Concurrent Monitoring - 1

AP Integrated Irrigation Agriculture Transformation Project

CTRAN COSULTING Pvt Ltd 2019

Contents Executive Summery ...... viii Chapter -1 ...... 1 Project ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Geographical Coverage ...... 1 1.3 Project Beneficiary ...... 2 1.4. Methodology ...... 2 Chapter -2 ...... 4 Socio-Economic Profile of Stakeholders ...... 4 2.0 Introduction ...... 4 2.1 Selected sample farmers in the study area...... 4 2.2 Classification of sample farmers, according to landholdings status ...... 5 2.3 Classification of household, according to social categories ...... 5 2.4 Demographics of the Households ...... 6 2.6 Asset possession of households ...... 9 2.7 Possession of agriculture assets ...... 10 2.8 Possession of milch animals ...... 11 2.9 Household income ...... 12 2.10 Consumption pattern (Expenditure) ...... 12 2.11 Borrowings ...... 12 Chapter -3 ...... 14 Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of WUAs ...... 14 3.1 WUA strengthening and Formation of New WUAs/ Re-delineation of existing WUAs: ...... 15 3.2 Institutional Aspects in tanks with below 100 acres ayacut area: ...... 16 3.3 Capacity Building of WUAs: ...... 16 3.4 WUA Office Infrastructure: ...... 17 3.5 WUA Records and Maintenance: ...... 18 3.6 Para workers: ...... 19 3.7 Social Audit and Public Disclosure: ...... 20 3.8 Water Tax & Corpus Collection: ...... 20 3.9 Support Organisations: ...... 20 3.10 WUA Self-Rating ...... 22 3.11 Cascade Development Plans & Tank Development Plans: ...... 22 i | P a g e

3.12 Analysis of WUA Data ...... 23 3.13 Others:...... 29 3.14 Key observation & Suggestions ...... 29 Chapter -4 ...... 31 Rehabilitation and Modernization of SSCBI Systems ...... 31 4.1 Introduction ...... 31 4.2 Status of TDPs/ CDPs ...... 31 4.3 Observations ...... 33 4.4 Work wise status of on-going tank rehabilitation (civil) works ...... 33 4.5 Compliance of Dam Safety panel suggestions/findings for Dam Safety tanks ...... 34 4.6 Environmental Management Compliance ...... 35 4.7 Quality control and quality ensuring measures ...... 35 4.8 Season wise report on water use efficiency ...... 36 4.9 Improving Water Productivity and Efficiency ...... 36 4.10. Crop Water Budgeting...... 36 4.11 Initiative on Crop Planning and adopting ...... 36 4.12 Training of WUA / Farmers on water productivity and efficiency ...... 36 Chapter -5 ...... 39 Improving Farm Water Productivity and Efficiency ...... 39 5.1 Crop Water Budgeting ...... 39 5.2 Data Base Centers: ...... 39 5.3 Training of WUA / Farmers on Water Productivity and Efficiency ...... 40 5.4 Crop and Technology Adoption ...... 40 5.5 Water Flow Measurement & Water Productivity ...... 40 5.6 Participatory Groundwater Management (PGM) ...... 41 5.7 State Level PGM Activity Progress Update: ...... 41 5.8 State Level Observation on PGM Activity: ...... 41 5.9 Findings on Willing/ Non-Willingness on Water Sharing Between Adjacent Farmers: ...... 42 5.10 Way Forward in PGM Implementation: ...... 43 Chapter -6 ...... 45 Climate Smart Crop Production and Diversification ...... 45 6.1 Agriculture Interventions ...... 46 6.2 Horticulture interventions ...... 53 6.3 Climate Smart Aquaculture Production ...... 61 ii | P a g e

Chapter -7 ...... 62 Post-harvest Management, Market & Agribusiness Model for Horticultural Crops ...... 62 7.1 Agriculture Market Transformation and Value addition (Agribusiness) ...... 63 7.2 Post Harvest Management, Market and Agribusiness promotion horticulture crops...... 64 7.3 Capacity building/ Training Programs/Exposure visits ...... 64 Chapter 8...... 65 Project management ...... 65 8.1 Institutional arrangements ...... 65 8.2 Project Staff Trainings ...... 66 8.3 Methods of Capacity Building for the Project Staff ...... 66 8.4 MIS & GIS Applications ...... 67

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List of Tables

2.1 Classification of Sample Farmers According to Landholdings Status

2.2 Distribution of Sample Respondents According to their Caste Group

2.3 Distribution of Sample Respondents According to their Gender

2.4 Primary Occupation of the Household members

2.5 Landholding wise and housing type - %

2.6 Household Items

2.7 Agriculture Implements

2.8 Expenditure status 2.9 Table No 2.6. Household items 3.1 District wise tanks with less than 100 ac ayacut 3.2 Status of Office Building infrastructure 3.3 Summary of SO rating – Category wise 4.1 CDP/TDP - Activities, primary and secondary Responsibility 4.2 Trainings on TDP and CDP 4.3 APIIATP - No. of Works in Project Districts 4.4 Names of Tanks &Hight of Bund 4.5 Increase in outcome indicator 5.1 State Level PGM Activity Progress 5.2 Pilot Project Tanks Selection in Each District Under APIIAT Project 5.3 Buying / Selling of Excess Ground Water 6.1 District wise number of house-holds interviewed 6.2 District wise demonstrations proposed for the FY 2019-20 6.3 Area expansion of horticulture crops carried out in the year 2018-19 6.4 Rejuvenation & Canopy Management of old orchards carried out in the year 2018-19 6.5 District was details of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices promoted in APIIATP 6.6 Details of acreage promoted with permanent pandals under APIIATP 6.7 Details of acreage promoted with water-soluble fertilizers under APIIATP. 8.1 District wise Logistics

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List of Annexures 1 LBT household members list 2.1 Beneficiary Status 2.2 Households land holding - size wise Area in Acres 2.3 Caste Wise Details 2.4 Asset possession of households 2.5 A Household Assets 2.5 B Household Assets 2.5 C Household Assets 2.5 D Household Assets 2.6 A Agriculture Implements 2.6 B Agriculture Implements 2.6 C Agriculture Implements 2.6 D Agriculture Implements 2.7 Live Stock 2.8 Gross Income 2.9 Consumption Pattern (Expenditure) 2.10 Districts wise sources of borrowing 3.1 District wise Ayacutdars

Ayacutdars – Tenants – District wise

Land Owners Comparison – Control Vs Project – District wise

3.2 Various users of Tanks and Number of Users, Comparison of lascar Availability district wise 3.3 Neeruganti Availability – Control VS Project Comparison - District Wise 3.4 Payments to Neeruganti – Control Vs Project comparison - District wise

3.5 District wise Situation of Irrigation to Tail End Farmers 3.6 District Wise Number of Shortfalls in Last Five Years - Control Vs Project tanks comparison 3.7 Assessment and Allocation of Water before Season 3.8 District wise Crop Planning before Season 3.9 District wise Water Scheduling and Release 3.10 District wise Distribution of Mode of Water 4.1 Work wise Physical Progress: Anantapur district v | P a g e

4.2 Work wise Physical Progress: Chittoor district 4.3 Work wise Physical Progress: East Godavari district 4.4 Work wise Physical Progress: Kadapa district 4.5 Work wise Physical Progress: Krishna district 4.6 Work wise Physical Progress: Kurnool district 4.7 Work wise Physical Progress: Nellore district 4.8 Work wise Physical Progress: Prakasam district 4.9 Work wise Physical Progress: Srikakulam district 4.10 Work wise Physical Progress: Visakhapatnam district 4.11 Work wise Physical Progress: Vizianagaram district 4.12 Work wise Physical Progress: West Godavari district 6.1 Number of farmers participated in seed production activity in the project area 6.2 District wise farmers’ awareness and adoption levels of improved soil nutrient management practices 6.3 District wise details of farmers’ participation in technology demonstration 6.4 District wise farmers’ awareness and adoption levels of improved pest management practices 6.5 District wise farmers’ awareness and adoption levels of improved crops/cropping system practices 6.6 District wise farmers’ awareness and adoption levels of improved soil water management practices 6.7 District wise and sector wise farmers’ participation in the training programs 6.8 District wise, sector wise farmers’ participation in the exposure visits (within & out-side the state) and Kisanmela/Farmer’s day

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Abbreviations Used AAP Annual Action Plan ANGRAU Acharya NG Ranga Agriculture University APDs Assistant Project Director APIIATP Andhra Pradesh Integrated Irrigation Agriculture Transformation Project CAS Crop Adoption Survey CB Capacity Building CDP Cascade Development Plans CHC Custom Hiring Centre CIGs Common Interest Group CMSS Community Managed Seed System CWB Crop Water Budgeting DPD District Project Director DPMU District Project Management Unit DPR Detailed PROJECT report DPUs District Project Unit FGDs Focus Group Discussions FPO Farmers Producer Organization ICM Intensive Crop Management ICRISAT International Crop Research in Semi-arid Tropics INM Integrated Nutrient Management INM Integrated Nutrition Management IPM Integrated Pest Management JDAs Joint Director of Agriculture LBT. Longitudinal Benefit Tracking MARKFED Marketing Federation MC Managing Committees NABARD National Bank for Agricultural Rural Development NGO Nan Governmental Organization PGM Participatory Groundwater Management PHM Participatory Hydrogeological Monitoring PIP Project Implementation Plan PMU Project Management Unit PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal QCS Quality Control System RFPs Reply For Proposal SAB Social Audit Boards SERP Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty SO Support Organisation SPMU State Project Management Unit SSCBI Small Scale Community Based Irrigation TACs Technical Advisory Committee TDP Tank Development Planning TRPs Training Resource Persons WSF Water Soluble Fertilizers WUA Water User Association

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Executive Summary Component A-1 As part of the institutional strengthening capacity building programme of WUAs the contract for hiring 17 Support organisation was finalized and is in position. In seven (7) districts one SO per district and rest of 5 districts 2 SOs per district are positioned. All SO are from NGOs community and one SO in Krishna district is corporation promoted foundation (Trust). The SOs have completed the selection of staff members, organized a workshop for the newly recruited staff. The SOs are facilitating the WUAs for the selection of land for constructing their office buildings. The WUAs are rated on a quarterly basis. The SO rating is also done across 12 districts. There are 652 tanks approved under 3 TACs (TAC1, TAC2, TAC3). Out of 322 Independent tanks, 298 tanks have WUAs and of these, 278 tanks have Managing Committees (MC) and the rest 20 WUAs doesn’t have MCs. The major reasons for the absence of MCs is local political environment. Though the members are identified for the MC, they are not working as a committee for WUAs there was no consensus within the village. These WUAs need new management committee either by election or nomination. In cascade system, the tanks that are below 100 ac ayacut are not part of any WUA system. Formation of new WUAs needs to be initiated,the district wise tanks with less than 100 acres areasfollow: District wise Tanks with Less than 100 Acres District No of tanks with District No of tanks with below 100 ac ayacut below 100 ac ayacut Anantapur 13 Nellore 0 Chittoor 17 Prakasam 15 East Godavari 4 Srikakulam 34 Kadapa 5 Vizianagaram 31 Krishna 4 Vishakhapatnam 14 Kurnool 10 West Godavari 9

For the building of WUA office, the sites have been identified in 34 tanks and for construction of building 3 estimations are received. The books have been supplied to all WUA and minutes book writing is initiated in the project where para workers have been identified. The para workers have been identified in 233 WUAs. In Srikakulam all women Para workers have been identified. The social audit boards yet to be initiated. The system of rating of SOs is adopted to assess the performance of SOs on 5 key parameters. The district teams have already initiated SO rating. At present 2 SOs each in A and B grades and in the rest 11 are in C grade. The socio-economic survey has been carried out in 55 tanks and covered 860 households. The objective of the study is to compare the results from control tanks to project tanks. In each district, one control tank and 4 project tanks have been covered in the study. There is no variation on various indicators between control and project tanks as of now, since the project interventions are limited to few tanks with less quantum of work.

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Subcomponent A.2: Rehabilitation and Modernization of SSCBI systems Background.This subcomponent will modernize the irrigation infrastructure of about 1,000 tank systems located in 178 cascades (485 tanks) and 515 independent tanks by adopting a competitive approach to financing the investments. Total area to be covered is about 90,000 ha. Important works expected to be financed by and implemented by Water Resources Department (WRD) through its irrigation Divisions under subcomponent A.2 include (i) modernizing control structures (diversion weirs), supply channels, and cross-regulation structures; (ii) de-silting feeder and supply channels; (iii) strengthening and upgrading tank bunds, earthen dams, spillways, distribution canals, field channels, and drainage line treatment within the cascade; (iv) installing flow measurement devices in selected irrigation canal/field channel, (v) using modern quality-testing devices to determine soil compaction and the quality and durability of concrete structures. Chapter-IV of this report has described the actions taken in a systematic manner and has incorporated his observations, suggestions and at actions to be taken by the State Project Unit (PMU). Summary of the Chapter-IV is presented below. Context at end of first half yearly period. During the half yearly period (January-July 2019), 179 works were taken up covering 296 tanks.. Quality Control measures for Quality Assurance (QC&QA) were put in place from the inception. Quality control was institutionalized by utilising the services persons assigned with such responsibility working in setups Independent of the Divisions of executing the work. Quality Control Manual is available with these persons and they are aware of the quality control related activities to be performed by them. Testing of materials before use in construction, devices to determine soil compaction and the quality and durability of concrete structures are usually adapted as part of QC&QA. Records and registers are maintained for verification by Irrigation Divisions for verification during external monitoring of ComponentA.2. For an overall understanding of the process, progress, speed of execution, quality control, environmental compliance, certain categories of activities have been ranked into grades viz. Highly Satisfactory, Satisfactory, Moderately Satisfactory, Moderately Unsatisfactory, Unsatisfactory, and Highly Unsatisfactory. Rating on various activities S.No Activity Rating 1 Process adopted in awarding work Highly satisfactory

2 Work commencement and progress Highly satisfactory

3 The progress of work execution Moderately satisfactory.

4 Speed of work execution Unsatisfactory.

5 Quality control Moderately satisfactory

6 Environmental compliance Satisfactory

7 Environmental monitoring reports Unsatisfactory

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Process adopted in award of work to construction agencies The Project Management Unit(PMU at state level, District Project Unit(DPU) at district level and officials at the level of Superintending Engineers and Chief Engineer (Minor Irrigation )have adapted due processes for engagement of construction agencies under the guidance of the World Bank that has enabled starting of construction activities in January 2019 in the State. It is rated as highly satisfactory. Work commencement and progress The construction work commenced during January to march in 179 tendered works consisting both cascades and independent tanks. These 179 works include 296 tanks. The World Bank had suggested PMU to take up 300 tanks for rehabilitation and modernisation in the first year I.e. FY 2019-20 which is opined could be achieved before March 2020 by commencement of works in few more tanks. It is rated as highly satisfactory. Works Component-WUA The WUA work component at to be initiated. Estimations are under progress The progress was found to be good in most of the tanks out of 179 works during February to April .It got slowed down or complete halt due to state general elections and related reasons. After the election period it got movement in Prakasham and Chittore. In other districts due water storage in tanks, cropping in ayacut, non-payment of bills of contractor, the construction did not continue at good pace. It is rated as moderately satisfactory. Speed of work execution In around one fourth of the 179 works, speed of execution is found to be proper and in rest of the tanks, it was less compared to what could have been considering it to be time bound project of supported by the World Bank. It is rated as unsatisfactory. Quality control Quality control related documents were verified during external monitoring that consists of visit of quality control engineers to site while construction is in progress, testing and test reports of concrete, core cutting, preparation of block for concrete testing, issue of quality control certificates. It was found that there are no major defects in concrete works, or reduction in specification/dimensions compared to designed drawings and that may be rated as of quality not acceptable. Quality control measures adapted in implementation of component A.2 is rated as moderately satisfactory. Environmental compliance In the projects where construction works were taken up, environmental compliance was inquired from the DPU who were having responsibility on this matter during external monitoring. As reported by them, there are no issues like piling of soils, water logging, air pollution and complaints from local people on environment related problems or workers engaged for construction. The compliance reports as stipulated to be prepared by DPUs may be submitted by end of each quarter by DPUs. It is indicated as satisfactory.

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Environmental monitoring reports The Environmental and Social management framework (ESMF) has been prepared for APIIATP. The DPUs are obviously having responsibility to take up internal monitoring of environmental management related issues. During the visit, it was found that that agreements contain provisions on environment and monitoring by DPUs and preparation of statements/reports. It was observed that this activity has initiated during this first half yearly period. It is therefore indicated as unsatisfactory. There was no change reported in the PDO indicators by the DPUs, till June end. The rating of Rehabilitation and Modernization of SSCBI systems sub-component for the first half yearly period is indicated to be satisfactory. Suggestions Ten points on which action to be taken by PMU are suggested in this first half yearly concurrent monitoring report (Section 4.12). These points include issuing instructions to DPUS to get the deviations agreed upon in the inspection reports by the competent authority approved by the concerned SEs or CE, in accordance with the minutes of meetings, construct all Cut-Throat Flumes(CTF) as per the contract documents, deployment of more skilled and un-skilled labour by contractors where the pace of progress of construction is slow, facilitation of payments uploaded in CFMS by the Irrigation Divisions, obtaining crop plans from Support Organization(SO), and develop a mechanism for measurement of water discharge in CTF in all tanks where construction work is commenced.

Component A3.

This component is an integral part of the overall implementation and different PGM groups have been formed in the project locations or process is initiated to strength the existing ones. As per the information available, the project area is now having 316 PGM groups.

During 2019-20, it is planned to take up installation of piezometers in selected sites, conducting training for PGM groups on ground water monitoring and establishing a pipeline for ground water sharing.

