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Demographics, Experiences, and Management Preferences of Backcountry Campers in Yellowstone National Park

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Demographics, Experiences, and Management Preferences of Backcountry Campers in Yellowstone National Park Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Electronic Theses and Dissertations 11-2018 Demographics, Experiences, and Management Preferences of Backcountry Campers in Yellowstone National Park Ryan P. Grisham Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds Part of the Forest Management Commons, and the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Grisham, Ryan P., "Demographics, Experiences, and Management Preferences of Backcountry Campers in Yellowstone National Park" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 216. https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/216 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Demographics, Experiences, and Management Preferences of Backcountry Campers in Yellowstone National Park Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This thesis is available at SFA ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/216 DEMOGRAPHICS, EXPERIENCES, AND MANAGEMENT PREFERENCES OF BACKCOUNTRY CAMPERS IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK By RYAN PAUL GRISHAM, Bachelor of Science in Forestry, Associate of Arts Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Stephen F. Austin State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science in Forestry STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY December 2018 DEMOGRAPHICS, EXPERIENCES, AND MANAGEMENT PREFERENCES OF BACKCOUNTRY CAMPERS IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK By RYAN P. GRISHAM, Bachelor of Science in Forestry, Associate of Arts APPROVED: ________________________________________ Pat Stephens Williams, Ph. D., Thesis Director ________________________________________ Ray Darville, Ph. D., Committee Member ________________________________________ Matthew McBroom, Ph. D., Committee Member ___________________________________ Pauline M. Sampson, Ph.D. Dean of Research and Graduate Studies ABSTRACT A questionnaire was distributed to backcountry campers in Yellowstone National Park for the summer of 2016. Upon registering for a backcountry camping permit, park rangers asked if campers would like to participate in the survey, which included questions regarding demographics and opinions on visitor experiences and management policies. Participants provided their names and email address and were sent a link to the questionnaire about two weeks after their trip. The survey was a partial replication of a study by Tim Oosterhous conducted in 1999 and results for both years were analyzed and compared to identify any changes in backcountry use and demographics. The response rate for the questionnaire was 50.9% for a total of 305 usable questionnaires. The purpose of the study was to identify, by demographic, who was using the backcountry, how campers interpreted their experiences in the park, visitor preferences toward current management policies, and to test visitor knowledge of recommended wildlife safety precautions. Results indicate that, much like in 1999, campers in 2016 were typically young, white, well educated, and male. Backcountry campers stayed for one to three nights on average and supported the new permit fee implemented in 2015. Campers typically opposed commercial use in the backcountry and were well versed in safety precautions recommended by the National Park Service designed to minimize human/wildlife interactions. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my unending gratitude to my thesis director, Dr. Pat Stephens-Williams, who made this entire project happen from concept to completion. Her unfaltering encouragement and support throughout this project and her wealth of knowledge in human dimensions has been a consistent source of inspiration. She made this endeavor an extremely pleasant and meaningful experience. Dr. Ray Darville, my committee member, also deserves my extreme appreciation due to his involvement from concept to completion. His vast knowledge in statistical analysis aided me greatly and his positive attitude kept me looking forward to each step of the process. He also played a significant role in the Oosterhous study that this report is partially modeled after. Finally, as far as committee members are concerned, I would also like to thank Dr. Matthew McBroom. Although his input into this report was invaluable and I’m truly grateful for everything that he’s contributed, I would particularly like to thank him for the unique opportunities given to me while assisting teaching his Forest Hydrology and Wood Science labs. These opportunities allowed me to grow significantly as both a person, a leader, and as an educator. From the bottom of my heart, thank you to all three of you. A special thank you goes to the National Park Service for collaborating on this project and for allowing us to use your resources to survey participants. ii Thank you to each ranger who solicited the survey for us, that was above and beyond the call of duty. In particular, I would like to thank Ivan Kowski, Tami Blackford, and Dawn Webster for their dedication, time, and diligence in the intricate details that go into implementing such a large task as this one. I would also like to thank my parents, Paul and Theresa Grisham, who have given me the world. Throughout my entire life, their unconditional love and support has allowed me to explore every whim, interest, and idea that I’ve ever wanted to pursue. There are simply not enough pages to express how much I love and cherish them both. Thank you for your guidance, leadership, understanding, and confidence. This thesis could not have happened without you. I would also like to express my appreciation for my beautiful girlfriend, Rachel Mauk. Her encouragement and belief in me kept me going through many, many long nights in front of a computer. Her patience and understanding during this process have been immeasurable, as she was a stalwart source of comfort when things seemed difficult. For helping to support my time in college, keeping me on track, and contributing to more than a few laughs, I want to state my appreciation for Jeff Williams, Jon Gauntt, and Paul Rogers in the ATCOFA GIS Lab. iii Additional acknowledgements include my pilot study team; Dr. Pat Stephens-Williams, Dr. Ray Darville, Dr. Matthew McBroom, Josiah McBroom, Duncan Hibler, and Sam Rhodes. Finally, a very important acknowledgement goes out to the individuals who made me excited to step into the halls of ATCOFA every day; my great friends Trey Wall, Mason Danheim, Jeremy Lybrand, Josue Gonzalez, and the rest of the Knights of Arthur’s Temple. I would also like to extend a hand to Dr. Brian Oswald, whose academic advice and movie recommendations have always been spot on. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xiv INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 Research Objectives ................................................................................. 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 4 Management Background .......................................................................... 4 Backcountry Use Demographics ............................................................. 11 Backcountry Survey Techniques ............................................................. 15 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 17 Background of Study Area ....................................................................... 17 Study Methods ......................................................................................... 22 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................... 27 Demographic Characteristics ................................................................... 27 Party Characteristics................................................................................ 35 v Planning and Preparation ........................................................................ 37 Trip Experience ........................................................................................ 46 Visitor Opinions and Preferences ............................................................ 69 Visitor Knowledge of Wildlife and YELL Source Material ......................... 80 General Comments ................................................................................. 84 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................... 88 Demographic Characteristics ..................................................................
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