DOCSLIB.ORG

Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the Adjacent Islands in Field Museum of Natural History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the Adjacent Islands in Field Museum of Natural History XI E> R.AFLY OF THE UNIVERSITY or ILLINOIS 5^0.5 FI ZOOLOGICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 VOLUME XIII CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS PART X ICTERIDAE WILFRED H. OSGOOD CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY EDITOR PUBLICATION 381 CHICAGO, U.S.A. APRIL 12, 1937 ZOOLOGICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 VOLUME XIII CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS IN FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST INDIES, AND ISLANDS OP THE CARIBBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE INCLUDED ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS PART X ICTERIDAE WILFRED H. OSGOOD CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OP ZOOLOGY EDITOR PUBLICATION 381 CHICAGO, U.S.A. APRIL 12, 1937 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS v.13 EDITOR'S NOTE As a matter of convenience, the present part of the "Catalogue of the Birds of the Americas" is confined to the treatment of the family Icteridae. As prepared by the author, the manuscript cover- ing this family was included with that of the Fringillidae, and only a single introduction was written. In this, he states that "the families treated are fairly circumscribed, but their further classification offers unusual difficulties. In the case of the Troupials, the author is bound to agree with the late Robert Ridgway's view that splitting into subfamilies serves no practical purpose, since no fast lines can be drawn between the minor groups proposed by certain systematists." Various museums and individuals, as heretofore, have cooperated in the preparation of this part by supplying material and information. Full acknowledgment to these will be made in the part (Part XI) devoted to the families Fringillidae, Ploceidae, Catamblyrhynchidae, and Paradiseidae, which will go to press in the near future. WILFRED H. OSGOOD January 5, 1937 iii CONTENTS Orders, Families, and Genera Included in Part X ORDER PASSERIFORMES SUBORDER OSCINES FAMILY ICTERIDAE Cassin 94 (Troupials) PAGE Euphagus Dives Cassin 96 Ocyalus Waterhouse 1 Ptiloxena 99 Zarhynchus Oberholser 2 Chapman Lampropsar Cabanis 100 Clypicterus Bonaparte 4 Icterus Daudin 102 Gymnostinops Sclater 5 Reichenbach 157 Xanthornus Pallas 10 Gymnomystax Vieillot 159 Cacicus Lacepede 24 Agelaius 184 Archiplanus Cabanis 35 Xanthopsar Ridgway Sclater Amblycercus Cabanis 41 Nesopsar 185 Cassiculus Swainson 45 Xanthocephalus Bonaparte 186 Psomocolax Peters 46 Amblyramphus Leach 187 Tangavius Lesson 50 Gnorimopsar Richmond 188 Molothrus Swainson 54 Notiopsar Oberholser 192 Macroagelaius Cassin 72 Pseudoleistes Sclater 194 Hypopyrrhus Bonaparte 73 Leistes Vigors 197 Quiscalus Vieillot 74 Pezites Cabanis 202 Holoquiscalus Cassin 77 Sturnella Vieillot 209 Cassidix Lesson . 88 Dolichonyx Swainson 220 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR PART X Order PASSERIFORMES Continued Suborder OSCINES Continued Family ICTERIDAE. Troupials Genus OCYALUS Waterhouse Ocyalus Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., "1840," p. 183, pub. July, 1841 type, by monotypy, Cassicus (Ocyalus) popayanus Waterhouse=CsstCMS latirostris Swainson. Ocyalus latirostris (Swainson). SWAINSON'S OROPENDOLA. Cassicus latirostris Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 358, Dec. 31, 1837 Peru (type in coll. of W. Hooker); 1 Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 71 "New Grenada" (crit.). Cassicus (Ocyalus) popayanus Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., "1840," p. 183, pub. July, 1841 "Popayan," Colombia, errore (type in coll. of Zoological Society of London, now in British Museum). Ocyalus latirostris Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 427, 1850 "Brazil, Pebas" (descr.); Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 127, 1862 "Upper Amazon"; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 182 upper Ucayali, near Cashaboya, Peru; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 749 Nauta, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 265 Peru (Nauta, upper Ucayali, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz); Sclater, Ibis, (5),1, 1883, p. 146 Peru (Nauta, Sarayacu, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, Iquitos), Ecuador (Sarayacu), and "Popayan" (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 2, p. 402, 1884 Peru (Nauta, upper Ucayali, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz); Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 311, 1886 Colombia ("Popayan"), Ecuador (Sarayacu), and Peru (Iquitos, upper Ucayali, Sarayacu, Nauta); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 86, 1922 near Archidona, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 690, 1926 eastern Ecuador. Present location unrecorded. The type may be either at Liverpool or at Cambridge (Engl.). 