The state level PGM activity progress on reconnoitery survey completed 50%, and piezometers drilling site identifications completed 50%, the Geophysical surveys of piezometer sites nearly 80% completed in state level. Drilling of piezometers site permissions and granting’s are in progress from Head office. Till now 201 permissions are granted from head office for each district. Around 316 PGM groups are already formed in tank levels, but training is in progress. These PGM groups more in Srikakulam, Krishna and Prakasam districts, and less in Kurnool, Anantapur, Chittoor, Visakhapatnam, East and West Godavari districts respectively.

Out of 480 piezometer sites, 201 Piezometer sites are sent for approvals to head office, and around 60% sites are approved by Groundwater Department. Remaining approvals are in progress. Previously, only two piezometers were drilled in Anantapur district. So far, 316 Tank wise PGM groups (Those who are having bore well) were formed in this project districts.

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Component -B1 Climate Smart Agriculture Production

As a part of the first Concurrent Monitoring of APIIATP, CTRAN team has personally visited both project tank villages (both LBT and Sample Tank villages) and control tank villages and interacted with the concerned officers at various levels viz.;Agri expert team at PMU; Nodal Officers at Dept. of Agri. & Dept. of Horti.; District level officers of Dept. of Agri. and Dept. of Horti., DPMU, APDs; and WUA and discussed the project implementation status. The team concluded that only state level action plan is prepared for Agriculture and Horticulture activities. Not much activities except orientation programs were reportedly taken up at tank village level. As there is no exclusive staff at district level, project implementation is moving very slowly. The existing district level Agri./Horti. department officials are already burdened with regular departmental works. Though the action plan for 2019-20, for agriculture, horticulture and agri. business components are prepared at state level, it is not taken to the district level for actual implementation.

The household survey is carried out at village level, with beneficiary farmers is expected to help in understanding the project benefits and their impact at house hold level. However, by the time of first house-hold survey, there was no agri./horti. interventions ground at tank level, the data of LBT house-holds/ sample tank house-holds and control tank house-holds is much similar. The data of LBT house-holds /sample house-holds can’t be compared with control house-holds as the agri./horti. interventions are not ground. No significant difference or trend is noticed between the data collected at LBT households/ sample house-holds and control house-holds, with respect to various parameters related to agriculture/horticulture.

House-hold survey data indicates that the project area farmers are aware of the benefits and technical know-how of proposed agri./horti. intervention which would help in bringing the APIIATP a great success in coming years. The data collected LBT/sample tank/control tank indicates that, the farmers in the project area already have past experience in seed production activity for the last 7-8 years, however the activity was not consistent over the years. The 22% farmer respondents from project tank villages and 30% farmer respondents from control tank have participated in seed production activity through some or the other project. Farmers ascertain dysfunction of seed processing units, non-availability of breeder seed/foundation seed, lack of capital fund and market are some of the reasons for withdrawal from seed production activity. Seed production by farmer in the project areas is given prime importance under APIIATP inorder to encourage crop and varietal diversification in the project area and thereby increase crop production. The SOs have initiated the process of identification of seed villages and seed farmers in selected project districts. The work is in progress as expected.

Further, the project area farmers are also aware of many improved crop production practices such as chemical seed treatment, green manuring, soil application of Nutrient Solubilizing Bacteria/biofertilizers, participating in the technology demonstration, Pulses intercropping in crops such as groundnut, cotton, maize, foxtail millet (korra), pearl millet (bajra) etc., Redgram planting xii | P a g e

on field bunds, various water conservation techniques(deep ploughing by sub-soilers/conservation furrows/micro irrigation/etc.) etc. However, the house-hold survey data also states that, in spite of good awareness about the improved crop production techniques, the adoption levels of the same is relatively very poor, especially in Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts.

A total of 625 demonstrations across the 12 districts and district wise numbers of demonstrations to be taken up are finalized. Selection of demo villages and identification of demo farmers is in progress. Demonstrations are expected to roll on in the coming kharif season. Through the officials it is learnt that the indent for the required quantity of the bio-fertilizers (nutrient solubilizing bacteria) is placed with the bio-fertilizer Lab, ANGRAU and indent for the seed treatment chemical & herbicides is placed with the MARKFED and required quantity of perennial red-gram seed indent is placed with AP Seed Development Corporation. Beneficiary identification for the distribution of project inputs is yet to be initiated. Once the beneficiaries are identified, the thematic training programs relevant to various proposed project interventions with respect to agri./horti./agri. business will be taken up.

Along with agriculture, the project also supported horticultural activities in the project districts. Promotion of climate resilient practices in horticultural activities will be the cross-cutting area in the overall intervention. Dept. of Horticulture prepared a ‘Work Done Report for 2018-19’. However, monitoring team was given this report after the completion of field visit. Hence, the team could not visit the project activities as mentioned in the Work Done Report for 2018-19. The activities may be visited during the monitoring for the third quarter. As per the progress report submitted by Dept. of Horticulture, for the year 2018-19, area expansion under horticulture to an extent of 218.72 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs. 82.17 Lakhs was achieved with various crops. Rejuvenation of mango and sweet orange orchards to the extent in 28.40 Ha was taken up with a financial out lay of Rs.8.36 Lakhs. While, canopy management in mango & sweet orange plantations was taken up in 15.27 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 1.37 Lakhs. ICM/INM practices were promoted in Anantapuramu, Chittoor and Prakasam districts to the extent in 185.58 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs.23.19 Lakhs. Permanent pendals for vegetable crops was promoted in 23.67 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs.35.22 Lakhs was taken up. In the year 2018-19, project also supported with water soluble fertilizers to cover 42.50 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 4.69 Lakhs. A total of 59 training programs were completed with an expenditure of Rs.3.49 Lakhs. Out of this, 15 trainings were conducted for mobilization, formation & strengthening of FPOs covering all the project districts. Other than the mobilization for formation of new FPOs and strengthening of existing FPOs no other activity under agribusiness component was taken up under the project.

Component- B2 Climate Smart Aquaculture Production

The under this component activities are in planning phase. The detailed planning has been done on various activities and budget estimations is also done for the following activities. • Establishment of fresh water fish Brood banks • Upgrading and modernisation of fish seed farms • Establishment of captive seed nurseries • Construction of fish landing centres • Providing equipment for aqua labs • Supply of fishing and post-harvest fishing inputs

The trainings have been organized in three districts, Ananathapur, East Godavari and Vizianagaram. xiii | P a g e

Component- C Post-Harvest Management, Market and Agri-Business Promotion: Before grounding the proposed agri./horti./agri. business interventions in the field, series of orientation workshops at state, district and village level were organized by department of agriculture to various stakeholders viz., officials of state line departments, district level department staff, DPMU team, Support Organizations, WUA members and farmers etc. At district level orientation/inception programs were organized for APDs and SOs. Orientation on APIIATP was also organized for the president and vice-presidents of WUA in their respective districts. Two exposure visits were organized by Agri. Department for farmers in Chittoor district. One group of farmers was taken to Almatti Dam Back Waters (Out-side the state) to see ‘Efficient Water Management Practices’ and the other group was taken to Rayachoti (within the state) to see ‘Natural Farming Practices’. Farmers expressed that the visits were very useful for them and they learned many new natural farming practices and water management practices. Few farmers have also started adopting the natural farming practices the learnt there.

Component- D

The procurement of key organisations/ institutes has been completed. The agreements have been concluded with Training Facilitating Agency (TFA), Support organisations (SO), External M&E agency, APCFSS for MIS & GIS development and all the organisations are on their rolls. Out of 12 districts, the APDs have been provided office space in 9 DPUs. The computers and printers are available in six (6) districts and rest of the districts are permitted to buy but because of delay due to administrative procedures, the remaining districts are not able to procure these items. In seven (7) districts, the DPU office is located at district head quarter whereas in five (5) districts office is located at other than district Headquarters. The Project Management Unit (PMU) has conducted trainings/workshop/exposure visits to the project staff. Total of project staff trained is 2500 members, till June ending. At state level, the MIS and GIS software is in usage.

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Chapter -1 Project

1.1 Introduction The Project Development Objective is “to enhance agricultural productivity, profitability and resilience to climate variability in selected tank systems of Andhra Pradesh”. The components of the projects are Component A has three sub-components: A.1: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of WUAs; A.2: Rehabilitation and Modernization of the SSCBI systems; A.3: Improving Water Productivity and Efficiency; Component B has two sub components B.1: Climate Smart Crop Production and Diversification; B.2: Climate Smart Aquaculture Production. Component C: Post-harvest Management, Market and Agribusiness Promotion Component D: Project Management and Capacity Building

1.2 Geographical Coverage

The proposed project will be implemented over a period of 6 years, providing benefits to 0.2 million farming families directly covering about 90,000 Ha of agriculture land in 1,200 tank command areas. The project will cover 12 districts (except Guntur), in the state with an intensive focus on agricultural development in four north-coastal districts of AP (Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, areas of East Godavari district

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1.3 Project Beneficiary The project will have a number of beneficiaries in different categories, i.e., farmers, tenants, fishers etc., based on the scope of the project and framed activities. While, overall selection and involvement of beneficiaries will be based on the existing guidelines of the Government, in order to make the intervention inclusive and result oriented. 1.4. Methodology The project covers several aspects: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of Water Users Associations to manage the tank systems and groundwater sources, and to improve land and water productivity through promotion of sustainable agriculture. Taking the multi-disciplinary nature of the project into account, tools of different disciplines have been developed for data collection and for assessment of the project interventions. Thus, the external monitoring and evaluation agency comprises a team with multi-disciplinary expertise to avail in its approach to the task. The concurrent monitoring has been conducted by a team of multi-disciplinary experts from relevant disciplines. To realize the objectives of the assignment and the tasks involved a combination of different data collection methods were used. An important method with socio-anthropological dimensions used is based on a participatory observation and assessment. As per agreement a sample of 60 tanks was covered for concurrent monitoring comprising 23 sample tanks, 24 longitudinal tanks and 11 from control sample. Care was taken to include tanks which were impact of project interventions have been taken up. Annexure A. (Due to phani cyclone 1 sample tank and 1 control tanks are not covered.) As per the contract the external M & E agency task is to update and use the indicator values for the Key outcome indicators as per the project’s key performance indicators. Accordingly, data was collected. 1.4.1 Selection of Households The systematic Random procedure was followed in selecting the households in the project and control tanks. Accordingly, 15 households were randomly selected from each of the selected project and control tanks. Thus, a total of 720 households were selected from project tanks and 180 households from control tanks. Further, from selected households, due care was taken to include the total households in the ratio of 5:5:5 from head, middle and tail end reaches of the ayacut from selected tanks. 1.4.2 Collection of data Schedules were prepared for capturing the required information at tank, WUA and household levels for primary and secondary levels of data. The interview schedule was pre-tested in the field before the survey by duly including PMU. For furnishing WUA, Tank Schedules, the data was collected through using PRA technics like transect walks, FGDs, perusal of records and discussions with key informants. 1.4.3 Method of collection Minimum one or two members of the external M&E team visited each selected tank and collected data for Tank, WUA schedules through interview method and also verified the relevant records. 1.4.4 Survey Team Separate household survey teams (investigators) were recruited 4 team i.e one team for 3 districts (each team consist of 4 members) for collecting primary data with respect to household schedules.

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1.4.5 Limitations of Survey data. The sample selected for these categories are based on intelligent perceptions of Tank Reach rather than any well-defined demarcation. Clear-cut demarcations of Head, Middle and Tail are not available at tank level as it is under Minor Irrigation. The control tanks are not exactly similar to project tanks as they are dry / non-functional tanks due to occurrence of drought for several years; In some places Pucca Revenue/Irrigation Records are not made available for cross verification of field data. Some farmers are not keen to inform their income and value of their assets while collecting data from respondents of Longitudinal Benefit Tracking (LBT). LBT farmers selected during the baseline survey are either not present or name are not found, therefore, as per criteria new farmers have been selected wherever the name is not found.

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Chapter -2 Socio-Economic Profile of Stakeholders 2.0 Introduction The present chapter primarily deals with the socioeconomic profile of sample households in the project area duly comparing with control areas. The main emphasis was on socioeconomic features, such as, class and community composition of the sample households, literacy, employment position, income from different sources, expenditure, asset possession both agriculture and livestock, status of living and finally the level of indebtedness of the project vis-à-vis control households in the surveyed tanks. This would help to assess the project impact on the profile of the stakeholders at different phases in the study region under the following sub heads. 2.1 Selected sample farmers in the study area As already pointed in the methodology chapter the total selected sample farmers from 60 tanks spread over 12 districts constitute 900 households in the study area i.e project and control together. Within the project 24 tanks are taken as longitudinal Benefit Tracking (LBT) tanks and remaining 24 random sample project tanks. The LBT beneficiaries 15 in each village have been selected during the base line. As on today some of the LBT farmers not found in the field. There is a variation between baseline list and LBT list because farmers identified at base line time are not found during data collection. The list of the LBT has been given in annexure 1. The data is collected as per the approved questionnaire after pre-testing and the same is tabulated in excel sheet and the analysis is carried out as per the objectives. Similarly, the households, selected from control area were 165 from 12 non-project tanks which form the basis for comparison of different socio-economic characteristics with that of project situations. The 60 tanks spread over 12districts constitute 900 households in the study area, among that ayacutdars88% in project 92% from control respectively, the rest of the sample is from ayacut bore well users and from a tank influence zone. The details are given in annexure -1. The classification of the sample has been given in the following graph.

100.0 92.1 88 90.0 Catergory of land owners 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 4.2 6 6 10.0 0.0 0.6 3.0 0 0

0.0

others others

Non-Adar

Ayacutdar Ayacutdar

Non-Ayacutdar

zone

Borewell user in ayacut in user Borewell ayacut in user Borewell Borewell user - tank influetank- user Borewell Borewell user -tankinfluen user Borewell control Project

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2.2 Classification of sample farmers, according to landholdings status The sample households, thus, selected are classified according to the economic groups as marginal, small, medium and large farmers based on size of land holdings and are presented in Table .2.1. Table No2.1 :Classification of Sample Farmers According to Landholdings Status S. % Project Category Acres Control Project Total No control % 0-1 19 18 18 1 Marginal 54 47 1-2 35 29 31 2-3 15 22 21 2 Small 35 42 3-4 11 12 12 4-5 9 8 8 5-6 7 4 4 6-7 0 2 2 3 Medium 9 8 7-8 2 1 1 8-9 0 1 1 4 Large 2 2 10 Above 2 2 2 Grand Total 100 100 100

A perusal of Table 1 showed above 85 per cent of the sample constitutes marginal and small farmers in both the project and control areas. This could be attributed to the fact that the majority of the medium and large farmers are not in a position to cultivate their lands and selling their land to fellow farmers due to labour shortage and input problems. Details are given in annexure 2.2 2.3 Classification of household, according to social categories As indicated in Table 2 forward communities constitute 54% in the control group and 37% in the project group. Backward castes constitute 33% in the control group and 51% in the project group. Table No. 2.2. Distribution of Sample Respondents According to their Caste Group Control/Project Caste Percentage SC 13 CONTROL BC 33 OC 54 Total 100 SC 6 ST 6 PROJECT BC 51 OC 37 Total 100

While the project population has a 6% ST population, there are no ST population in the control group. With the SC population, the control group has a greater number of SC population at 13% than in the project group which is 6%. Overall, the backward caste population is higher in the project group than in the control group, the percentage of forward caste is lower in the project group than the control group indicating the focus on lower caste groups. However, the representation of SC and ST population in the project group is quite low. The details are given in annexure 2.3.

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2.4 Demographics of the Households 2.4.1 Respondents gender Of the 860 respondents, including both control and project, the gender distribution is similar with men forming a 92% and women 8%. This is close to the national occupational share holdings of women and men in agriculture which is at 13. 9% for women and the remaining being men. Table 3 indicates the total respondents’ percentages of women and men. Table No. 2.3. Distribution of Sample Respondents According to their Gender

Control/Project Gender Grand Total % Male 152 92 CONTROL Female 13 8 CONTROL Total 165 100 Male 636 92 PROJECT Female 59 8 PROJECT Total 695 100 Grand Total 860

2.4.2 Household members’ gender Similarly, the gender distribution of household members in the control and project respondents is very close with Males in control group of HHs at 39% and project group at 41%; females in control group at 61% and project group 59%. The graphs indicating the percentage of women members are more as the respondents are not included in the HH member.

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2.4.3 Respondents’ age A large part of the respondents of control tanks are in the age groups of 40-59 age and they are 48% and between 60-79 group is with 43% rest are in < 40 and > 80 year of age group. Similarly, a major share of the project respondents also fell in the age groups of 40-59 age with 51% and 60-79age with 37 %, rest are in < 40 and > 80 year of age group.

2.4.4

Household members’ age The major share of household members are children and young adults in both control and project households. In the control group, 0 to 30 years population group formed 53% whereas in the project households, members of the same age group formed about 57% of the population. The details are given in the following graph. Rest are in above 30 years.

2.4.5 Literacy status of sample households The literacy levels of the selected farm households are presented in the graphs below. While more respondents have primary education among control group than the project, a greater number of project respondents have secondary education than the control group. An almost equal number of respondents in both project and control group have tertiary education.

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The percentage of education levels among households of respondents, data indicate very similar trends between control and project groups.The details given as below.

2.5Employment status of sample respondents and household members It is observed from the below graph that a major percentage of respondents’ occupation is cultivators with equal percentages in both the control and project group at 88 and 89 % respectively.

