Newsroom Training: Where's the Investment?

Home , Haynes Johnson, Jonathan Tasini, Nancy Hicks Maynard, Poynter Institute, Sreenath Sreenivasan, The Fresno Bee

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DILBERT reprinted with permission of United Feature Syndicate Inc.

Newsroom Training: Where’s the Investment? is a Princeton Survey Public Radio News Directors Inc. Research Associates project, cosponsored by the Council of Presi- Radio-Television News Directors Association dents of National Journalism Organizations and the John S. and Radio-Television News Directors Foundation Table of Contents James L. Knight Foundation. Religion Newswriters Association Society for News Design The Council of Presidents – Ted Gest, chair; Melinda Voss, vice Society of American Business Editors and Writers Introduction ...... 4 chair – presented the survey in April 2002 at the annual conference Society of Environmental Journalists of the American Society of Newspaper Editors in Washington, D.C. Society of Professional Journalists The findings were simultaneously released at the Radio-Television South Asian Journalists Association Newsroom Training: News Directors convention in Las Vegas. Where’s the Investment? ...... 8 Newsroom Training: Where’s the Investment? was funded by the John The council includes representatives from the following groups: S. and James L. Knight Foundation. It was written by consulting editor Beverly Kees, University of Maryland Knight Chair in Journal- American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors ism Haynes Johnson, and the staff of Princeton Survey Research Twelve Key Survey Findings. . . . 19 American Copy Editors Society Associates; edited by Eric Newton and designed by Jacques Auger American Society of Magazine Editors Design Associates, Miami Beach, Fla. Special thanks to Diane st American Society of Newspaper Editors McFarlin, Caesar Andrews, Ted Gest, Larry Hugick, John Bare, Yves News and the 21 Asian American Journalists Association Colon, Larry Meyer, Caroline Wingate, Tanya Nieto and Mimi Century: A Winding Road Associated Press Managing Editors Chacin. Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Leads to Training ...... 44 Association for Women Journalists Knight Foundation’s Journalism Advisory Committee members are: Association of Capitol Reporters & Editors Sandra Mims Rowe (chair), editor, The Oregonian; John L. Dotson Association of Health Care Journalists Jr., retired publisher, The Akron Beacon Journal; Merrill Brown, Editors/News Executives Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass Communication senior vice president, RealNetworks; Barbara Cochran, president, College Media Advisers Radio-TV News Directors Association; Nancy Hicks Maynard, presi- Questionnaire...... 60 Criminal Justice Journalists dent, Maynard Partners Inc.; Rich Oppel, editor, Austin American Education Writers Association Statesman; James V. Risser, retired director, John S. Knight Fellow- Inter American Press Association ships for Professional Journalists, Stanford University; and James News Staffers Questionnaire . . . . 70 International Women’s Media Foundation D. Spaniolo, dean, Michigan State University College of Communi- Investigative Reporters and Editors cations Arts and Sciences. Journalism and Women Symposium Methodological Report ...... 78 Journalism Education Association Copyright © 2002 by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation National Association of Black Journalists National Association of Hispanic Journalists All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Training Organizations, National Association of Minority Media Executives Conventions. Published in the United States by Knight Foundation, National Association of Science Writers Miami, Florida, Larry Meyer, Vice President of Communications; Fellowships and Web National Conference of Editorial Writers Penelope McPhee, Vice President and Chief Program Officer; and National Federation of Press Women Inc. Hodding Carter III, President and CEO. More information about Information Sources...... 88 National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association Knight Foundation is available at www.knightfdn.org. Survey results National Press Foundation can be found on line by typing “newsroom training survey” in the National Press Photographers Association Nelson search engine at www.Poynter.org. To request copies of this Throughout this volume: Quotes and Native American Journalists Association book, contact [email protected]. notes from advocates of professional Online News Association Organization of News Ombudsmen ISBN 0–615–12248–5 development for journalists. . . . 4 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . . . 5 . . . 5 . . . 5 . . . 5 . . . 5 . . . 5 . . . 5 . . .

‘I didn’t inherit a newspaper. I inherited an The idea behind the survey – sponsored opportunity.’ by the Council of Presidents of National — John S. Knight, Journalism Organizations and the John S. American editor and and James L. Knight Foundation – was publisher (1894-1981) to ﬁnd out what had changed since 1993, when The Freedom Forum encouraged new newsroom training nationwide with its own study of the needs of journalists, No Train, No Gain.

‘Freedom is nothing but an opportunity to This volume’s consulting writer and edi- be better.’ tor is Beverly Kees, former Fresno Bee — Albert Camus, executive editor and co-founder of a French author and national network of newsroom trainers. philosopher (1913-1960) As Kees is fond of saying, what we found in 2002 is a news industry “inch- ing toward greatness, but still below average.” According to the data, though he largest newspaper in Florida – more journalists today get midcareer the St. Petersburg Times, circula- training than got it a decade ago, the T tion 313,000 daily and 397,000 glass is still more than two-thirds empty. Sunday – is owned by a nonprofit organization. Not just any nonprofit, a nonprofit Common sense says more will be done. media school, The Poynter Institute. It definitely should be. Journalists face an ever more complex world. They The St. Pete Times has done well enough need more training just to stay in place, financially to send more than $55 million to let alone catch up. But who will lead Poynter to help train journalists nationwide, this next wave of professional develop- and put many millions more back into the ment, and when, and where, and how? newspaper’s products and its people. The Associated Press is doing more – “circumstances demand it,” says Presi- Make you want to take another look at dent and CEO Louis Boccardi. The the power of professional development? New York Times Co. is doing more, swapping staffers between big and If you do, this is the reference book for you. small papers in the group. So are folks at places like The Oregonian, Cox Newsroom Training: Where’s the Invest- Academy, Community Newspaper ment? is based on the biggest survey on Holdings Inc., and the Southern News- the subject of journalism training ever paper Publishers Association. done in the United States, and the first to cover all media. Under the direction of Though heartening, these efforts don’t Princeton Survey Research Associates, by themselves deal with the fact that 1,964 news executives and news staffers most American journalists feel ill- were interviewed by phone between Jan- equipped to cover the complexities of uary and March of 2002. the modern world. Though welcome, . . . 6 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . . . 7 . . . 7 . . . 7 . . . 7 . . . 7 . . . 7 . . . 7 . . .

The goal is to improve market share in these initiatives are not enough to cover higher standards can be set by an elite Lack of professional challenge is a key rea- a down economy. Part of that is training the estimated 85,000 journalists – cadre of well-trained journalists, let son cited by journalists of color for leaving people to do a better job. some seven in 10 – who say they get no alone a handful of individual stars, newsrooms, says a study commissioned regular training. Though substantial, though they can lead the way. by the American Society of Newspaper — Andy Barnes these efforts can’t be portrayed as a $100 Editors and funded by The Freedom Forum. President, CEO, billion-a-year industry taking ownership Accordingly, we join The Council of The study came after an ASNE survey Chairman and Editor of its own professional development. Presidents, a coalition of 40 organiza- found the number of journalists of color St. Petersburg Times tions spanning the news community, in working at daily newspapers fell from The “credibility of journalism in recent the hope and expectation that it will 11.85 percent to 11.64 percent in 2000. In a survey of 401 journalists commis- years has been under attack, in part help the news industry embrace more “We can’t pretend that we don’t know why sioned by the Foundation for American because inaccurate or incomplete stories fully the cause of professional training. journalists of color are leaving the industry Communications, a nonprofit journalism have been rushed into print or onto the That, we are convinced, is a clear way in large numbers. If the industry can imple- education organization, most say they’re airwaves,” writes Ted Gest, president of to journalism excellence. ment an aggressive strategy to reverse the poorly prepared to cover the most the Council of Presidents of National disturbing pattern, I think we will finally see significant issues facing the country. “At a Journalism Organizations. “Better train- —Eric Newton, progress,” said Jackie Greene, president of time when the media have been under ing of journalists can help remedy at Director of UNITY: Journalists of Color Inc., an alliance increased scrutiny by the institutions it least some of those shortcomings.” Journalism Initiatives, of minority journalist associations repre- covers … this survey shows that journalists John S. and James L. senting 7,000 journalists of color. themselves believe they need to do a better In 2002, Knight Foundation will invest Knight Foundation, and more thorough job of covering the at least $11 million in the training and Miami, Fla., — News item news,” said FACS president John E. Cox Jr. education of journalists. Our programs September 2002 help teach good journalists what they — News item need to know to set higher standards for their own work, and, at times, within their newsrooms. Professional groups, universities and nonprofits are all play- ing increased and significant roles in this effort. Such can be the genesis of many a truth pursued, many a citizen informed, many a wrong righted, many a community and democracy served.

Even so, in this hydra-headed Informa- tion Age, with news and information sources proliferating, it’s doubtful that . . . 8 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . . . 9 . . . 9 . . . 9 . . . 9 . . . 9 . . . 9 . . . 9 . . .

s the world changes daily, tech- of Professional Journalists. “Complica- nologically advanced companies tions in what we cover and how we do A are investing in more employee our jobs can make people feel they need training as a way to increase quality, more help.” retention, even profit. Here are some of the major findings “The focus … on developing people, in from the PSRA training survey: the light of the knowledge economy, is the key to competitive advantage,” states ➢ The nation’s journalists say a lack of the American Society for Training and training is their No. 1 source of job Development. “There is a new world of dissatisfaction, ahead of pay and learning emerging – one that links peo- benefits; ple, learning and performance – and a ➢ More than two-thirds of them receive new community growing around it.” no regular skills training; ➢ News companies overall have not Curiously, news companies are excep- increased their training budgets in tions to this trend, lagging behind other the past decade; knowledge-based companies and gener- ➢ News executives admit they should ally failing to meet professional devel- provide more training for their opment needs. As one newsroom train- employees, but say time and ing editor put it, training in the news insufficient budgets are the main rea- business “is still too often thought of as sons they don’t. an isolated frill.” The professional development situation That attitude is reflected in this book, worsened after Sept. 11, 2001, when ter- which reports the largest-ever survey of rorist attacks on the United States newsroom training, funded by the John forced news companies to spend sub- S. and James L. Knight Foundation and stantially on coverage. Within months, conducted by Princeton Survey managers were looking for ways to cut Research Associates on behalf of the costs. “There is a mind-set [that]when Council of Presidents of National Jour- budgets are tight, marketing and train- nalism Organizations. ing are the first to go,” says Bob Giles, curator of the Nieman Foundation. The survey describes myriad ways in which the news industry is not yet a The pinch has been felt throughout the full-fledged citizen of the “new world of news community. “We used to get 120 learning.” And, experts suggest, the people for seminars. Now we get 30 or large number of undertrained journalists 40,” said David B. Gray, executive is bad not only for the commercial director, Society for News Design. future of the news industry, but for our “We’re getting more and more requests society’s understanding of the world. – ‘Why can’t you come to our shop and put on a daylong seminar so we don’t “The world is getting exponentially have to pay travel costs?’ ” more complicated,” says Al Cross, immediate past president of the Society . . . 10 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 11 . . . 11 . . . 11 . . . 11 . . . 11 . . . 11 . . .