2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII 1 Range. Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. 2 Genus ZARHYNCHUS Oberholser 3 Eucorystes (not of Bell, 1862) Sclater, Ibis, (5), 1, p. 147, 1883 type, by monotypy, Cacicus wagleri Gray and Mitchell. Zarhynchus Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 215, 1899 new name for Eucorystes Sclater, preoccupied. *Zarhynchus wagleri wagleri (Gray and Mitchell). WAGLER'S OROPENDOLA. Cacicus wagleri Gray and Mitchell, Genera of Birds, 2, p. 342, pi. Ixxxv, October, 1844 no type or locality indicated (the type in the British Museum is from Coban, Guatemala). 4 Zarhynchus wagleri mexicanus Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 3, p. 151 , 1901 Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in U. S. National Museum); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 2, p. 178, 1902 southern Mexico to Guatemala (monog.); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 112, 1907 Finca Chapulco, near Los Amates, Guatemala; Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 392, 1929 Cayo District, British Hon- duras; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 337, 1932 Chiloma and San Pedro, Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 386, 1932 Guatemala (Finca Sepur, Finca Sepacuite, Secanquim, Finca Concepcion). Ocyalus wagleri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, p. 228 San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Moore, I.e., 1859, p. 57 Chiloma, Hon- duras; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 19 Cahabon, Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 141 Lanquin, Guatemala; Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Bds., p. 127, 1862 Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 837 Honduras. Cassicus wagleri Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 72 part, Mexico. Ocyalus waglerii Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, p. 553, 1869 Cerro de la Defensa, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Boucard, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.), 25, p. 45, 1878 Guatemala. 1 The locality "Popayan" (in the Temperate zone of Colombia!) is unques- tionably erroneous. 2 Material examined. Ecuador: Archidona, 1. Peru: Maynas, 1; Iquitos, 2; Rio Contanamo, Rio Ucayali, 2. 3 This genus hardly deserves recognition, Z. wagleri being clearly the western and northern representative of Ocyalus latirostris. 4 Careful examination of the series in the British Museum by Mr. N. B. Kinnear, to whom I am greatly indebted for his assistance in the matter, led to an unexpected result. Gray's type, a male presented by Leadbeater in 1843 and marked "Coban(?)," proved to be an example of the northern form with dark chest- nut head and rump, agreeing well with individuals from Teapa (Chiapas) and Choctum (Guatemala). Z. w. mexicanus thus becomes a synonym of C. wagleri, and the paler form of southern Central America to Ecuador needed a new name. This was recently provided by van Rossem, who independently came to the same conclusion by personal examination of the type specimen. 1937 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR 3 Eucorystes wagleri Sclater, Ibis, 1883, p. 147 part, Mexico (Vera Cruz) to Honduras; idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 312, 1886 part, spec, a-f, Mexico and Guatemala (Coban, Choctum); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 436, 1886 part, Mexico (Cerro de la Defensa), Guatemala (Cahabdn, Lanquin, Choctum), and Honduras (Chiloma, San Pedro); Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 222, 1899 Chocan River, Guatemala. Range. Tropical zone of southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz (Cerro de la Defensa, Motzorongo) and Chiapas (Teapa), Guatemala, British Honduras, and Honduras. 1 1: Guatemala (Los Amates, 1). *Zarhynchus wagleri ridgwayi van Rossem. 2 PALE-NAPED OROPENDOLA. Zarhynchus wagleri ridgwayi van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 405, Dec., 1934 Limon, Costa Rica (type in the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena). Ocyalus wagleri (not Cacicus wagleri Gray and Mitchell) Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium, 1, (2), p. 427, 1850 "Venezuela" (diag.