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2.5.1 Employment status of household members. The primary occupation of the control and project group also remained similar as i.e 38 % and 34% respectively, followed by govt/ private sector service occupation with 5%. The control and project tanks have 11 similar primary occupation but project tanks got 3 additional occupations with marginal percentage. It may vary between control and project as project progress Table -2.4. Primary Occupation of the Household members Primary occupation Control% Project % Cultivator -Agri 38.35 34.20 Agri Labour 4.66 4.26 Livestock 0.85 0.98 Sheep rearing 0.21 0.05 Labour 0.42 0.39 Industrial Labour 0.42 0.20 Rural Artisans 0.42 0.10 Business 0.21 0.54 Service (Govt/Pvt.) 5.51 5.23 Washerman 0.42 0.15 Housewife 16.31 14.38 Student 25.21 23.78 Others 6.99 15.07 Poultry 0.05 Transport 0.20 Fisherman 0.44 100 100

2.6Asset possession of households Asset possession of households is one of the indices considered while evaluating the economic status. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the assets owned. Majority of households i.e., 89% in both project and control group possessed pucca houses. The share of Kutcha houses is quite low at 3%, which is a positive indicator towards development. Average value of house possessed by control group is Rs. 6,84,469 which is slightly higher than the project group where the average stood at Rs. 6,13,838. In the state, housing data is projecting healthy results, 88 percentage of the households are having pucca houses (permanent structure) though the farm size is less, it is not having impact on housing. It was reported that marginal and small farmers benefited from govt housing schemes. In Anantapur, no kutcha or semi pucca houses are reported, it is because of Govt and NGOs interventions in the district quite reachable to the needy. Whereas in East Govdavari, 3 % of Kuchca houses are reported. There is no much difference between control and project tanks. The details are given in annexure 2.4

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The details of landholding wise possession of types houses are given in table No. 6 Table No. 2.5:Landholding wise and housing type - %

Asset possession of households is one of the indices considered while evaluating the economic status. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the assets owned by different categories of households such as marginal, small, medium and large farmers. While possessions of household articles such as TV and phones are equally owned by project and control group. On an average each house hold has one or more cell phones and each household has TV. It has been observed that project group owned more computers and internet connections than control group. With respect to other assets possessed in the household, project group seems to be in a better asset holding than the control group. The details are given in Annexure2.5 A, B, C,D Table No 2.6. Household items %

CONTROL PROJECT Grand SL Category <=2 2-4 4-9 >9 Total % <2 2-4 5-9 >9 Total % Total% Telephone 1 &Cellphone 95 92 88 100 94 90 96 96 100 92 93 2 Television 93 92 94 100 93 89 92 96 100 91 91 Computer 3 Laptop 3 3 0 25 3 2 2 4 18 2 2 Internet 4 connection 2 0 0 25 2 2 2 5 18 3 2 5 Refrigerator 37 53 47 100 43 32 51 61 100 41 42 Washing 6 Machine 4 8 12 25 6 6 12 16 36 9 9 7 Bicycle 31 19 24 0 27 26 27 39 73 29 28 8 Two-wheeler 43 56 35 75 45 46 65 65 100 54 52 9 Four-wheeler 2 6 0 25 3 2 4 8 45 4 4

2.7Possession of agriculture assets The data reveals that the possession of agricultural assets by households, viz., tractor, plough, bullock carts, oil engines, cultivators, threshers, sprayers and other implements increased marginally in the 10 | P a g e

project area. Obviously, tractors, power tillersare owned by large farmers whereas plough are owned by the small and marginal farmers because of higher purchasing power. The district wise household assets are given in Annexure 2.6 A,B, C,D Table No. 2.7: Agriculture implements CONTROL PROJECT SL Category Acres <=2 2-4 4-9 >9 <2 2-4 5-9 >9 1 Tractor Number 6 11 12 25 6 10 19 45 2 Power tiller Number 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 9 3 Bullock Cart Number 3 3 12 0 2 4 7 0 4 Plough (Nagali) Iron Wood 9 3 6 0 8 12 11 9 5 Seed Drill for sowing seeds Number 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 Peddler used in main rice fields 0 3 0 0 1 3 4 0 6 before transplanting to make the Disc Plough used for deep ploughing 0 3 6 0 0 1 0 0 7 Number 8 Weeder roto 0 3 0 25 1 1 0 0 9 Cultivator for inter-cultivation 5 3 6 25 3 6 12 9 Duster to sprinkle pesticide powder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 on plants Number 11 Sprayer manual Number 13 6 12 25 11 19 16 45 Sprayer powder operated used for 7 19 12 0 7 9 20 55 12 fruit trees Number 13 Thresher groundnut Number 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 14 Pump set Electric Number 9 8 6 25 8 16 17 27 15 Oil Engine Electric motor Number 2 8 0 0 2 1 9 0 16 Other implements Number 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2.8 Possession of milch animals Only 50 % of households in the project and control area possess at-least one animal as their livestock assets. The data reveals that hybrid livestock is more than the country livestock. In sample villages of Vizag has 100 percent hybrid livestock. The district wise details are given in Annexure 2.7

CATTLEOWNERSHIP - PERCENTAGE 60

50 50 52 40 38 30 34 20

10 8 3 6 4 1 8 0 owners hibrid local hybrid local owners hibrid local hybrid local Total Cows buffelow Total Cows buffelow Project Control

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2.9Household income Having analysed per household income in the surveyed areas, it is worthwhile to assess the per capita income. The main source of income is agriculture and the dairy contribution is greater in control tanks than project. The farmers are widely depending on earnings from wages as one of the main one of the major sources of income. In other sources, petty business, private and govt jobs are included. The details are given in Annexure 2.7

152 160 144 Average income from various source. Rs 000 140 120 100 72 80 52 60 36 35 30 40 19 26 22 20 0 Average Agri wages dairy other Average Agri wages dairy other CONTROL PROJECT Various Source of income

2.10Consumption pattern (Expenditure) The data on annual per household expenditure presented in the following table, in project and control major expenditure is on education. It is revealing that major population is between 10-30 years. Obviously, families are incurring expenditure on education. Whereas the expenditure on rental is quite less and nominal. The data indicating that major chunk of the farmers is in debt trap therefore, they are forgoing amount on interest, it is between Rs25K to 36K.The trend on consumption patten given in table No 2.9. The district wise details are given in annexure-2.7 Table No. 2.8: Expenditure status Rs.

2.11 Borrowings The data on source-wise borrowings by households presented in Table 2.10 shows that percentage of borrowings from the bank was ranged from 47 per cent to 77per cent across all the categories of the 12 | P a g e

farmers. It was observed that 98 percent households have bank accounts with the influence of Jandhan Yojana. The next major source is SHGs finance, in this category all category farmers are depending on this source. Whereas cooperative societies are being accessible for the large and medium farmers. Another major source is borrowing from friends. The details given in the table in 2.9: The district wise details are given in Annexure 2.10 Table 2.9: Percentage- Source of barrowings

Control/ Project Catego Co-op Money Micro ry Total Banks societies SHGs Friends lenders Traders fin Others Marginl 108 77 12 55 15 5 1 2 4 Small 36 83 14 33 17 0 3 3 0 Medim 17 88 12 41 18 18 0 0 6 CONTROL Large 4 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 Total 165 79 13 48 15 5 1 2 3 Marginl 426 65 12 49 17 5 1 0 4 Small 183 77 12 50 14 6 0 1 4 Medim 75 72 13 47 24 3 1 0 3 PROJECT Large 11 73 9 27 18 9 0 0 0 Total 695 69 12 49 17 5 1 0 4 Grand Tot 860 71 12 49 17 5 1 1 3 # horizontal total will not tally as it is multiple responses.

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Chapter -3 Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of WUAs

As per the Andhra Pradesh Farmers Management of Irrigation Systems Act, there shall be a Water Users Association for every water user’s area, delineated on a hydraulic basis and in case of minor irrigation system, the entire command area may, as far as possible form a single water user’s area. The goal of strengthening of WUAs is to ensure efficient and effective management of water resources and addressing climate variability impacts on agriculture and allied sectors by water conservation and its judicious allocation, along with promoting climate resilient technologies and practices. This can be fulfilled only when the WUAs take over the primary responsibilities such as Tank system improvement and its management, implementation of sectoral activities with community participation. Guiding Principles of Institutional Strengthening: The project has clearly written guiding principles that every member of WUA has to work towards them. These are the project beliefs and values which guide the WUA for high performance decision making. The following are the guiding principles set by the project: Water User Association (WUA) shall mobilize its members to participate in the implementation of all project activities such as tank system development, joint azmoish for water tax finalization and collection, auditing of WUA books, corpus mobilization and finally assuming responsibility for O&M of tanks. Supported by a para worker and facilitated by the Support Organization, WUA will motivate all tank system stakeholders to take advantage of all sectoral activities, such as, efficient water use, including crop-water budgeting, water sharing, climate resilient Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries, and Agri-business.1 As part of an institutional strengthening process, so as to assume the responsibility of tank system development and its management by WUAs, systematic enhancement of WUA capacities is crucial. To increase the capacities of WUAs for effective governance and functioning, there are several key instruments designed such as at least one monthly meeting of the WUA managing committee where the members discuss the activities that are happening around tank including project measures like climate resilient crop planning, water budgeting, water management etc., The General body meeting once in six months where review of plans, approval of plans, water governance/ management related issues are discussed. Besides these, participation in Cascade Development Plans (CDP), working with fisheries/ farmers’ cooperatives and encouraging women’s participation in the project activities are other instrumental elements towards strengthening WUAs.

1 Source: APIIATP Project Implementation Plan – Guiding Principles of Institutional Strengthening 14 | P a g e

3.1WUA strengthening and Formation of New WUAs/ Re-delineation of existing WUAs: Total Tanks and WUAs: By the end of the reporting period (June end 2019), across 12 districts, there are 651 tanks approved under 3 TACs (TAC1, TAC2, TAC3). While 322 are Independent tanks, there are 329 tanks under the cascade system; almost equal % of tank under Independent and cascade tank systems. All the independent tanks have more than 100 acres ayacut. About 47% of the tanks under cascade system (155 tanks) have below 100 acres ayacut and the rest 53% of the tanks have above 100 acres ayacut (174 tanks2).

Out of 322 Independent tanks, 298 tanks have WUAs and of these, 278 tanks have Managing Committees (MC) and the rest 20 WUAs doesn’t have MCs. The major reasons for absence of MCs is the local political environment. Though the members are identified the MC is not constituted because there was no consensus on who would be the President and Vice President. This situation still exists in Kurnool, Prakasam, West Godavari and Vizianagaram Districts. Out of 173 Cascade tanks, with greater or equal to 100 acres ayacut, 147 tanks have WUAs and of these 124 tanks/ WUAs have Managing Committees (MC). The reasons for absence of MC in cascade WUAs are as same as with the committees where Independent Tanks. The Sub committees are yet to be constituted across the project areas. Support Organisation (SO) and Para worker systems were introduced in project to strengthen the WUA system. The SOs were in place from April month. The staff of the SO is being introduced to WUA and their Management Committees (MC) by APDs during the first quarter since their inception. Para workers were identified for the tanks which are in TAC 1 and TAC2 on priority basis during this reporting period. The SOs and Para workers are in a kind of induction process. The DPUs and SO teams are confident that the WUAs will be strengthened once their teams (SOs and Para workers) are trained and assumed their responsibilities. Formation of New WUAs & Re-delineation of WUAs: From the data presented above, it is visible that there is a need for the formation of new WUAs. In cascade system, the tanks that are below 100 ac ayacut are not part of any WUA system. Formation of new WUAs wherever qualifies, and bringing in tanks with below 100 ac ayacut into WUA system would be easier for managing the project and the project interventions would be effective. The District teams (APDs) know the information about the requirement of Re-Delineation of WUAs/ formation of new WUAs and are ready to be part of the exercises. APDs said that the process has to be driven by Government personnel. Further, they also said that before the process begins, it may also

2In Krishna District, there are only 10 tanks with greater or equal to 100 ac ayacut in TAC 1, TAC2, TAC3 together, as per Gazette. But, as per DPR 11 tanks are being considered now in APIIATP. Similarly, In Kadapa District, Peddullapally Tank in B.KodurMandalayacut is shown as 16 acres which has actually more than 100 acres ayacut. 15 | P a g e

require a training of APDs, SO teams and Para workers on Re-delineation of WUAs/ formation of new WUAs. 3.2 Institutional Aspects in tanks with below 100 acres ayacut area: Out of 651 approved tanks, there is no single Independent tank with less than 100 ac ayacut. And, there are about 156 tanks in cascades with less than 100 ac ayacut. The district wise number of such tanks are given in the below table. In absence of WUA for the tanks greater than 100 ac ayacut there is an arrangement made by DPUs to work with the ayacut farmers. As per this arrangement the DPU and SO teams work with key farmers from ayacut, key persons from village and village sarpanch to take the project interventions to ayacut farmers; these are not fixed members. These members are consulted to take any project related decisions in a meeting arranged in the village.

Table 3.1: District wise tanks with less than 100 ac ayacut District No of tanks with District No of tanks with below 100 ac ayacut below 100 ac ayacut Anantapur 13 Nellore 0 Chittoor 17 Prakasam 15 East Godavari 4 Srikakulam 34 Kadapa 5 Vizianagaram 31 Krishna 4 Vishakhapatnam 14 Kurnool 10 West Godavari 9

For effective implementation of the project and to involve communities in the project it was suggested by state to form cascade committees/ re-delineation of WUAs wherever necessary. It was reported that it was not initiated, as there was no clarity on how to proceed. The district teams are expecting guidelines on this. Further, the district teams are also expecting a training on formation of the cascade committee to move forward with clarity. If any intervention has to be initiated in such tanks, the APDs expressed that in absence of cascade committee or any formal committee from a project point of view, they would consider SHG or any other local community-based organisation which can take up the activity.

3.3 Capacity Building of WUAs: As the institution, WUA and their Managing and sub-committees are inclusive and are key in project implementation. The capacity building of these stakeholders besides others is crucial. Training these stakeholders increases the capacity to perform their roles to achieve the project objectives and goals. To achieve this, capacity building plan for all kinds of stakeholders involved in the project is necessary.

The PMU has suggested certain training, themes to DPUs to be delivered at respective Districts. Based on the number of project tanks and their status (whether WUAs have been constituted, MCs are set up…etc.,) the SO and DPUs planned their CB activities for entire year with Quarterly breakup. These plans were submitted for approval by June ’19. As of now two training programmes have been conducted at state level.

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3.4 WUA Office Infrastructure: To perform the WUA responsibilities effectively and to give them institutional identity, the project has proposed to support WUAs for construction of office buildings in the project villages. As per the guidelines for construction of office building and its design communicated to DPUs, the progress of creating Office Infrastructure is as follows in different districts as on June ’19.

Table 3.2. Status of Office Building infrastructure S. District Number of Number of Estimations Number of No Locations Identified Submitted Estimations Approved 1 Anantapur 3 0 0 2 Chittoor 11 1 0 3 East Godavari 3 0 0 4 Kadapa 2 2 0 5 Krishna 4 0 0 6 Kurnool 0 0 0 7 Nellore 1 0 0 8 Prakasam 1 0 0 9 Srikakulam 2 1 0 10 Vishakhapatnam 3 1 0 11 Vizianagaram 2 0 0 12 West Godavari 2 0 0

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The major issues observed in the process of creating WUA office infrastructure are: • No unanimity among MC members on location • No Clearances from Revenue Department/ Conversion • Conflict with other infrastructure proposed in the same tank village

There are no exclusive offices noticed either in rented or in own buildings to perform the WUA activities and to deliver the functions. Whenever there is a need for space for WUA related meeting/ gathering, the members prefer either at the panchayat buildings or the president’s house. 3.5 WUA Records and Maintenance: Book maintenance is a crucial and important activity of WUAs. Book keeping is a systematic recording of transactions, events, decisions etc., which ensures transparency and provides answers to many questions at any stage of the project.

Set of Books recommended at WUA level

1. Minutes Book 2. Ayacut members (WUA) 3. Cash Book 4. Crop Extent & Water Tax Register 5. Works Sanctioned Register 6. Stock Register 7. Visitor Book 8. Special Fees Collection 9. Water flow & Canal Gauge Register

There are 9 different books recommended by project, printed centrally and sent to DPUs at District level. The books were distributed during April and May months by Support Organisations (SO) to WUAs in the districts. While on 3 books (Minutes book, Ayacut members book and Visitors book) doesn’t require special training the other books prescribed require training for both SO team and para workers. These may be organised as and when the need arises (for example, water flow and canal gauge recording may not require at the time of cash book training). In East Godavari DPU developed useful formats for various resolutions at WUA level and about APFMIS Act, the material has been appended in Annexure 3.0. These training programmes ensure systematic and quality book keeping.

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The training programmes could be conducted on priority books, initially. The Minutes book writing is initiated in the projects where the para worker agreements are made. 3.6 Para workers: To support the WUAs in their functions, a ‘para-worker’ support system is provided. Clear guidelines for identification of para workers are circulated among DPUs. The para worker identification was carried out in two phases till reporting period. The status of para worker across districts is as follows.

Number of Para S.No District workers Identified 1 Anantapur 24 2 Chittoor 13 3 East Godavari 14 4 Kadapa 11

5 Krishna 21 6 Kurnool 20 7 Nellore 51 8 Prakasam 23 9 Srikakulam 7 10 Vishakhapatnam 24 11 Vizianagaram 8 12 West Godavari 17

TOTAL 233

Observations on para workers The identified para-workers felt that the remuneration is too low. The identified para workers are not allowed for taking responsibility, as selection was done during the previous Govt. For this the DPUs should take stand to rope in the para workers in the task. A training for para workers on project objectives and their responsibilities is very much required as the agreements are concluded and payments will be made from the date of agreements.

