GJCL FALL FORUM 2013 | ROMAN HISTORY| JUNIOR VARSITY (follows format of the National Roman Civilization Exam)

1. Who concluded his remarks in the Senate with the words ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, “and I also think that Carthage must be destroyed”? A. Cato (the Elder) B. Laelius (the Wise) C. Mummius Achaicus D. Scipio Aemilianus

2. The term cursus publicus refers to A. chariot racing at the ludi circenses B. primary schooling for both girls and boys C. the ascending order of the offices of Roman government D. the imperial postal service

3. Pyrrhus owed his victory over the Romans at Heraclea in 280 BC largely to his A. archers B. elephants C. superior numbers D. triremes

4. Which emperor ordered his soldiers to mark their shields with the Greek letters chi and rho, the first two letters of the name of Christ? A. Constantine B. Diocletian C. Licinius D. Maxentius

5. What goddess, known to the Romans as Magna Mater, the Great Mother, was first worshiped at Rome in 204 BC? A. Bona Dea B. Ceres C. Cybele D. Isis

6. The officer second in command to a centurio was the A. cornicen B. optio C. signifer D. tesserarius

7. Who wore a golden ring (anulus aureus) and a tunic with a narrow purple band (tunica angusticlavia)? A. equites B. freedmen C. plebeians D. senators

8. What Roman victory in 190 BC ended the influence of Antiochus III the Great in the eastern Mediterranean? A. Cynoscephalae B. Magnesia C. Pydna D. Thermopylae

9. Rome was captured in 390 BC by the A. Aequi under Cloelius Gracchus B. Etruscans under Lars Porsenna C. Gauls under Brennus D. Volsci under Coriolanus

10. A gladiator who fought with a net, trident, and dagger was a A. andabata B. bestiarius C. murmillo D. retiarius

11. What garment did Roman women wear over the stola? A. palla B. strophium C. subligaculum D. tunica

12. A Roman chariot race usually consisted of ___ laps. A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 24

13. What Lusitanian herdsman, enraged at the atrocities of Roman commanders in Spain, led his countrymen to victories over five Roman commanders before being treacherously murdered in his sleep in 139 BC? A. Viriathus B. Andriscus C. Sertorius D. Lepidus

14. The Ludi Romani and the Ludi Plebeii were held in honor of A. Apollo B. Ceres C. Cybele D. Jupiter

15. The Via _____ ran from Rome to the “heel” of Italy. A. Annia B. Appia C. Aurelia D. Flaminia

16. Which king established most of Rome’s religious institutions, including its calendar? A. Ancus Marcius B. Numa Pompilius C. Servius Tullius D. Tarquinius Priscus

17. Which term refers to the central heating system of a Roman bathhouse (thermae)? A. apodyterium B. caldarium C. hypocaust D. laconicum

18. Which emperor devised the Tetrarchy or “rule of four,” whereby the Empire was divided into East and West, with each half ruled by an “Augustus” who took on a “Caesar” or junior emperor as his designated successor? A. Constantine B. Diocletian C. Gallienus D. Theodosius

19. In which region of Italy was Rome located? A. Apulia B. Campania C. Etruria D. Latium

20. To which province was Tacitus referring when he wrote in his Annals that “Augustus … set it apart and forbade senators and high-ranking Roman equites from entering it without permission, for fear that whoever occupied that province … would be able to distress Italy with famine”? A. Asia B. Britain C. Egypt D. Sicily

21. Which battle ended the period of nearly two decades of civil war that began with Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon? A. Actium B. Munda C. Pharsalus D. Philippi

22. What part of a Roman meal was the gustus (gustatio, promulsis)? A. appetizer B. dessert C. drinking bout D. main course

23. According to Livy, who wilfully drove her carriage over the corpse of her father, Rome’s sixth king? A. Hersilia B. Lucretia C. Tanaquil D. Tullia

24. The 24 priests of Mars who, at the beginning and end of the campaigning season, danced and sang throughout Rome, carrying sacred shields (ancilia) copied from one that had fallen from the sky, were called A. fetiales B. flamines C. Salii D. Vestales

25. The part of a Roman theater where the audience sat, consisting of rows of seats rising in concentric semicircles, was the A. cavea B. proscaenium C. scaenae frons D. vomitorium

26. What enactment granted Roman citizenship to all free men in the Empire? A. Constitutio Antoniniana B. Edict of Milan C. Edictum Perpetuum D. lex Julia

27. Which “good emperor” composed parts of his Meditations on the nature of rulership and duty while on campaign in the Marcomannic Wars? A. Antoninus Pius B. Hadrian C. Marcus Aurelius D. Trajan

28. Which term denotes a slave dealer? A. lanista B. mango or venalicius C. verna D. vilicus

29. In FIGURE ONE below, what is indicated by the arrow? A. compluvium B. impluvium C. peristylium D. vestibulum

30. What general of the late Republic is shown in FIGURE TWO below? A. Crassus B. Marius C. Pompey D. Sulla