SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGT n"'7_~~. E , . __ 7 ':.1',,. .r ; 2 ? 5 " March, 1972 Vol. 21, No.3 CD .. '. A "MARCH" LION The U.S. Center for Computer Sciences and Technology - Ruth M. Davis -- Its Responsibilities and Visions Computer Thinking - G. M. R. Graham Forty Plus One Ways to Cut a Coat - Hughes Aircraft Co. Pictorial Reasoning Tests - Analysis and Answers - Neil Macdonald Dallas: Who? How? Why? - Mikhail Sagatelyan S N TECH1aO 1P02121147F6 7301 S ' 3S2iS3Z22SitAiliS *N TECHNICAL SERVICES 00808 180 W SAN CARLOS ST • SA J SE CA 95113 Advertisement ZINGO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A New Game For Computers and / or People • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • •000' • • • • • ••• • • • • • ••• • • "Dice in quantity, instead of just singles or pairs, provide an exciting 'Iearn-as­ • • • • • • • you-play' introduction to probability and statistics. They are much more inter­ • • • • • esting and much easier to toss, than pennies in quantity." • • • • • • • From time to time computer people hunt for games two dice, but it can be produced by about 10 or 11 or that are fun to investigate, fun to play with an­ 12 combinations of 3 of the numbers 1 to 6 using addi­ other person, and fun to play with a computer, which tion, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising should be rather easily programmed to play the game. to a power, factorial, and square root. If a player finds that he cannot produce 7 combinations making Such a game is Zingo. The rules for playing it 35, each of them using 3 dice, he is compelled to are as follows: drop back to 6 combinations and is very likely ItO lose. Rules of Zingo The Working Out of a Throw 1. Number of Players. There are two or more For example, suppose a throw of 21 di ce is as follows: players, each using 21 dice (or some other chosen number of dice). 111223334455555666666 2. Choices. The players agree on a NUMBER to be and the Agreed Number to be produced is 35. The PRODUCED from a throw of the dice and the allow­ possible combinations of "least cost" (which is 3) able arithmetical operations to produce it. are shown in the following table: USE OF THE THROW TO PRODUCE 35 For example, in Advanced Zingo, the number to be produced might be 35, and the allowable operations (1) ( 2) (3) (4) might be addition, subtraction, multiplication, di­ Amount Total Dice VISIon, raising to a power, and factorial. In Ele­ Formula Combination of Use Used UE mentary Zingo, the number to be produced might be 2, (6X6)-1 35 1, 6, 6 3 and the allowable operations might be addition and = 9 subtraction. 41+31+5 = 35 3, 4, 5 2 6 5 2, 3, 1 3. Throw. Each player then rolls his 21 dice, 2 +3 = 35 5 3 and obtains a THROW. (2+5)X5 = 35 2, 5, 5 1 3 4. Production. Each player then arranges his Count, 7 Cost, 21 dice in allowed arithmetical COMBINATIONS to PRODUCE the agreed NUMBER. For more information -- especially on the comput~ Thus in Advanced Zingo, suppose the NUMBER to be er program -- see the article "Zingo -- A New Com­ produced is 35. If a player's THROW of 21 dice in­ puter Game" starting on page 33 of the February cluded a two, a three, and a five, he could use 1972 issue. those 3 dice to PRODUCE 35 because of the COMBINA­ TION 2 to the 5th power plus 3 equals 35. Any reader interested in obtaining dozens of dice for use in Zingo (and similar games and statistical In Elementary Zingo, suppose the NUMBER to be pro­ experiments), may use the coupon below. duced is 2. Then the player could use the two by itself to PRODUCE one 2, and the three and the five -- (may be copied on any piece of paper) to PRODUCE a second 2 because of the COMBINATION 5 I - minus 3 equals 2. To: Computers and Automation 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 5. Scoring. If a player uses up all the outcomes Yes, please send me package (s) of 50 small shown by his dice in his throw, by making combin­ dice (about 3/8-inch on an edge) for playing ations that produce the agreed number, he'scores Zingo, and making other statistical investi­ 2 points, for "going out". If the number of his gations. combinations exceeds the number of combinations of the other player (or all the other players), For each package, I enclose $2.30 plus 20 cents then he scores 3 additional points. for handli ng (a total of $2.50 per package). Total enclosed $ (Prepayment is necessary.) Thus there is a premium on using all of the dice in one's throw, and a premium on making more combina­ Name __________________________________________ tions than the other player (or players). Address"______________________________________ __ Incidentally 35 is a particularly interesting number to produce because it cannot be produced by ______________________________ Zip__________ __ DO YOU REALIZE THAT • Every minute in the United States there are THREE burglaries? • The total annual loss to Americans from burglary is over 500 million dollars a year? - AND CLIMBING? ARE YOU EVER WORRIED ABOUT BURGLARS? DO YOU WONDER if you will return some evening to find your home ransacked and your valuables taken?