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3.7 Social Audit and Public Disclosure: Setting up/ Displaying Social Audit Boards (SAB) is one of the important aspects of transparency measures under the project. Beside transparency, the social audit boards help in bringing awareness among community which may in turn lead to effectiveness of the project.

There are DPRs prepared for civil works in project villages and works are in progress, but the social audit boards are yet to set up across the project villages. The district teams seeing the clarity on specifications and guidelines along with cost norms for social audit board. 3.8 Water Tax & Corpus Collection: The project envisages that the WUA has to conduct joint azmoish along with agriculture, water resources and revenue department to assess the cropping area under the tank. Accordingly, tax will be levied and collected from individual farmers. The responsibility of tax collection is with Revenue department. There is no event of joint azmoish is observed or reported in the field during the reporting period or agriculture season prior to the visit. The involvement of WUA in tax collection is also not reported in any of the project villages. In all the districts (except in East Godavari District), the staff felt that collection of water tax details from the revenue department is a tiresome job. There were several requests (formal in few cases) and visits to revenue department that were turned out as failures. Besides information gathering, getting WUAs’ share of water tax/ plough back is also not happening/ not observed in any district during the year. The staff also expressed that the process of getting WUAs’ share is also complicated and needs to be simplified. 3.9 Support Organizations:

The NGOs who have relevant experience, local presence and who have proven qualities are required in Community Mobilization, Agriculture Development and Trainings etc., were identified and selected as Support Organizations to facilitate the implementation of the project interventions through Water User Associations (WUA). The key roles of SOs are to facilitate project implementation process, coordination with line departments who are part of project implementation, community mobilization and creating awareness at community

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level, support in building capacities of communities, WUAs, preparing project completion report and submission. There are 17 number of SOs identified for 12 districts for supporting 1000 projects. The SO teams were oriented on APIIATP objectives, strategies, activities etc., The SO teams were introduced to project villages and WUAs by DPU team. The system of rating of SOs is adopted to assess the performance of SOs which in turn will increase the effectiveness of the project implementation. There are several indicators based on the functions/ role of SOs for rating. These indicators are divided into 5 categories, namely Institutional Sustainability, Technical Sustainability, Climate Smart Agriculture, Financial Sustainability, NGO Administration and Monitoring & Evaluation. The rating frequency is Quarterly. As the project implementation is in its initial phase, certain parameters are excluded from rating chart as these are not relevant at this point of

time. Thus the rating for this quarter is reduced to eligible parameters only. During reporting period, the M&E team hasn’t come across SO rating exercises. However, the following is the summary of SO rating for their first Quarter (April’19 to June’19) submitted to PMU by respective districts. As of now, the first quarter of SO rating reveals that 2 SOs each in A and B grade the rest 11 SOs are in C grade. The figures from the table disclose the need of capacity building of SO staff and continuous follow-up of SOs on their action plans and timely release of budgets to SOs. So far, no SO has received payment for their administration. Table 3.3 Summary of SO rating S.No SO District Grade 1 BREDS Srikakulam A 2 YCB Srikakulam A 3 JCRDS Anantapur C 4 PRERANA Nellore C 5 ASYARD Nellore C 6 EFFORD Prakasam C 7 SARDS Prakasam C

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S.No SO District Grade 8 SYA Kurnool C 9 SERVICE West Godavari C 10 Ramky Foundation Krishna C 11 RIPE Chittoor C 12 SVDS Visakhapatnam C 13 VGSSP Visakhapatnam C 14 IRPWA Vizianagaram B 15 RHGBMSS Vizianagaram B

3.10 WUA Self-Rating

The project envisages that there are about 15 types of key activities to be monitored by WUA on their own. The key elements of self-monitoring include: • Participation and Dialogue, • Performance, • Self-management and • Innovation & Technology Adoption. This event has to be exercised on quarterly basis. The M&E team during the visits in the reporting period hasn’t come across WUA rating exercises anywhere. This exercise has to be facilitated by para worker and SO team members. To facilitate the exercise at WUA level, the facilitators have to be trained initially on self-rating process and tools. The training of Para workers and SO team on ‘facilitating WUA self-rating’ could be one of the priority items.

3.11 Cascade Development Plans & Tank Development Plans: Cascade Development plan is one of the important activities of the project implementation. This is also one of the means of strengthening WUAs where the members of it participate to restore the traditional irrigation tanks which are connected.

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The Cascade Development Plans (CDP) are just initiated in the project. As part of CDP, PSU has planned to organised training of DPU team, SOs and WUA members on Tank Development Planning (TDP) process. There were 4 training programmes planned to organise one each in each region/ cluster. Two training programmes, one for Krishna, East Godavari and West Godavari partners and the another one for Kadapa, Kurnool, Ananthapur district partners were organised as planned. Participatory methodologies, Participatory methods for collecting information, delineation of tank command area are key content of the training. The DPUs of these 6 districts along with SO teams and Managing Committees have planned to initiate field work for TDP & CDP in the month of June 2019.

Trainings are planned in other regions/ 6districts in the month of May but could not organise as planned as pre and post-election situations existed in the project villages were not supporting.

3.12 Analysis of WUA Data There were 55 Tanks surveyed during the reporting period. Of these 55 tanks 47 are Project tanks and the rest 8 are non-project (control) tanks. Out of 55 tanks 46 tanks have WUAs and the rest 9 tanks doesn’t have WUAs (non-WUA tanks). 3.12.1 Ayacutdars: At every WUA level, as part of book keeping a WUA has to maintain a set of books. Ayacut members register is one of the prescribed registers which gives authentic information about ayacutdars and the extent. As per the information available for 38 projects (source: CADA website & DPU), there are about 75% of ayacutdars are male and the rest 25% are female ayacutdars. As there is no data available for control tanks, could not compare project and control tanks. Also, as the data is not available for tenant farmers, could not arrive at what is the composition of male and tenant farmers in the project areas as well as in control areas.

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Ayacutdars in Project Tanks

80% 75%

70%

60%

50%

40% % of farmersof % 30% 25%

20%

10%

0% Male Ayacutdars (Onwers) Female Ayacutdars (Owners)

The details of ayacutdars are given in Annexure -3.1

3.12.2 Tank Uses and Users: The tank used for irrigation and groundwater recharge purposes and the tanks are also being used for other purposes such as Drinking water, Cattle Grazing, Domestic purpose etc., of the 55 tanks visited, the majority of the tanks are being used for Cattle Grazing (36%) followed by Fisheries (30%). The dependency on the tanks by villagers is a bit different from percent of tank uses; about 74% of the population/ households depend on tanks for cattle grazing followed by fisheries/ fishermen. The graph describes the tank uses and tank users. The details are given in Annexure – 3.2 While comparing Control and Project tanks, the cattle grazing appears to be popular use. This is followed by Fishery, washer men and drinking water (by Grama Panchayat). While percentage of use is much difference for Drinking water use in both the control and project tanks the percent of users is more in Control tanks. In both the tanks, the brick making is one of the activities near tank bed. While the domestic use is appeared in control tanks, it is not seen in project tanks. The diversity of uses and percentage of uses & users can be seen in the graph.

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3.12.3 Presence of Lascar and Neeruganti: The Neeruganti and Lascar system is observed in some of the tanks visited. The district wise details are given in annexure 3.3 The WUAs reported that in about 71% of the cases the Lascars were appointed by I&CAD, followed by Revenue Department (21%) and the rest (7%) by WUAs. Regarding payments to Neeruganti, 80% of the WUAs responded that farmers are paying Neerugantis while the rest 20% is paid by Government which is observed in Anantapur District. In 75% cases the mode of payment is kind, in 19% cases cash and rest 6% cases in the form of both cash & kind. It was observed that the Neerugantis are being advised by both WUAs, farmers and department staff. In 40% cases the WUA is advising Neerugnati, in about 33% cases the ayacut farmers are advising and in rest of the cases farmers and department staff are advising Neerugantis.

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Laskar and Neeruganti status in project and control tanks

Comparison of Laskar – Project V/s control Comparison of neeruganti – Project V/s control

The presence of lascars has been observed in 28% of Project tanks which is 9% in control tanks. The Neerugantisystem is in 18% and 30% of tanks in Control and Project tanks respectively. While coming to payment system to Neeruganti, it was observed that 100% payment is made by farmers in case of Control Tanks while it is 79% and 21% by farmers and Government respectively in the case of project tanks. The details are given in annexure 3.4. 3.12.4 Irrigation to Tail End Farmers:

Whenever water is available sufficiently for the season, in about 48% of tanks the tail end farmers are receiving irrigation where as 47% of the tanks are not receiving. And, rest 5% are also not receiving irrigation as the sluices are closed permanently. This situation is because the water channels are either silted up or disappeared.

While in 49% of tail enders in project tanks are getting water, it is 45% in control tanks. The district wise details are given in annexure 3.5 26 | P a g e

3.12.5 Drought & Shortfall years: About 79% of the tanks suffered drought and shortfall in the last five years. About 43% of tanks suffered 2 shortfalls in last five years followed by 5 shortfalls & no short falls (21%) and 4 shortfalls (12%) in last five years. The graph explains the drought scenario.

It was observed that majority of the project tanks (43%) had 2 shortfalls in the last 5 years. It was noticed that about 9% and 23% of tanks in Control and Project areas respectively did not suffer any shortfalls. Details in annexure 3.6.

3.12.6 Assessment and Allocation of Water: It was reported that in about 43% of cases there is informal understanding among farmers with allocation to head reach farmers only. While in about 36% of cases there is no assessment and allocation made in about 7% cases this situation has not arisen as the sluices closed permanently. In 2% of tanks it was reported that the WUA has formal understanding and record.

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When compared to Control and Project Tanks, it was observed that ‘No assessment of water allocation’ is more in control tanks; when it is 34% in Project tanks, it is 45% in Control Tanks. It noticed that informal understanding among head reach farmers is more in project tanks (47%) compared to control tanks (27%).

3.12.7 Crop planning before season: It was reported that, in about 50% of cases there is no crop planning made for any agriculture seasons (both the control and project tanks). However, it was reported that in about 29% cases an informal understanding on ID and wet crops is there. Further, in about 19% of cases, there is an informal understanding on only wet crops.

When Control and Project Tanks are compared, no crop planning is observed in 53% of project tanks while it is 36% in control tanks. Informal understanding on both ID and wet crops is observed more in control tanks (36%) compared to project tanks (28%). The details are given in Annexure 3.8 3.12.8 Water schedule and release: In both the control and project tanks, there are 53% of tanks where no scheduled plan for water release is followed. There are 40% of tanks and informal schedule among farmers is being followed. This doesn’t applicable for 7% of tanks where the sluices are closed permanently. When Control and Project Tanks are compared, ‘No planning for water scheduling and Release’ is observed more in Project Tanks which 55% of total Project tanks; the same situation is 45% in Control Tanks. The informal scheduling among the farmers is observed in both the control and project tanks which are 45% and 38% respectively. There are ‘Sluices Closed Permanently’ in both the situations where the ‘Water Scheduling and Release’ is not applicable. The details are given in annexure 3.9

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3.12.9Mode of water distribution: It was reported that in about 40% of tanks the water distribution is continuous without rotation followed by continuous with rotation (33%). Regulated water supply (daytime) with rotation and without rotation is reported as 19% and 2% respectively. And, rest of the tanks have no sluices (sluices closed permanently). When control and project tanks are compared, it is observed that while ‘Continuous with rotation’ is more popular (55%) in control tanks ‘Continuous without rotation’ is more popular (40%) in project locations. While Continuous with rotation is second most popular (28%) mode of water distribution in Project Tanks continuous without rotation is the second most popular choice (36%) in Control Tanks. Regulated supply of water with rotation and without rotation is observed in Project Tanks which are not observed in Control Tanks. The details are given in annexure 3.10. 3.13 Others: 3.13.1 Disputes with regard to Water Distribution: Nowhere the disputes related to water distribution are reported except in one case in Krishna District which was resolved by WUA. 3.13.2 Adoption of Water saving technologies: It was observed that the water saving technologies are adopted in project villages in non-command area/ rain fed areas. Except in one tank in Krishna District the adoption of water saving technologies is not reported anywhere in the projects visited.

3.13. 3 Book Keeping: • It was reported that in about 11 projects (19% of the projects), the Minutes book is being maintained and updated. • In 9 projects (16% of the projects), the Cash books are being maintained • WUA members register is being maintained in 7 projects (12% of the projects) • Water flow and Canal gauge register is being maintained in 8 projects (14% of the projects) • Sanctions register is being maintained in 9 projects (16% of the projects) • Special fee collection register is being maintained in 8 projects (14% of the projects) • Crop Extension register is being maintained in 8 projects (14% of the projects) • Asset register is being maintained in 8 projects (14% of the projects) • Sign boards and Rubber stamps are available with 7 projects (12% of the projects) • Jurisdiction map showing the boundaries of operation is available with 3 projects (1 in Krishna & 2 in Anantapur District) (5% of the projects) 3.14 Key observation & Suggestions • For identity and to function effectively every WUA needs space for office operations. So far, none of the WUAs visited have an office or any infrastructure. To create office infrastructure to WUAs, lands are being identified for construction of exclusive office for WUAs. So far, locations were identified for 34 WUAs; this kind of infrastructure is required for every WUA/ tank. • To assist WUAs, 233 para workers are being identified. To utilize the services of para workers effectively, initially on priority basis they must be oriented on project and their responsibilities. • Book keeping is an important activity to record discussions, decisions, transactions etc., to maintain transparency. A set of books are centrally printed and being distributed to Project villages. The project staff and para workers have to be trained on book keeping to initiate and update books regularly. Training should be imparted on book keeping on a priority basis. • There are only 4 WUAs MC meetings are reported during the reporting period, though not in required number of meetings. The supporting organizations are to be given responsibility of building capacities of WUAs to conduct meetings regularly.

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• There are mixed responses on conducting General body meetings. These meetings are conducted in 29% of the tanks and not conducted in 65% of tanks and the rest reported that they don’t know about the mandate of conducting General Body meetings. of the places. • To empower WUAs and to deliver their functions effectively, the Sub Committees must be formed. • Trainings for project stakeholders such as Supporting organisations, MC members, Sub committees, para workers should be considered on priority basis. The training themes could as per their roles and responsibilities defined in their job chart. • In 49% of the project tanks, the tail end farmers are getting water. The situation is because of lack of maintenance of field channels for year. Operation and maintenance plans have to be put in place to improve the situation. • Social audit boards have to be set up on priority basis in all the project villages where the plans for carrying out physical works are approved/ sanctioned.

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Chapter -4 Rehabilitation and Modernization of SSCBI Systems

4.1 Introduction Tanks are the rain water storage structures providing surface irrigation, recharging groundwater and serving the water needs of rural households and livestock. Minor irrigation tanks are structures created over the last few centuries. These structures are not only used for irrigation but also form the lifeline in many areas where multiple tank-based livelihoods are practiced. This component aims to improve irrigation water delivery and enhance the efficiency of irrigation water use in 90,000 ha of farmland. Organized in three phases, the first phase covers the rehabilitation and modernization of 300 tanks. However, in the APIIATP, the state has initiated action to cover 441 works and they are at various stages. For these 441 works, administrative sanctions were accorded. Ongoing works are 179 that cover 296 tanks. In other tanks out of 652 tanks actions are being taken by the District Project Units. Reconstruction of damaged sluices, surplus weir, strengthening of tank bunds, construction of cut-throat flumes are main activities under rehabilitation and modernization. 4.2 Status of TDPs/ CDPs Objective of CDP/TDP is to develop a perspective plan around a micro-hydrological unit for conservation and efficient management of water resources while promoting climate resilient agricultural practices and improving livelihood security through value chain promotion and management in cascade/tank villages. As per the Project Implementation Plan (PIP), it is mandatory to prepare Cascade/Tank wise action plan for the project period for all the Project Components in the preparatory phase of the project. Cascade comprises of more than one tank and independent tank is a tank with above 100 acres of ayacut. Action plan document of Cascade/Independent tank is being called as Cascade Development Plan (CDP) /Tank Development Plan (TDP). There are 118 (329 tanks) Cascades and 322 Independent tanks out of 651 having administrative approval for which such plans are to be developed in APIIATP. One model draft TDP has been prepared for Tirumalapalem tank in Village Dwaraka of IrumalaMandal in West Godavari District. This draft TDP has come up nicely and can be referred by other districts to formulate TDP for tanks in their respective districts. The compilation of CDP/TDP in all the Cascades and Independent tanks in the project is the primary responsibility of the DPU with the mobilization support of the Support Organisations. At the secondary level, PMU shall support the DPU in the process of preparation of CDP/TDP. Activities, primary and secondary Responsibility, expected out comes are mentioned in the table below:

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Table No 4.1 :CDP/TDP - Activities, primary and secondary Responsibility

Sl. Responsibility Expected Activity Indicator No Primary Secondary Outputs 1. Conducting PRA, Partner SO/DPM Sector specific No. of Involving agencies (Line U plans were tanks/Cascades community/Communi Departments) prepared for where PRA ty project conducted with the Organisations/WUA tanks/cascades active involvement covering of WUA and other project community groups. intervention 2. Assessment of sector Partner SO/DPM areas, i.e, No. of specific intervention agencies (Line U Agriculture, tanks/cascades requirement at Departments) horticulture, covered under SSP cascade/tank level. fisheries, interventions Agribusiness, requirement Ground water, assessment/project Institutional supported aspects. strengthening & Capacity Building. 3. Preparation of sector Partner SO/DPM WUAs No. of specific plans agencies (Line U participated tanks/cascades covering agriculture, Departments) actively in the having sector horticulture, fishery, assessment and specific plans. agribusiness, ground planning water, Institutional process. strengthening&Capac ity building etc. 4. Compilation of CSIP DPU PMU The No. of and SSP and tank/cascade tanks/cascades preparation of development having TDP/CDP CDP/TDP. plan prepared for project tanks/cascades combining Cascade System Improvement Plan and Sector Plan Status: During this half yearly period (Jan-June 2109), to be specific on 14th June instructions and guidelines were issued from State Project Director to all DPMUs.

