MHA Newsletter No. 2/2015 www.mha.org.au March 2015

Merħba! A warm welcome to all the members and Submerged Lowlands settled by early humans June 2014 friends of the Maltese Historical Association. much earlier than the present mainland. June 2014 Our February lecture on Maltese politics since 1947, by English scientists tested samples of sediment recovered Dr Albert Farrugia was well attended. As I do not by archaeologists from an underwater Mesolithic Stone usually have a great interest in politics, I did not think it Age site, off the coast of the Isle of Wight. They would be very interesting. I was pleased to be proved discovered DNA from einkorn, an early form of wheat. totally wrong: it was absolutely fascinating! A summary Archeologists also found evidence of woodworking, is contained in this newsletter. Our next lecture, on 17 cooking and flint tool manufacturing. Associated March, will be given by Professor Maurice Cauchi on the material, mainly wood fragments, was dated to history of through its monuments. On 21 April, between 6010 BC and 5960 BC. These indicate just before the ANZAC day weekend, Mario Bonnici will Neolithic influence 400 years earlier than proximate discuss Malta’s involvement in the First World War. European sites and 2000 years earlier than that found on mainland Britain! In this newsletter you will also find an article about how an ancient site discovered off the coast of England may The nearest area known to have been producing change how prehistory is looked at; a number of einkorn by 6000 BC is southern , followed by France interesting links; an introduction to Professor Cauchi’s and eastern , who were producing it by at least lecture; coming events of interest; Nino Xerri’s popular 5900 BC. This suggests that sophisticated social page of photos and an outline of Frank Scicluna’s networks linked the Neolithic front in southern to Maltese newsletters. Enjoy! the Mesolithic peoples of northern Europe. In the last newsletter, I broached the subject of Thousands of square miles of Mesolithic land, on parts organising a role play or pageant about the Great Siege, of Europe's and Britain's current continental shelves, to present to the MHA in September. I envisage that a were inundated by the sea between 6000 and 4000 BC, core group of about five people will be needed to after the last ice age. The distinct possibility is emerging develop the project. It will not happen without you! If that cultural developments may have been occurring on you would like to join the group, contact me by email at those now-drowned coastal lowlands much earlier than [email protected] or you can phone or text on further inland, on what is still dry land. 0425 708 830. Professor Vince Gaffney of the University of Bradford, Looking forward to hearing from you, co-author of the Science paper, stated, "Scientists' ability to analyse genetic material found deep in ancient Charlie buried marine sediments will open up a totally new Charles Gatt (MHA Secretary) chapter in the study of British and European prehistory.” One can only wonder what could be discovered off the

coast of Malta!

http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/the- remarkable-archaeological-underwater-discovery-that- could-open-up-a-new-chapter-in-the-study-of-european- and-british-prehistory-10073458.html Sedimentary DNA from a Submerged Site Reveals Wheat in the British Isles 8000 Years Ago, Science 27 February 2015: Vol. 347 no. 6225 pp. 998-1001 MHA March Event Malta through its Monuments by Professor Maurice Cauchi 7.30 p.m. Tuesday 17 March Maltese Community Centre Ievers St Parkville