The ability to learn, and of those who know At the same time, Melinda Voss, execu- What other industries do The standard benchmark for comparing how to convert that learning into practice tive director of the Association of training is percentage of payroll. About 90 (performance), creates extraordinary value Health Care Journalists, hears constant- A study of 367 nonjournalism compa- of our Impact Study for the Readership for individuals, teams and organizations. ly from journalists “who are calling out nies by the American Society for Train- Institute papers also participated in Inland’s for help in covering these complex and ing and Development says those firms annual Cost & Revenue Survey, and an Smart organizations recognize that a learn- critical issues. They don’t understand managed to accomplish a training examination by circulation groupings ing and performance plan is as much a statistics. They don’t know how to inter- increase of 10 percent between 2000 and shows that the average newspaper indus- strategic tool as a marketing or finance pret medical research. They want more 2001, despite the economic recession. try expenditure on formal training (as plan and that it should get the same kind of help understanding how things such as opposed to informal, on-the-job learning) is tough love from the top: insistence on Medicaid and Medicare work. On average, these companies offered 23.5 0.7 percent of payroll. The industry range – results and full support if it can deliver. hours of training per employee in 2000, a from 0.3 percent to 2.5 percent – does not “It seems to me that it is more important figure that would appear excessive to a seem to have any pattern regarding size of The focus of our profession on developing than ever that we as journalists really recession-pinched news manager. newspaper. people, in the light of the knowledge econ- know how to do our jobs right, because so omy, is the key to competitive advantage. many critical policy decisions are being On average, American companies spent (By comparison, the national average of made that affect everyone. The ability to an average of 2 percent of payroll on ALL tracked companies in 1999 was 1.8 There is a new world of learning emerging properly report medical studies and sur- training. News industry figures, though percent of payroll and in 2000 was 2 per- – one that links people, learning and per- vey research and the ability to interpret sketchy, may be half that. cent of payroll. While the ASTD doesn’t formance – and a new community grow- statistics are all a part of doing the job have a formal recommended standard on ing around it. right. We owe it to our audiences.” The ASTD also says training helps the training budgets, the National Association bottom line. A second report showed that of Manufacturers does. It recently said —From the American Yet the ephemeral nature of the ever- 575 U.S.-based, publicly traded compa- firms should spend 3 percent of payroll on Society for Training and changing $100 billion-a-year business nies that ranked high in training had training. Workforce magazine has said a Development Manifesto of news works against the idea of sys- much higher total shareholder return general guideline for true learning organiza- tematic, organized professional develop- (TSR) than those ranking lower. “Firms tions is to spend 3-6 percent.) ment. That psychology is described by in the top half had a TSR that was 86 Michael Roberts, training editor at The percent higher than firms in the bottom ASTD has done studies confirming that Cincinnati Enquirer, as “yeah, yeah, half, and 45 percent higher than the mar- companies that spend 3 percent of payroll that’s fine, now let’s do the real work.” ket average,” said the study, Profiting on training do achieve exemplary financial From Learning: Do Firms’ Investments results, while adding that big budgets don’t “I don’t think the problem will ever get in Education and Training Pay Off? ensure success and that such companies resolved until corporate leaders and usually combine training with smart people publishers make training a part of Fortune magazine would agree that practices in general. strengthening their franchise,” says training pays off. Fortune’s Feb. 4, Giles, former Detroit News editor and 2002, list of “The 100 Best Companies — Richard Somerville, author of Newsroom Management. “If to Work For,” compiled by A Great Research Associate news organizations would invest Place to Work Institute Inc., based in People & Management significantly more in training, they San Francisco, shows that every compa- Practices would reduce their turnover significant- ny in the top 10 does a good job training Readership Institute/Media ly. Training would lead to higher levels its people: Management Center of satisfaction. I don’t know why they Northwestern University don’t make that connection.” . . . 12 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 13 . . . 13 . . . 13 . . . 13 . . . 13 . . . 13 . . .

“Best” company hours of training per ple. A lot of people cite that as why they The economic horizon looks brighter today than with other organizations on training. As a first year per employee: stay with their companies. And two, it did this time last year. The recession is lifting step, we are joining with APME to bring together productivity. It’s a very important com- and, after 9-11, the public’s reliance on newspa- umbrella journalist organizations and training 1. Edward Jones, St. Louis, ponent of productivity.” pers is revitalized. … But recovery shouldn’t be institutions for a broader discussion of the indus- stockbroker 132 taken lightly. There is much to be reconciled and try’s training needs and how we can work 2. Container Store, Dallas, If a company eliminates training to rehabilitated in the wake of cutbacks in the together to meet them. retailer of boxes 162 kick up quarterly profits, that’s “short- nation’s newsrooms. 3. SAS Institute, Cary, N.C., term thinking,” Levering said. “You This society’s role, it seems to me, is simple: It software 32 should begin to think about hiring Now that the dust has settled, we have 2,000 is to help every member raise the level of our 4. TD Industries, Dallas, machines instead of people. Training is fewer journalists covering our communities, journalism across the board, making it more rel- construction 32 not a part of short-term anything. It’s a while the debate over the appropriate measures evant and empowering to the public. It is, after 5. Synovus Financial, Columbus, long-term action.” of profit and public service rages on. Our chal- all, the public – not boards of directors, Wall Ga., bank 52 lenge now is to derive lessons from the trauma Street analysts or investors – who decide 6. Xilinx, San Jose, Calif., Great companies to work for also hap- of the last year or so and devise a brighter future whether we flourish. We must do everything we computer chip maker 90 pen to be great companies to invest in. – one that acknowledges the need to change can to make a difference in the lives of our citi- 7. Plante & Moran, Southfield, Noshua Watson reported in the May 27, without losing touch with our fundamental val- zens and our communities. Mich., accounting 60 2002, Fortune that stockholders who ues. Like my predecessors, I’ve picked a theme 8. Qualcomm, San Diego, had invested in the “Best Companies” to focus our efforts in the coming year. That — Excerpt from address by telecom 21 equally every year since 1998 would theme is “Sharing a Passion for Journalism.” Diane McFarlin as she assumed 9. Alton & Bird, Atlanta, have earned 18.2 percent annually, presidency of the American law firm 40 compared to the S&P 500’s 5.7 percent The pre-eminence of our journalism – journalism Society of Newspaper Editors 10. Baptist Health Care, annual return over the same period. of the highest quality – should inform every con- April 2002 Pensacola, Fla., hospital 55 Writes Watson: “Happy companies versation we have, whether it’s about the impor- make happy investments in part tance of diversity in our newsrooms, the ration- Fortune’s 10 best companies to work for because they use their resources – peo- ale for convergence or the financial bottom line. average 67.6 hours of training per year ple – wisely.” Adds Frank Russell COO There should be little doubt that long-term finan- per employee. The PSRA survey in this Craig Ueland: “In a service economy, it cial success results from quality journalism and book suggests that only 10 percent of may be increasingly true that what’s quality journalism results from an unerring belief the nation’s news executives would good for employee morale also may be on the part of the editor and publisher and CEO even consider allowing a staff member good for the shareholder.” that what we sell is credibility. that much training. ASNE conventions have always stoked my pas- Robert Levering, co-founder of A Great A move to ask news companies sion for this business. Every time I leave this Place to Work Institute Inc., says profes- to do more revival meeting, I go home with a renewed sional development is singled out sense of purpose. But the convention happens because “employees tell us it’s very As they strive for ambitious profit goals, only once a year. Then we go back to our day important to them.” Levering has con- executives of many publicly traded jobs and the conversation ends. We can’t let the sidered training to be a key element news companies have, in this past year, light flicker. It’s our duty to keep it burning one since 1984, when he and Milton cut or frozen professional development. day to the next, to keep the passion alive Moskowitz developed the framework Says Ted Gest, chair of the Council of throughout the year. for the book The 100 Best Companies to Presidents of National Journalism Orga- Work for in America. nizations and president of Criminal Jus- Training is also at the top of the agenda. We will tice Journalists: “Training and travel be doing training for newsroom leaders in the Why do good companies train? “First,” budgets often have taken a back seat.” areas of readership, retention, credibility and FOI Levering says, “retention of good peo- [freedom of information]. We hope to collaborate . . . 14 . . . 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There is ample literature that pegs the It’s difficult to know exactly why so Among the recommendations: within the industry. … It should work replacement (just the replacement) cost for a many corporate leaders in the news within larger frameworks of performance professional at 1-2.5 times annual compen- industry are doing what they are doing Leaders need to lead. Editors and mid- management, career development and sation. Editors can do the math themselves: (or not doing) with training. Nowhere dle managers must see themselves as organizational development.” In other are news industry training facts and teachers and acquire the skills for that words, professional development is part of Advertising cost figures regularly collected. Rarely do role. They train the people who provide a company’s regular operations, reflected Recruiting cost corporate training policies get an airing. the content. They need to be trained as in its strategic plans, job descriptions and Travel for all candidates (In Europe, for example, the policies get trainers and coaches. annual employee reviews. Hotel for all candidates public debate because, among other Meals for all candidates things, some labor contracts require two Move the middle. Some news organiza- House-hunting trip for winner weeks training a year.) tions already are creating “learning The beginnings of a movement Moving costs newsrooms.” Some never will. Most are Orientation time Leaders of national journalism organi- in the middle, where they now do a little For the optimists, there is some good Time to interview candidates, review zations reacted to the training cuts of training and could do more. news in all this. True, there is not nearly resumes, etc. 2002 by uniting to call for increased enough newsroom training going on, but Overtime while position is open newsroom training, saying there is too Tailor plans. Newsrooms should be there is more going on today than there much at stake for companies to throw able to call on experts (such as the used to be. Compare the 1993 Freedom Look at it this way: If the cost of replacing the journalists in and let them “sink or Committee of Concerned Journalists, Forum study No Train, No Gain to this a professional journalist is $50,000 apiece swim” on their own. the Poynter Institute, American Press year’s Newsroom Training: Where’s the and you’re losing 10 a year, that costs Institute, the Maynard Institute and oth- Investment? and you see that where one $500,000. If you can slow down your attri- After the preliminary release of News- ers) to help them develop training pro- in 10 journalists said they got regular tion rate just one person – 10 percent – room Training: Where’s the Investment? grams specific to their individual news- training a decade ago, that figure is now you save $50,000 per year. If people say 24 news and training leaders gathered room needs and goals. closer to three in 10. So those who their top gripe is lack of training, spend June 1, 2002, at The Atlanta Journal- claim that today’s journalists are the $25,000 to train them and they’ll stay Constitution to talk about the problems Measure impact. There needs to be a best-educated and trained in history are longer. You’ll come out ahead. the study described. multiyear, empirically based project to absolutely right. Still ill-equipped to measure the impact of newsroom training cover the complexity of modern life, but — Joe Grimm They included Caesar Andrews of Asso- internally and externally. better equipped than before. Recruiting and ciated Press Managing Editors; Diane Development Editor McFarlin and Doug Clifton of American “Training editors and newsroom supervi- Another piece of good news is why the Detroit Free Press Society of Newspaper Editors; Barbara sors have to get better at marketing the demand for training is growing. In the Cochran, Radio-Television News Direc- results they get from training,” said Rene 1970s, it was a coin flip as to whether tors Association; John Kimball, News- Kaluza, who doubles as day city editor journalists had college degrees, but by paper Association of America; and and training editor for the St. Cloud 1992, the figure was eight in 10 and Melinda Voss, Council of Presidents of (Minn.) Times. “We don’t say, ‘Gee, that growing. It’s that better education that National Journalism Organizations. “well done” we got … is because of train- has given journalists a thirst for contin- ing.’ That’s what corporate is looking for ued learning. During a professional’s The group formed a smaller task force, – a return on investment. … We just have career, University of Georgia Professor headed by Ed Jones of APME, to organ- to work harder at it and convince the cor- Lee B. Becker notes, there might be ize a nationwide call for increased porate side to give people like me the six or even more stages and that each newsroom training. time to figure out what we need in train- involves finding a way to get the right ing to get what we want in the end.” kind of training. “A person seeking midcareer training is doing so at a point Said The Cincinnati Enquirer’s Roberts: where such training would be most like- “Newsroom training has not matured ly to yield the greatest rewards to her or . . . 16 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 17 . . . 17 . . . 17 . . . 17 . . . 17 . . . 17 . . .

