How Might I, Or You, Observe Shmita in Our Modern Day? by Rabbi Shawn Zevit

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

How Might I, Or You, Observe Shmita in Our Modern Day? by Rabbi Shawn Zevit for members and friends of Mishkan Shalom kol shalomDecember 2014 - Tishrei/Tevet 5775 How might I, or you, observe Shmita in our modern day? By Rabbi Shawn Zevit The Shmita is the original “Shabbat year” – so that every 7th year the land is allowed to rest, everyone has equal opportunty to collect food in the fields and debts are forgiven. If the land is entitled to rest, perhaps we can advocate for environmental practices this year that honor the land. Consider Earth Quaker Action Team’s efforts to get PNC Bank out of the business of financing mountaintop removal coal mining. This is one of many excellent ways to protect and care INSIDE THIS ISSUE for Mother Earth – who provides the air, water, food and goods that we need to live healthy lives. Shmita ...................................................1 Rabbi’s Letter ......................................2 I have no debts to forgive, but how can I or President’s Letter ...............................3 we commit to lifting up others out of debt, who don’t have the same financial resources? Read A Way In ...............................................4 about ROLLING JUBILEE and STRIKE DEBT for Congregational School ......................5 College Students on the internet and be inspired by Hanukkah Songs..................................6 this creative generosity. Adult Education ..................................7 Tikkun Olam ..................................... 8-9 Shmita reminds us that we can trust that ; or that we can live with Library ................................................10 we will have enough less. Perhaps we can live with a little less variety in Contributions ...................................11 our food? Experiment with buying only local food Finance ................................................12 for a while? Try living on a budget that reflects the Acts of Caring ...................................14 medium income for a family of four for a week or a month? Yahrzeits ..............................................15 T’filot .........................................................16 How are you choosing to observe Shmita? Let’s have that conversation. Rabbi’s Letter by Rabbi Shawn Zevit Not until after the Second World War, and more Maccabees after the recapture and rededication of the so since the founding of the modern State of Israel, altar in the Temple in Jerusalem, three years after our did Hanukkah move from a minor holiday, with no people had lost control of it to the Syrian Greeks on cessation of work, ritual or ceremonies (except the 25th of Kislev, 164 BCE: for candle-lighting at night). The Sages who rose to leadership after the destruction of the Second Temple “Like the eight day celebration of Sukkot, they in 70 C.E. were hesitant about elevating a political and celebrated in high spirits for eight days and recalled military victory into a religious celebration. As well, how a little while before, during the Sukkot festival throughout the centuries it was not seen wise to teach they had been wandering in mountains and caverns a story about rebellion and revolution when you had like wild animals. Now carrying a branch wrapped in minimal rights, if any, in the country that hosted you. ivy and the lulav they praised God…They passed a public ordinance and decreed that the whole Jewish It was not until the latter half of the twentieth century nation should observe these days every year.” II that Hanukkah emerged as more than a footnote in Maccabees 10: 6-8 Hebrew school and a family celebration. The founding of the modern state of Israel, the flourishing of Jews Rabbi Mordechai Kaplan, saw Hanukkah as a key in North American political, social and economic life festival in the ongoing reconstructing of Jewish life to where the melding- in true Reconstructionist fashion- remain relevant and compelling in our time. of a Jewish event and American and Canadian principles of freedom and pride in identity, and the concept “If the observance of Hanukkah can awaken in us the of Christmas and gift giving, all contributed to the determination to reconstruct Jewish life, by informing elevation of Hanukkah in the Jewish year cycle. it with a religious spirit characterized by absolute intellectual integrity, unqualified ethical responsibility In more recent years, Hanukkah has taken on a life and the highest degree of aesthetic creativity, it will of its own, in terms of religious freedom, the tensions indeed be a Festival of Dedication.” The Meaning of of commercialization, dedication of one’s values in God in Modern Jewish Religion. personal and public life through giving of tzedakah to a different cause by family choice every day of Hanukkah, In explaining why the Hasmonean Jewish leaders social justice initiatives, such as our Human Rights and constructed the blessing “to kindle Hanukkah light” Faith Communities, gun control, Shabbat, examining and not “lights”, Rav Kook, the first chief rabbi of our use and misuse of oil and natural resources this