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Characterization and Assessment of Argamasa Applied As a Water University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation January 2006 Characterization and Assessment of Argamasa Applied as a Water-Resistant Masonry Surface Finish on the Dome of the Capilla de Nuestra Señora del Rosario Iglesia San José, San Juan, Puerto Rico Jill T. Verhosek University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Verhosek, Jill T., "Characterization and Assessment of Argamasa Applied as a Water-Resistant Masonry Surface Finish on the Dome of the Capilla de Nuestra Señora del Rosario Iglesia San José, San Juan, Puerto Rico " (2006). Theses (Historic Preservation). 19. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/19 Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2006. Advisor: Frank G. Matero This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/19 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Characterization and Assessment of Argamasa Applied as a Water-Resistant Masonry Surface Finish on the Dome of the Capilla de Nuestra Señora del Rosario Iglesia San José, San Juan, Puerto Rico Comments Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2006. Advisor: Frank G. Matero This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/19 CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ARGAMASA APPLIED AS A WATER-RESISTANT MASONRY SURFACE FINISH ON THE DOME OF THE CAPILLA DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL ROSARIO, IGLESIA SAN JOSÉ, SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO Jill T. Verhosek A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2006 __________________________________ _________________________________________ Advisor Reader Frank G. Matero Beatriz del Cueto, FAIA Associate Professor of Architecture Director of Architectural Conservation Laboratory Graduate Program in Historic Preservation School of Architecture University of Pennsylvania Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico __________________________________ Program Chair Frank G. Matero Associate Professor of Architecture Graduate Program in Historic Preservation University of Pennsylvania ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the involvement and contribution of several people. First and foremost, I must thank my advisor, Frank Matero, for giving me the opportunity to pursue this topic and for lending his expertise on the subject. His guidance and patience throughout the entire process is sincerely appreciated. Many thanks to my reader, Beatriz del Cueto, and Gus Pantel for their extensive knowledge of the site and for the opportunity to take part in the current restoration. Their enthusiasm and dedication to Iglesia San José continues to motivate me. I would like to thank Edwin Colón Rios and the masons at the National Park Service, San Juan National Historic Site whose knowledge of lime mortars was invaluable and for preparing and donating materials of the highest quality. I extend my thanks to Dr. Tami Lasseter-Clare whose continual support and candid advice kept me focused on my research. A very special thanks to my classmates, Bhawna Dandona, Frances Ford, Christy Lombardo, Victoria Pingarron Alvarez, and Kelly Wong, who sacrificed their own research time to help me in the lab, and to Nahal Badiian-Farahani and Zahira Machido for their excellent translation skills. Finally, a heartfelt thank you to my family and friends, especially my parents, whose encouragement and support means so much to me. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................. ix LIST OF GRAPHS .................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1-CAPILLA DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL ROSARIO 1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 SITE BACKGROUND.................................................................................................. 2 1.3 THE DOME:SURFACE FINISHES.............................................................................. 4 1.3.1 ARGAMASA ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3.2 CONTEMPORARY ROOF MEMBRANES................................................................. 7 1.3.2.1 CEMENTS ..................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2.2 SYNTHETIC PAINTS ....................................................................................... 8 1.3.2.3 SINGLE-PLY MEMBRANES.............................................................................. 9 1.4 RESEARCH GOALS ................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2-LIME-CRUSHED BRICK MORTARS 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 22 2.2 COCCIOPESTO ........................................................................................................ 22 2.3 HISTORICAL USE OF CRUSHED BRICK IN LIME MORTARS.................................. 23 2.4 HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES ...................................................................................... 30 2.5 ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC MORTARS IN PUERTO RICO........................................... 32 2.5.1 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................ 33 2.5.2 GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 35 2.5.3 X-RAY DIFFRACTION........................................................................................ 37 2.5.4 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY..................................................................................... 38 2.5.5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS.................................................................................. 39 CHAPTER 3-MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 41 iii 3.2 RESTORATION MORTARS ...................................................................................... 41 3.2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................... 42 3.2.2 RECOMMENDED TESTING PROGRAM ................................................................ 48 3.3 CURRENT RESEARCH............................................................................................. 49 3.3.1 MORTAR FORMULATIONS................................................................................. 50 3.3.2 MATERIALS ...................................................................................................... 53 3.3.2.1 LIME .......................................................................................................... 53 3.3.2.2 SAND.......................................................................................................... 54 3.3.2.3 COARSE STUFF........................................................................................... 55 3.3.2.4 CRUSHED BRICK ........................................................................................ 55 3.3.2.5 CRUSHED LIMESTONE................................................................................. 59 3.3.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION..................................................................................... 60 3.3.3.1 COARSE STUFF........................................................................................... 60 3.3.3.2 MIXING AND MOLDING ............................................................................... 61 3.3.3.3 CURING...................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 4-TESTING PROGRAM FOR NON-CURED MORTARS 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 71 4.2 CONSISTENCY ........................................................................................................ 72 4.2.1 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR FLOW OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTAR........ 73 4.2.1.1 EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................... 73 4.2.1.2 PROCEDURE............................................................................................... 74 4.3 SET TIME................................................................................................................ 74 4.3.1 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR TIME OF SETTING OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT BY VICAT NEEDLE..........................................................................................................
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