“Training is a key tool in our newsroom not him and when her or his mind-set or Quality news organizations, including American recessionary periods always have only for recruiting, but for retention. We emphasis is on self-improvement,” write most of the nation’s largest newspapers, brought these cutbacks in newspaper train- have set very high goals for excelling in our Becker and colleague Tudor Vlad. “… know that training is important. Some of ing budgets, and the end of a recession reporting, writing and presentation, and we Such a desire for self-improvement is them are increasing their training budg- always has brought renewed funding for can’t meet those goals if we don’t train often associated with major changes in ets. It would be safe to say that many of personnel development. In API’s 56-year folks and give them tools to meet our one’s life. … The main reasons have to the executives at quality news compa- history, we’ve seen this reflected time after expectations,” says Maria De Varenne, do with finding meaningful work and a nies agree with Society of Professional time: When the economy is strong, atten- managing editor of The Press-Enterprise in job that fits the individual’s values.” Journalists President Al Cross when he dance in our seminars is robust. When Riverside, Calif. reminds them “training is a good way to there’s a recession, attendance slumps. Foundations have long helped educate meet your public responsibilities.” The newspaper does everything from journalists. Early efforts included the Quality news organizations probably With newsprint prices scheduled to rise brown-bag seminars to full ticket trips to independent, free-form, yearlong midca- would agree with Dori J. Maynard, pres- and with the economy still in the dump- the nation’s best trainers. Among other reer programs such as the Nieman fel- ident of Maynard Institute for Journal- ster as 2003 approaches, the next year things, she says, “management training is lowships at Harvard and the John S. ism Education, the nation’s leading doesn’t figure to be a great deal better for tied to performance reviews.” Though her Knight fellowships at Stanford, which organization for training journalists of newsroom training budgets. Fortunately, newspaper is a leader, she figures it started because many journalists had lit- color, when she says nearly all of her many newsrooms are being creative these spends “less than 3 percent of payroll on tle or no college experience. Today, graduates are still in the business days in building effective in-house pro- training – far too little.” most new programs are topic-based, because “there is a direct and undeniable grams that utilize the expertise of home- helping journalists understand complex link between training and retention.” town experts (judges, doctors, university Her advice for news managers new to subject areas, though they are still sup- professors and so forth) to build staff training: “Start with in-house programs ported primarily by the nonprofit sector, Unfortunately, this study’s authors cal- knowledge about specific topics related to where you can train dozens instead of not by the industry itself. culate that the quality news organiza- ongoing news events. sending one person to a specialty seminar. tions – those with a high commitment to You’ll be surprised how many experts you By the 1990s, however, No Train, No training – make up no more than 24 per- These learning experiences are low in cost, have on your staff. Senior reporters can Gain showed that the need for training cent of the total. build internal expertise, and show employ- lead sessions on CAR [computer-assisted among journalists was almost universal, ees that newsroom leadership is dedicated reporting], interviewing techniques and far greater than what the relatively mod- The others, including great numbers in to building a learning organization, even in engaging ledes. A senior copy editor can est foundation efforts could meet. Dur- the broadcast industry, do not yet see bad times. Newsrooms that don’t have lead a session on headline writing, while a ing that decade, an ad hoc group of that training is a path toward, not away such programs need to get on the stick. graphics editor can lead a session on lay- newsrooms started its own informal from, business goals of job satisfaction, Limited, low-cost, homegrown training is, outs that work.” national training movement. I was fortu- staff retention and company profits. after all, far superior to no training at all. nate enough to see some of that, as the coordinator of this first coalition of They are the ones who will need to be — William L. Winter, Ph.D. newsroom training editors. In eight convinced if news companies are ever President & Executive Director years, I saw the group grow from a few to give training priority status, track its American Press Institute dozen to more than 200. They still meet, expenses, and set a goal of reaching the via cyberspace, and annually at the national average for professional devel- Poynter Institute in Florida. Because of opment of 2 percent of payroll. their work, and the efforts of editors seeking excellence across the country, I see that even without budget increases The companies that can and do these dedicated folks have helped regular newsroom training inch upward. Sprinkled throughout this essay and this book are sidebars featuring the stories and comments of news people who . . . 18 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 19 . . . 19 . . . 19 . . . 19 . . . 19 . . . 19 . . .

believe in training. They include stories agement Center at Northwestern Univer- from great national newspapers like The sity and API in Reston, Va. New York Times and great regional newspapers like The Oregonian. But Reed’s mostly small newspapers have not training is not something that should be followed the trend to cut training when limited to big newspapers or even to profits go down. “It’s shortsighted to do newspapers. that,” he says. “We can’t cut the things that have an impact that can be felt by the com- The Associated Press, for example, has munity. We can’t cut anything to jeopard- increased professional development. ize the quality and mission of that paper.” Despite the obvious constraints of being the world’s largest news service, one con- Beverly Kees, consulting editor for stantly on deadline, The AP has added Newsroom Training: Where’s the training even during the down economy. Investment?, is the former executive “We do a lot more of it,” said President editor of The Fresno Bee and former and Chief Executive Officer Louis Boc- editor and program director of The cardi. “It’s a necessity. The nature of what Freedom Forum Pacific Coast Center. we’re called on to do every day, what we’re called on to deal with every day, is much more complicated today.”

The old approach of “put someone in the job and glory in the way it unfolded” is much harder to make work in today’s newsroom, Boccardi says. “Sophisticated and complicated” technology and “han- dling people well in contemporary times” are training topics that get a lot of attention, he says, but “we haven’t forgotten bread and butter training.”

Michael E. Reed, president and chief executive ofﬁcer of Community Newspa- per Holdings Inc., also believes now is the time to increase training: “My thought was that, when times are tough, you need your best people performing at their best. Training is the key.”

Community Newspaper Holdings owns 108 daily and 100 weekly newspapers with 8,000 employees. Reed says he spends $2 million a year to train and educate “as many people as we can.” The company partners with the Media Man- . . . 20 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 21 . . . 21 . . . 21 . . . 21 . . . 21 . . . 21 . . .

1 Training shortages concern journalists

Professional development hits so many right One working journalists in three is dis- Staff Job Ratings spots, it’s amazing there’s not more of it. satisﬁed with the opportunities for train- Employees know it’s an investment in their ing and professional development now 100 future. It’s care and feeding of their talent. available at work. Complaints about It’s one sign of commitment to quality. The training are more prevalent in newsrooms 90 survey seems to be saying that absence of today than the perennial sources of training communicates the opposite. employee discontent such as salary and 80 chances for promotion. The typical news — Caesar Andrews, staff member who took part in this survey 70 Editor, Gannett News Service, is a veteran journalist who has worked for President, Associated Press three or more news organizations. While 60 Managing Editors generally satisﬁed with their jobs overall, they see parts that could be improved and 50

put training at the top of the list. The % Dissatisfied 40 news staffers most likely to feel frustrated 34% over inadequate training include those 27% 30 24% employed by local media in smaller markets and older women journalists. 20 15% 11% 10 6%

0 Training or Pay and Benefits Promotion Influencing Job Security Contributing to Professional Work-Life Society Development Decisions

Dissatisfied with Job Opportunities for...... 22 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 23 . . . 23 . . . 23 . . . 23 . . . 23 . . . 23 . . .