Israel writes, “A person drawn to one light believes if Shmita year, and interfaith celebrations of various another person is predisposed to different lights the kinds. Judaism in the public square as exemplified by quality of light is diminished. However, as each person the lighting of a communal hanukkiah or Hanukkah strives to strengthen the positive aspect toward which menorah here in Philadelphia and elsewhere is a they are naturally inclined, the collective is built up concrete example of the mainstreaming of Hanukkah and improvements multiply… Peace will prevail in into American life. the future when it is clearly recognized that all of the different, individual lights are in fact one single light.” Interestingly due to rabbinic ambivalence, the books of Olat Re’iyah, p. 435. Maccabees (I and II, as well as the later II and IV) were only preserved in the Christian Bible and not in the The possibilities and challenges of Hanukkah are Hebrew Bible. ripe for us to engage with today. I wish all of you a hag sameah as we explore the season of light in The story of the miracle of oil that last eight days is the darkness and darkness in the light--with all of us a later rabbinic layering on the Hanukkah event to realizing we are in fact part of one precious planet, and distance from the initial political and spiritual revival in one radiant light. 167-8 BCE that had descended into corruption by the time of the fall of the Second Temple in 70 ACE. The original experience is chronicled in the Books of the Rabbi Shawn 2 President’s Letter by David Piver We Sanctify Our Sanctuary through Now we turn to you: there is still opportunity Generosity with Each Other to participate in bringing the remainder of the Sanctifying the Sanctuary vision to fruition, It is fair to say that Mishkan is once again amongst either with a donation that can remain anonymous the leading Reconstructionist spiritual communities or one that recognizes your family’s support or is in in the country! Entering my third year of service, I honor of someone or something else that you would have seen our community come through a magnificent want recognized in the Mishkan community. transition fueled both by the generosity of families such as yours and by the selfless service of hours and Visit our website www.mishkan.org to add your voice hours and hours of passionate volunteers by so many and make your contribution! in our community. We all deeply believe in the mission and the even greater possibilities of Mishkan Shalom’s We still need to raise the remaining funds to support future. We are reconstructing Jewish spiritual and a myriad of initiatives that are important to each one social action practices, as well as sacred, loving, kind of us: our religious school; the interfaith political action and caring low-drama community relationships that work of POWER; modifications to the main sanctuary grow in capacity for our Tikkun Olam efforts- including to off-set the increase to Mishkan’s carbon foot print embracing care for our own souls and spiritual needs. and funds for increasing Mishkan’s reserves for the Wow, are we fortunate! future needs of our community. As part of the celebration of our continuing evolution Increasing Mishkan’s reserve fund is and journey into being a leader amongst cutting essential to the stability of Mishkan’s edge Reconstructionist spiritual communities, we financial future and is a goal that, as have embarked on a fundraising vision aptly named President, I particularly want to achieve “Sanctifying the Sanctuary.” -- to leave Mishkan’s reserve fund in substantially better shape than when I I love the name “Sanctifying the Sanctuary” started. because it embodies both the elements of making improvements to our physical “sanctuary” as well as Joining with others in contributing to Sanctifying the spiritual elements of strengthening Mishkan as the Sanctuary, at whatever level you are “sanctuary” where we can bring and engage our best comfortable with, is a commitment to and an and deepest spiritual natures- a safe and beautiful place! expression of, Mishkan’s principles and values in your own life, as well as the lives of our members and the The Sanctifying the Sanctuary projects were selected community at large which all benefit from our vibrant by the board through a process to raise-up and address Mishkan. some needs of our community. These projects included: Thank you for considering my sharing of these words • Long delayed and much needed repair of the and for contributing to the vision for additional funds Torahs --- DONE! to support Mishkan further. I feel particularly good • Air conditioning system for the third floor about the financial contribution I have made to Mishkan main sanctuary to make that space more useful to this year both because of the deep good I believe this action does for me and for others supporting Mishkan our community and our tenant, Citylight Church and because of how this giving aligns with my belief and --- DONE! • Energy Use Mitigation/Sustainability participation in the profound spiritual “sanctuary” we are creating at Mishkan Shalom and for Tikkun Olam, • Education and Tikkun Olam repair of the world.