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4.2.1 Capacity building for Preparation of CDP/TDP During this monitoring period, capacity building activities were taken up as mentioned below: Table 4.2 : Trainings on TDP and CDP Date Name of Capacity building activity Place Level of Participants 16.5.19 to Training Programme on preparation Vijayawada Project Staff (52 no.) 17.5.19 of TDP/CDP 18.6.19to Training Programme on preparation Kurnool Project Staff (44 no.) of TDP/CDP 19.6.19

4.3 Observations • CDP/TDP are not finalised for any cascade or tank. However, PRA, consultation and some mobilisation works have been taken up in all project districts. • SOs and Line departments should collect all possible data. DPD may call monthly meetings for reviewing the progress of CDP/TDP

4.4 Work wise status of on-going tank rehabilitation (civil) works 4.4.1 State summary Monitoring of progress of civil works was conducted. The DPRs on sample basis were studied. Drawings were checked. Cost estimates were also examined. During the period January to June 2019, 179 works were taken up covering 296 tanks. These works cover all project districts of APIIATP. Total cost of these 179 works 347.62 lakhs. Table 4.3 :APIIATP- No. of Works in Project Districts Sl. No District No. of Works 1 Ananthpur 12 2 Chittoor 14 3 East Godavari 12 4 Kadapa 3 5 Krishna 17 6 Kurnool 19 7 Nellore 28 8 Prakasam 22 9 Srikakulum 5 10 Visakhapatnampatanam 20 11 Viziyanagaram 17 12 West Godavari 10 Total of all districts 179

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4.4.2 District wise analysis of works District wise names of work through which tank rehabilitation is carried out is given in Annexures 4.2 to 4.13 By visiting tank sites under construction and by obtaining secondary information from the office of the executive engineers of concerned irrigation divisions, observations of external monitoring agency are formulated and given below: Observations: • The tendering authority at district level should critically check the estimates and drawings before tendering. If concerned authority consider it as absolutely necessary, then modifications by flowing prescribed departmental procedures can be made. • The contract signing authority may sign on the drawings before handing over to contractors to make them authenticated. • While examining the actual site requirements and the items and quantity provided in the DPR, It was felt that there is a need of deviations. Such deviations required should be worked out and the Executive Engineer and superintending Engineers should approve if it is under their power as delegated by Government of Andhra Pradesh. For all other cases of deviation where the total amount is not within their power, it should be submitted to SPD with proper justifications. • It is learnt that ESMF was not ready when the DPRS were prepared. Probably the agencies who prepared DPRs have not included activities on environmental management and included in the cost. The responses from the DPUs and work executing authorities are generic. It would be better if each tank activities consists environmental compliance and its cost is worked out and executed before the completion of civil works.

4.5 Compliance of Dam Safety panel suggestions/findings for Dam Safety tanks In the APIIATP, 5 tanks as mentioned below are included for taking up dam safety activities. These five dams are located in three districts only. Name of tanks and districts in which they are located is given in table below along with relevant details. Table 4.4: Names of Tanks &Hight of Bund

Height of Cascade / Bund(lowest S.No District Mandal Village Tank Name Independent sill level) in mtr 1 Anantapur Guntakal Y T Cheruvu Y T Cheruvu Independent 11.13 2 Anantapur Singanamala Singanamala Singanamala Tank Independent 11.6 3 Kadapa Badvel Badvel Badvel Big Tank Cascade 13.7 AnanthaSagara 4 Nellore AnanthaSagaram AnanthaSagaram Tank Independent 14.21 m ThimmareddyPall Nakkalagandi 5 Nellore Varikuntapadu Independent 7.77 i Reservior

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Compliance to Suggestions of Dam Safety Panel During external monitoring, the observations/suggestions of the panel and compliance made till 2019 were monitored. Compliance to Dam safety panel’s suggestions is being carried out by the concerned irrigation divisions. Some cases of dam safety panel’s compliance with tank names are given below.

Tank name: Singanamala Suggestions of Dam safety Panel • Gravel cover over the bund • Construction of foot bridge at sluices for operation of plug & plug rod Rock toe & toe drains are necessary • Turfing is proposed with seeds on D/S Slope • Guide walls are proposed at D/S side of the weir

Status of dam safety related works carried out till 30thJune Gravel cover over the bund is completed. Remaining works like Construction of foot bridges Guide walls at the D/S of weir are to be constructed. In place of toe drains and rock toe, toe wall is constructed along the bund.

Tank Name: Y T Cheruvu Suggestions of Dam safety Panel • L/S Weir to be extended from 46mts to 127.68 mts to accommodate the discharge of 400.91 cumecs

4.6 Environmental Management Compliance In the DPR as well as contracts signed between Executive Engineer and contractors, there is no provision for any activity related to Environment Management. However, the executing agency is not causing any adverse impact on environment because of construction activities. 4.7 Quality control and quality ensuring measures For each district, there is independent quality control, organization existing mainly Quality control divisions and circles. The staff of quality control makes visits to the tank sites and ensuring proper quality of civil works

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4.8 Season wise report on water use efficiency For computation of water use efficiency, there is a need to measure release to the identified ayacut from the irrigation system. Keeping this in mind provision for construction of cut throat flumes are to be made for all the project tanks being taken up for CBSI. Observation • Till 30th June, cut-throat flume completion and measurement of irrigation discharge was not initiated in most of the tanks. Not only cut-throat flume but the construction of all other works was rather slow.

4.9 Improving Water Productivity and Efficiency This is an important activity. Water productivity is one of the key project indicators. Actions are required by the DPU in this direction. Release of water from sluice could be measured at the Cut-throat flume point. The ayacut are below CTF should be determined. Crop productivity is to be assessed by conducting crop-cutting Experiments. A guideline is prepared and this should be followed approval of PMU. 4.10. Crop Water Budgeting. Status: Crop water budgets are not prepared. Few training programmes were organised by the agriculture department from the funds made available to agriculture department before march 2019. Observations: • Farmers with whom interactions were made unaware of crop water budgeting. SOs should take action and invite concerned officials wherever required and prepare the crop water budget.

4.11 Initiative on Crop Planning and adopting Status: WUAs have not started crop planning even in the tanks where construction works are grounded. Observation: • Agriculture department may be directed to prepare crop plans for kharif and rabi in consultation with all farmers of the ayacut including gap ayacut.

4.12 Training of WUA / Farmers on water productivity and efficiency Status: According the information received, training on water productivity and efficiency has not been conducted during this half yearly monitoring period. The discharge in irrigation canals will be measured and recorded by concerned AEE of Project tanks.

Observations:

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a. Concerned person responsible in SOs may be directed to prepare training calendar and offer training to farmers/WUAs. During training, names of 2-3 persons may also be identified who will be associated in the exercise of collecting data for computation of water productivity and efficiency. Tank rehabilitation related civil works consist of construction of sluices, surplus weirs which are concrete structures. Sluices are provided with MS steel gates for regulating release of water from tanks. On examination of DPR and consultation with Deputy Executive Engineers and junior engineers, it was found depending on the condition of these structure in pre Project (APIIATP) , DPR agencies have planned, designed for entirely reconstruction of these structures so that these structure can last for another 30 years post project(APIIATP) and serve the intended functions. Primary data were collected from few districts regarding the number of sluices and surplus weirs proposed to be constructed for the tanks where construction works were initiated during the monitoring period i.e. January 2019 to June 2019 and analysed for the purpose of this external monitoring report. The analysed information and observations are presented under two heads viz status and observation for some districts. b.The contractors have not mobilised sufficient number of Masons and labourers to complete all sluices and surplus weirs in tanks where constructions works have been commenced in February/March 2019. Further it was found that there was uncertainty regarding payment to contractors due to general elections in the state. Quality assurance was taken care by testing of concrete blocks and verification by engineers of quality control divisions which are independent, executing the work. Suggestions Contractors should be released money against the works done by them and they should be pressed to engage more manpower to complete the works expeditiously. Table 4.5: Increase in outcome indicator Name of Findings Base Status as on 30th outcome line/target June 2019 indicator • Reduction in • At end of June, reduction of gap Target up to Will be assessed Gap ayacut ayacut cannot be assessed as the June 2019 is nil after irrigation irrigation from the tanks has not season commenced. • Increase of • By June the increase is not Paddy No change Water assessable. It should be done at the surface water productivity. end of kharif season where tank 0.33 kg/cum rehabilitation is completed at least Surface + partly and water supply from tank is ground water- increased. 0.40 • Indicators will be measured and Maize computed by M&E agency only. All Surface + required data will be furnished by ground water- DPU. 0.55 Red gram Surface + ground water- 0.15

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Suggested action from State Project Unit 1. For expediting construction activities, deviations if any, from the approved estimate required for completing the works should be worked out by the concerned junior engineer under the guidance of the Deputy Executive Engineer. Proposal for approval of deviations should be submitted to Executive Engineer for approval or obtaining approval of competent authority. 2. Cut-throat flumes construction is not taken up in right earnest. It should be given priority as measurement structure for flow measurement is essential to project incremental increase in water productivity from the base line to end project target 3. In case of works where there is saving from other items, the saved amount may be used for lining of irrigation canals after proper design and estimate. 4. Contractors should deploy adequate number of Masons, skilled labours and labours to speed up construction activities in the tanks 5. Payment of amount due to contractors should be judged based on the progress of works be made in a timely manner for uninterrupted progress of works during peak construction season 6. The SPD may direct the DPUs to authenticate all drawings as and the DPR prepared by another agency be considered as indicative report of anticipated works. 7. In all cases where tenders had no response, the causes for which contractors are not submitting bids be critically analysed and the finding may be discussed at appropriate forum at state level. 8. SPD may write to line department head to develop crop plans for each tank for both kharif and rabi seasons which could be used for developing water distribution plans 9. Mechanism for assessment of reduction in gap ayacut for each tank with primary data to be collected to substantiate the arrived figures on gap ayacut area reduced be developed and the same may be issued to DPUs for taking up follow up actions.

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Component A3 Chapter -5 Improving Farm Water Productivity and Efficiency

5.1 Crop Water Budgeting Crop water budgeting exercise is one of the critical aspects of the project and expected to be taken up before the on-set of the agricultural season (Kharif / Rabi). Such budgeting is expected to help farmers to reduce the risks, especially taking up crops as per the water availability, manage their inputs accordingly, reduce losses due to any climatic variability, limit groundwater extraction to safe limit, improve water use efficiency while generating more production. During the period, as the project was at the inception stage with regard to initiation of ground level works, crop water budgeting exercise (with farmers in general along with PGM groups) was not initiated during the period of 2019-20.

5.2 Data Base Centers: In each district, groundwater department staff will be associated with the planning, implementation and monitoring the PGM activities. Similarly, two groundwater department staff have been deputed to the Project Management Unit to coordinate and manage the groundwater related activities at state level. District data centers collect the existing groundwater data and analyze data pre and post monsoon seasons on a regular basis, covering depth of water levels (from piezometers reading), rainfall data and groundwater resource availability, draft and water balance from all districts. It is planned that water availability analysis data will be provided to WUAs as guidance on crop water budgeting for coming Kharif and Rabi seasons

Based on World Bank experts’ team suggestions, Ground Water and Audit Department orders were circulated (Memo No: 2664/APIIATP/2018, dated 28th June 2019) to select piezometer sites in the ayacut of the tank. Suggestions are given;

1. PGM activities shall cover all thousand (1000) tanks under APIIAT Project. 2. As per the new guidelines by groundwater department, Piezometers installation through drilling will be done at the rate of one per each tank instead of more piezometers at limited tanks. This process is in progress in all district levels. 3. To take up groundwater interventions in coordinate with line departments i.e., Agricultural, Horticulture, and Irrigation Department at district level to cover the gap ayacut by proposing new community wells if necessary. 4. As per the result of the pilot project studies, further course of action will be taken. 5. The guidelines for pilot project studies on groundwater activities to prepare tank development plan for APIIAT project implementation in DPMU level are as follows. The following types of tanks may be considered for pilot project studies as per field conditions of the district.

• If a tank has more well density in its ayacut / influence zone, it may be considered. • If a tank has no single well in its ayacut, it may be considered. • If a tank has poor groundwater quality ayacut area, it may be considered • If a tank has water logging conditions / water level 0 to 2 m in its ayacut, it may be considered • If a tank has continuously / often filled with water through feeder channels, it may be considered • If a tank has a specific problem, it may be considered.

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6. Detailed surveys of the tank have to be conducted on the tank particulars, ayacut, gap ayacut, well details, yields, depth ranges, water levels, cropping pattern, resource mapping and problems faced in the tank. 7. Survey has to be conducted on the groundwater feasibility in the ayacut of the tank and give recommendations on feasibility of bore well and dug wells. 8. Study the quality of the groundwater in the tank ayacut area through water sample collection and analysis and give suggestions to the farmers in coordination with agriculture department. 9. Only one piezometer will be drilled in the ayacut area of each tank. 10. Community bore well be recommended in the ayacut of the tank for those who are willing to form group to share water through community bore well to reduce the gap ayacut. 11. Identify the farmers those who are willing to share their bore well excess water to the adjacent farmers for supplying pipes to irrigate gap ayacut of the tank. 12. Creation of awareness on conjunctive use of groundwater critical stage to save the crops and surface water to reduce the gap ayacut wherever necessary and promote crop diversification in rabi crops. 13. Creation of awareness on groundwater use for Rabi crop including by using residual moisture from the kharif season and reducing the water use in kharif paddy. 14. Prepare proper / scientific plans as per field condition demand to reduce gap ayacut. 15. Awareness training programs have to be conducted to all ayacutdars on available water resources, utilization and management to reduce gap ayacut in each tank in the tie up with line departments. 16. Create awareness on water use efficiency technologies like drip irrigation, rain guns, sprinklers etc., to irrigate more area with less water. 17. Estimate total extent of gap ayacut area reduced through all plans in each tank

5.3 Training of WUA / Farmers on Water Productivity and Efficiency The training like participatory hydrological monitoring, estimation of water resources and crop water budgeting for groundwater users and WUA members at the tank level are in progress. So far 316 WUA groups are formed in state level, but these trainings are yet to be started, after the completion of planning process. Now the members to have basic awareness and understanding on the importance of PGM. However, the project has planned to develop their capacity further in terms of water management, crop water budgeting and water sharing. Training modules have been planned for administration to improve the capacity of the group members in the coming days.

5.4 Crop and Technology Adoption Initial orientation / discussions have been conducted with the WUA members and members of the PGM groups to make them understand the importance of ground water regulation and its management. However, it is planned to make it a part of the training program which will be taken up in coming days.

5.5 Water Flow Measurement & Water Productivity Procurement of necessary equipment is in progress by the Groundwater Department for each tank based on allotted budget in the year 2019-20. This equipment are like (1) Water level measurement equipment, (2) Water discharge measurement equipment, (3) Rain gauge installation, stopwatch, calibrated drums and other accessories for bore wells and piezometers sites.

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5.6 Participatory Groundwater Management (PGM) The main aim of this activity is not only improving water efficiency and productivity but also to promote conjunctive use of both surface water and groundwater in the tank command area and its zone of influence. This is an integral part of the overall implementation and different PGM groups have been formed in the project locations or process is initiated to strength the existing ones. As per the information available, the project area is now having 316 PGM groups.

5.7 State Level PGM Activity Progress Update: During 2019-20, it is planned to take up installation of piezometers in selected sites, conducting training for PGM groups on ground water monitoring and establishing pipeline for ground water sharing. These updated activities in each district is presented in below table: Table 5.3 : State Level PGM Activity Progress S No Name of the Reconnory Piezometer GP Surveys No of proposed No of PGM District Survey Site Completed of Piezometer Groups Completed Identified Piezometer Sites Drilling Sites Formation 1 Srikakulam 65 23 23 14 55 2 Vizianagaram 45 21 21 21 25 3 Visakhapatnam 54 25 10 7 17 4 East Godavari 33 33 19 12 10 5 West Godavari 41 41 08 06 10 6 Krishna 42 40 40 40 55 7 Prakasam 25 47 18 18 55 8 SPS Nellore 51 82 82 11 50 9 Chittoor 55 55 55 16 05 10 YSR Kadapa 34 34 34 34 21 11 Karnool 46 20 20 20 04 12 Anantapur 59 59 59 02 09 Total 550 480 389 201 316

The state level PGM activity progress on reconnory survey completed 50%, and piezometers drilling site identifications completed 50%, the Geophysical surveys of piezometer sites nearly 80% completed in state level. Drilling of piezometers site permissions and Approvals are in progress from Head office. Till now 201 permissions are granted from head office for districts and the drilling is in progress. Around 316 PGM groups are already formed in tank level but training is in progress. These PGM groups are more in Srikakulam, Krishna and Prakasam districts, and less in Karnool, Anantapuram, Chittoor, Visakhapatnam, East and West Godavari districts respectively.