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, p. 153 "Bogota," Colombia; Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 138 Rio Truando and Rio Nercua, Colombia; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 297, 1861 Panama Railroad; Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 9, 1861 Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 353 Panama; Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 142 Santa Fe, Veragua; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 1 N. Y., 9, p. 104, 1868 Costa Rica (San Jose , Turrialba, San Carlos); Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 302, 1869 Costa Rica (San Mateo, Agua- cate, Or6si); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 190 Chitra and Calobre, Veragua; Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 317 Chontales, Nicaragua; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 58 Orosi, Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 508, pi. 43, fig. 3 (egg) Pocune" and Remedios, Colombia; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 393, 1882 San Jose" to Puntarenas, Costa Rica; Goodfellow, Ibis, 1901, p. 476 Santo Do- mingo, Ecuador (habits). Cassicus wagleri Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, p. 72 part, Costa Rica (San Jose, Angostura, Turrialba, San Carlos), Panama, and "New Grenada." Eucorystes wagleri Sclater, Ibis, (5), 1, 1883, p. 147 part, Nicaragua (Chontales), Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia), and Ecuador (Balzar); idem, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 312, 1886 part, spec, g-s, Nicaragua (Chontales), Costa Rica (Tucurriqui), Panama (Santa Fe, ^Material examined.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lesser Antilles Incuding Trinidad
    The brilliant Lesser Antillean Barn Owl again showed superbly. One of several potential splits not yet recognized by the IOC (Pete Morris) THE LESSER ANTILLES INCUDING TRINIDAD 5 – 20/25 JUNE 2015 LEADERS: PETE MORRIS After our successful tour around the Caribbean in 2013, it was great to get back again this year. It all seemed pretty straightforward this time around, and once again we cleaned up on all of the available endemics, po- 1 BirdQuest Tour Report:The Lesser Antilles www.birdquest-tours.com The fabulous White-breasted Thrasher from Martinique (Pete Morris) tential splits and other goodies. For sure, this was no ordinary Caribbean holiday! During the first couple of weeks we visited no fewer than ten islands (Antigua, Barbuda, Montserrat, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St Lucia, St Vincent, Barbados and Grenada), a logistical feat of some magnitude. With plenty of LIAT flights (the islanders refer to LIAT as ‘Leave Island any Time’ and ‘Luggage in Another Terminal’ to name but two of the many funny phrases coined from LIAT) and unreliable AVIS car hire reservations, we had our work cut out, but in the end, all worked out! It’s always strange birding on islands with so few targets, but with so many islands to pack-in, we were never really short of things to do. All of the endemics showed well and there were some cracking highlights, including the four smart endemic amazons, the rare Grenada Dove, the superb Lesser Antillean Barn Owl, the unique tremblers and White-breasted Thrashers, and a series of colourful endemic orioles to name just a few! At the end of the Lesser Antilles adventure we enjoyed a few days on Trinidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Ecology, Conservation, and Community Responses
    BIRD ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO LOGGING IN THE NORTHERN PERUVIAN AMAZON by NICO SUZANNE DAUPHINÉ (Under the Direction of Robert J. Cooper) ABSTRACT Understanding the responses of wildlife communities to logging and other human impacts in tropical forests is critical to the conservation of global biodiversity. I examined understory forest bird community responses to different intensities of non-mechanized commercial logging in two areas of the northern Peruvian Amazon: white-sand forest in the Allpahuayo-Mishana Reserve, and humid tropical forest in the Cordillera de Colán. I quantified vegetation structure using a modified circular plot method. I sampled birds using mist nets at a total of 21 lowland forest stands, comparing birds in logged forests 1, 5, and 9 years postharvest with those in unlogged forests using a sample effort of 4439 net-hours. I assumed not all species were detected and used sampling data to generate estimates of bird species richness and local extinction and turnover probabilities. During the course of fieldwork, I also made a preliminary inventory of birds in the northwest Cordillera de Colán and incidental observations of new nest and distributional records as well as threats and conservation measures for birds in the region. In both study areas, canopy cover was significantly higher in unlogged forest stands compared to logged forest stands. In Allpahuayo-Mishana, estimated bird species richness was highest in unlogged forest and lowest in forest regenerating 1-2 years post-logging. An estimated 24-80% of bird species in unlogged forest were absent from logged forest stands between 1 and 10 years postharvest.