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INTERESTING LINKS

If you have not received the latest MCCV newsletter Eight archaeological finds in one month! you can find it here: It contains many interesting articles, Although this page is slightly out of date, I have included including one on the possible refurbishment and repairs it for interest, as it reports on 8 archaeological finds to Australia Hall in Malta. discovered during development projects in just one http://www.mccv.org.au/wp- month, March 2010. They included 18,000 year old content/uploads/2015/02/MCCV-Newsletter-129-Jan- deer bones in Paceville; 1,700 year old catacombs in Feb-2015.pdf Safi; old vine trenches, a Second World War shelter, My Uncle Herbert in Malta sent me this link to an and a very old rock-cut drain gallery typical of ancient interactive website hosted by the Maltese Armoury. It’s cities in Rabat; the lower courses of the Knights' Bakery well worth having a look around! in Strait Street, , the corner quoin, and original http://heritagemalta.org/museums-sites/the-palace- street paving, were uncovered at about 30cm armoury/ below current street level, (the bakery was built in 1584 and demolished in 1938 to make way for the Vincenti A 10 minute tour of the Palace armoury Part 1: Buildings, which was set back from the street); a 1,700 https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embed year old rock-cut tomb, an ancient quarry and vine ded&v=Xh6PO5_VTfM trenches were discovered near Zabbar. All these Heritage Malta will inaugurate a number of projects in findings in one month illustrate the incredible richness 2015, including the St Paul’s Catacombs Complex in and diversity of Maltese history Rabat, Malta. The ERDF project will provide a visitors http://www.mepa.org.mt/outlook2-article3 centre, with state of the art facilities and displays. Currently restricted to two catacombs, visitors will soon This section of the Malta Environment & Planning be able to access twenty. For more information, see: Authority (MEPA) website is the Heritage Planning Unit, http://heritagemalta.org/st-pauls-catacombs-project- which is responsible for all matters related to natural and update/ cultural immovable heritage, and gives information and advice: The Conservation Division of Heritage Malta has http://www.mepa.org.mt/heritage-home analysed and conserved various artefacts within the newly founded Military History Museum, at Fort St Elmo. Breaking News: Fire destroys Red rattlers Qualified and experienced conservator-restorers and An early morning fire on 5 March at Newport, near diagnostic scientists have worked in specialist teams to Melbourne, Australia, has destroyed a four-carriage preserve uniforms from the Victorian era to the Second train, dating back to 1886, the oldest and last remaining World War and prepare them for display; to carry out the restorable suburban carriages in Victoria, fondly known remedial and preventive conservation of books and as the “Red Rattlers”. Originally operated by steam, other paper based materials, and to restore a number of they were converted to run on the electric network and paintings and their frames. For more details of the ran on the St Kilda and Port Melbourne lines until the processes, read on: 1970s. A 35 year long restoration by volunteers was http://heritagemalta.org/heritage-maltas-conservation- just months away from completion. The carriages were division-battling-at-the-frontline-to-conserve-artefacts- scheduled to join other heritage trains on the for-the-new-military-history-museum/ metropolitan rail network. The fire started when a short circuit in electrical wiring under one of the carriages classes commenced in Sydenham, ignited nearby combustible material. The fire also Werribee and Mill Park at the start of March. It may severely damaged historic workshops built in 1889, not be too late to register with the Maltese Language damaged other carriages and destroyed valuable tools Teachers Association of Victoria (MLTAV). and equipment. The neighbouring Australian Railway https://www.facebook.com/mltav Historical Society museum and workshops were not The MLTAV also runs a Maltese Mothers’ Group damaged in the fire. where you can learn Maltese rhymes and read short http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/west/rail- stories to your children in Maltese. enthusiasts-devastated-after-fire-destroys-historic- https://www.facebook.com/mltav/photos/a.60578221949 trains-at-newport-railyards/story-fngnvmj7- 4931.1073741829.602072756532544/81295771211071 1227249321837 3/?type=1&theater http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/west/historic- Malta Today, Coast Road Development Reveals New carriages-damaged-during-coal-fire-at-newport-rail- Archaeological Discoveries yards/story-fngnvmj7-1227247315229 A Roman tomb; vine trenches; the remains of a late I have only just stumbled across this website for the Roman structure; a fougasse; an ancient temple Archaeological Society of Malta. A cursory glance overlooking an ancient harbor, now silted up, are among shows that their journal is peer reviewed and the articles many archaeological finds revealed by the Coast road seems very thorough and interesting. Would one of our development. Very interesting reading! members like to explore it and write a review for the http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/50019/coa newsletter? st_road_development_reveals_new_archaeological_dis http://www.archsoc.org.mt/journal/journal.asp coveries#.VPQt4XyUeSo

150307_MHA_Newsletter_March_2015.docx Page 2 of 8 MHA Lecture February 2015 Elections in Malta 1947 - 2008 The triumph of democracy and constitutional progress Albert Farrugia PhD