2 Executives agree more training is needed

If news organizations would invest More than eight in 10 news staff mem- Executives: Here’s Who Needs Training signiﬁcantly more in training, they would bers feel a need for more training and reduce their turnover signiﬁcantly. Train- professional development than they are 100 ing would lead to higher levels of satis- now getting. And their bosses agree that 90% 89% 89% faction. I don’t know why they don’t make current training is less than optimal. 88% 87% 90 85% that connection. 84% Roughly nine in 10 news executives 80% acknowledge that all kinds of staff mem- 80 — Bob Giles, curator, bers – including news managers, assign- Nieman Fellowships ment desk editors, copy editors, produc- 70 ers, artists, general assignment reporters,

beat reporters and photographers – would 60 54% 54% 54% 54% 52% 52% beneﬁt from more training. 50 47% 41% Journalists differ on which of the three 40 broad categories – skills training, beat training or training in journalism ethics, 30 values and legal issues – is their No. 1 % Would Benefit from More Training priority. The speciﬁc types of skills train- 20 ing most in demand are in writing, editing, news judgment and computer-assist- 10 ed reporting. In terms of beat training, 0 business/economics and government/pol- News Assignment Producers Copy Editors Graphics, Photographers, General Beat Managers Desk Editors Layout, Photojournalists Assigment Reporters itics are most desired. Design Reporters Personnel

Types of Staffers

A lot/Somewhat A lot . . . 24 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 25 . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . 25 . . . 25 . . .

3 Execs say budgets are a big problem …

I would like to see corporations state ‘we News executives most often cite Staff Training Spending Limits will invest X percent of our budget in insufﬁcient budget as the major obstacle (Maximum Spending Per Staffer Per Year) training.’ Just doing that elevates it on the to their delivering the kind of staff train- list. Corporations are in a position to ing they would like. Eight in 10 say lack beneﬁt long term by keeping their people of money limits training. Most news 17% in the corporation. executives say that the maximum amount they can afford to spend per year 34% — Al Cross, Immediate to train a typical news staff member is Past President, $500. Ten percent admit they now spend Society of Professional nothing on training. The average news 9% Journalists organization commits just 1 percent or less of their news budget for training. Only the national media tend to have larger training budgets. Training budgets 11% are lowest at local radio stations, where one in three spends nothing.

29%

Under $300 $300-500 $500-1,000 $1,000 or more Don't know . . . 26 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 27 . . . 27 . . . 27 . . . 27 . . . 27 . . . 27 . . .

4 … but so is lack of time

If executives could budget for the time It’s not just money, it’s time as well. Two Staff Training Time Allowance spent on training and put a premium on in three news executives say the amount (Maximum Days Per Staffer Per Year) training, it’s not very expensive for the proof time they can allow staffers to be gram itself. The problem is getting people away from their jobs limits training. On to recognize that it’s worth letting a staff average, four or ﬁve days a year is the 17% member off for a week. most time they feel they can reasonably allow. The national media and local radio — Andy Barnes, are at opposite extremes on the time 38% President, CEO, issue, as they are on training budgets. Chairman and Editor, Four in 10 national media executives say St. Petersburg Times their staffers can take off more than a month at a time, if necessary, for train- 21% ing. But the large majority of local radio news directors say they can’t let employees leave for more than a few days. 4% 20%

2 days or fewer 3 days 4-5 days More than 5 days Don't know . . . 28 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 29 . . . 29 . . . 29 . . . 29 . . . 29 . . . 29 . . .

5 Training demand greatly exceeds supply

It is more important than ever that we as Demand for training by news staff mem- Supply and Demand: The Training Staffers Get, Want journalists really know how to do our jobs bers signiﬁcantly outpaces what their right … but it’s hit or miss in terms of who employer provides in all three major cat- 100 gets training and the training they get. egories of training activities. The gap is widest for beat coverage areas, where 51 90 — Melinda Voss, percent think it is very important to have Executive Director, training, but only 14 percent say it is 80 Association of Health being provided, a difference of 37 per- 72% Care Journalists centage points. For journalism ethics and 70 values training, the gap is 32 points (72 58% vs. 39 percent). For journalism skills, the 60 gap is 28 points (58 vs. 30 percent). 51% % Staff Nearly half of news staffers say they 50 don’t get training in any of the three 39% 40 broad categories – not in skills, not in 30% beats, and not in ethics and values. 30 News executives’ reports about the train- 20 14% ing programs in place at their organizations suggest that more training is going 10 on than staffers’ reports would indicate. Apparently, then, even when training 0 Journalism Skills Content or Beat Areas Ethics, Values and Legal Issues exists, it does not always reach the staff members who need it.

Supply (currently provided with training)

Demand (say training very important) . . . 30 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 31 . . . 31 . . . 31 . . . 31 . . . 31 . . . 31 . . .

6 Training gap is widest in TV newsrooms

Quality of news, especially local news, is at The gap between supply and demand for Supply and Demand for Training stake. Training in a variety of areas could training is widest for journalists By Local TV Staffers help address the perceptions of declining employed by local TV stations. In partic- quality among all our publics. ular, local TV efforts in ethics/values training and beat coverage training are 100 —Rosalind Stark, found to be seriously lacking by staffers. 90 Executive Director, There is a 48-point gap between the 81 81% Radio-Television News percent of local TV staff members who 80 Directors Foundation think it is very important for them to have training in journalism ethics/values 70 67% and the 33 percent who say they are get-

ting it. There is a 41-point gap between 60 54% the 54 percent of local TV staff members who think beat training is very important 50 and the 13 percent who are getting it.

% Local TV Staff 40 33% Local radio staffers are next on the list as 29% 30 a group where the supply of training now provided falls well short of the demand. 20 In local radio, the gap is widest for skills 13% training and ethics/values training. 10

0 Journalism Skills Content or Beat Areas Ethics, Values and Legal Issues

Supply (currently provided with training)

Demand (say training very important) . . . 32 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 33 . . . 33 . . . 33 . . . 33 . . . 33 . . . 33 . . .

7 Higher training budgets? Not for most

The ﬂoor dropped out … a year and a half Despite the consensus that more training Size of Training Budget vs. 10 Years Ago ago. Travel and training funds clearly were is needed, news executives’ reports sug- slashed across the board, although there gest no clear trend toward higher training 15% is still the same recognition of the need budgets. Instead, they present a mixed for training. We’re still doing a lot of train- picture – 30 percent say spending has 30% ing, but often reporters are paying for the increased over the past 10 years, 25 per- training themselves. cent say spending is down, and another 30 percent say it is about the same. (Just — Brant Houston, to keep up with inﬂation, budgets should Executive Director, have doubled.) The pattern varies by type Investigative Reporters of organization. The national media stand and Editors out as most likely to have increased 30% budgets. Local newspapers are slightly more likely to have raised training budgets than to have cut back. But local TV and radio are headed in the opposite 25% direction, with more saying they’ve trimmed budgets than added training.

Just over a third (36 percent) of all news Higher executives say their training budget has Lower Same been cut to some extent since the terrorist Don't Know attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. The cuts disproportionately affected those most likely to do signiﬁcant amounts of training – 48 percent of the national media, 47 percent of the top 100 daily newspapers, and 43 percent of the news organizations with a staff size of 100 or more report post-Sept. 11 budget cuts. . . . 34 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 35 . . . 35 . . . 35 . . . 35 . . . 35 . . . 35 . . .

8 Training coordinators: ‘The elite few’

In most but not all businesses, most peo- Most news organizations don’t have any- Coordinator Impact on Training Effectiveness By Area ple believe that if you put out a better one on staff assigned to develop and product, you’ll be successful. … All it schedule editorial training activities. takes is leadership believing it’s important Only an elite few (less than one in 10) 100 and giving somebody responsibility for have people in the job devoting all or 90 making it happen. most of their time to it. Top 100 daily newspapers are the one type of media 80 — Bruce DeSilva, where training coordinators are the norm. News/Features Editor, About two-thirds of news executives in 70 The Associated Press larger dailies say they have someone on staff to coordinate training, and four in 60 57% 10 say the amount of time this person 50 46% spends on the job has increased in the 43% past ﬁve years. 39% 40% % Very Effective 40 37% Training coordinators seem to make a 30 difference. News executives whose organizations have them are more 20 pleased with the effectiveness of training programs, particularly in beat coverage 10 areas and ethics/values training. 0 Journalism Skills Content or Beat Areas Ethics, Values and Legal Issues

Have Training Coordinator

Don't Have Training Coordinator . . . 36 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 37 . . . 37 . . . 37 . . . 37 . . . 37 . . . 37 . . .

9 Training in Journalism Skills Basic skills training is 100 90 more frequent 80 66% 65% 64% 70 62% 62% 58% 57% 55% % 60

46% There’s been a huge frustration in the past Training in basic journalism skills is 50 44% 38% year. We hear their complaints that there is most likely to be offered on a weekly or 40 33% 31% 32% 32% 32% 30% 29% 29% 30% 26%26% 30 23% 24% no budget for training. monthly basis. One in three news execu- 21% tives reports that training in reporting 20 17% 10 10% — Debra Mason, and writing is provided weekly or 1%3% 3% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 0 Executive Director, monthly. One in three broadcast news Reporting Graphics Storytelling Photography Writing Producing Editing News Computer- Judgment Assisted Religion Newswriters executives says training in producing is Reporting Association made available weekly or monthly. But Availability/Frequency in Journalism Skills Areas

training in beat coverage areas, ethics, Total who offer training Weekly/Monthly values and legal issues are generally Once or twice a year Less often scheduled only few times a year, at most.

Training in Top Beat Coverage Areas and Journalism Issues

100 90 80 71% 70 58%

% 60 50 40 28% 26% 30 25% 24% 22% 18% 17% 16% 16% 20 14% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 6% 10 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0 Journalism Ethics, Government and Courts and Police Education Diversity Business and Values and Politics Economics Legal Issues

Availability/Frequency in Beat Coverage Areas and Journalism Issues

Total who offer training Weekly/Monthly Once or twice a year Less often . . . 38 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 39 . . . 39 . . . 39 . . . 39 . . . 39 . . . 39 . . .