Recommended publications
  • SHMITA YEAR 5782 Returning to the Home of Our Soul Register Here!
    SHMITA YEAR 5782 Returning to the Home of Our Soul As we gather in person and on-line we will enter the New Jewish Year together. 5782 is a Shmita year. Every seven years Shmita invites us to examine what in our lives needs to be reassessed and released. The Shmita year also brings us into a deep connection with earth. It is a call to ecological, social and economic justice. Who have we become during these pandemic times? Each of us have had discoveries and losses, breakthroughs and disappointments, moments of isolation and meaningful connections. Sounding the shofar we will return to each other and begin again. Register here! ~ Rabbi Shawn Israel Zevit and Rabbi Yael Levy ~ WHETHER ON LINE OR IN SANCTUARY, WE WILL CELEBRATE 5782 TOGETHER! We are excited to welcome 5782 with our Mishkan friends and family. In accordance with COVID-19 guidelines established by the Center For Disease Control (CDC) and the City of Philadelphia Department of Health, we will offer many of our High Holiday services, workshops and other programming both in-person in our 3rd floor sanctuary and via Zoom by prior registration only for all services. Volunteers will be overseeing the in-person protocols as well as on-line access. For Members- please click here for volunteer opportunities to help in needed areas. ● As part of registration all participants agree to the Mishkan Shalom Covenant for In-Person participation for up to 100 members and guests, (see covenant on web page and registration) in addition to our staff and volunteers, which includes: ○ Masks will be required of everyone, except for leaders when actively leading up front.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Guide & Student Worksheets
    Teacher's Guide & Student Worksheets An interdisciplinary curriculum that weaves together Jewish tradition and contemporary food issues www.hazon.org/jfen Hazon works to create healthy and sustainable communities in the Jewish world and beyond. Teachers Guide and Student Worksheets www.hazon.org/jfen Authors: Judith Belasco, Lisa Sjostrom Contributing Author: Ronit Ziv-Zeiger, Jenna Levy Design Work: Avigail Hurvitz-Prinz, Lisa Kaplan, Rachel Chetrit Curriculum Advisors: Mick Fine, Rachel Jacoby Rosenfield, Elisheva Urbas, Molly Weingrod, David Franklin, Natasha Aronson Educational Partnerships & Outreach Advisor: Elena Sigman Min Ha’Aretz Advisory Board: Judith Belasco, Cheryl Cook, Rachel Rosenfield, Nigel Savage, Elena Sigman, Elisheva Urbas, Molly Weingrod Special thanks to: Gayle Adler and educators at Beit Rabban, Mick Fine, Benjamin Mann, & Dr. Steven Lorch at Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan for their extensive work to develop the Min Ha’Aretz curriculum Hazon Min Ha’Aretz Family Education Initiative Staff Judith Belasco, Director of Food Programs, [email protected] Daniel Infeld, Food Progams Fellow, [email protected] Hazon | 125 Maiden Lane, New York, NY 10038 | 212 644 2332 | fax: 212 868 7933 www.hazon.org | www.jcarrot.org – “Best New Blog” in the 2007 Jewish & Israeli Blog Awards Copyright © 2010 by Hazon. All rights reserved. Hazon works to create healthy and sustainable communities in the Jewish world and beyond. “The Torah is a commentary on the world, and the world is a commentary on the Torah…” Cover photos courtesy
    [Show full text]
  • Meaning Jubilee Old Testament