5.8 State Level Observation on PGM Activity: Out of 480 piezometer sites, 201 Piezometer sites are sent for approvals to head office, and around 60% sites are approved from Groundwater Department. Remaining approvals are in progress. Previously, only two piezometers were drilled in Anantapur district. So far, 316 Tank wise PGM groups (Those who are having bore well) were formed in this project districts. Selected pilot project tanks name list for twelve districts were presented in below table:

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Table 5.2 : Pilot Project Tanks Selection in Each District Under APIIAT Project S Name of the Tank Name Village Name Mandal Name No District 1 Srikakulam Narayanasagaram Tank Bodumuru Laveru Bumasagaram Tank Totavada Borja 2 Vizianagaram Sadasivuni Tank Uttaravalli Merakamudidam 3 Visakhapatnampatn Kanumala Tank ChinnaDoddigallu Nakkapalli am Krishnam Raja Tank Korada Padmanaba 4 East Godavari Venkataraju Tank Rangapuram Bikkavolu Kudumula Tank CS pudi Prattipadu 5 West Godavari Allikaluva Tank Manchulavarigudem Buttaigudem Ura Tank Jeelugumelli Jeelugumelli 6 Krishna Ura Tank Veluru Bapuladu Kesavaraju Tank Reddigudem Reddigudem 7 Prakasam DevarajuGattu Tank DevarajuGattu Peddaraveedu Gorrepadu Tank Gorrepadu Balikurava 8 SPS Nellore Akkarajuvarikandriga Akkarajuvarikandriga Bogalu Tank Narthmopur Tank Narthmopur Alluru 9 Chittoor DoddaganiChurvu Dommanpalli Putalapadu Evnvigaripalli Tank Evnvigaripalli Chittoor 10 YSR Kadapa ChintalaChurvu ChintalaChurvu Badvelu Boinapalli Tank Boinapalli Badvelu 11 Karnool Attibelagal Tank Attibelagal Alaharvi Gajjivanka Tank Naganatanahalli Adone 12 Anantapur Bommeparti Tank Bommeparti Raptadu Jambuldenne Tank Jambuldenne Garladenne

Film shooting programme meetings conducted in three tanks in Krishna district namely, Kundapalem tank, Kalagara village, Pedda tank, Korlamada village, Ura tank, Veluru village in Visannapetamandal. In Visakhapatnampatnam district, 2 tanks were selected for film shooting in Tajanji reservoir in Chintapallimandal, Komati tank, Golagam village in Anakapallimandal. In Srikakulam district two tanks were selected for film shooting in Asiramma tank, Santavurity village, in G SingadamMandal, Kota Tank, Gorlapadu village in Kavitimandal. In Prakasam district one tank namely Devarajugattu tank, Devarajugattu village Peddaraveedumandal was selected. These film shootings clippings are stored in project database center.

5.9 Findings on Willing/ Non-Willingness on Water Sharing Between Adjacent Farmers: The water shortage led to tension between borewell and non-borewell owning farmers, even as cultivation of water intensive crops continued. It is observed in each district that groundwater buying’s / selling’s occurred between adjacent farmers for their crop water needs (those who are share their bore well excess water) during that cropping season for last crop year 2018-2019. The data from the farmers through field visits out of 844 water buying / selling transactions 96.9% farmers not willing to share their bore well water, only 3.1% farmers are willing to sell their excess water for others for last crop 42 | P a g e

year. This situation is observed that the bore well pumping reaches its peak due to little or no rain fall. District wise information has been presented in below table. Table 5.3: Buying / Selling of Excess Ground Water SN District Purchase /selling groundwater Percentage (%) for irrigation during the last crop year Willing Not willing Total Willing Not willing 1 ANANTAPUR 0 75 75 0.00% 100.00% 2 CHITTOOR 8 66 74 10.80% 89.20% 3 EAST GODAVARI 1 73 74 1.40% 98.60% 4 KADAPA 0 70 70 0.00% 100.00% 5 KRISHNA 6 67 73 8.20% 91.80% 6 KURNOOL 0 75 75 0.00% 100.00% 7 PRAKASAM 5 70 75 6.70% 93.30% 8 SPSR NELLORE 0 72 72 0.00% 100.00% 9 SRIKAKULAM 0 50 50 0.00% 100.00% 10 VISAKHAPATNAM 0 76 76 0.00% 100.00% 11 VIZIANAGARAM 1 54 55 1.80% 98.20% 12 WEST GODAVARI 5 70 75 6.70% 93.30% Total 26 818 844 3.10% 96.90%

The groundwater selling / buying price in general per hour / per acer approximately between Rs 500 to 600/- farmers willing to sharing their bore water for needy farmer’s crop water needs. This situation is depending on Kharif /Rabi/Zaid seasons for different crops.

5.10 Way Forward in PGM Implementation: It is observed that there is a requirement for better degree of collaboration and convergence of key line departments (agriculture, horticulture and groundwater) at the district level to improve the effectiveness of the taken measures. Farmers seem much interested for bore wells for groundwater extraction and its utilization for agricultural purposes. Such farmers need to be orientated on groundwater resources, its utilization and its effective management along with provisions of the project. Activities, which need to be taken up, are;

1. Reconnoitre surveys for remaining tanks from total 1000 tanks 2. Convergence meetings with line departments at district level, more particularly with agriculture and horticulture; 3. Piezometer drilling in identified locations are in progress 4. Obtaining consent letters from the individual farmers for piezometer drilling points in their sites in progress 5. Detailed surveys and integrated groundwater investigations are completed in project tanks/districts 6. Conducting training programs on the three modules (Module I, II, & III) are planned to carry out the capacity building of various stakeholders in PGM groups.

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7. Orientation on PGM, 8. Participatory hydrological monitoring (PHM) 9. Crop water budgeting (CWB) and Field Day workshop at the end of the crop and Crop Adoption Survey (CAS)

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Chapter -6 Climate Smart Crop Production and Diversification

The overall objective of Sub-component- “Climate Smart Crop Production and Diversification” is to enhance resilience of agriculture production systems through technological options, improve productivity, reduce the cost of production by bringing input efficiency, develop capacity of farmers in production technologies, and overall, improve the income of the farmers. As part of the first Concurrent Monitoring of APIIATP, CTRAN team has visited both project tank villages (both LBT and Sample Tank villages) and control tank villages and interacted with the WUA and farmers. House hold survey was carried out at village level with beneficiary farmers helped in understanding the project benefits and their impact at house hold level. Team also interacted with the concerned officers at various levels viz.;Agri expert team at PMU; Nodal Officers at Dept. of Agri. & Dept. of Horti.; District level officers of Dept. of Agri. and Dept. of Horti., DPMU, APDs; and WUA and discussed the project implementation status. Team concluded that only state level action plan is prepared for Agriculture and Horticulture activities under this Sub-component. Not much activities except orientation programs were reportedly taken up at tank village level. As there is no exclusive staff at district level, project implementation is moving very slowly. The existing district level department officials are already burdened with regular departmental works. Though the action plan is prepared at state level, it is not taken to the district level for actual implementation.

Sampling details of house-hold survey As part of the third-party monitoring of APIIATP, CTRAN team has also carried out house hold survey in both APIIATP tank villages and control tank villages (non-project villages). Within the project villages, house hold survey was carried out with LBT(Longitudinal benefit Tracking) house-holds and Sample tank house-holds. District wise number of house-holds visited is presented in Table 6.1. As the project interventions are limited and the interventions not yet given results, in the project villages by the time of HH survey, the house-hold data of LBT house-holds and Sample tank house-holds are much similar. Hence, the data from LBT and Sample tank HH is clubbed and presented in the annexures under one heading as “Project Tanks”. The information provided in this Concurrent Monitoring Report-1 under the project sample tanks include both LBT HHs and sample HHs for the ease of presentation. However, the data of project tanks (together of LBT and sample tank HH) is compared with control HH data under respective project interventions. As there is no field level implementation of agriculture activities, monitoring team has interacted with the farmers and department officials to understand the reasons for not initiating the implementation of proposed project activities. Interaction with farmers revealed that, farmers are aware of the benefits of the proposed interventions and are looking forward for the project implementation in their villages. Further, orientation programs conducted at Mandal level and village level has created good awareness to farmers about the project interventions and implementation modalities. Department officials have expressed meager amount of budget releases is the issue in implementation of the agriculture interventions. Committed expenditure towards training and capacity building programs is also not yet released in majority of the districts.

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Table 6.1.District wise number of house-holds interviewed

LBTs Visited Sample Tanks Control Tanks Total Total Sl. Visited Visited no. of no. of District No. No. of No. No. of No. No. of No. Tanks sample Tanks HHs* Tanks HHs* Tanks HHs* visited HH 1 ATP 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 2 Chittoor 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 3 E. Godavari 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 4 Kadapa 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 5 Krishna 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 6 Kurnool 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 7 Nellore 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 8 Prakasam 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 9 Srikakulam 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 10 Vjm 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 11 Vizag 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 12 W. Godavari 2 30 2 30 1 15 5 75 Total 24 360 24 360 12 180 60 900 * Note :15 Households /Tank) Preparation of Annual Action Plan for the Agriculture Component for the FY19-20 As discussed in the state level convergence workshop and feed-back from the district team, an action plan for the financial year 2019-20 was prepared by the department of agriculture and submitted to SPMU for formal approval. Monitoring Team has visited the action plan for FY 2019-20. The interventions proposed in the annual action plan is in consonance with Project Implementation Plan (PIP) document. Progress on the activities proposed under the sub-component ‘Climate Smart Crop Production and Diversification’ up to June 2019 are also discussed here under; 6.1 Agriculture Interventions 6.1.1 Seed and varietal replacement In most cases, farmers depend on their own farm-saved seeds for crop production. A small portion of the produced grains are used as seeds in the next season, which may not meet the quality aspects, thus resulting in a poor crop stand, and ultimately in poor yield. To address the timely availability of quality seeds locally, project promotes production of climate resilient varieties of Breeder seed, Foundation seed and Certified seeds of major crops in the project area viz., paddy, groundnut, millets and pulses. In the FY 2019-20, it is planned for production of Breeder seeds, Foundation seeds and Certified seeds under APIIATP. Breeder seed will be produced at research stations, while Foundation seed multiplication will be done under Seed Village concept, while, Certified seed will be produced under Community Managed Seed System (CMSS) concepts. Project committed to support 100% assistance for seed production activity.

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Indent for 432q of Breeder Seed, 4094q of foundation Seed and 13400q of Certified Seed of climate resilient varieties is placed by the agriculture department to AP Seed Development Corporation. The SOs have initiated the process of identification of seed villages and seed farmers in selected project districts. The work is in progress as expected. 6.1.2 Soil health management Integrated use of green manuring, organic manures, bio-fertilizers and balanced use of fertilizers will enhance crop productivity and preserves soil health with increase in farm profitability. The interventions proposed to enhance the soil health and the work progress are mentioned below; Green manuring: Under green manuring practice, green manure crops were grown during pre-monsoon showers and incorporated @7-10 days before sowing of the crop, coinciding at its 50% flowering stage or 40-45 days after sowing. In the FY 2019-20, an area of 15000Ha is proposed to cover under green manuring. Project will support 75% cost of green manure seeds.

It has been told that the green manure seed is already placed at mandal level and is available to the farmers for early kharif planting. However, the green manure seed is not yet reached to the farmers in any of the sample tank villages (both LBT & sample tanks).

Distribution of Nutrient Solubilizing Bacteria: The project intends to promote the application of such nutrient solubilizing bacteria so that the fertility of the soil can be enhanced, soil health maintained, cost on fertilizers will be reduced and yield of different cropscan be enhanced.

• In the FY 2019-20, an area of 12000 Ha area is proposed to cover with bio-fertilizer supplementations. Through the officials it is learnt that the indent for the required quantity of the bio-fertilizers (nutrient solubilizing bacteria) is placed to the bio-fertilizer Lab, ANGRAU. Project committed to support 50% assistance for the distribution of nutrient solubilizing bacteria. • Beneficiary identification is yet to be initiated. Once the beneficiaries are identified, the training program on biofertilizer usage will be taken up.

6.1.3 Demonstrations on crop diversification and Intensification Apart from crop diversification, the project considers the best way to build capacities of the cascade / tank command area farmers in terms of orientation on new technologies and adoption of improved technologies is by following the principles of “learning by doing” and “seeing is believing”.

Demonstration of improved technologies as proposed in the action plan are yet to take place in the project villages. Block Demonstrations: Project proposed to demonstrate location specific, appropriate climate resilient technologies that also address the needs of the farmers. The approach would be capacity building through training / orientation along with demonstrations as an integral system. Project to support Rs.80000 per each demonstration. As per the action plan, Block demonstrations are proposed in 6250 Ha in FY 2019-20. Project committed to support 100% assistance for seed production activity. District wise number of demonstrations to be taken up are finalized and the same is presented in Table 6.2below.

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Selection of demo villages and identification of demo farmers is in progress. Demonstrations are expected to roll on in the coming kharif season. Table 6.2. : District wise demonstrations proposed for the FY 2019-20

Sl. No Name of the District No. of Demonstrations

1 Srikakulam 28 2 Vizianagaram 40 3 Visakhapatnampatnam 52 4 East Godavari 24 5 West Godavari 39 6 Krishna 54 7 Prakasam 48 8 Nellore 126 9 Chittoor 24 10 Kadapa 54 11 Kurnool 75 12 Anantapur 61 TOTAL 625

Supply of seed treatment chemicals: Seed treatment refers to the application of fungicide, insecticide, or a combination of both to seeds so as to disinfest them from seed-borne or soil-borne pathogenic organisms and storage insects. Seed treatment chemical will be supplied to the farmers at 50% cost. The activity is expected to be taken up in 2019-20. It is observed that in 75% percent of the villages visited, farmers don’t practice seed treatment to their farm saved seeds. However,they are aware of the seed treatment practice to be followed for the control of seed borne diseases. Purchasing of seed treated seed, non-availability of chemical, lack of awareness about the method of seed treatment are some of the reasons for adoption of seed treatment practice. It is proposed to supply seed treatment chemicals to cover 30000 H across the 12 districts. During the interaction with state level officials, monitoring team came to know that the indent for the seed treatment chemical is placed with the MARKFED. Beneficiary selection is in progress. Intercropping of pulses: In-order to promote intercropping system in the project villages, it is proposed to supply intercrop seeds to the farmer @ 50% seed cost. During the interaction, it is revealed that, low interest in intercropping of legumes in commercial crops, cereals etc could be due to difficulty in carrying out inter-cultivation in intercropping system, poor performance of legume crops in less rainfall situation, low income from legumes, lack of market support, compromise on yield of main crop especially with respect to cotton crop etc. High adoption of the practice can be expected once the project activities are grounded. Pulses intercropping in crops such as groundnut, cotton, maize, foxtail millet (korra), pearl millet (bajra) etc. to the extent in 42500 Ha is proposed for the FY 2019-20. Indent for the required quantity of 48 | P a g e

intercropping seed is placed with AP Seed Development Corporation. Beneficiary selection yet to initiate. Redgram planting on field bunds: Red gram seeds can be dibbled on the bunds of paddy fields and also other commercial crop field bunds. This activity is expected to strengthen the bunds, promote nitrogen fixation by red gram, effectively suppress weed growth on bunds and also provide additional income to the farmers from red gram. The leftover stalk also serves as good cattle feed. The project proposed to support the farmers with 50% red gram seed cost. In the FY 2019-20, it is proposed to take up perennial red gram planting on bunds of paddy and commercial crops to the extent in 30000 Ha.

• Required quantity of seed indent is placed with AP Seed Development Corporation. Beneficiary selection yet to be initiated.

Promotion of second ID crop of pulses, oilseeds & vegetables: In order to encourage farmers to take up ID crops, i.e., pulses, oil seeds and vegetables in rice fallow in rabi season (to discourage rice in rabi season), the project will support @ Rs. 8,000/ha to the farmers who take up rice-legume sequence / rice- oil seeds/rice-vegetables. When legumes are grown as a second crop in kharif paddy fallows also enhances the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in to the soil. Such an attempt also saves water and fetch good income to the farmer. In the FY 2019-20, it is proposed to promote Irrigated Dry crops in rice fallows to the extent in 3125 Ha. Project committed to support 50% assistance for red gram seed. Efforts to motivate the farmers for second ID crops will be taken up just before harvesting of kharif rice. 6.1.4. Weed management Weed control is important to prevent losses in yield, reduce production costs and preserve good grain quality. Project encourages to promote use of different methods for weed control including herbicide usage. Recommended herbicides for 1-2 major crops in the project area will be supplied to the farmers @ 50% cost subsidy on herbicides. Though farmers in the visited tanks are aware of the herbicide usage for weed control, are not practicing the same. Lack of knowledge on methodology and dose of herbicide usage, non-availability herbicides in local market, cost etc are some of the issues for low adoption of herbicides in weed management. It is observed that herbicide usage is less in North-Coastal districts. Wider adoption of herbicide usage in the project tanks may be expected in coming years, once the activity is promoted in the project tank area. It is proposed to promote chemical weed management in 25000 Ha across the state. State officials of department of Agriculture have informed the team that the indent for the herbicides is placed with the MARKFED. Beneficiary selection is yet to initiate. 6.1.5 Efficient water use techniques Supply of water lifting devices and water pipes: This activity is proposed to be taken up in Northern Coastal Districts, viz., Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam, where groundwater potential is less trapped. New bore wells will be taken up in these districts under the existing ‘NTR Jalasiri’ scheme

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of the Rural Development Department, GoAP. In addition to this, the project will provide financial assistance @Rs.25000 for each bore well towards the procurement of pump sets and water carrying pipes for water supply and distribution. In the year 2019-20, project aims to bring 500 Ha under bore well irrigation in these selected districts. Beneficiary identification is in progress. Expected to complete in a month. Micro irrigation: It is established that use of drip and sprinkler irrigation improves water use efficiency for both surface and groundwater resources and also increase crop yields. The project will promote such systems in the tanks / cascades on demand basis, following the existing government norms. This activity will be done in convergence with APMIP. APMIP has already promoted micro-irrigation at subsidized costs in all the project districts. During the house hold survey, it is observed that, in spite of promoting drip and sprinkler irrigation in large scale in entire state, awareness and adoption of micro-irrigation is low.