10 Most training is done in-house

Almost more than any other profession, Journalist training – whether in journal- Sites for Journalist Training By Area journalism depends on intellectually versa- ism skills, beat coverage areas, or ethics tile practitioners – people skilled in the and values – is primarily done in-house. 100 immediate tasks of the craft, to be sure, But outside training programs are more but also fluent in the purposes and function popular with staff members. In all three 90 of civil society. Such nimbleness of mind categories of training, staffers who most- and technique can only be achieved – with ly use outside programs find them more 80 quality journalism as its result – through a useful than those who rely on in-house 70% process of continuous learning. sources. Based on executives’ reports, 70 outside programs are most commonly 61% 59% — Carroll D. Stevens, used for training in certain beat coverage 60 Associate Dean and Director, areas, including business, education, Knight Foundation Fellowship government and politics, court and % Executives 50 for Journalists in Law police, and health and medicine. 40 Yale Law School While not quite as impressed with out- 27% 30 24% side programs as their staffers, news 17% executives generally find outside training 20 16% to be at least as effective as what they do 12% 12% in house. In fact, executives rate outside 10 training in beat coverage areas as superi- or to what they do on their own. 0 Journalism Skills Content/Beat Ethics, Values Areas and Legal Issues

In-house Combination Outside programs . . . 40 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 41 . . . 41 . . . 41 . . . 41 . . . 41 . . . 41 . . .

11 Execs favor quicker, less costly training

We launched Oregonian University at a News executives try to minimize costs Executive Use & Interest in Various Training Forums staff meeting in January. We wanted and time away from the job in their something comprehensive and coordinat- choices about outside training forums 100 ed, tied to newsroom goals. For example, they have used or would seriously con- 90 we wanted to improve our profiles so we sider using. In other words, most favor 80 75% 72% 70% created a training session on profile writ- inexpensive training delivered close to 70 66% ing. Later in the year we’ll be doing trend 57% 57% 55% home. Besides written materials and on- 60 52% stories. … Training helps define the site instruction, programs sponsored by 50 47% 48%

newsroom culture. state, local or regional press associations 40 32% 29% 31% 30 23% 24% are most popular with the bosses. Top 20% 20% 22% % Executives 19% 17% — George Rede, additions to news executives’ wish lists 20 14% 13% Director of Recruiting for new training are distance-learning 10 0 and Training, programs and seminars at local journal- Guides or In-house or Regional Regional National Web sites National Nonprofit Seminar by On-line Yearlong Other Written Outside Workshop Conference Conference or Listservs Workshop Training Journalism Distance- University The Oregonian ism schools. Most bosses give their news Materials Consultants or Seminar or Seminar Center School Learning Fellowship Program organizations A or B grades when it

comes to training. Used Last Year Would Seriously Consider Using . . . 42 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 43 . . . 43 . . . 43 . . . 43 . . . 43 . . . 43 . . .

12 Staffers favor longer, off-site training

Reporters are afraid to leave their jobs for News staffers’ priorities for training are Staff Use & Interest in Various Training Forums training. They get no support. German, quite different from those of their bosses. Japanese and French reporters almost They are more inclined to ask for train- always get their salaries paid and often get ing that would require signiﬁcant time 100 90 extra stipends. They list the training in their away from their job and travel to a dis- 80 resumes as awards and honors. They get tant location. At the top of staffers’ wish 70 support from their editors. In the United lists for the kind of training they would 60 52% 49% States, reporters mostly have to take per- like, but aren’t now getting, are instruc- 50 42% 40% 40% 41% % Staff 38% sonal time for training and usually get no 34% 34% tion at nonproﬁt training centers like The 40 31% 33% medical insurance from their employers on Poynter Institute and yearlong university 30 27% 27% 20% 20% 19% 18% 20 13% 13% long fellowships. scholarships. Most staff members give 9% 10 5% their news organization a grade of C, D 1% 0 — Whayne Dillehay, or F for how they do on training. In-house or Guides or Web sites Regional Regional National National Nonprofit Seminar by On-line Yearlong Outside Other Written or Listservs Conference Workshop Workshop Conference Training Journalism Distance- University Vice President, Consultants Materials or Seminar or Seminar Center School Learning Fellowship Program International Center

for Journalists Used Last Year Would Seriously Consider Using . . . 44 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 45 . . . 45 . . . 45 . . . 45 . . . 45 . . . 45 . . .

speak as a proud member of the Old But let it also be said that fulfilling this Media – specifically, of the print media, promise requires the news business to Iand in my case as a second-generation change fundamentally. newspaperman and writer of books who has also spent much time over past We are entering an era in which the prac- decades crossing the line from print to the tice of journalism is rapidly becoming electronic fields of television and radio. more accessible to the masses than at any time in human history. With the new abil- While that may qualify me as being ity to reach an almost infinite global audi- among a rapidly vanishing species, I ence, inseparably linked as never before, write now because I passionately reject journalism finds itself with the potential the forecasts about the demise of print to become more essential, and more and even more of the news business. At influential, than ever. best, they’re premature. At worst, they’re wrong. Not that they are entirely fanciful It is not a dying news business we are or improbable. The negative views wide- witnessing but an expanding one. In the ly held and loudly expressed among end, the news business is the information news business leaders reflect a prevailing business, and in the new millennium of sense of apprehension about their future, both stunning technological change and a future made even more uncertain as sobering new challenges the demand for they face the greatest changes and chal- information instantly and accurately lenges in journalistic history. As a result, delivered almost certainly will be greater. we in the press find ourselves collective- The package in which that information ly wailing and writhing: Nobody loves arrives is irrelevant. It’s the content of the us. Nobody reads us. Nobody watches news being delivered to the public that us. Gloom and doom. Horrors, it’s over. will count most. And therein lies the EXTRA! Death of the Press! problem, and the challenge.

Well, hardly. On the contrary, I believe For the news business, the challenge is there’s never been a better, or more need- nothing less than to redefine our role, our ed, time for bright young people to mission, and our standards. Perhaps most become journalists in whatever new – or important, it is to redefine news itself. old – news form they choose to practice. What kinds of news, what types of sto- Naysayers to the contrary, I also believe ries, will tomorrow’s citizens most want we have today the best educated, most to receive? What stories will people think sophisticated press corps in our history, most relevant to their lives? How should filled with talented people, many of the news business respond to its multiple whom are doing superlative work in all new challenges, and in what journalistic forms of journalism: newspapers, maga- form will it be delivered? zines, television, radio and, yes, even on the World Wide Web. They and their suc- With all this in mind, I will offer here an cessors have opportunities to carry the agenda for the new news business – in state of journalism to new heights of dis- effect, what can best serve the public as tinguished public service. news for the new millennium. . . . 46 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 47 . . . 47 . . . 47 . . . 47 . . . 47 . . . 47 . . .

But first some candor about the current These mergers alone are already changing more closely linked than ever, when What a difference a year makes. Terrorism condition of the news business is in order. the nature of the news business; even in “globalization” means not a slogan but a and an economic slump have changed No agenda for the news business of an era of impeccable corporate ethics reality, when economic, social and politi- everything. My hottest speaking topic for tomorrow can have much value unless the they would raise profound questions cal events abroad directly and powerfully 2000 (and the first half of 2001) was how present state of journalism is examined about the independence and the integrity affect those at home, foreign correspon- to attract and retain employees. Today, and analyzed for its strengths and – most of the press. As traditional general news dence is sharply cut back, if not entirely organizations are announcing layoffs, the critically – its weaknesses. Only then can outlets shrink, with stunning takeovers eliminated, by most daily newspapers and dot-com threat is largely over, and tradi- corrective steps be suggested to address occurring even among some of the most TV networks. tional companies have regained their problems that exist. So herewith one vet- powerful and profitable century-old power. Virtually no one is concerned about eran journalist’s critique of his business as newspaper companies such as the Chica- Other troubling trends never seem to recruitment, and retention has taken a back it warily proceeds, even while being pro- go Tribune and the Los Angeles Times, leave us – a great focus on scandal and seat to the bottom-line business issues. pelled with warp speed, into its promising smaller new media segments presenting celebrity; a “gotcha” philosophy of inves- yet daunting interactive electronic future. topics of specialized information prolifer- tigative reporting run amok; loose stan- Big mistake! The lessons learned about ate. One result is a fragmentation of the dards in mainstream publications about how to engage and motivate talented peo- broad national audience that the national accuracy, gossip, rumor, plagiarism, pri- ple are powerful and important, especially A veteran’s critique newspapers and major TV networks used vacy, fact-checking, using multiple in a declining economy where we desper- to reach. That obviously raises the ques- sources, breaking confidences. ately need innovative ideas. And remember There can be no doubt that increasing tion of how well the news business will that the market operates in cycles. When numbers of Americans view the perform- be able to provide the kind of essential The examples are numerous. In recent the upswing begins, organizations must be ance of the news media not just with information necessary for citizens to be years, they have been occurring with dis- ready to take advantage of it. That means misgiving, but with deepening distrust informed about vital national issues tressing frequency: they need to know how to hold onto their and even disgust. affecting everyone’s life. Even more seri- best people. ous is the prospect that the new colossal One national study of media trends, by True, public confidence in news surged media conglomerates, representing as the Committee of Concerned Journalists, — Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D. after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, they do massive entertainment entities shows that in the 20-year period from Speaker, Consultant, Author but then faded just as abruptly as budgets more than news outfits, will accelerate 1977 to 1997, coverage of hard news Kinsey Consulting Services and the news reports they reflect returned what already exists as a major trend: the dropped significantly in daily newspa- to business as usual. further blurring of the line between news pers, major magazines and national TV and entertainment, with entertainment news programs. At the same time, a cor- The evidence is all around us. You can values already in the ascendancy and rap- responding increase occurred in the num- hardly pick up any national survey, or idly becoming even more dominant. ber of soft news stories presented. The read any journal of opinion, without greatest change involves coverage of finding dismal news of how the public Major general-circulation newspapers are celebrity and lifestyle news, which more views the news media – or how journal- already adopting the techniques of adver- than doubled in 20 years. Analysis of ists critically view themselves as they tising and entertainment by using market- what subjects are chosen for the covers of address questions about further blurring research “focus groups” to determine the newsmagazines is revealing. In 1977, of standards, disturbing new evidence of what readers like about the newspaper— for instance, nearly a third of all Time and widespread ethical conflicts of interest, and what they want more of. By “giving Newsweek covers portrayed political and diminishing audiences. the public what it wants,” the likelihood figures. Twenty years later that figure increases that important news could be dropped to only one in 10 covers. The That critical attitude exists not only either ignored or shortchanged in the gen- percentage of covers devoted to national among print reporters but across the elec- eral circulation news media. This already issues dropped by a third over that period tronic spectrum as well where markets is happening – certainly before Sept. 11, while the percentage of covers featuring and outlets are changing profoundly amid 2001, but even now – in many interna- celebrities increased by the same amount. the greatest wave of communications tional news reports. When the world is mergers in history. . . . 48 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 49 . . . 49 . . . 49 . . . 49 . . . 49 . . . 49 . . .