* - If so, why not take a look at our BRAINIAC® HOMEOWNER'S PROTECTIVE KIT K 40 This kit is designed to give you thorough, sensible information and materials relating to LOCKS, BARS, ALARMS, SYSTEMS, and STRATEGY to help you protect your home against a burglar, a fire, a flood. THE BRAINIAC K40 KIT: CONTENTS (Preliminary List) • Explains and illustrates clearly how you, with Detecting and Sensing Devices simple ordinary tools and simple economical 20 leaf-spring contacts devices, can protect your home against a 1 magnetic contact burglar, a fire, a flood. 1 tilt-sensitive contact • Enables you to design and make for yourself a 1 pressure-sensitive contact reliable, effective, protective system (in­ 2 heat-sensitive contacts cluding locks and alarms) -- not a toy system 1 water-sensitive contact but a working system • Gives you a vast saving over ordinary commercial Indicating and Acting Devices protective systems (they are priced $300 to 1 alarm siren $3000 and higher) 1 continuity tester, to make sure that an electrical • Contains all the special parts needed for most circuit is complete homes (but does not contain what you can buy 1 red lamp for showing "alarm" condition easily at a local hardware store -- batteries, 1 green lamp for showing "safe" condition locks, etc.) Other Hardware TAKE ADVANTAGE of our prepublication offer ••. 2 relays: one is a "sensitive" relay which is in a save $10 ... send $38.50 check (or money order) 1.5 volt "sensing" circuit; if this circuit is with your order now (please do not send cash) interrupted, a second relay energizes a 6 volt alarm circuit Publication of this kit is scheduled for June: 1 reset switch, so that the circuits can change back price after publication: $48.50 to the "sensing" condition 2 on-off switches RETURNABLE WITHIN SEVEN DAYS AFTER YOU RECEIVE IT 1 punched panel for experimentally wiring circuits FOR FULL REFUND IF NOT SATISFACTORY (if in salable 4 spring pins condition) 40 feet of insulated wire 20 feet of foil strip, alumjnum or leadibolts, nuts, HOW CAN YOU LOSE? WHY NOT EXAMINE IT? etc. - -(may be copied on any piece of paper)- ----- Books and Other Information "Practical Ways to Prevent Burglary" by Val Moorman, To: Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. paper-bound, 1971, 192 pp Publisher of "Computers and Automation" "Protecting your Home against Burglary and other 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 Hazards: Problems, Strategy, and Systems" by E. C. Berkeley (former member, City of Newton Yes, please send me the Brainiac Homeowner's Crime Prevention Committee), paper-bound, 1972, Protective Kit K 40 as soon as it is ready. 96 pp I enclose $38.50 ( ) check ( ) money order. "The Materials in the Kit -- Instructions and (DO NOT SEND CASH, PLEASE) Explanations" "Buyers' Guide to Products in the Anti-Burglary I understand the kit is returnable within seven days Field" after I receive it, for FULL REFUND if it is not Bibliography satisfactory (if in salable condition.) :. Note: It has happened to me, and I didn't like My name and address are attached. it! -- E. C. Berkeley Vol. 21, No.3 March, 1972 computers Editor Edmund C. Berkeley and automation Assistant Editors Barbara L. Chaffee Linda Ladd Lovett Neil D. Macdonald Software Editor Stewart B. Nelson Advertisillf: Edmund C. Berkeley Director Art Director RayW. Hass The Computer Industry Publisher·s Paul T. Moriarty Assistallt 7 THE U.S. CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES [NT A] COlltributillf: John Bennett AND TECHNOLOGY - ITS RESPONSIBILITIES AND Editors Moses M. Berlin VISIONS Andrew D. Booth John W. Carr III by Ruth M. Davis, Director, Center for Computer Ned Chapin Sciences and Technology, National Bureau of Alston S. Householder Standards, Gaithersburg, Md. Leslie Mezei An important and far-ranging report on the Ted Schoeters "computer technological supporting system" .. Richard E. Sprague and the problems facing the computer world. Advisof1l James J. Cryan Com;nittee Alston S. Householder Bernard Quint 14 COMPUTER SYSTEM MODELS [T A] by Salvatore C. Gatania, Univac Div., Sperry Rand Corp., Blue 8ell, Pa. EditorialOffices Berkeley Enterprises,lnc. The requirements for general mathematical and 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 simulation models ... and a description of the 617-332-5453 models used to study the performance of pro­ posed systems. Advertisinf: THE PUBLISHER Contact Berkeley Enterprises,lnc. 17 COMPUTER THINKING [T A] 815 Washington St., by G. M. R. Graham, Brandon Applied Systems Ltd., Newtonville, Mass.