    [Show full text]
  • 50000132.Pdf
    EDITORIAL EARTH Lic. José Ruperto Arce (Coordinador) Russo, Ricardo O. Reducción y mitigación de la pobreza en la Región Huetar Atlántica [Documento electrónico] / Ricardo O Russo y Eliécer Ureña… 1º ed.- Guácimo, CR: Editorial EARTH, 2006. 24 p. : il. Serie Documentos Técnicos, No. 4. ISBN 1. MITIGACIÓN DE LA POBREZA. 2. POBREZA. 3. MERCADO DEL TRABAJO. 4. EMPLEO. 5. REGIÓN HUETAR ATLÁNTICA. EARTH. I. Russo, Ricardo O. II. Ureña, Eliécer. Universidad EARTH Agosto, 2006. Las Mercedes de Guácimo, Limón Costa Rica Apartado Postal 4442-1000 San José, Costa Rica Teléfono 506 - 713 0000 • Fax 506 - 713 0184 Universidad de Costa Rica Universidad EARTH TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………………………………1 2. EL ESTUDIO DE LA POBREZA EN COSTA RICA ……………….1 3. LA POBREZA EN LA RHA…………………………………..………7 3.1. El ingreso y el empleo.………………………………………...7 3.2. Los servicios………….………………………………..….…..10 3.3. La oferta institucional….……………………………………...14 4. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES …………… …….18 4.1. Conclusiones………………………………………….……….18 4.2. Recomendaciones………………………………………..…….19 4.3. Bibliografía……………………………………………..……...23 Universidad de Costa Rica Universidad EARTH Reducción y mitigación de la pobreza en la Región Huetar Atlántica - Ricardo O. Russo y Eliécer Ureña Reducción y mitigación de la pobreza en la Región Huetar Atlántica Ricardo O. Russo y Eliécer Ureña 1. Introducción Este análisis de la pobreza en la Región Huetar Atlántica (RHA) y sus alternativas de reducirla y mitigarla es parte de un estudio sobre el empleo, el ingreso y el bienestar de la población realizada por los autores como apoyo regional auspiciado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Se basa en parte en los informes sobre el mercado laboral, la capacidad y potencial de la economía regional, y los proyectos y propuestas presentado por instituciones, programas y organizaciones en la RHA durante la elaboración del estudio.
    [Show full text]
  • Más Información De La Agencia
    Dirección Nacional de Extensión Agropecuaria CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DE LA AGENCIA DE EXTENSIÓN AGROPECUARIA 1. DATOS GENERALES DE LA AGENCIA DE EXTENSIÓN AGROPECUARIA 1.1. Nombre de la AEA: Cahuita 1.2. Teléfono: 21056341 1.3. Ubicación Física (Dirección Exacta): Contiguo al Salón Comunal 1.4. Nombre de la Jefatura: Keneth Bolivar Quiel, correo [email protected] 1.5. Recurso humano (Extensionistas, Apoyo secretarial, Apoyo administrativo, misceláneo) RECURSO HUMANO DE LA AGENCIA Nombre Cargo Especialidad Correo Keneth Bolivar Quiel Jefe Fitotecnia [email protected] Yuri Payan Molano Secretaria Secretariado [email protected] Luis A. Fuentes Cornejo Técnico Técnico medio [email protected] Alfredo López Martínez Técnico Zootecnia [email protected] Kenet Bolívar Quiel Técnico Profesional Generalista [email protected] Alberto Rojas Bravo Técnico Profesional Generalista [email protected] Mapa Tomado del Estudio para el plan cantonal de desarrollo humano y plan estratégico del cantón de Talamanca. 2014-2024. Fuente: Estado de la Nación. Indicadores cantonales 2000/2011 Provincia de Limón. Dirección Nacional de Extensión Agropecuaria Tomado del Plan de Desarrollo Rural Territorial Talamanca-Valle la Estrella. 2015-2020. La Agencia de Extensión Agropecuaria de Cahuita está a cargo del Cantón de Talamanca y del Distrito de Valle de la Estrella. Dirección Nacional de Extensión Agropecuaria 2. INFORMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA 2.1. Caracterización socioeconómica 2.1.1. Información político administrativa y Comunidades del Área de Influencia de la Agencia *Tomado de: Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica. Área de Análisis del Desarrollo. Índice de desarrollo social 2017 / Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica.
