to various project personnel will be prepared with their specific roles during emergency. The possible composition of the management team shall be of Mines Manager and Mine Mate.

11.1 Infrastructure Following infrastructure and operational system will be provided to meet any emergencies.

Emergency Control Room This will be situated in an area away from the places of fire and will be provided with the following facilities:-  Master plan of the mines.  First aid boxes.  Telephone line with STD facility.  Loud hailers.  Emergency lighting system.  Stretchers.  Transport facility.  Mine Office will function as control base

Assembly Points Assembly points are to be set up farthest from the location of likely hazardous events, where pre- designated persons from the works, contractors and visitors would assemble in case of emergency. Up-to-date list of pre-designated employees of various departments must be available at these points so that roll call could be taken. Pre-designated persons would take charge of these points and mark presence as the people come into it.

Communication System Considering the small area of the mine, communication will be carried out over walky-talky or mobile phones. Warning alarms/sirens will also be provided to announce emergency situations.

Warning System and Control The Control Centers will be located at an area of minimum risk or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the wind direction, areas which might be affected by fire/explosion, toxic releases, etc. For promptness and efficiency, the premises/storage sites may be divided into number of zones, which should be clearly marked on the site plan.

Emergency Services This includes the fire-fighting system, first aid center, hospital etc. Alternate sources of power supply for operating fire pumps, communication with local bodies, fire brigade etc., will also be

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clearly identified. Adequate number of external and internal telephone connections will be provided.

Fire Protection System The fire protection system for the proposed mine will consist of Portable hand appliances of suitable types/ capacities for extinguishing small fires in selected areas of the mine/storage areas. Suitable fire extinguishers will also be provided in the cabins of the mine machinery operating in the mine.

12. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

The main areas of concern for ensuring adequate occupational health and safety are:-

 All working places will have safe means of access, safe working platform and exit. Persons working in high dust prone area will be provided with dust mask.  Personal protective equipments like dust masks, ear plug/ear muff, safety helmet, safety shoes, safety goggles etc. will be provided to the workers.  Proper unit design and engineering controls in order to protect workers, including by control of process and fugitive emissions.  Adequate arrangement of treated drinking water, rest shelters, etc will be done.  Education & training will be provided to the workforce about facilities, protective equipment, risk associated, potential health effects, etc.  Display board will be provided showing the hazards associated and recommended precautionary measures.

12.1 Medical Surveillance Following are the proposed Medical Surveillance will be conducted for all employees:-

 Pre-employment medical check-up. * Pulmonary Function Test * Complete Physical Examination * Blood Test * Urine Test * Chest X ray  Once in Six months medical check-up of each employee.  Form 27A Fitness Certificate will be obtained every year from certified surgeon.  Form 17 Health Register of each employee will be obtained every year from certified surgeon.  Individual medical record will be maintained.

12.2 Occupational Health The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is primarily due to dust and noise which could affect the workers from respiratory and hearing problems. The necessary personal protective equipments will be given to all the workers.

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First aid facilities will be kept readily available during the mine working period and a vehicle will be kept ready to mobilize emergency cases to nearby hospital. All working personnel will be medically examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination.

12.3 Safety Plan Safety of both men and materials during operation phases is of concern. Safety plan will be prepared and implemented in the proposed site. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency plan. The disaster is possible due to collapse of rock structures and fire/explosion etc.

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance phases a safety policy will be formulated

12.4 Safety Training Safety training will be provided to all the mine employees at the nearby Authorised Vocational Training Center. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labors will also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness, leaflets will be distributed.

12.5 Health & Safety Monitoring Plan The health of all employees will be monitored once in a year for early detection of any ailment due to exposure of dust, heat and noise.

13. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

The proposed environmental monitoring programme in project operation stage is given in Table 9. Besides to this monitoring, the compliances to all environmental clearance conditions and consents from KSPCB/ MoEF will be monitored and reported periodically.