Prior to World War 2, the British had other issues, challenged for the awarded a number of constitutions to leadership of the MLP and won, but Malta. The self-governing constitution Boffa formed the Malta Workers Party of 1921 restricted the vote to literate (MWP). males who owned rental yielding In the 1950 election, the two Labour property. The main contenders were parties each gained 11 seats and the either pro-Italian or pro-British. The PN gained 12 seats out of 40. former won most elections and would However the PN formed a coalition go on to become the Nationalist Party with the MWP so they could govern. (PN). The latter, led by Gerald This arrangement would work for a Strickland, won the 1927 election, in while, but over time the support of the coalition with the very small Labour MWP drifted back to the MLP. Party. Condemned by the church, they lost the next election handsomely In 1951 a motion was passed through and the constitution was suspended in parliament, the government fell and 1932. another election was held. The MLP Following the war, the 1947 gained the most votes but one less Constitution awarded the vote to all seat than the PN. The PN again men and women over 21, irrespective formed a coalition with the MWP. of education and economic status. The Dr Farrugia introduces his talk Unfortunately the Prime Minister, Dr elections were held using the single Mizzi, died after 3 months. He was transferable vote system, which usually translates into replaced by Dr . A vote of no seats. confidence led to the government falling again. The Nationalist party was weak and demoralized after Another election was held in 1953. The MLP gained 19 the war. The , led by Dr , seats to the PN’s 18 and the MWP’s 3, tantalisingly absorbed the anti-Nationalist forces and, supported by short of forming government due to the coalition. This the Trade Unions, won a sweeping victory, with 60% of was remedied in 1955 when Boffa did not contest the the vote and 24 of 40 seats, an achievement election. The MLP gained 23 seats out of 40, with the unparalleled before or since. NP taking the rest, making , at the age of 39, the youngest prime minister in the British In this election, Agatha Barbara (1923-2002) from Commonwealth. Zabbar became the first woman in Malta to be elected to parliament. She would also become the first woman to He and the slightly older leader of the PN, Dr Borg serve as minister, and later would become the first Olivier, would dominate Maltese politics for another 25 woman to serve as President (1982-1987). years. Despite being in opposition, they had enormous respect for each other. The Labour Party embarked on a program of massive social change. They introduced income tax, social security pensions and unemployment benefits, improved education and undertook a massive reconstruction programme, as the industrial centres and harbours, the three cities and their suburbs, had been virtually destroyed in the war. However, despite their popularity and an opposition in disarray, Labour lost the 1950 election to the national Party (PN). What happened? The period from 1955 to 1962 was tumultuous. Mintoff’s Elected in 1947, was a young, energetic and ambitious policy of “integration” pushed for Malta to become part 31 year old architect, from (Bormla). He had of the UK, with representation in the British House of studied in England during the war on a Rhodes Commons. The aim was to raise the standard of living scholarship and was heavily influenced by the Fabian of the working class, who were still desperately poor, by Socialists. Dom Mintoff was hugely popular and was giving them the same standard of living as British elected with the most votes of any single candidate, a citizens. Although it was endorsed by a referendum, for status he would hold for the next 50 years. He was the once many people did not vote. Breakdown in secretary of the MLP. negotiations led to a deterioration of relations with the Following the war, the USA embarked on a programme British government. The in Malta was called Marshall Aid, particularly in Italy and Germany, to also opposed, particularly concerned about integration aid with reconstruction. Malta did not qualify. Mintoff, with one of the world’s biggest Protestant powers, the impatient with Boffa’s approach to this and a number of Church of England.

150307_MHA_Newsletter_March_2015.docx Page 3 of 8 Mintoff abandoned integration and supported the PN’s months longer than pushed for independence. However, he further Mintoff, stepped down antagonised the Church when he drafted a framework and was replaced by Dr for the new constitution, the famous “Six Points”, which Gonzi, nephew of the included the separation of church and state. In 1958 the famous Gonzi. He won government resigned, violence erupted and the 1947 the 2008 election with constitution was suspended. the closest margin ever. The British granted a partial constitution with the idea In 2011 a referendum in that it would lead to independence, The Labour Party’s favour of divorce was passed. Dr Mintoff died relationship with the church deteriorated even further. in 2012, aged 96, and a The church warned people it would be a severe sin to huge funeral was held in vote Labour and placed the leadership under an his honour. Dr Sant interdict. The Labour party split again, with Pellegrini forming the Christian Workers Party (CWP). Dr stepped down and was Ganado, opposed to independence, split off from the PN replaced by Dr Muscat. to form the Democratic Nationalist Party (DNP). The election of 2013 was a landslide victory not seen for 40 years, with Labour The 1962 election saw the PN gain 25 of 50 seats with 42% of the votes. The MLP with 34% gained 16 seats, gaining 39 seats to the National’s 30. Dr Gonzi stepped the CWP and DNP 4 seats each and the Progressive down and was replaced. Constitutional party, led by Miss Strickland, gained 1. Malta continues to be a prosperous and stable The PN formed an agreement with a member of the democracy, the product of sixty years of constitutional DNP so they could govern. development, leading to Independence, the formation of a republic and strict proportionality in parliamentary The Nationalist’s most notable achievement was the representation, with a fully entrenched two party system. gaining of Independence in 1964 and they won the 1966 election with an absolute majority. After this, the MLP steadily increased its following, while the smaller parties faded away.