    [Show full text]
  • Financing Plan, Which Is the Origin of This Proposal
    PROJECT DEVELOPMENT FACILITY REQUEST FOR PIPELINE ENTRY AND PDF-B APPROVAL AGENCY’S PROJECT ID: RS-X1006 FINANCINGIDB PDF* PLANIndicate CO-FINANCING (US$)approval 400,000date ( estimatedof PDFA ) ** If supplemental, indicate amount and date GEFSEC PROJECT ID: GEFNational ALLOCATION Contribution 60,000 of originally approved PDF COUNTRY: Costa Rica and Panama ProjectOthers (estimated) 3,000,000 PROJECT TITLE: Integrated Ecosystem Management of ProjectSub-Total Co-financing PDF Co- 960,000 the Binational Sixaola River Basin (estimated)financing: 8,500,000 GEF AGENCY: IDB Total PDF Project 960,000 OTHER EXECUTING AGENCY(IES): Financing:PDF A* DURATION: 8 months PDF B** (estimated) 500,000 GEF FOCAL AREA: Biodiversity PDF C GEF OPERATIONAL PROGRAM: OP12 Sub-Total GEF PDF 500,000 GEF STRATEGIC PRIORITY: BD-1, BD-2, IW-1, IW-3, EM-1 ESTIMATED STARTING DATE: January 2005 ESTIMATED WP ENTRY DATE: January 2006 PIPELINE ENTRY DATE: November 2004 RECORD OF ENDORSEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT: Ricardo Ulate, GEF Operational Focal Point, 02/27/04 Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE), Costa Rica Ricardo Anguizola, General Administrator of the 01/13/04 National Environment Authority (ANAM), Panama This proposal has been prepared in accordance with GEF policies and procedures and meets the standards of the GEF Project Review Criteria for approval. IA/ExA Coordinator Henrik Franklin Janine Ferretti Project Contact Person Date: November 8, 2004 Tel. and email: 202-623-2010 1 [email protected] PART I - PROJECT CONCEPT A - SUMMARY The bi-national Sixaola river basin has an area of 2,843.3 km2, 19% of which are in Panama and 81% in Costa Rica.
    [Show full text]
  • COLOMBIA 2019 Ned Brinkley Departments of Vaupés, Chocó, Risaralda, Santander, Antioquia, Magdalena, Tolima, Atlántico, La Gu
    COLOMBIA 2019 Ned Brinkley Departments of Vaupés, Chocó, Risaralda, Santander, Antioquia, Magdalena, Tolima, Atlántico, La Guajira, Boyacá, Distrito Capital de Bogotá, Caldas These comments are provided to help independent birders traveling in Colombia, particularly people who want to drive themselves to birding sites rather than taking public transportation and also want to book reservations directly with lodgings and reserves rather than using a ground agent or tour company. Many trip reports provide GPS waypoints for navigation. I used GoogleEarth/ Maps, which worked fine for most locations (not for El Paujil reserve). I paid $10/day for AT&T to hook me up to Claro, Movistar, or Tigo through their Passport program. Others get a local SIM card so that they have a Colombian number (cheaper, for sure); still others use GooglePhones, which provide connection through other providers with better or worse success, depending on the location in Colombia. For transportation, I used a rental 4x4 SUV to reach places with bad roads but also, in northern Colombia, a subcompact rental car as far as Minca (hiked in higher elevations, with one moto-taxi to reach El Dorado lodge) and for La Guajira. I used regular taxis on few occasions. The only roads to sites for Fuertes’s Parrot and Yellow-eared Parrot could not have been traversed without four-wheel drive and high clearance, and this is important to emphasize: vehicles without these attributes would have been useless, or become damaged or stranded. Note that large cities in Colombia (at least Medellín, Santa Marta, and Cartagena) have restrictions on driving during rush hours with certain license plate numbers (they base restrictions on the plate’s final numeral).