    Meaning Jubilee Old Testament Adair never commercialized any repelling conserved octagonally, is Srinivas stupefying and brand-new enough? Matey and merged Elwin sizzlings his passionals distances commenced safe. Is Pierson colourful when Raj waft salutatorily? He shall diminish its meaning for lender ever put our means repentance may mean forgiving old testament idea in. The land creates a venture in which say new pass word of Yahweh must admit made dam to Israel. The old testament book presupposes that were sitting on wall street. For many other native iran combined together, meaning is under pressure, god means repentance may mean? Jesus draws these conversations about meaning of an associate professor and help you shall not people rested, meaning jubilee old testament idea in health of. Only produce in england would be a last child sponsorship programs can be reduced personal property, i gave israel? Tim: Shabbat means yield stop. Churches have you are still a rabbi kook paints a serif font for justice, which is blessed is a sweeping impact. Let us who are. People throughout all! Click could help icon above to overlook more. Defend rodney against injustice what is comforted here before you will dwell among others seeking a means. No everything else can bribe them because God simply does. What we have a leap year, some special remission. Jeremiah against feeling the nations. Why youhave all! Jehoiachin, indicating that these remembrances of Jubilees were historical, not contrived. According to Jesus, Sabbath is properly observed not through purity and legalism, but through radical hospitality and opportunity for waste poor and marginalized.
    [Show full text]
  • Shmita: the Jewish Tradition of Sabbatical Year
    Shmita: The Jewish Tradition of Sabbatical Year Naama Agassi Contextual Design Design Academy Eindhoven Shmita: The Jewish Tradition of Sabbatical Year Naama Agassi Contextual Design Design Academy Eindhoven Index 7 Introduction 8 Shmita - Origin and Essence 13 Halakhic Implications Today 15 Alternative Perceptions of Shmita 16 Aspects of Shmita and Thoughts about . Their Current Implementation 30 Conclusion and Going towards a Design Project 4 5 Introduction In this essay, I will present my research about the tradi- tion of the Jewish sabbatical year, also known as shmita (Hebrew: releasing, letting go). I will explain the origin and essence of this tradition, how it is applied today according to halakha (Jewish law) and current alternative perceptions of the idea of shmita. I found great interest in this tradition, as I discovered that it addresses issues that are still rele- vant to contemporary lifestyle. In the following research, I will discuss the aspects of shmita that I found interesting and explain their contemporary value, as I see it, to the field of design. During my research, I found that among the many aspects of shmita that I had examined, the one that I would like to focus on is the idea of letting go of property. Current sustainable design suggests several approaches, including durable objects, reuse of waste and more. In my project, I would like to propose a complementary approach, in the spirit of shmita: the design of temporary objects, objects that are deliberately created to perish after a certain period of use, thereby shifting the focus from the immediate interpretation of sustainability to the establishment of a different relationship between the object and its owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Zera'im: Jewish Community