In the 1971 election the Labour Party gained a majority

by one seat, with only 20 votes difference, but they would retain power until 1987. They extended social services; raised money by renegotiating military bases

agreements with the British and NATO; introduced

decimal currency and metrification, and nationalised

banking and industry. In 1974 Malta became a

Republic, with a Maltese President as head of state. In 1976, shortly after the PN lost the election, Dr George Dom Mintoff Borg Olivier stepped down as leader but kept his seat. He was replaced by Dr Fenech Adami. In 1979 the British bases left. In 1980 Dr George Borg Olivier Agatha Barbara passed away. A huge funeral was organised by the Labour government. The 1981 election was controversial, as the MLP gained 34 seats with 46.5% of the vote but the PN only gained 31 seats with 51.8%! This led to a huge controversy. In 1984, Dom Mintoff stepped down as leader but kept his seat and was succeeded by Dr Mifsud Bonnici. The constitution was amended (Section 52) to ensure that the percentage vote translated to an equivalent number of seats. Dr Eddie Fenech-Adami Barbara In the 1987 election, the PN under Fenech Adami gained power by a narrow margin but would lead until Dr George Borg Olivier 1996. They liberalised and reinvigorated the economy, shifted alignment away from Libya towards the and invested in infrastructure, especially roads. In 1996, Dr became leader of the MLP and

against all odds won the election by one seat but Mintoff voted against the party over a land deal and the government fell. Dr Dr Sant called an election in 1998 and Labour lost to the PN by 5 seats. Malta entered the EU in 2004 and Dr Dr Fenech Adami, waiting until he had served a few

150307_MHA_Newsletter_March_2015.docx Page 4 of 8 MHA March Event: Malta through its Monuments by Professor Maurice Cauchi

For the average tourist, a history of a nation is most helped set up the Migration Museum and, in 2001, the obvious through its monuments. Even a cursory walk website www.maltamigration.com, which contains a though a main city would familiarise the average tourist compilation of information about Maltese living abroad, of what happened over the past several hundred years. including a vast collection of historical information about Malta is no exception, and a walk through the City, and migration. even the most humble village, will Professor Cauchi has been very active in reveal many items of which the natives promoting publications relating to Maltese are proud. settlement in Australia, first with the In this talk we will go over the more Maltese paper 'Il- Maltija', and through important moments in Malta and how several books, including Maltese they illustrate the history which they Migrants in Australia (1996), The Maltese are expected to represent. But first of Migrant Experience (1999), Worlds Apart all we have to ask ourselves: what is a (2002) A Who’s Who of Maltese- monument? Is it just a bronze or Background Persons in Australia and marble statue? Or does the term New Zealand (2008), and Under One include any indicator meant to Umbrella (2010), this last being a history commemorate an event, person or of the MCCV and the Maltese community indicator of importance in the history of in Victoria, Australia. the nation? A prolific author, Professor Cauchi has We shall skim over the very early published several books in Maltese on a , and wind our way range of topics, as well as many books down to more recent history, stopping on health, medicine, and bioethical along the road to see what Malta has issues. His latest articles can be found thought fit to highlight and showcase, to us, the natives at: born and bred there, but also to the millions that come https://mauricecauchi.wordpress.com/ and visit every year. One could easily spend a whole week describing the wealth of artefacts left by the Taking care of our body, February 20, 2015 Knights of Malta, but in the hour available we shall just Bad luck and cancer, January 24, 2015 sit back and enjoy some examples of what history can Dire warnings about artificial intelligence: are be gleaned from a necessarily cursory and superficial they justified? December 17, 2014 look at some of these monuments and what they try to Why can’t a woman be more like a man? November 24, tell us as we walk pass them. 2014 Undermining decades of multicultural peace, October About the presenter: 20, 2014 Professor Maurice Cauchi is well known to the Maltese Unresolved cancer conundrums, September 8, 2014 Community and others, both in Malta and Australia. For his services to the community, Professor Cauchi Born in Għarb, Gozo, he graduated M.D. at the Royal was made a Member of the Order of Australia, (AM, in 1961 before gaining a PhD for 1991) and awarded the Medalja għall-Qadi tar- cancer research from the University of in 1967. Repubblika (MQR), (‘Medal for Services to the Republic’ Coming to Australia in 1969 he held senior positions at of Malta, 1992). Melbourne and Monash Universities and the Royal Women’s Hospital. He returned to Malta in 1992 as We at the MHA are very appreciative of the many Professor of Pathology and was Chairman of the generous contributions that Maurice has made to our Bioethics Consultative Committee and the Gozo Health group over the years. He has written many articles and Council, before returning to Australia in 2003. given talks on a wide range of topics, including health, migration and language. His talks are sometimes Professor Cauchi has been involved with the Maltese controversial but always thoroughly researched and community for decades, as President of the Maltese interesting. Literature Group, as member of the Maltese Community Council, including several terms as President, and a Professor Cauchi’s latest lecture to the MHA, in April founding member of the MHA in 1987. last year, explored the origins of Maltese surnames. His next talk with the MHA will be on Tuesday 17 March at He has also been interested in wider ethnic issues, and the Maltese Community Centre in Parkville at 7.30 pm. was a member of a number of organisations, including It will look at aspects of Maltese history as seen through the Ethnic Affairs Commission of Victoria, Chairman of its monuments and it should be most enjoyable. Bring the Ethnic Communities’ Council of Victoria, and your family and friends. All are Welcome. Chairman of the Commission for Maltese Abroad. He