TABLE 9: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Sl. Environment Action to be Followed Parameters Frequency of Location No. Aspect for Monitoring Monitoring

1 Air Emissions Ambient air quality PM10, PM2.5, Once in 3 One location

within mining area and SO2, NOx. months within mining at the nearby area & one habitations. location at Mankode village Exhaust from mining Vehicle logs to Quarterly - machinery to be be maintained minimized periodic maintenance

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Sl. Environment Action to be Followed Parameters Frequency of Location No. Aspect for Monitoring Monitoring Prohibition of Vehicle logs Daily records Main gate overloading and adoption of covered transportation of stone 2 Noise Noise generated from Spot Noise Once in a One location various mining Level quarter within mining operation like drilling/ recording; (Noise level area & one

blasting/ vehicular Leq(day), in dB (A) for location at

movement to be Leq(night) day and night Mankode optimized and time. village monitored. Generation of vehicular Maintain Periodic Mine working noise records of during area vehicles operation phase 3 Wastewater No untreated discharge Quality of run- Periodic Garland drains, Discharge to be made to surface off water from during settling ponds water, groundwater or settling operation soil. tank/pond phase 4 Drainage and Ensure drainage system Visual Periodic Surface run-off effluent and specific design inspection of during from ML area Management measures are working drainage and operation during rains. effectively. records thereof phase Quality of Avoid disturbance to discharge water, the natural drainage of if any. the area. 5 Water Quality Monitoring of used Comprehensive Once in a Accumulated and Water water quality & water quality quarter water in mine Levels groundwater quality monitoring as pit & ground and levels per IS 10500 water Depth of monitoring ground water from Mining table area and one location at Mankode village 6 Emergency Fire protection and Mock drill Periodic Explosive van, preparedness, safety measures to take records, on site during mine machinery such as fire care of fire and emergency operation fighting explosion hazards, to plan, phase be assessed and steps evacuation plan

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Sl. Environment Action to be Followed Parameters Frequency of Location No. Aspect for Monitoring Monitoring taken for their prevention. 7 Maintenance Vegetation, greenbelt / No. of plants, Periodic Plantation area of flora and green cover species, during in mine. fauna development survival rate operation phase 8 Waste Implement waste Records of Periodic Mine lease area Management management plan and solid waste during the procedures for generation, operation collection, handling & treatment and phase disposal of each waste disposal generated in the mine. 9 Soil quality Conservation of top Soil fertility, Periodical Plantation area, soil excavated soil monitoring top soil dump contamination 10 Health & Employees and All relevant Regular Mine workings Safety contractual labour parameters check ups health check ups including HIV

Environmental Management Cell An Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be established under the control of mines manager. A qualified person will be appointed by Mr. S. vinod, for looking after the environmental monitoring and compliance with the conditions stipulated in the Environmental clearance for the proposed mine. The environmental monitoring will be carried out by external agency approved by MoEF/KSPCB and NABL for conducting the monitoring. The hierarchy of EMC is shown below:

Mines Manager

Environmental External Laboratory Scientist / Chemist Approved by MoEF/KSPCB

Assistant (1) Gardener (1) Water Sprinkler Operator (1)

The responsibilities of EMC will be as follows: 1. Implementation of pollution control measures as suggested in Environmental Management Plan

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2. Conducting environmental monitoring as per EMP through external laboratories approved by MoEF/KSPCB and NABL 3. Ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance for the project. 4. Ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in 'Consent to Operate' for the project. 5. Timely submission of compliance status to MoEF/KSPCB 6. Seeking experts guidance, as and when required. 7. Conducting CSR activities in nearby villages. 8. Implementation of training programme for Health and safety of workers

14. BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

A budget has been earmarked for implementation of the environmental management plan in the proposed building stone quarry. The amount earmarked may be increased in future as per the actual requirement at the site. The proposed budget for environmental management plan is given in Table 10 below:

TABLE 10: PROPOSED BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Sl. Description of item Capital cost Recurring cost / No. (Rs. in Lakh) annum (Rs. in Lakh) 1 Air Pollution Control - Water sprinkling on 0.8 0.4 haul road & in plantation area (pumps, pipes, manpower, etc) 2 Water Pollution Control (Garland drains & 0.8 0.4 Settling tanks, check dam/gully plugs, etc) 3 Environmental Monitoring and Management -- 1.0 4 Green belt Development & Plantation 0.6 0.2 5 Fertilizer, Manure, Manpower, etc. 0.6 0.2 6 Fencing 1.0 0.2 7 CSR Activities in nearby villages -- 3.0 Total 3.8 5.4

15. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

 The Building Stone quarry will have overall positive impact in the surrounding areas as there will be increased opportunity of direct and indirect employment for the local people.  The State Govt will benefit from the revenue in the form of Royalty and Cess from the mine.  At conceptual stage, most of the mine lease area will be covered with thick plantation and a surface water reservoir will be developed in part of the mined out void in lower benches of the mine lease area.

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 The water body developed in the mine lease area can be used for pisci-culture by nearby villagers.  The project implementation will help in development of infrastructures facilities of the area.  There are no Resettlement and Rehabilitation issues involved in this project.

From the above mentioned points, it can be seen that the proposed project will benefit the area without causing any significant disturbance to the environment.

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