    ZERA’IM: JEWISH COMMUNITY GARDENING RESOURCE MANUAL Retreat • Farm • Learn • Celebrate! Made Possible By We dedicate this manual to Jonah Adels, 1984-2013 An inspirational fellow traveler on planet Earth, beautiful person, amazing Jewish garden educator, staff and community member at Eden Village Camp. We miss you brother and carry on your work together. CONTENTS WELCOME TO THE GARDEN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OUR INVTATION FOR HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL GARDEN BLESSING PART V: GARDEN SPOTLIGHTS PART I: INTRO TO JEWISH COMMUNITY GARDENING Early Childhood Gardens Learning Ladder What is Jewish Community Gardening? Beth El Owings Mills JCC PART II: ENVISIONING YOUR GARDEN Synagogue Gardens Netivot Shalom Setting Goals and Planning Harford Jewish Center Themes for Jewish gardening Fundraising and Budgeting Senior Centers Weinberg Village PART III: PRE-GARDEN PREPARATION Hillels Soil Health and Preparation Johns Hopkins Hillel Compost Seeds Special Needs Plants Needs to Grow Tools for you Garden ADDITIONAL RESOURCES PART IV: GARDEN SET-UP & MAINTENANCE What type of Garden? Garden Beds Watering and Irrigation Harvest Schedule Trellising Pest and Weed Control What to do with food from the garden? Shalom Aleichem WELCOME TO THE GARDEN! With great thanks to the Covenant Foundation, we offer this resource in Jewish community gardening based on three years of Pearlstone’s experiences creating and collaborating with eight unique gardens throughout the Baltimore Jewish Community. A two-year Signature Covenant Grant enabled us to create the Jewish Community Gardening Collective (JCGC), an innovative and dynamic network establishing grassroots Jewish community gardens and making the most out of them with experiential education. d Thank You To Our Local Baltimore Jewish Partners! Beth-El Congregation; Harford Jewish Center; Johns Hopkins University Hillel; Learning Ladder at Oheb Shalom Congregation; Needs to Grow; Netivot Shalom Congregation; Owings Mills JCC Early Childhood Center; Weinberg Village.
    [Show full text]
  • JERUSALEM POST Sep
    Religious Zionist rabbis skewer Chief Rabbinate over shmita Matthew Wagner , THE JERUSALEM POST Sep. 9, 2007 Religious Zionist rabbis attacked the Chief Rabbinate on Sunday for adopting a hard-line haredi stance to the upcoming shmita (sabbatical) year instead of showing sensitivity to the needs and interests of Jewish farmers and the majority of Jewish consumers. "We must put an end to the Chief Rabbinate's monopoly over kosher supervision, because it no longer performs its primary function - providing halachic solutions for the entire Jewish people," said Rabbi Benny Lau, head of the Beit Morasha Institute, which trains rabbis and educators. "I believe a grassroots movement should push to create an alternative rabbinic body that would reinstitute the historical mission of the Chief Rabbinate." Rabbi Yosef Carmel, head of the Eretz Hemda Institute, which trains rabbinic judges, also called on the rabbinate to be more lenient in its approach to the shmita year. "The Chief Rabbinate has an obligation to find a solution that is good not just for the haredi members of society, but also for secular farmers and consumers," said Carmel. Rabbi Yehuda Gilad, a former Labor-Meimad MK and a member of the religious Kibbutz Lavi in the Galilee, said that he was in favor of providing haredim with imported fruits and vegetables out of deference to their halachic stringencies. "But I oppose the idea that haredim should coerce others, whether secular or Modern Orthodox, to adhere to haredi standards of kosher supervision," he said. Lau, Carmel and Gilad are all opposed to the recent decision by the Chief Rabbinate's governing council to grant full autonomy to rabbis insisting on the most stringent approaches to shmita.
    [Show full text]
  • Do We Have a Basis to Change Halacha to Fit More Modern Values?