150307_MHA_Newsletter_March_2015.docx Page 5 of 8 MCCV BINGO/MEALS SERVICES EVERY FRIDAY NIGHT MEALS SERVED FROM 5.30PM A variety of food is available including:- Ravjul, Timpana, Ross fil – Forn, Bigilla, Pastizzi, Fish & Chips We sell all soft drinks including Kinnie. Frozen Ravjul and Pastizzi are also available Bingo Eyes Down at 7.30 pm “Come and enjoy a Good Atmosphere and Friendship” WE ALSO RUN A MONTHLY RESTAURANT EVERY LAST SUNDAY OF THE MONTH musicworx presents a staged production of ND STARTING THIS SUNDAY, 22 FEBRUARY IKUN LI TRID INT - Thy Will Be Done, a Maltese Time From 12 Noon until 5 PM musical following the final hours of Christ's life Dance Music with Mario Sammut will be based on the 14 Stations of the Cross. available and we aim to introduce other Considered a Maltese Classic, the musical will be Entertainment staged at 7:30pm Saturday 21st March and Come and join us, no booking is required 4:30pm on Sunday 22nd March at the St whilst a call to Carmen Mamo on 9387 8922 or Bernadette Community Centre, Sunshine North. Joe Stafrace on 0466 589 553 will be The production hopes to draw a multicultural appreciated. audience by presenting the musical across a The MCCV appreciates your valued support number of creative and artistic media so that non- Maltese speakers may also have the opportunity to experience the simple yet profound reflection. OUR LADY OF SORROWS TICKETS NOW ON SALE – Adults $15, Children under 12, $7.50. Tickets can be purchased through facebook, through their website www.musicworx.org, or over the phone, 0438 549 362. All profits raised will go towards a Maltese- Australian missionary, Fr Alex Busuttil, who provides a home and school to children in Peru. https://www.facebook.com/events/4018630999757 19/

The Melbourne Passion Play Palm Sunday 29th March, 2015 1.30pm – 3.30pm Ruffey Lake Park Doncaster

An outdoor, interactive, re-enactment of the life, death and resurrection WILL BE CELEBRATED WITH A MASS AT of Jesus Christ. ST PAUL’S CHAPEL PARKVILLE ON FRIDAY 27TH MARCH 2015 One Performance Only Entry is free AT 7.00PM http://www.passionplay.info/index.php FOLLOWING MASS LIGHT REFRESHMENTS WILL BE SERVED AT THE MALTESE COMMUNITY CENTRE

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Mġarr Harbour, Gozo: Yacht and boat Marina with the Gozo/Malta Ferries in the background. Ferry services to Independent Gardens in : Just off the seafront Malta were recorded as operating in 1241. Passengers promenade. It was converted from a field to a garden and fishermen used a small jetty that still exists below and playground for children in 1997 and is also a hub for the world famous Gleneagles bar, built in 1732. Mġarr is free wifi use. overlooked by Fort Chambray, constructed in 1749 by the Knights of St. John. The first breakwater was constructed in 1841. Many improvements to the harbour and ferry terminal have been made since, the latest being completed in 2008.