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Breeding and Demography of Yellow Cardinal
    ISSN (impISSNresso/printed) (printed) 0103-5657 ISSN (on-line) 2178-7875 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia Volume 25 Issue 1 www.museu-goeldi.br/rbo March 2017 PublicadaPublished pela / Published by the by the Sociedade BrasileirBraziliana de Orn iOrnithologicaltologia / Brazil iSocietyan Ornithological Society RioBelém Grande - P -A RS ISSN (impresso/printed) 0103-5657 ISSN (on-line) 2178-7875 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia Revista Brasileira EDITOR IN CHIEF Leandro Bugoni, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS E-mail: [email protected] MANAGING OFFICE ArVitortigos Moretti publicados and Regina na de R Siqueiraevista BuenoBrasileira de Ornitologia são indexados por: Biological Abstract, Scopus (Biobase, Geobase e EMBiology) e Zoological Record. de Ornitologia ASSOCIATE EDITORS Evolutionary Biology: Fábio Raposo do Amaral, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP Manuscripts published by RevistaGustavo Br asileiSebastiánra Cabanne,de Ornitologia Museo Argentino are c odev eCienciasred b yNaturales the foll “Bernadinoowing indexingRivadavia”, Buenosdatabases: Aires, Argentina Biological Abstracts, ScopusJason D. (Weckstein,Biobase, Field Geobase, Museum ofand Natural EM HistoryBiology),, Chicago, and USA Zoological Records. Behavior: Carla Suertegaray Fontana, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Eduardo S. Santos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Bibliotecas de referência para o depósito da versão impressa: Biblioteca do Museu de Zoologia Conservation:da USP, SP; Biblioteca doAlexander Museu Lees, N Manchesteracional, MetropolitanRJ; Biblioteca University do, Manchester, Museu UKParaense Emílio Goeldi, Ecology: PA; National Museum of CaioNatural Graco HMachado,istory UniversidadeLibrary, S Estadualmithsonian de Feira Idenstitution, Santana, Feira USA; de Santana, Louisiana BA State Systematics, Taxonomy,Universit andy, M Distribution:useum of NaturalLuciano Science, N.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Species-Level Molecular Phylogeny of the New World
    YMPEV 4758 No. of Pages 19, Model 5G 2 December 2013 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2013) xxx–xxx 1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev 5 6 3 A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World 4 blackbirds (Icteridae) a,⇑ a a b c d 7 Q1 Alexis F.L.A. Powell , F. Keith Barker , Scott M. Lanyon , Kevin J. Burns , John Klicka , Irby J. Lovette 8 a Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, and Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 9 55108, USA 10 b Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA 11 c Barrick Museum of Natural History, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA 12 d Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14950, USA 1314 15 article info abstract 3117 18 Article history: The New World blackbirds (Icteridae) are among the best known songbirds, serving as a model clade in 32 19 Received 5 June 2013 comparative studies of morphological, ecological, and behavioral trait evolution. Despite wide interest in 33 20 Revised 11 November 2013 the group, as yet no analysis of blackbird relationships has achieved comprehensive species-level sam- 34 21 Accepted 18 November 2013 pling or found robust support for most intergeneric relationships. Using mitochondrial gene sequences 35 22 Available online xxxx from all 108 currently recognized species and six additional distinct lineages, together with strategic 36 sampling of four nuclear loci and whole mitochondrial genomes, we were able to resolve most relation- 37 23 Keywords: ships with high confidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Nombre Del Comercio Provincia Distrito Dirección Horario