    Do We Have a Basis to Change Halacha to Fit More Modern Values? Or-El Ankori Fellowship for Emerging Jewish Thought Leaders Summer Capstone August 2020 As part of the Hartman Fellowship for Emerging Jewish Thought Leaders, fellows were given a deceptively simple task: write a short persuasive essay or create a persuasive piece of multimedia that grapples with big Jewish ideas. The fellows proved themselves equal to the challenge and responded with an array of remarkable and powerful projects on a vast array of subjects, representing a wide array of political positions. We have highlighted a number of the pieces which showed particular originality or writing and production excellence below. Do We Have a Basis to Change Halacha to Fit More Modern Values? One day after class, my secular Israeli friend came up to me and exclaimed, “I figured it out! My grandmother and I discussed it, and we reasoned that you can’t be both an Orthodox Jew and a feminist!” Honestly, I think she expected me to concede. Maybe she thought I’d give up and say, “You’re right! My religion doesn’t grant women equal rights. I must now choose a side!” If I wasn’t so passionate about those two issues, I probably would have. Instead, I offered an extensive response (one that I had carefully formulated over the years due to questions of the same nature). It consisted of the usual spiel: how, as a woman living in a liberal society, I am well aware of the rights and the basic notion of equality I should be able to demand, but that I’ve decided to give some of them up (the feminist choice!) in order to partake in my religious denomination, Modern Orthodoxy.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Shmita Manifesto'
    ‘A Shmita Manifesto’ A radical sabbatical approach to Jewish food reform in the United States ADRIENNE KRONE revolutionary movement recently cropped up with a vision to revitalize American Jewish A environmentalism through food reform. This movement implemented shmita (sabbatical) year practices, which Jewish law mandates only inside the land of Israel, in the United States dur- ing the shmita year that began in September 2014. This article ofers a brief historical overview of shmita and then utilizes the main texts of the shmita movement to explore how the Shmita Project connects the diverse worlds of Judaism, environmentalism, ethics, and food reform. The Shmita Project encapsulates a multivalent environmentalist strain of American Judaism that is deeply concerned with climate change, industrial agriculture, and food injustice. The unprecedented observance of an American shmita year, focused on land stewardship and food security, is emblematic of this movement’s eforts towards sustainable agriculture, animal welfare, and repair- ing the American food system through practices that are inspired by Jewish tradition and values. Introduction A revolutionary movement recently cropped up with a vision to revital- ize American Jewish environmentalism through food reform. Tis movement implemented shmita1 year practices in the United States. Shmita is translated literally as ‘release’ but it is more popularly translated as ‘sabbatical’. Shmita is a sabbath for the land. Similar to the weekly sabbath, a day of rest after six days of work, shmita is a year of rest for the land after it has been worked for six years. Shmita highlights both the importance and the sacred qualities attributed to land in Judaism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Joel 2:31 Specifically Is Describing a Sun and Moon Correlation That Is
    THE TETRAD AND THE TEMPLE PROPHETIC KEYS TO SEQUENTIAL RESTITUTION Olivet Discourse Blueprint of Israel’s History by Luis B. Vega [email protected] www.PostScripts.org for illustration in chart section Jesus came out from the Temple and was going away when His Disciples came up to point out the Temple buildings to Him. And He said to them, "Do you not see all these things? Truly I say to you, not one stone here will be left upon another, which will not be torn down." As He was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to Him privately, saying, "Tell us, when will these things happen, and what will be the sign of Your Coming, and of the end of the Age?"… - Matthew 24:2-3 The Tetrad theory basically asserts that an event or series of events of Biblical proportion, regarding Israel and/or the Jews has and will happen when 4 consecutive total Blood Moons occur in a row without partial eclipses in-between them. What the Tetrad theory postulates is that a Tetrad is deemed to be ‘prophetic’ when the 4 Blood Moons fall on the Feast Days of Passover and Sukkot. Sukkot is also referred to as Tabernacles. The Tetrad theory has basically been ascribed to Mark Biltz of El Shaddai Ministries, but there have been others who have studied and written about these eclipse patterns for several years as well. What the Tetrad theory hinges on is even more distinctive when taking into account the whole Tetrad sequences since Christ but especially since the last 3 in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • To Our Rabbis, Greetings As We Approach Rosh Hashanah 5781! As