Through Below: Vittoriosa Waterfront: Part of the Cottonera Waterfront Rehabilitation Project, the lens which will see this whole area revamped. Birgu, the oldest of the “three cities” of Cottonera is a peninsula, with Fort St Angelo on the tip. of Renamed Vittoriosa by the Knights after the Nino Xerri Great Siege of 1565, the Maltese name has stayed. Heavily bombed during WW2 and subsequently rebuilt as an industrial zone, it is now being redeveloped, combining apartments, restaurants

and cafes with the historic waterfront. The Casino di Venezia, the Grand Harbour Marina, Fort St Angelo, the Old Treasury Building, the Maritime Museum, the Church of St Lawrence, and many other historic buildings can be found near here. http://www.birgu.org/ Bibliotheca (National Library of Malta): Stairway to this Maltese iconic building that was founded in 1766 during the reign of Grand Master de Rohan. It was

originally known as Bibliotheca Tanseana in honour of Louis Guérin de Tencin, whose collections formed the nucleus of the library. It became a legal deposit library in 1925, and from 1936 was known as the Royal Malta Library. The name was changed to National Library of Malta in 1976. Entrance is free to the public.

Qbajjar Sunrise, Gozo: Viewed from the balcony of a Unit owned by very good friends.

Chinese Garden of Serenity: This is an elegant classical garden with exquisite pavilions, fountains and pools. It is located in Santa Luċija and was opened to the public in 1997. Entrance is free.

150307_MHA_Newsletter_March_2015.docx Page 7 of 8 Frank Scicluna’s Maltese Newsletters

Some articles of special interest and relevance to Issue 76 Maltese history are listed. The newsletters can be found CHOGM venue’s chance: Fort St Angelo and the at: http://www.ozmalta.page4.me/ ‘mound of rocks’ Issue 72 The Men of Anzac – Australian and New Zealand Army Reproduction of an old manuscript with music of the Corps: We commemorate Anzac Day, ‘our day’, not to Maltese Anthem verses in Maltese and English. glorify war but to honour the incredible spirit of those who fought the battle. Feast of Saint Paul Shipwrecked in Malta 10 February: Malta Silverware: the craft flourished under the knights. The Arabs in Malta (870 A.D. – 1090 A.D.): ‘Maltese Silver’ is highly sought after by international Ġgantija Temples, Xagħra, Gozo: Older than the collectors Pyramids of Egypt From Malta with Love: Carmen and Henry Busuttil Issue 73 celebrate their 60th wedding anniversary. Citta’ Umilissima – Most Humble City – Valletta: the building of the city after the Great Siege of 1565 by La Valette, assisted by the pope’s architect, Francesco Laparelli and the Maltese architect Girolamo Cassar. The Great Battle of Lepanto 1571: A five hour sea battle between the Christians and Turks, with massive losses on both sides, caused the Turks to lose supremacy in the Mediterranean. Film Star – Tenur Malti - Oreste Kirkop (1923 – 1978). Hospitals and Convalescent Camps - Malta the Nurse of the Mediterranean: described are some of the many Hospitals and Convalescent Camps in Malta during WWI. Issue 74

Maltese Nuns Celebrate Historic Veneration in Adelaide: Mother Margherita De Brincat, foundress of the Sacred Heart of Jesus - the first potential saint from the island of Gozo.

Maltese emigration and expatriation: an outline of th emigration from the 19 century onwards. Time of unrest and achievements in Malta 1959 -2002.

From Microfilms to Digital Media: Welcome to the Archdiocese of Malta Archives Archivium Archiepiscopale Melitense (A.A.M.) San Lawrenz – Gozo.

Għawdex Gżira ta’ l-Emigranti. Maltese Migration to U.S.A.

Frans Baldacchino (1943 – 2006): Folk singer

Issue 75 BANK OF VALLETTA PLC MCCV History: Australia Representative Office: Postal Arrangements in Malta During World War 1. Brief History of the Maltese Pound. 16 Watt Street Sunshine Vic 3020 The Malta Union Club - Founded 1826. Tel 9311 3222 Fax 9311 3216 Ghajn Tal-Hasselin in Gozo – Malta. Open on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from 9.00am to 1.00pm and 2.00pm to 5.00pm Coast Road works may be extended beyond summer because of archaeological finds. Uffiċċju Rappreżentattiv L-Ewwel Bank Rappreżentattiv Malti fl-Awstralja

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