I do believe news executives dramatically Gossip columnists like the feckless, if not hours, and grinding pace, the payoff was this decline, those in a position to hire underestimate the value of training. They clueless, Matt Drudge, the rat-a-tat-tat high: deference, entitlement, the buzz of and promote still believe in the arcane see it as a reward of an individual vs. an Walter Winchell imitator, are on the rise, recognition, the glory of it all. Readers night cops/hazing process.” opportunity to improve one’s whole news- most notably in electronic journalistic grumbled but they paid attention.” paper/TV/Internet site. They don’t under- outlets. They offer daily doses of unsub- But it was her concluding thought that stand the culture that an active training stantiated scandalous details, with repeat- That was the way it was. Now, here’s struck me most forcefully. “There is one program creates and what it says about ed dark allusions to alleged corruption the way it is: “These are different days. more factor that makes my eventual the value a company has in its employees. and immorality of prominent public The newspaper person today is just one departure from the newspaper business figures, especially political figures. more harried molecule in the maligned even more certain, a factor that affects me One very frightening trend I’ve been hear- Media Horde. Newspapers are old news, above all the others combined: outside of ing about across the country is the push Let it be acknowledged that the problems byte-sized cogs in giant information my journalism friends, no one I know towards corporate “compatibility.” For confronting the press as the old millenni- conglomerates.” reads the paper. My sister, an elementary instance, if one division of a company is um gave way to the new are not all of school art teacher, refuses to read the able to secure underwriting for staff train- recent origin. For at least a generation, In Stepp’s view, this condition leaves paper. It’s boring, she says. Ditto for my ing, while another division hasn’t, the exec- public attitudes toward the press have newspaper people with “the gnawing brother, a CPA, and my little sister, a col- utive only sees that one division is spend- been turning increasingly negative. Take feeling that the spotlight has moved on lege junior, and my boyfriend, an attor- ing money on training and the other isn’t. the newspaper business, my first and still forever. The result: Angst and anxiety are ney. Among my generation, not only is I’m afraid they would rather have no train- greatest love, journalistically speaking. pandemic across American newsrooms, the newspaper no longer the comfortable, ing than have to deal with the inequities Evidence abounds of deep concern over as newspaper people collectively sense necessary routine it once was, it has mor- within the company. It’s far easier to say, the fate of newspapers, both within and the end of an era.” phed into some horrible, tedious chore.” “In 2002, there will be no money spent on without the industry. outside training” versus “The reason this Speaking more personally, I would add division is still sending staff for training is Much as I dislike acknowledging it, I find the following disturbing example. The reality of decline that they were smarter in their budgeting.” the critical remarks of two admired colleagues squarely on target. Howard Kurtz, One of the brightest graduate students I You can dismiss her complaints as deriv- — Gail Bulfin media critic of The Washington Post, have had during my two years as holder ing either from youthful innocence or Training Editor/Reader Editor probably the most respected and influen- of the Knight Chair at Maryland ex- from inexperience, but you can’t ignore Sun-Sentinel, tial practitioner of that genre, writes: pressed what I fear is a not untypical atti- her larger point. The newspaper audience Fort Lauderdale, Fla. “There is a deep fear, even at the biggest tude about a newspaper career. She had is declining. papers, that much of the audience has been enamored of newspapers and tuned out, leaving us writing for a small, believed they offered a “perfect fit” for At century’s end, for example, daily cir- self-important elite.” Kurtz adds: “Why her professional aspirations. “So why at culation of newspapers was about where worry about saving what many see as an 22 years old and preparing to take my it was in 1950, while the national popula- obnoxious, negative, parasitic business? first job at a wonderful newspaper [The tion had increased by more than a third. Who truly likes newspapers anyway?” Washington Post], am I already planning More troubling, increasing numbers of my second and third careers?” she wrote younger Americans are not reading any Carl Sessions Stepp, my colleague at the for a survey course paper I assigned stu- newspapers daily, or watching any net- University of Maryland’s College of dents. “The truth is, the newspaper busi- work newscasts regularly. Among adults, Journalism, has also earned a national ness is flawed in ways that are daunting daily newspaper readership plummeted reputation for his thoughtful press criti- to even the most Pollyannaish and ambi- during the last three decades of the centu- cisms and commentaries. Stepp, in words tious of aspiring writers. Circulation is ry from 78 percent in 1970 to 59 percent that surely evoke emotions among all down, advertising pirated by other medi- in 1997, with the erosion continuing at an lovers of newspapers, contrasts the past ums. The system under which the busi- even greater pace since then. At the mil- and present newspaper worlds this way: ness operates dismays many of my talent- lennium, only half of all Americans were “For all the trials of poor pay, lousy ed classmates and me because, despite reading daily newspapers. By 2002, more . . . 50 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 51 . . . 51 . . . 51 . . . 51 . . . 51 . . . 51 . . .

Americans had the Internet at their finger- to broadcast the latest, most sensational the Time” to “All Elián, All the Time.” (O)ne cannot help but notice … that these tips than held newspapers in their hands. news breaks as they happen – and the And if a celebrity won’t create an are difficult times for those involved with more scandalous and lurid the better. As around-the-clock coverage mass media education coverage. The troubling year of Changes in newspaper reading habits can the 24-hour cable TV channels focus ever- spectacle, we just make up one of our 2001 took its toll on education coverage and be explained, in part, by the greater offer- more on the sensational and the scan- own. Enter Reality TV. on the journalists responsible for that cover- ings of the electronic era and a newspaper dalous, the old networks adapt by furnish- age. The year – with its terrorism and wide- product that, with notable exceptions, has ing more of the same in an attempt to hold spread economic decline – impinged on become drab and undistinguished, lack- their declining viewers. The swinging -gates journalism generally, of course, but educa- ing in originality and a sense of urgent tion coverage seems to be the canary in this mission in providing information of most The disgraceful attack talk-radio pro- All this takes place against a generation peculiar mine known as journalism. Lots of relevance to people. And a journalism in grams, with their growing audience and conditioned to expect the worst of the canaries are gasping for breath these days. which too many practitioners strike the increasing influence, at least in affecting rich, powerful and famous, and a press public, fairly or not, as being either aloof, national political attitudes, also power- with a penchant to turn any hints of The problem manifests itself in several arrogant, or out of touch with the lives fully affect the tone of media coverage. wrongdoing into a full-fledged scandal, ways. The relentless emphasis on the bot- most people are leading. With their daily airing of ideological tagging all the political ones with the tom line undermines education coverage. conspiracies and preoccupation with sobriquet, -gate. From Watergate, a gen- Openings are left unfilled. (When was the Network television faces similar prob- scandals, proof never necessary and uine and extensive criminal conspiracy last time the local major league professional lems. Though it can generate huge audi- rarely even a consideration, the talk radio that led to a score of criminal convictions sports team – an entertainment enterprise ences for spectacles and scandals, affect- shows demonstrate the impact, and the of White House aides and top administra- at best – remained without someone ing how people feel about their society, it money, to be made by appealing to the tion officials, including an attorney gener- assigned to cover it?) Staffs are slashed and generates smaller and smaller audiences worst in people. Traditional television, al and a head of the FBI, have flowed a reassigned, reducing the education beat to for its predictable, fixed-in-time nightly especially cable, has followed their lead; succession of supposed scandals in the bare minimum. (How did it come to be news broadcasts. After rising steadily dur- “Tabloid TV” joins attack radio in filling administration after administration: Billy- that the newspaper industry deems itself ing the years of television’s rapid penetra- more of the nation’s airwaves, with gate, Peanutgate, Koreagate, names that entitled to profit margins exceeding by far tion into American homes – 98 percent of “Trash TV” close behind. are today meaningless, but still they most other sectors of the economy?) Adding all households had at least one TV set in came, one after the other, and not only to the troubles, some regional newspapers 1999, while 40 percent of households had Not that American television, that “cul- from the more sensational tabloid jour- slashed spending for education and other three or more – the hours people spent tural wasteland” of conformity, has sud- nals but sadly from the mainstream press beats at the same time that they were send- before the tube stood about where they denly experienced a crisis over its stan- as well. In the Clinton years we had nothing reporters to South Asia, vanity trips to did three decades earlier when the U.S. dards. “Quality” programming always ing less than galloping -gates: Travelgate, bolster prestige and provide little that the population numbered 75 million fewer has been in the minority. As far back as Hairgate, Troopergate, Filegate, White- wires did not make available. people. The average American then spent 1958, Edward R. Murrow, in a celebrated watergate and, of course, Monicagate. 17 hours a week watching television. By speech, warned against the growing trivi- Soon the Bush administration is likely — The Hechinger Institute the end of the Internet Decade of the alization of television. He urged the net- amass its own list, since the one true on Education and the Media 1990s, average weekly viewing time had works to “get up off our fat surpluses and thing you can say about all these -gates 2002 Annual Review actually dropped to 16 hours, 20 minutes. recognize that television … is being used is that they swing both ways. Teachers College, to distract, delude, amuse, and insulate Columbia University None of this comes as a surprise to people us.” I shudder to think what Murrow The scandalmongers have polluted the in the business. They know their viewers would feel about the 24/7 world of the process of the press, and by focusing are affected by a gathering public back- news-soap opera. more and more on the private lives of lash against TV excesses. They also know public officials have diverted coverage that intense competitive pressures among So we reel from O.J. Simpson to from far more significant matters affect- proliferating cable channels scrambling to Princess Di to JonBenét to JFK Jr. and ing the nation’s future. wrest market share from the traditional back to JonBenét again … from “All networks have created increasing demand O.J., All the Time” to “All Monica, All . . . 52 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 53 . . . 53 . . . 53 . . . 53 . . . 53 . . . 53 . . .