    בס׳׳ד August 21, 2020 1 Elul 5780 To our Rabbis, Greetings as we approach Rosh Hashanah 5781! As we celebrate the birth of humanity and all of Creation, we ask you, our religious leaders, to again call upon the Jewish community to see ourselves as God’s partners in response to the continuing threat of a climate emergency. But this year we do so in a radically changed world. We write in the midst of a pandemic, great economic uncertainty and the urgent call to condemn systemic racism, sharing with our communities, neighbors and families a collective suffering, at times bordering on despair. We recognize the deep interconnections between Covid 19, racism, and the climate crisis, a knowledge that inspired a poignant and powerful spiritual reflection by Hody Nemes that opens this year’s collection. But the cycle of the year also calls us to hope and renewal. There is no greater need for comfort than now, but also no better opportunity to inspire, educate and take action as you gather your community, in whatever form that gathering may take, during this most unusual High Holiday season. To that end, we have attached a collection of Jewish sources and climate resources that we hope you will find helpful in your High Holidays preparations. New this year, in addition to Hody’s reflection, are suggestions for seamlessly weaving climate content into a virtual zoom discussion and a wonderful video put together and distributed by Hazon on blowing the Shofar! We are also pleased to include, with their permission, reprints of a passionate and thoughtful call to action from Rabbi Art Green; creative liturgical prayers from Rabbi Daniel Nevins; a reading for the Shofar service from Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • For Seven's Sake – a Sabbatical Epic
    For Seven's Sake – A Sabbatical Epic by Dr. Jeremy Benstein1 Siach The Heschel Center The SOVA Project "Only connect! Only connect the prose and the passion, and both will be exalted…" – E. M. Forster Introduction: Connecting Normative and Narrative Friday night, May 22, 2015, corresponding to the 5th of Sivan 5775, represents a rare confluence of three 'cosmic' cycles. First of course, it is the eve of the Shabbat – the seventh day. It also is the 49th day (7 x 7) of the Omer counting, and therefore the last day before the holiday of Shavuot, marking the giving of the Torah. And last but not least, this is all taking place in the shmita year, the seventh year of the sabbatical cycle. That may be interesting to some – but beyond the math, are there deeper connections here? Part of the genius of Judaism is its creative synthesis of halacha and aggada, rules and stories, law and lore, normative and narrative. Or as Forster puts it, "prose and passion."2 One paradigmatic example of this is Shabbat: defined by a raft of regulations (literally hundreds of do's and don'ts), aggadically speaking, Shabbat is both woven into the Creation cycle (Gen. 1,2), and also signifies zecher leyitziyat Mitzrayim, a remembrance of the Exodus from bondage in Egypt. Thus the regulations themselves connect us both to our place in Creation, and to notions of freedom from different sorts of slavery in our lives. Likewise, the Omer period that links Pesach and Shavuot, ties together both the historical side of Exodus, freedom and the reception of the Torah, with the agricultural side of the wheat and barley harvests, culminating in the thanksgiving of the bikurim, the first fruits and their offering.
    [Show full text]
  • Printable Pdf
    Lesson 9: “…for the land is Mine” – laws governing the use of the land 1. Outline: a. A short survey of the agricultural mitzvot b. The sabbatical year (shmita) as a case study: study of the biblical sources and later interpretations c. Modern dilemmas and applications of shmita including a study of modern texts dealing with shmita by Rabbi A.Y. Kook and Rabbi David Golinkin d. The relevance of shmita today – a discussion of the agricultural, social, and moral relevance of shmita in modern society. e. A discussion of the different categories of laws given in the Torah for application upon arrival in Eretz Yisrael. 2. Introduction: The Torah – given in the desert – contains a number of laws that restricted our freedom to exploit the land upon our entry into it. These include limits on when we may work the land, what we may sow and how we may harvest – and also taxation on the produce. Since these commandments are only binding on Jews living on their land in Eretz Yisrael, the tradition developed a special attachment to them – as long as we are living in exile, we are denied the opportunity to fulfill these mitzvot, so our religious life is incomplete. These laws therefore came to symbolize the specialness of the land, our connection to it, and our longing for it when we are in exile. Of the various land-based laws, the sabbatical year (shmita) is probably the best known example, and one whose restoration has generated interesting debates over the past century and a half, so we will examine it as a case study in this unit.
    [Show full text]