It is proposed to bring 9000 Ha under micro-irrigation in the FY 2019-20 with per ha cost of Rs. 25,000. Beneficiary identification is pending. 6.1.6 Water conservation measures

Promoting deep ploughing by sub-soilers: Project encourages to take up deep ploughing in the farmers’ fields, specially proposed to be taken up in districts of Rayalaseema and Prakasam having sparse rainfall. Deep ploughing using sub-soilers breaks the clods and opens the soil to a depth, thus improving aeration, facilitating the penetration of rainwater, also facilitates germination and root penetration. Deep ploughing is generally carried out in summer season immediately after the first rain. It is provisioned for the purchase of sub-soilers and kept with custom hiring centers so that the farmers can access the sub-soilers for deep ploughing in their fields. Non-availability of subsoilers and labour cost involved in deep ploughing appears to be the reasons for not practicing deep ploughing. Among the districts, farmer’s awareness of deep ploughing practice using subsoilers is comparatively low in Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts, both in project tank villages and control tank villages. As per the action plan prepared for the year 2019-20, 500 Nos of sub-soilers will be purchased and made available for farmer use. The process of purchasing sub-soilers is already initiated. Promotion of conservation furrows: It is an In-situ moisture conservation practice where a series of furrows will be opened on contour or across the slope at 3-5 m apart. These furrows harvest the local runoff water and improve the soil moisture in the adjoining crop rows, particularly during the period of water stress. This practice is highly suitable for soils with severe problems of crusting, sealing and hard setting. In order to encourage the farmers to take up this practice in any upland crop, the project will support the interested farmers, to the extent of not more than 5 ha for each farmer. All categories of farmers whoever practice conservation furrow in any upland crop will be supported with 100% assistance.

• In the year 2019-20, it is proposed to take up conservation furrows to the extent in 50,000Ha.

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6.1.7 Infrastructure development Modern Seed Processing Plants Including Building for CMSS & Storage: Post-harvest seed handling is a vital component of the total process in marketing of available good quality seeds of improved varieties. Seed processing looks after upgrading seed, improving planting condition of seed, and applying chemical protectants to the seed. Key advantages of seed processing include, improving seed quality, preventing spread of weed seed, preventing crop diseases by applying chemical protectants, reducing seed losses by proper drying etc. The project will provide support in establishing seed processing units at suitable/feasible locations, identified through an assessment. The project may support establishing of new infrastructure or improvement/extension of existing infrastructure at 100% project cost. It is decided to establish 20 seed processing plants across the project districts in the financial year 2019-20. A survey for location identification will be done before making the investments. However, no such efforts were seen on the ground during the field visit by the monitoring team. Paddy Threshing Floor: Threshing floor is used to separate grain from chaff by feet or oxen. The project will promote outdoor threshing floor, which will be owned by the WUA/FPO and will be located in a place exposed to the wind. Further, project will provide 100% assistance in construction of threshing floor. It is proposed to take up 19 Nos of threshing floors in the project districts. However, monitoring team has seen no efforts on the ground towards this activity. Primary Processing Unit: The objective of establishing the processing units is to add value to the agricultural produce by which the farmers can get a remunerative return. It will help farmers to have better market access through value added products and thus enhance their income. The project will support in establishing primary processing units with cleaning and dehulling equipment. The unit shall be managed and maintained by FPO/WUA. In the FY 2019-20, a total of 27 Nos of primary processing units were proposed to purchase. Due to non-availability of funds, the purchasing process is not yet initiated. Establishment of Custom Hiring Centre (CHC): Lack of access to improved implements and farmers’ inability to procure improved implements are some of the reasons for non-adoption of improved agronomic practices or technology that involve mechanization. Therefore, the project plans to provide improved implements through “Custom Hiring Centre” at the community level. The WUA or the local FPO will manage the implements and earn hiring charges from farmers. As per the action plan prepared for the current financial year, 37 Nos of custom hiring centers are to be established in project districts. Survey for location and planning for purchasing of equipment are about to initiate. Pivot Irrigation System: Pivot irrigation is a form of overhead sprinkler irrigation, considered to be a highly efficient system which helps to conserve water and reduce labour cost compared to surface irrigation and furrow irrigation techniques. Pivot irrigation will also be helpful to reduce the amount of soil tillage that occurs for preparing water channel and to reduce water runoff and soil erosion that can

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occur with ground irrigation. Farmers in both project tank villages and control tank villages are less aware of pivot irrigation system.

The project will promote 4 nos of pivot irrigation systems on pilot basis in suitable locations. The activity may kick start once the budget is released. Drones for spraying: The agricultural drone technology helps in precision agriculture, ensures efficiency of inputs such as water and fertilizer, and maximizes productivity, quality, and yield. It also involves minimizing pests, unwanted flooding, and disease. Use of drones will also help farmers to constantly monitor crop and quickly find problems that would not become apparent with ground-level spot checks. In the FY 2019-20, the project will support in procuring around 10 nos of spraying drones on pilot basis for precision farming. The activity may kick start once the budget is released.

Upgradation of Bio Labs: Biolabs produce different agents which are used for seed treatment, bio fertilizers and bio pesticides. The main objective of the bio control laboratory is the mass production of bio agents for control of pest and diseases. The bio control agents are an integral and indispensable part of Integrated Pest and Disease Management. The project will support in upgradation and modernization of 10 bio-labs and equip them with the latest machinery to produce more agents to suit the needs of the farming community.

Auto Analyzers for Nutrient Analysis: As soil nutrient management for climate resilient agriculture is one of the focus areas, the project will support in soil-nutrient analysis using auto analyzers. The project will support for 10 auto analyzers in 2019-20, so that more samples can be tested and accordingly, measures can be taken for improving soil health management practices. 6.1.8 Capacity Building With the active support of Dept. of Agriculture/ Dept. of AH & Veterinary and Dept. of Horticulture, Govt. of AP, farmer respondents in the project area have undergone training programs on various technical aspects related to agriculture production, animal production and horticulture production technologies. Orientation workshops: Before grounding the proposed interventions in the field, series of orientation workshops at state, district and village level were organized by department of agriculture to various stakeholders viz., officials of state line departments, district level department staff, DPMU team, Support Organizations, WUA members and farmers etc. At district level, orientation/inception programs were organized for APDs and SOs. Orientation on APIIATP was also organized for the president and vice-presidents of WUA in their respective districts. State level convergence workshop: A state level convergence workshop was organized involving all the line department staff. A document on Agri. Interventions and other related activities to be taken up under APIIATP was released & distributed to all the participants.

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No training programs were conducted where the WUA are not available. Village level project orientation to ayacut farmers was also done by the department of agriculture, though in only few project villages, Raptadu in Anantapur district is one such village. Technical training on crop water budgeting: The activity is not yet initiated. Technical training on crop water budgeting is expected to take un in the coming kharif season. Exposure visits (Interstate & Intra state):Two exposure visits were organized by Agri. Department for farmers in Chittoor district. One group of farmers were taken to Almatti Dam Back Waters (Out-side the state) to see ‘Efficient Water Management Practices’ and the other group was taken to Rayachoti (within the state) to see ‘Natural Farming Practices’. Farmers expressed that the visits were very useful for them and they learned many new natural farming practices and water management practices. Few farmers have also started adopting the natural farming practices they learnt there. 6.1.9 Institutional arrangements

The Commissioner & Director Agriculture is acting as the state head of the project component, for day to day management of the project. In the rank of Additional Director, has been designated as State Nodal Officer.

The project management cell at the state level is also established for smooth functioning of project activities. The cell is headed by the State Project Coordinator and data processing officer and junior assistant. They will monitor the project activities and assist the nodal officer in day to day administration and liaise with PMU, APIIATP, Water Resources Department at the state level. A Regional Project Management Cell is also established at Visakhapatnam, headed by the Regional Coordinator, for special focus on the North-Coastal districts for the improvement of agricultural status of North-Coastal districts. District Project Management Cell is established at the district level, respective Joint Directors, Agriculture will be the institutional head of the project whereas respective Deputy Directors, Agriculture will function as the Nodal Officer for the project component (agriculture) in their respective districts. It was proposed to appoint a District Coordinator in district to assist the state Nodal Officer. District coordinators are to prepare the tank-wise Annual Action Plan (AAP), coordination with different entities, execution of the proposed activities and monitoring of the activities from time to time. The District Coordinators will be supported by field assistants and departmental personnel. Notification for the recruitment of the District Coordinators is already issued. Due to the prevailing election code in the state, interviews for the same did not happen and it will happen once the officials are free from their election duty 6.2 Horticulture interventions Along with agriculture, the project will support horticultural activities in the project districts. Promotion of climate resilient practices in horticultural activities will be the cross-cutting area in the overall intervention. Intervention wise present status of interventions and targets for 2019-20 are discussed here under;

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CTRAN team has visited both LBT tanks and Sample tanks to assess the horticulture interventions status. Before going for the field visit, the team has interacted with concerned experts at SPMU, nodal officers at Dept. of Horticulture and over phone interacted with district wise DPMU team, APDs and SOs to get the project implementation status. Dept. of Horticulture has also prepared a ‘Work Done Report for 2018-19’. However, monitoring team was provided with this report after the completion of field visit. Hence, could not visit the project activities as mentioned in the Work Done Report for 2018-19. The activities may be visited during the monitoring for second quarter. General observations of the team during the field visit;

• District level orientation programs taken up in the field. In the year 2018-19, interventions under horticulture production as reportedly taken up by department of Horticulture. Project interventions are progressing at slow pace. Only 0-47% of target is achieved under various interventions.

• State level Annual Action Plan for FY 2019-20 is prepared by the Dept. of Horticulture for horticulture interventions to be taken up • District level action plan for field implementation has been prepared based on the targets fixed in the state action plan • It is good to note that interventions proposed in the annual action plan are similar to those mentioned in PIP document, no deviation is noticed • Non-availability of exclusive district team for Agri./Horti. activities are impeding the progress. Project is supposed to appoint one District Coordinator common for all the agri. and Horticulture interventions including component C activities • Existing department officials are already burdened with regular departmental works • At tank level, Para-workers are in place • SOs are also available in all the project districts & are actively engaged in implementation • The team has been told that, beneficiary selection is in progress for all the activities. Team has not come across any of the project beneficiary during the field visit.

Table 6.2 Intervention wise details of proposed target and physical achievement for the year 2018-19 S. No. Intervention Units Target Achievement % proposed in in 2018-19 Achievement 2018-19 1 Area Expansion of Horticulture Crops: Mango (3X2 m) UHDP Ha 200 0 0 Banana 1.8 X 1.8 m) Ha 200 18.74 9 Papaya (1.8 X 1.8 m) Ha 200 51.36 26 Sweet Orange (6X6 m) Ha 150 2.40 2 Tomato Ha 250 3.28 1 Onion Ha 200 13.38 7 Coconut Ha 200 0 0 Cashew Ha 200 1.51 1 Cocoa Ha 250 0 0 54 | P a g e

Chilli Ha 200 0 0 Turmeric Ha 250 48 19 Other Vegetables Ha - 80.05 AEP Total= Ha 2300 218.64 10 2 Protected Cultivation: Poly House (4000 Sq.m=1 1 unit 9 0 Unit) 0 Shade net house (4000 Sq.m=1 1 unit 9 0 Unit) 0 Protected Cultivation Tota units 18 0 0 3 Rejuvenation: Mango Ha 150 6.6 4 Sweet Orange Ha 150 21.8 15 Rejuvenation Sub Tota Ha 300 28.4 9 4 Canopymanagement: Mango Ha 150 15.27 10 Sweet Orange Ha 150 0 0 Cocoa Ha 150 0 0 Canopy mgt Sub Total Ha 450 15.27 3 5 Adoption of water soluble Ha 500 42.5 fertilizers 9 6 ICM & INM in Horticulture Ha 500 176.6 crops 35 7 Permanent Pandals Ha 50 23.63 47 8 Drip irrigation system Ha 1500 0 0

Interventions proposed in the Annual Action Plan 2019-20 are expected to roll on in 2019 kharif. Project interventions are also delayed considerably due to election code. It is observed that the WUA & farmers have shown enthusiasm & satisfaction over the project modalities & implementation. Though the CTRAN team has not visited the interventions implemented in 2018-19 and has not interacted with beneficiaries, however, would like to mention intervention wise status reportedly taken up in the year 2018-19 and targets proposed for the year 2019-20 here under; 6.2.1 Area expansion of horticulture The purpose of this initiative is to bring additional area under identified fruit & vegetable crops (Perennial/ Non- perennial) with improved varieties / hybrids. Under this component the permitted crops to be taken up are (a) Mango (Ultra High Density Planting), (b) Banana (c) Papaya, (d) Sweet orange (e) Tomato, (f) Onion, (g) Coconut, (h) Cashew, (i) Cocoa, (j) Chilli & Turmeric and other vegetables based on the local demand & better marketability. This activity is to be implemented in clusters in a contiguous area, instead of doing it in scattered areas in an unplanned manner. This approach will help in providing both backward and forward linkages and enable the Dept., to discharge effective extension service. The farmers who are having assured source of irrigation and power supply are to be selected & Micro irrigation should be integrated for better survival of plantations. Minimum area per block should be above 10 ha for better monitoring and maximum limit for each beneficiary is 4 ha under

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establishment of new garden adhering to MIDH norms. Project has provided 75% assistance as subsidy for the promotion of the activity. In the year 2018-19, an extent of 218.72 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs. 82.17 Lakhs was achieved with various crops. In the FY 2019-20, a target of 2936 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 1262.49 Lakhs was allocated in all the project districts. It is learnt that identification of beneficiaries is under process. Table: 6.3 Area expansion of horticulture crops carried out in the year 2018-19 Ana Chit East Kad Kris Kur Nell Prak Srik Vizi Visak W. S. ntap toor God apa hna nool ore asa akul ana hapat God No Crop ur avar m am gara namp avar . i m atna i m Mango (3X2m) ------UHDP

Banana 4.80 ------5.82 - - 1.29 6.83 1.8 X 1.8 m) 18.8 31.0 Papaya 1.40 ------(1.8 X 1.8 m) 9 7 Sweet Orange - - - 1.40 - - - 1.00 - - - - (6X6 m)

Tomato ------3.28 - - 13.3 Onion ------8 Coconut ------Cashew ------1.51 Cocoa ------Chilli ------Turmeric ------48.00 Vegetables ------80.05 - AEP Sub 6.2 14.7 18.8 37.8 3.2 129. 8.3 - - - - - Total 0 8 9 9 8 34 4

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6.2.2 Protective cultivation Protected cultivation practices can be defined as a cropping technique wherein the micro climate surrounding the plant body is controlled partially or fully as per the requirement of the vegetable species grown during their period of growth. Protected cultivation enables the farmers to fetch good income by cultivating high value vegetables, flower crops & also during off-seasons, especially under adverse weather conditions. Poly houses and shade net houses are proposed for raising vegetable seedlings for higher germination rate along with quality seedlings. It is implemented as per the existing MIDH implementing norms. Project has provided with 75% assistance as subsidy for the promotion of the activity. In 2018-19, this activity is not initiated at all. However, in 2019-20, it is proposed to give 21 units of poly house/shade net houses in project districts.

6.2.3 Rejuvenation of old orchids & canopy management Rejuvenation concept involves the techniques / methods such as Top working of seed originated plants/ undesirable trees and grafting with desirable varieties having export potential/ as per market demand in mango. Canopy management / pruning is needed to let in good amount of sun light for optimum flowering and fruiting for mango and sweet orange. Rejuvenation will be done only for old mango and sweet orange orchards.

Integrated nutrient and pest management practices for optimum use of fertilizers and pesticides was promoted. The permitted crops under Rejuvenation are Mango &Sweet orange and under canopy are Mango, Sweet orange and Cocoa. Project has provided 75% assistance as subsidy for the promotion of the activity. In the year 2018-19, rejuvenation of mango and sweet orange orchards to the extent in 28.40 Ha was taken up with a financial out lay of Rs.8.36 Lakhs. While, canopy management in mango & sweet orange plantations was taken up in 15.27 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 1.37 Lakhs. In 2019-20, it is proposed to rejuvenate mango and sweet orange orchards to the extent in 1337 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 401.10 Lakhs in Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, East Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa and Chittoor districts of AP. While, canopy management was proposed in 209-20, for the crops mango, sweet orange and cocoa to the extent in 1663 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 149.67 Lakhs in Vizianagaram, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapuramu and Chittoor districts of AP. Identification of beneficiaries is in progress.

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Table: 6.4 Rejuvenation & Canopy Management of old orchards carried out in the year 2018-19 (Acreage covered in hectares) Ana Chit East Kad Kris Kur Nell Pra Srik Vizi Visa W. S. ntap toor God apa hna nool ore kasa akul ana khap God N Crop ur avar m am gara atna avar o. i m mpat i nam Rejuvenation Mango 4.8 ------1.80 - - - -

Sweet 17.7 - - 4.10 ------Orange Total 22.5 - - 4.10 - - - 1.80 - - - -

Canopy Management

Mango ------8.27 - 7 - -

Sweet ------

Orange

Cocao

Total ------8.27 - - - -

6.2.4 ICM & INM in Horticulture crops With the practices of Integrated Crop management, including pest and nutrient management as per the timely requirement of the crop helps healthy orchards for sustainable quality production for longer periods. Project has provided 75% assistance as subsidy for the promotion of the activity. In 2018-19, ICM/INM practices were promoted in Anantapuramu, Chittoor and Ongole districts to the extent in 185.58 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs.23.19 Lakhs. In 2019-20, a target of 2045 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs. 255.63 Lakhs is allocated to promote ICM/INM practicesin Srikakulam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapuramu and Chittoor districts.