    Nombre del Provincia Distrito Dirección Horario comercio Almacén Agrícola Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, Cruce Del L-S 7:00am a 6:00 pm Aguas Claras Higuerón Camino A Rio Negro Comercial El Globo Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, contiguo L - S de 8:00 a.m. a 8:00 al Banco Nacional p.m. Librería Fox Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, frente al L - D de 7:00 a.m. a 8:00 Liceo Aguas Claras p.m. Librería Valverde Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala, Aguas Claras, 500 norte L-D de 7:00 am-8:30 pm de la Escuela Porfirio Ruiz Navarro Minisúper Asecabri Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, Las Brisas L - S de 7:00 a.m. a 6:00 400mts este del templo católico p.m. Minisúper Los Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala, Aguas Claras, Cuatro L-D de 6 am-8 pm Amigos Bocas diagonal a la Escuela Puro Verde Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala Aguas Claras, Porvenir L - D de 7:00 a.m. a 8:00 Supermercado 100mts sur del liceo rural El Porvenir p.m. (Upala) Súper Coco Alajuela Aguas Claras Alajuela, Upala, Aguas Claras, 300 mts L - S de 7:00 a.m. a 7:00 norte del Bar Atlántico p.m. MINISUPER RIO Alajuela AGUAS ALAJUELA, UPALA , AGUAS CLARAS, L-S DE 7:00AM A 5:00 PM NIÑO CLARAS CUATRO BOCAS 200M ESTE EL LICEO Abastecedor El Alajuela Aguas Zarcas Alajuela, Aguas Zarcas, 25mts norte del L - D de 8:00 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • 21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic
    version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 Version Available for Download From
    Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 14, 3rd edition). A 4th edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be available in 2009. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. DD MM YY Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro - Bióloga - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) Designation date Site Reference Number 99136-0940. Antonio Lisboa - Geógrafo - MSc. Biogeografia - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) 99137-1192. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio Rua Alfredo Cruz, 283, Centro, Boa Vista -RR. CEP: 69.301-140 2.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BLUEBIRD September 2003, Volume 70, No
    THE BLUEBIRD September 2003, Volume 70, No. 3 The Audubon Society of Missouri, Missouri's Ornithological Society Since 1901 THE AUDUBON SOCIETY OF MISSOURI Officers* Directors* Jerry Wade. President (2004) Paul Bauer (2003) 1221 Bradshaw Ave. Florissant (314) 921-3972 Columbia. MO 65203 Mike Beck (2003) (573) 445-6697 Blue Springs (816) 229-6811 [email protected] Lisa Berger (2005) Susan Gustafson. Vice Pres. (2004) Springfield (417) 881-8393 429 Belleview Ave. Webster Groves. MO 63119 David Easterla (2005) (314) 968-8128 Maryville (660) 582-8468 [email protected] Hope Eddleman (2004) Joyce Bathke. Treasurer (2004) Cape Girardeau (573) 335-1507 813 Cornell St Steve Kinder (2004) Columbia. MO 65203 Chillicothe (660) 646-6516 (573) 445-5758 Larry Lade (2003) [email protected] St. Joseph (816) 232-6125 Jim Zellmer. Secretary (2004) Ed McCullough (2005) 2001 NE 4th St. Kansas City (816) 505-2840 Blue Springs. MO 64014 (816) 228-3955 Clare Wheeler (2004) tow [email protected] Lake Ozark & Canton (573) 365-2951 Honorary Directors Chairs Nathan Fay, Ozark** Bonnie Reidy, Membership Richard A. Anderson. St. Louis** 501 Parkade Sydney Wade. Jefferson City** Columbia. MO 65202 John Wylie, Jefferson City** (573) 442-2191 Lisle Jeffrey, Columbia** [email protected] Floyd Lawhon. St. Joseph** Edge Wade. Bird Alert Leo Galloway, St. Joseph 1221 Bradshaw Ave. Patrick Mahnkey, Forsyth** Columbia. MO 65203 Rebecca Matthews, Springfield (573) 445-6697 Dave Witten. Columbia [email protected] Jim Jackson. Marthasville Bill Clark, Historian * Year Term Expires 3906 Grace Ellen Dr. **Deceased Columbia, MO 65202 (573) 47 4-4510 Cover Photo: Black-bellied Whistling Ducks, by Dm•id Note the spectacular Loess Easter/a.
    [Show full text]