Our fellows learn statistics and science the I don’t want to be misunderstood. I am tions has demonstrated. By letting people In the new millennium, the news industry is fun way by helping solve outbreaks with not suggesting that scandal should be everywhere see what is going on else- confronted with one of the greatest chal- “disease detectives” in the field, from New ignored, that investigative reporting does where, the new communications technol- lenges in its history – the intersection of Mexico to Nairobi. They learn to crunch not have its proper place, that public ogy has already changed the course of the technology revolution, fierce competi- numbers, write abstracts and give presen- officials and other people of power history. You can argue, for example, that tion from nontraditional rivals and the tations just as scientists do. The hands-on should not be held accountable and exam- the American military kept the peace dur- merging multimedia marketplace, which is training method works so well that fellows ined most critically and rigorously by the ing the long Cold War period. But you forcing changes in the media landscape are often mistaken for epidemiologists. And media. The problem is not one of pulling cannot argue it was American military and company cultures. when they return to the newsroom, their punches; it is one of perspective and might that brought down the Berlin Wall, confidence shines through; they tackle judgment. In short, it’s a question of or the downfall of the Soviet Union, or — Convergence: Fact or Fiction? tougher projects and lead the field on determining what news is most the opening of China to the Western World Association breaking news. We’re not the only ones significant for most people, and then world. Much of the credit for those of Newspapers who think so – ask their managing editors! delivering it in the most effective and remarkable events must be given to the December 2001 reliable manner. new ability of people, even in the most — Carol Gentry, Director closed and repressive of societies, to see Newspapers have reacted brilliantly to Knight Public Health The means to do that already exist. The and learn how others live, and want to [Sept. 11] events throughout the fall, but Journalism Fellowships technological revolution that has pro- emulate them. The electronic news revo- the story ahead will require more initiation Centers for Disease duced the Internet is radically changing lution enables information to soar literally than reaction. Control and Prevention the delivery of information and will pro- through the ether, beyond all power of ceed to affect the news business even authorities to control or stop it. To tell the stories coming we will need to more dramatically. Today, for the first master the paradoxes of security under time, you can, from your own desktop, Michael Bloomberg, who built a fabu- constitutional law, the intricacies of inter- check a federal database (www.trac.syr.edu) lously successful electronic financial data national banking, the threats of bioterror- with everything from budgets to court news service in the 1990s that became ism, the impossibility of “civil defense” and decisions, or a database indispensable to traders operating in dif- the politics of charity. (www.publicintegrity.org) on “soft- ferent time zones across the globe, sees money” contributions to state political the impact of the new communications We’ll have to step up coverage of govern- parties or one on contributions to federal technology on international events as ment budgeting and administration as races (www.opensecrets.org), or read being irreversible. “It’s hard to see any- states cope with mounting deficits and about a host of recently released public one going back to closed societies,” the declining services. All this will require train- policy documents under the Freedom of New York City mayor tells me. “You ing, not only for the reporters, but for the Information Act (www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/). can’t put the genie back in the bottle. We assigning editors as well. can’t keep others from seeing what’s It is easy to see why many Internet practi- going on. I would argue that the Internet — Newsroom coach tioners view Old Media’s mournful hand- is, for the first time, a communications Edward D. Miller wringing as irrelevant. Look, they will system that has one characteristic differ- The American Editor say, the days of the traditional TV news- ent from all previous ones. That is: the January-February 2002 casts, to say nothing of the traditional average person can spread ideas to lots of newspapers rolling off massive outmoded people, economically, quickly, without printing presses, belong to the past. The any government interference. That is a future – the Internet future – is theirs. Its fundamental difference from anything power to reach and influence people has that’s come before. I’m skeptical now never been equaled, and its greatest peri- that politicians can ever stop you from od of influence is yet to come. Think knowing what other people are saying, what the power of electronic communica- what other people are doing.” . . . 54 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 55 . . . 55 . . . 55 . . . 55 . . . 55 . . . 55 . . .

Newsroom training needs a push from the No doubt he’s right. And the power of Unequivocally, no. Just the reverse. Middle Ages after Mr. Guttenberg invented top, says the president of the Foundation the Internet to bring news instantly into his wondrous printing press and began for American Communications. homes around the globe promises to create Every technological innovation brings printing Bibles. “The greatest threat jour- even more bewildering change, not only with it the common wisdom of the time nalism ever faced was invention of the “The number one thing is to get the CEOs in the news business, but in all of human about how this latest advance will funda- printing press,” Lindstrom wrote then. of the media companies to understand the society. mentally change everything. At times, “Every town crier, every king’s herald, value in lifelong learning,” said John E. Cox reality lives up to hype. Yes, the horse every village gossip thought that he was Jr. “Then they must be willing to invest in In the United States the spread of the new and buggy did disappear; the kerosene out of a job. But the crying and the herald- human capital and not make it the first technology proceeds with astonishing lamp was overtaken; the passenger train ing and the gossiping went right on.” thing they cut from their budgets when rapidity. Consider these facts: By February was eclipsed by airplanes. But most of Prophets of doom, of course, still abound. newsprint prices go up!” 2002, the U.S. Commerce Department the time, the newest technological Dan Okrent, for instance, Time Inc.’s edi- confidently announced that 143 million advance does not signify the dismantling tor of New Media. In 1999, he predicted Cox quotes Nobel Prize winner Dr. Gary Americans – 54 percent of the nation’s of the old. For five hundred years, we’ve “all forms of print, are dead. Finished. Becker, University of Chicago, who noted households – are connected to the Internet. had printed books, and each year the Over …” Okrent even offered a more that $59 billion is spent annually on lifelong Among younger people, the report said, world sells more than the last. detailed time span for that collective learning. “Any modern economy is marked Internet usage is even higher. In other death. “Twenty, 30, at the outside 40 by the amount of money it spends on words, the numbers will continue to rise. Newspapers are another good example. years from now,” he told graduate stu- human capital, rather than physical capital. And as they do, the news business will The advent of radio was heralded as a dents at Columbia University’s famous Today it’s brainpower that counts.” experience even greater changes and death knell for print. Even more definitive School of Journalism, “we will look back challenges. were the funeral orations preached about on the print media the way we look back “You need people who understand writing, print when the Age of Television began on travel by horse and carriage, or by reporting, lighting, production values,” says There is no turning back the clock. The more than half a century ago after World wind-powered ship. …” Cox. “That’s training. But you also need electronic revolution is here, and here to War II. Yet the papers survived and, circu- people to be good thinkers and managers. stay. With the push of a button, stories lation figures notwithstanding, entered That may prove to be so. But, Okrent Today’s journalist must be knowledgeable can now be posted on web sites before their most profitable era. Of course, they added, though the need for newsprint in economics, business, math and science, they can possibly make their way to achieved that fortunate position in no may fade, the need to know will not: law, and even engineering. That requires printing presses or are produced for small part because America rapidly “My colleagues and I did not grow up education in basic academic curriculum. broadcast. On-line operations continue to became a nation of one-newspaper towns, wanting to be in the ink and paper and With this knowledge they will be able to sprout everywhere; the traditional news with the surviving ones enjoying the staples business; we wanted to be in – tell people what information means.” business is spending millions upon mil- power and profits generated by their we are in – the business of words and lions to create popular on-line services. monopoly status. Yet (at least of this writ- sentences and pictures and ideas. Don’t Cox points to Ford Motor Co. as an exam- A few years ago, most newspapers didn’t ing) the newspaper remains uniquely local worry about the future of newspapers or ple of “outstanding work” with distance have web sites. Today, it’s almost impos- and universally portable. magazines or books any more than you learning, teaching hundreds of students at sible to find one that doesn’t have a site. would worry about corrugated boxes or a time, but also developing the ability to Much more will be committed in years to shrink-wrap. They are containers; the respond to individual questions and con- come as the technology continues to Age-old predictions substance resides elsewhere.” cerns raised in e-mail and on-screen sig- improve, and more and more people are nals, he said. “Media leaders,” he says, brought into the electronically linked net- Sometimes, the bold historical predictions Exactly. And journalistically the sub- “need to be more willing to look at how work. turned out not only to be wrong, but ludi- stance for the Age of the Internet as for other institutions make themselves more crous. Thus, two generations ago, at a time the Age of Print, or Radio or Television, productive. … Without investment in There, they will have – and already are when American newspaper people were has changed not at all. It is timeless. human capital, they will fail.” having – immediate access to the broadest wringing their hands over the dire threat of Unless the new technologies actually accumulation of sheer information ever television, the American editor and scholar, change human nature, the human hunger available. Does that, therefore, signal the Carl E. Lindstrom, pointed out the gloomy to know what’s new, what’s important, end of the news business as we know it? forecasts of half a millennia ago during the what’s vital, what’s interesting, what’s . . . 56 . . . 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happening will not abate. If anything, when reporting on politics and govern- of conflicting, complicated information In tough economic times, newsrooms can the desire for information rises in propor- ment, allowing itself to remain entrapped that daily descends upon the populace. still afford training. “We’ve focused on tion to the complexity of the period; in the old familiar game of gauging and what it takes to be a great regional paper, unquestionably, the new millennium, guessing who will win, not exploring Already the public is subjected to a what will we do to make sure we’re getting whatever it brings, will present the most what the consequences might be for the bewildering barrage of information, a better even though our resources are being complicated range of issues humans country and for individual citizens. It still veritable overload of miscellaneous facts reduced. We’re putting more into in-house have yet faced. lets itself be driven by polls at the and figures to which they are told they training,” said Editor Sandra Mims Rowe of expense of original reporting – should pay attention but cannot. The Oregonian in Portland. Which brings me to those promised and worse, mishandling the very polls thoughts about what the new news busi- that so dominate much coverage. It still In the new millennium, the role of the The Oregonian has a recruiting and training ness will have to offer people in order not pretends to know more than it does and news business will increasingly be to director, George Rede, in addition to nation- only to survive, but to be a more yet report less than it sees and hears. It become the essential public source for ally known writing coach Jack Hart. The significant factor in the human story. still numbers too many in the business accurate, analytical information, the place paper’s training program, Oregonian Uni- who act as if they are superior to those on where people turn to sort out fact from versity, covers writing and reporting; The primary task is not to devise a jour- whom they report. It still forgets the les- fiction, the meaningful from the meaning- coaching and editing; leadership and man- nalistic formula that people can agree son the great Scotty Reston used to try to less. In doing so, journalism will have to agement; technical skills; community- defines the “new” news. The most urgent teach reporters: Beware of making the do a better job of determining how essen- based cultural learning and general-interest task is to take steps to remedy what’s deadline but missing the point. tial that information is to people, and then topics. Rowe calls it “part of a long-term wrong with the old ways of delivering the provide it in ways that makes it relevant pattern of looking at what we need to do to news. The problem is not failure to adapt The most urgent challenge facing the and understandable. get better.” new technology; the problem is to shed news business is not how to use the the stultifying mind-sets and ways of remarkable new technology. New tech- Only well-trained journalists can do Rede’s advice to news executives: thinking into which the news business has nology, no matter how remarkable, is not these things. fallen. Our journalism is not in trouble a panacea for the problems of the news 1. Make it a priority. If top management because it has failed to move rapidly business. The Internet is merely a tool, no I suggest there are three general areas of never makes the commitment to it, enough into the cyberspace world. It is in more, no less. The greatest challenge for news that are already affecting people chances are it will not get done. trouble because of the way it has been the news business is to restore public trust profoundly and are destined to have ever- 2. Ask your staff what they need. Your performing in gathering, assessing and in the profession of journalism. That greater impact in the future. people have great ideas, and they delivering the news. requires taking back the business from appreciate the attention. the celebrity-seekers, the scandalmongers The first involves the revolution in sci- 3. Be creative. Don’t let anyone go out for American journalism, on the cusp of the and the market research gurus. It means ence, technology and medicine that is training unless they do a brown-bag new millennia, finds itself hampered by insisting on setting the highest ethical and rapidly, fatefully changing life on the session when they get back. Bring in too many bad old habits: It still displays professional standards for those who are planet. Here are the great stories for today journalists who are in your area – on the “insider” perspective that is the con- privileged to practice serious journalism. and tomorrow. Genetic engineering, with book tours, for example. Look to your tinuing bane of today’s journalism – a It means investing not just in new tech- its prospect of extending life by decades, community for resources. tone and focus that leaves millions of nology but in greater training for the jour- but with what consequence and at what ordinary citizens feeling they have been nalists of tomorrow. cost? Spurring those extraordinary excluded from the conversation. It still advances is the prospect that diseases that relies too much on the official wisdom, have afflicted humans throughout history still operates in a climate of negative The essential public source – cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes among sound bites and spin doctors without ade- them – will be banished. But this is not a quately challenging their misleading Journalists need to know much more than risk-free proposition. It means that the arguments, false analogies, and outright how best to use that technology; they Earth’s present population of more than falsehoods. It still displays the same old must be far better educated in order to six billion will increase dramatically, pos- herd mentality and “horse race” addiction make sense for the public out of the mass ing a host of other societal problems, . . . 58 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 59 . . . 59 . . . 59 . . . 59 . . . 59 . . . 59 . . .