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Table:6.5 District was details of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices promoted in APIIATP. (Acreage covered in hectares) S. ATP CTR EG KDP Kri Kur Nlr Pks Skm VJ Viag WG Crop No M ICM & INM 8.77 10.00 149.95 - - - - 16.86 - - - - practices in

horticulture crops

6.2.5 Permanent Pandals The objective is to increase the quality production and productivity by 25-30%. Improves the quality of the produce and also facilitates easy harvesting. Permanent pandals are implemented for cultivation of Gourds such as bottle gourd, bitter gourd, Ridge gourd, Snake gourd and Coccinia etc. Project has provided 75% assistance as subsidy for the promotion of the activity. In 2018-19, the activity was promoted in 23.67 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs.35.22 Lakhs.In 2019- 20, project targets to promote the activity to the extent in 102 Ha with a financial out lay of Rs.382.50 Lakhs in the districts of East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur and Chittoor. Table: 6.6 Details of acreage promoted with permanent pandals under APIIATP. (Acreage covered in hectares) S. ATP CTR EG KDP Kri Kur Nlr Pks Skm VJ Viag WG

No. M ICM & INM 5.00 - - 1.00 - - - 12.5 - - - 5.13 practices in 4

horticulture crops

6.2.6 Adoption of water-soluble fertilizers To overcome the issue of indiscriminate use of both fertilizers and water, the project proposes to promote fertigation for dispensing water-soluble formulation of nutrients in place of conventional methods of fertilizer application. Such water-soluble formulations, which are also known as Water Soluble Fertilizers (WSF) can be dissolved in water and added or leached out of the soil easily. Project has provided 75% assistance as subsidy for the promotion of the activity. In the year 2018-19, project supported with water soluble fertilizers to cover 42.50 Ha with an out lay of Rs. 4.69 Lakhs.

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In 2019-20, an out lay of Rs. 95.88 Lakhs was allocated to supply water soluble biofertilizers to cover 767 Ha in districts viz., Vizianagaram, West Godavari, Krishna, Prakasam, Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur and Chittoor. Beneficiary identification is in progress. Table:6.7 Details of acreage promoted with water-soluble fertilizers under APIIATP. (Acreage covered in hectares) AT CTR EG KDP Kri Kur Nlr Pks Skm VJ Viag WG S. Crop P M No

ICM & 5.0 10.0 - - - - 10.0 15.0 - 2.50 - - INM 0 practices in horticultur e crops

6.2.7 Capacity building Trainings & exposure visits are to be conducted to the staff and farmers to create awareness on new technologies that are useful in increasing the productivity, quality of the produce market intelligence and also weather based crop planning. The 100% assistance is permitted under this component. In the year 2018-19, a total of 59 training programs were completed with an expenditure of Rs.3.49 Lakhs. Out of this, 15 trainings were conducted for mobilization, formation & strengthening of FPOs covering all the project districts. The expenditure was booked under Component C. 6.2.8 Institutional Arrangements Horticultural activities are being implemented by the Department of Horticulture (Commissioner of Horticulture, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh). At the state level, the Deputy Director (Fruits), Horticulture is operating as the Nodal Officer for the project, supported by other officials of the department at the state level. At the district level, Assistant Director, Horticulture is the Nodal Officer for the project, supported by Horticulture Consultant and other officials. The existing field staff at the district level are supporting in execution of horticultural activities as per the plan. For the execution of horticultural activities, consultants are yet to be appointed at both state and project districts along with data entry operators.

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Component -B2 Climate Smart Aquaculture

6.3 Climate Smart Aquaculture Production

The aim is to improve fish productivity and profitability in the project tanks and ponds which offer high economic opportunities and benefits. The project will facilitate suitable linkages for better access to markets, and support measures for maintaining hygienic conditions throughout the fish value chain. The total outlay is Rs.104.30 crores and the allocation for 2019-20 is Rs 906.60 lakhs. The activities included in the action plan to be taken up in 112 MI tanks during 2019-20 are as follows. 1. Establishment of Fresh water fish Brood banks: For increasing productivity in tanks fast growing fish species, such as Amur Carp, Genetically Improved Tilapia (GIFT), Jayanthi Rohuand Pangasius are identified

2. Brood banks are planned to established at Brahmamgarimatham farm, Kadapa district and Somasila in Nellore district at a cost of Rs.500 lakhs. Estimate for one unit prepared is under scrutiny.

3. Upgrading and modernisation of fish seed farms: The PMU received estimates are from (5) fish seed farms at a cost of Rs.125 lakhs and they are under further revision/ refinement /scrutiny.

4. Establishment of Captive seed nurseries: These “small ponds in the tank” help to rear small size fish seed - fry to fingerlings (80mm), which is quite suitable size for stocking in open water bodies like tanks. Fifty-five (55) captive nurseries is under planning. The administrative approvals were accorded for 14 units in East Godavari district, 8 in Nellore and 3 in Anantapur district at the total cost of Rs.150 lakhs. Estimates yet to be received from Visakhapatnam (4), Kurnool (10), Kadapa (2) ,Chittoor(1).

5. Construction of Fish landing centres: The construction of 5 fish landing centres is taken up at a cost of Rs.50.00 lakhs. The estimates are under preparation.

6. Providing equipment for aqua labs: Rs.15 lakhs has been provided for Aqua lab equipment at Vizianagaram. The detailed proposals are awaited.

7. Supply of fishing and post harvest fishing inputs: 90% assistance is being provided for supply of fishery inputs. Rs.54.69 lakhs are provided this year to take up fish retail outlets and stocking of freshwater prawn juveniles in suitable tanks. The proposals are awaited.

8. Capacity Building: Staff of fisheries department and fishermen are being trained, taken on field visits etc.,

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Component -C Chapter -7 Post-harvest Management, Market & Agribusiness Model for Horticultural Crops

This component aims to enhance the profitability for the farmers by improving their access to markets through bringing-in producers and consumers closer for locally produced goods by enhancing market penetration and developing alternate marketing channels which improve farm level post-harvest management and value addition. The project will utilize the FPOs, wherever feasible, as the base at village and cluster of villages, or at a super-cluster at cascade level. This component will help the farmers to realize a greater return to their products through value chain improvement and supply chain management. CTRAN Team has visited the project sample tanks, LBT and control tanks. Team interacted with state level and district level officials, APDs and SOs. Team would like to report that the team has not come across any of the project activity in sample tanks visited. Delay in appointment of SOs and non- availability of dedicated team for agriculture and horticulture activities is hampering the progress. As the SOs are now in place and District Coordinators are to be appointed shortly, may expect some progress under the component C. • As of now, state level Annual Action Plan for 2019-20 is prepared. However, there is an urgent need to percolate down to the district and tank villages. • For the information sake, CTRAN would like to highlight the project interventions proposed and intervention wise progress under this component C. Annual Action Plan for 2019-20 and Status Report Submitted by the department is the basis for the information provided here under;

The Agriculture and Horticulture Departments will implement Component C. The Horticulture Department will facilitate establishment of rural markets, integrated packing houses, low-cost storage structures, and refrigerated transport vehicles and will promote climate-smart cooling structures. The Agriculture Department will support establishment of a market link through e-NAM (an e-platform that provides all agriculture-market-related information including commodity prices), which connects FPOs with the market, and will promote information- sharing through Agri-watch. Activities: • Construction of Rural godowns. • Supply of secondary processing units to CIG farmers-such as dal mill, mini rice mill, floor mill, oil mill expellers with motors, pulvirizers, grinders, ravva making machine etc., which are used for value addition machinery. • Establishing Rural Market / Apni Mandi / Direct Market • Establishing integrated pack house • Low cost horticulture produces storage structures • Providing Refrigerated Transport Vehicles to FPOs • Workshop on modernization of existing markets into e-markets involving buyers and sellers. • Climate smart cooling structures • Promotion & Strengthening of FPOs

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7.1 Agriculture Market Transformation and Value addition (Agribusiness) 7.1.1 Establishing Market Linkages e Nam Since this activity is already being implemented by the Agriculture Marketing department with the funds provided by Gol, this component is not required to be financed under the APIIATP. Hence, it is proposed to organize exposure visits for the producers to understand the market linkages within and outside the states. • So far, orientation trainings are completed in 11 project districts. An exposure visit for producers is planned to Sahayadri Farms, Nasik & visit to successful FPOs in Pune.

7.1.2 Selection and appointment of State level Agribusiness support organization (ABSO)status on supply of value chain analysis. (Linkages with FPOs. Providing Market Intelligence). MANAGE(National Institute of Agriculture Extension Management), Government of India is identified by the Department of Agriculture, for taking up the consultancy services under Direct selection method in three areas viz (a) Supply and value chain analysis, (b) Export direct linkages with FPOs and ( c) Providing market intelligence under Andhra Pradesh Integrated Irrigation and Agriculture Transformation Project As of now, the ToR and RFP are finalized. It is agreed to follow the Direct Selection method to finalize agency. TOR and RFP have to be scrutinized by the procurement section, as per the World Bank norms for finalizing the agency. A workshop on modernization of existing markets into e-markets involving buyer & sellers is also planned in next 1-2 months. 7.1.3 Construction of Rural Godowns Rural godowns will be utilized for short term storage of the farm produce when there is slump in the market and sell when the prices are increased. The JDAs and DPD (APIIATP) shall jointly identify sites for construction of rural godowns in consultation with the WUA presidents and SOs. Detailed estimates for the sites identified will be provided by the DPDs. Financial assistance of total Rs.30.00 lakh will be provided for Pre-fabricated /or other type of storage godowns of 500 MT capacity for each unit on prorate basis. • In 2019-20, it is proposed to take up 21 rural godowns across the project districts. District wise allocation is finalized.10 Estimates are received and are under scrutiny.

7.1.4 Supply of secondary processing units The secondary processing units for value additions, suited to different crops are identified and detailed proposals are being obtained by the district JDAs from groups of farmers (CIGs)/FPOs. The rates approved by the Commissioner of Agriculture will be followed while procuring the units by following DBT method. The cost will be shared between project and beneficiaries in 90:10 ratio and the total cost of unit shall limit to Rs.10 lakhs each.

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7.2 Post Harvest Management, Market and Agribusiness promotion horticulture crops. It is proposed to construct /provide to FPOs: In the year 2019-20, it is proposed to construct covering Vizianagarm, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna and Chittoor districts.

• 7 rural markets • 30low cost horticulture produce storage structures • 3 evaporative low energy cool chambers • 5 refrigerated transport vehicles • 4mobile pre cooling unit • 15Evaporative low energy cool chamber • Formation and Strengthening of FPOs

7.2.1 Strengthening of Farmers Producers organizations PMU. APIIATP, WRD has surveyed and collected data with respect to 593 Nos of existing FPOs in the project area, which were organized by different departments/ organizations such as NABARD, ICRISAT, SERP, Dept. of Agriculture/Horticulture/Animal Husbandry/Fisheries. Dept. of Agriculture and Horticulture are verifying and assessing the functioning status of these identified FPOs in terms of infrastructure created and whether they are active/ dormant etc. The verification process is in progress. Horticulture Department identified 18 existing FPOs in tank/cascade area 7.2.2 Construction of Low-cost Horticultural produce storage Structures It is yet to be initiated 7.2.3 Refrigerated Transport Vehicles It is yet to be initiated 7.2.4 Climate Smart Cooling structures (mobile pre-cooling units) It is yet to be initiated 7.2.5 Evaporative low energy cool chamber (8 Mt capacity) It is yet to be initiated 7.3 Capacity building/ Training Programs/Exposure visits In the year 2018-19, a total of 59 training programs were completed with an expenditure of Rs.3.49 Lakhs. Out of this, 15 trainings were conducted for mobilization, formation & strengthening of FPOs covering all the project districts. In 2019-20, a total of 14 existing FPO straining programs with a financial out lay of Rs.42.00 Lakhs was allocated to cover six project districts. Programs include, mobilization, strengthening of FPOs in project districts. Department of Horticulture were already identified Seven organizations for the purpose.

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Component --D Chapter 8. Project management

8.1 Institutional arrangements The Engineering Staff College of India (ESIC) is an autonomous training organ has been appointed as Training Facilitation Agency (TFA) for Capacity Building Programmes for the Project staff including PMU, DPU, SOs and Line Department staff. The services of the TFA are being used at the state and regional level. The Major tasks of TFA includes: • Assist PMU in Training Needs Assessment of Project staff • All training logistics • Support PMU in training modules development • Implement state CB calendar • Identification of Resource persons and training of trainers • Assist PMU in developing CB monitoring module It was attempted that to know that the basic logistics availability for the APDs in the district, on following parameters.

• Availability exclusive working space for APDs at DPU office • Office space for APD - PGM • Availability of required furniture • Availability of computers • Printer • Meeting hall • Vehicle for APDs • Filling APD Agriculture Position

The data reveals that in 9 districts the office space is available for the APDs, in 4 districts it is not available. Especially, in Visakhapatnam and East Godavari, the APDs are not having fixed place to sit. The APD- PGM is working from ground water department. All these APDs have got good working space. Only 50% of districts have got computers and printers, rest of the districts are permitted to buy but because of hurdles in official procedures, the remaining district are not able to procure these items. The required furniture for the APDs is available in 5 districts. For purchasing the furniture also funds allotted to all the districts but due to administration issues, procurement is pending. Out of 12 districts, in 7 districts the DPU office is located at district head quarter whereas in 5 districts other than district Hq. Some project tanks Kurnool and Anantapuram located quite far away i.e about 150-180 km. No district has got vehicle facility for APDs. The district wise status has been given in the following table

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Table No. 8.1 :District wise logistics Logistics No of districts

Availability exclusive working space for APDs at DPU office 9 Office space for APD - PGM 12 Availability of required furniture 5 Availability of computers 7 Printer 6 Meeting hall 6 Major staff change in SOs 4 Vehicle for APDs 0 Filling of APD Agriculture Position 0

8.2Project Staff Trainings The Project Management Unit (PMU) has conducted following trainings/workshop/exposure visits to the project staff. Total of project staff trained is 2500 members, till June ending. 1.Oreination training to the PMU experts 2. Exposure visit to PMU members 3. Orientation training to the Assistant Project Directors 4. Orientation trainings to the DPUs and Line departments 5. ESMF disclosure workshops at state and District level 6.Workshop on preparation of model Cascade/Tank Development Plan 7. Orientation training to the Support Organization 8. Workshops on annual action plan 9. Orientation on GIS/MIS applications 10. Training on preparation of Cascade/Tank Development Plan

8.3 Methods of Capacity Building for the Project Staff ▪ Meetings: As part of the project monitoring learning and evaluation, the PMU used e series of meetings with the secondary stakeholders, at village level and district level. ▪ Trainings and Workshops form a major part of the capacity building activities under the project. The Training cum orientation workshops are be conducted for all the project staff at Vijayawada.

▪ Exposure visits: Exposure visits have been planned for within and outside the state for the project staff. The implementation yet be done.

▪ International Training cum Exposure Internal training cum exposures are also part of capacity building plan. The planning and stakeholder identification yet to be done.

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8.4 MIS & GIS Applications MIS Expert Coordinated with all PMU, DPU and line department staff to design MIS and to capture various data. Detailed TOR is prepared for procuring MIS agency to design and develop MIS solution for APIIAT project. External agency, APCFSS is awarded with MIS solution development contract. APCFSS has worked with MIS expert and PMU to gather required information for developing MIS proformae for all the project components. APCFSS is ready to deliver 1st Version MIS covering all of the major components. Presentation on the work done so far is to be given on 7th or 8th June2019. MIS module is hosted in cloud and accessed through a link from the APIIATP website.

Major Data Input Forms and Reports Developed

Component A1 Institutional Strengthening and Tanks, Tank Ayacutdars, Capacity Building Paraworkers, WUAs, FPOs, WUA Trainings Component A2 Rehabilitation and Modernization Tenders, Action plan and Status of the SSCBI systems Civil Work report

Component A3 Improving Water Productivity and PGM Groups, PHM Data, Ground Efficiency water status, Action plan and Status report Component B1 Climate Smart Crop Production Beneficiary details for project and Diversification interventions, Action plan and Status report Component B2 Climate Smart Aquaculture Fishery specific tank details, Action Production plan and Status report Component C Post-harvest Management, Market Action plan and Status report and Agribusiness Promotion

Component D Project Management and Capacity Staff trainings, Action plan and Building Status report

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GIS APIIATP uses GIS tools and techniques extensively for data analysis, presentation and interpretation for management decision making. The portal enables a PMU admin or anyone using the system to be able to view details of assets grouped by Tanks, Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries and Groundwater. It is a login enabled portal which provides capabilities to view shape files of Catchment Area, Borewells available in the Tank Command Area, Tank Water Spread Area, Drainage network, Intercepted Tanks, Ayacut (Irrigated and Gap), Cadastral Maps with details of the dominant crop in the respective survey numbers. These details can be viewed on clicking a specific tank of interest. In addition to shape files, the portal integrates the Geotagged images captured from the field using the Mobile App and displays them on the map near the tank. The name of web portal :http://68.183.88.46:8080

The GIS specialist of APIIATP developed mobile application, this will provide capability to capture Geotagged images and Videos from the field to monitor and evaluate the progress of various Civil Works. In addition to Tanks, the app provides the capability to capture images and videos of assets belonging to Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries, Groundwater and WUA Building. The app is enabled by login with specific access given to users to various departments in each of the 12 districts. A PMU, SO and WR level login allows to capture images across any department and district. The app is deployed to Play Store from where users can install and login with the credentials provided to them. To ensure that the user details are captured, the name, designation and mobile number details are captured through the app. The Geotagged images captured are integrated with the GIS portal to be able to view the images for a specific asset such as a tank. The app is enabled for Android devices and enables field functionaries to capture images in offline mode which can be further synced to the server when there is a reliable internet connection.

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