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Particle Accelerators : Beaming Into Matter and Life

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Particle Accelerators : Beaming Into Matter and Life Particle Accelerators : Beaming into Matter and Life Swapan Chattopadhyay CI Symposium: “Quantum Systems and Research (ers) at Accelerators” May 16, 2012 April 17, 2012 WlWelcome to the Daresbury Campus and the Cockcroft Institute ! Sir Humphrey Davy “Nothing tends so much to the advancement of knowledge as the application of a new i”instrument” from Elements of Chemical Philosoph y (1812) Accelerators are instruments using charged particles and light: from the laboratory scale to grand dimensions From Cyclotrons to the Large Hadron Collider Accelerators in Space Radiation of Synchrotron Light fromMorpho the Crab menelaus Nebula And in Nature…… Amazing 200 nm Light and Particles! The inverse of Acceleration (energy gain) is Radiation (energy loss) and vice-versa Meta‐materials, Photonic Band‐gap Crystals, Fibre lasers Plasma Wake-field Meta-materials and Fibre lasers Photonic Structures and meta-materials Today’s Accelerators Exploit Quantum Systems: Superconductivity and Super -fluidity Suppyerconductivity – a quantum effect Electrons ‘Resistance’ arises from Incoherent scattering against Defect Impurity Superconductivity = Super-fluidity of charged particles CtCurrent Macroscopic quantum phenomena TRADITIONAL CLOSE DANCE “Atom Pairs” for Superfluidity “Cooper pairs” for Superconductivity What if more men are on the dance floor ……? Superfluid and superconducting dance with unequal populations Does an excess population of men stop the dance? (quenching of superfluidity or superconductivity) Do the excess men stay off the dance floor? (phase separation below the ‘lambda point’: 1.9 degree K liquid He vs. 4 degree K liquid He) Do the excess men lead to a new dance where the partners are no longer matched? (quark superfluidity or superconductivity, new types of superconductors, FFLO state, etc.) TRADITIONAL CLOSE DANCE MODERN DANCE Atom Pairs Electron pairs Bose Einstein condensate BCS Supercon duc tor of molecules EXPLOITATION OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ACCELERATOR MAGNETS Electrical cables at CERN - LEP vs. LHC(4K) Material Science: Thin Film Microwave Superconductivity: High Tc 28 TeV cm energy LHC 42 TeV cm energy LHC Proposed Design of 24 Tesla block‐coil dipole for LHC Energy Tripler P. McIntyre et al. (2009) Magnets are getting more efficient! EXPLOITATION OF MICROWAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY with SUPERFLUID HELIUM Superconducting Radio Frequency Linear Accelerators for Acceleration (e.g. XFEL) and Cavities for Deflection of Charged Particles (g(e.g. LHC Luminosity Upgrade) Grand Particle Colliders are Telescopes to the Early Universe, from the ‘BIG BANG’ to ‘NOW’: Microcosm and Macrocosm Nature’s time scales in the Nano-world zepto Femtoseconds: The new dimension in nano -space needs Microwave Superconductivity and Ultrashort Pulse Techniques Time Scales t 1 sec 100 femto-second (fs) 30 m 100 atto--secondsecond = 0.1 femto--secondsecond 30 nm In Neils Bohr’s 1913 model of the Hydrogen atom it takes about 150 as for an electron to orbit the protonproton.. FROM: Lord Kelvin, father of Industrial Revolution, large engines ….. …...TO…. MOLECULAR MACHINES How does matter behave beyond equilibrium? When predicting how a system will behave, very small is different than big Protein, the Engine of Life!! Controlled Study of “Protein Folding”, Alzheimer’s Plaques and Cancer “stretched” uncoiled protein t=0t = 0 j i LIFE SCIENCES “ -sheets” Resolution ~ 1–100 Å j t = t “helices” “coiled-up i R(i,j t,t ) C(k,k ,) folded” protein i t = 1 µs Pu Pu j t2 t3 t4 t6 t7 pulse sequence t1 t5 schematic to study correlation Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Antimatter reserach: RF Bunching and Diagg,nostics, Antimatter Trapping and Spectroscopy Diagnostics @ 4 K ns Bunching In-ring Spectrometer Applications: Particle-beam-based Cancer Therapy, MRI, PET I magi ng, M ol ecul ar machi nes, N ano-fluid s Type III Solar Cells Lubrication in Nano Slits CeChemi styabostry Lab of T om orr ow: On a Chip And what they have made possible International Training and Outreach to Next Generation: Science Exhibitions, Fairs, Festivals and Accelerator Science Masterclasses Global Network of Collaborations in Accelerator Science and Technology JLab High Gradient CERN KEK CESR DESY/TESLA TU Darmstadt JLab Delhi Nuclear LANL Science Center (Inter-University Accelerator Center) FNAL MSU ANL Peking University From World Wide Web to the Grid to Cancer Therapy to Defensive Imaging to Gravimeters to Energy Sources!!! SNS BNL Australian National CEA INFN Legnaro INFN Milan University Orsay CEA Saclay INFN Genoa Particle Accelerators: Beaming into Matter and Life as the Enabling Science and Technology Evolving Humanity Fundamentals solutions understanding for society our place in the universe and the planet Skills and Core Collaboration Competencies universities, industry, technology and facilities national facilities, other nations .
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