We’re a training ground for larger papers, among them how the mass of people will relaying the unintelligible jargon too There’s no need to bemoan the death of and that’s an obligation in itself. We had a be adequately housed, fed and clothed. At often employed by government officials the news business – or urge the need to day-and-a-half training for every editor to the same time there are alarms about the and academics, but reporting in ways that invent some new form of journalism to go over the findings of the Newspaper spread of new diseases, questions about bring to vivid life the entire range of deal with the cyberspace world of our Readership Institute research … eight ses- the Earth’s environment, and specifically activities that most affect most people. ever-more-interconnected future. We sions in seven cities. … We had editorial the very real – or so say distinguished sci- That means shining a journalistic light on don’t need new forms. We need to go training for every publisher. … Training entists – threat of global warming. Then the worlds that exist outside of every back to basics. And the basics are that goes not only to effectiveness and suc- there’s the exploding world of the elec- newsroom and government pressroom: journalism is an art form, maybe the most cess, it goes to the culture of the company tronic and computer technology that both the have-and-have-not worlds; the chang- difficult of the arts because it takes place and the individual newspaper. brings people closer together than ever ing nature of race and gender; the rapidly amidst the most intense daily pressures, before and yet also tends to separate and changing demographic nature of the Unit- with insufficient time to determine the — Vickey Williams isolate them. The new linkage, wonderful ed States – a revolution in itself – in entire truth amid so many conflicting Editorial Director though it is, also raises the most serious which whites are moving toward minority complexities. Community Newspaper kinds of questions about invasion of pri- status and the composition of the country Holdings Inc. vacy, about potential abuses of power is evolving before our very eyes. We don’t need a New Journalism or a from those who control the technology. Millennial Journalism to forge our future. We need to employ the best of the old, This will require reporters and editors What news is made of wedded to the new delivery techniques of trained to understand the complicated sci- the present, to fulfill our role. entific/technological/medical terminology, In sum, I mean reporting far more cre- and then be able to explain and present it atively, and regularly, on health care; on That role was, and remains, the same: to clearly and concisely in ways that people entitlements; on environmental degrada- reconnect the ever-more disconnected can understand its relevance to them. tion and global warming; on the revolu- strands of contemporary American life tions of science, health and technology that are leaving more and more groups Under the second broad general area of that are changing life as never before, removed from each other; to provide seri- news, I would place economic news – but presenting grave risks as well as great ous solid information that helps people not just the obvious up-and-down track- promise; on the have-and-have-not socie- form reasoned judgments on what course ing of the markets and the recounting of ty in which we, and far more the world, they want their elected officials to pursue; daily or weekly winners and losers. Far exist; on the blocs of economic power to tell the story of the people around us so more important is an understanding of expanding almost daily into vast con- that others can understand the stresses and how the economic currents are flowing, glomerates; on the often-fragile fabric pressures of the times – and to tell it mem- in which direction and why, and with that forms our society and world. orably, with style and grace, with perspec- what possible consequences. Increasingly tive and context and meaning, in a way important to analyze and understand is This is what news is made of, the real that touches the core of the people reading the impact of the growing concentration stuff of journalism, far more significant or watching our reporting. of great blocs of power through the great- than anyone’s 15 minutes of scandal, est wave of global mergers ever. They are celebrity or fame. Finally, it is to pursue our jobs with an creating new entities reshaping the basic appreciation of our own shortcomings. economic and social structures of the Are we in the press doing as well as we We have, as they say, a need for more nation and the world, and directly affect- should in making sense of all this? Of modesty, because we have much to be ing lives literally everywhere. course not. Are we doing better than we modest about. used to? Of course. Should we be doing The third general grouping I place under better than we are? Even to raise that Haynes Johnson is the Knight Chair in the heading of reporting on society. By question is to answer it. Journalism in Public Policy at the Uni- that I do not mean reporting by simply versity of Maryland’s Philip Merrill College of Journalism. . . . 60 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 61 . . . 61 . . . 61 . . . 61 . . . 61 . . . 61 . . .

ollowing are the questions asked of 1) The amount of money your editors and news executives from news budget allows for training FJan. 3 to March 12, 2001. 2) The amount of time you can allow staffers to be away from Q.1 To begin, what letter grade would their jobs for training you give your news organization 3) Difficulty finding an in-house for its overall performance in pro- person to develop and coordi- viding journalist training and pro- nate training fessional development for your 4) The availability of good outside news staff? (“A” means excellent, training programs “B” good, “C” average, “D” poor and “F” means fail.) Q.4 Is someone at your organization now formally assigned to develop Q.2 Please tell me how much, if at all, and schedule staff training and pro- each of the following limits your fessional development activities? news organization’s ability to provide your news staff with the kind Q.5 [Asked if organization had a train- of training and professional devel- ing coordinator.] How much of this opment you would like. person’s time is spent dealing with staff training? a. The amount of money your news budget allows for train- 1) All of their time ing 2) Most of their time b. The amount of time you can 3) About half allow staffers to be away from 5) At least a quarter their jobs for training 4) Less than a quarter of their time c. Difficulty finding an in-house person to develop and coordi- Q.6 As far as you know, does this per- nate training son devote more time or less time d. The availability of good out- to training than the person in this side training programs same job five years ago – or about the same amount? Does this limit your ability to provide the kind of training you Q.7 As best you can recall, for the last would like a lot, somewhat, only a fiscal year your organization com- little, or not at all? pleted, about what percent of your news budget was actually spent for Q.3 [Asked of respondents who training and professional develop- answered “a lot” to two or more ment of news staff? items in Question 2.] Which one of the following does most to Q.8 Now thinking about your training limit staff training? budget for the current fiscal year, how much, if at all, has it been cut since Sept. 11 due to costs associated with terrorism-related coverage? . . . 62 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 63 . . . 63 . . . 63 . . . 63 . . . 63 . . . 63 . . .

1) A lot not too effective, or not at all Do you think they would benefit a The greatest challenge facing the newspa- 2) Somewhat effective? lot, somewhat, only a little, or not per industry … is finding good people, 3) Only a little at all (from additional training or developing them, retaining them and keep- 4) Not at all? Q.13 Whether or not your organization professional development)? ing them happy. Nowhere is that challenge is able to provide any training, greater – or more important – than in the Q.9 Regardless of the impact of Sept. please tell me how important you Q.15 For each group you think would ranks of newsroom middle management. 11, is your organization now think it is for your news staff to benefit from more training, please spending a higher or a lower per- have regular training in each of the tell me in which area you think These women and men are the workhorses centage of your news budget for following areas. they would benefit most. who make the assignments, direct the cov- training and professional develop- erage and see that the paper comes out ment than it did 10 years ago – or Is it very important, somewhat a. News managers every day. They are entrusted with the care about the same percentage? important, not too important, or not b. Assignment desk editors and feeding of the rest of the staff – all at all important (for them to have c. Producers those reporters, photographers, copy edi- Q.10 We’re interested in whether or not regular training in this area)? d. Copy editors tors, designers and artists – who also need you provide news staff members e. Graphics, layout or design per- to be recruited, developed and kept happy. with any regular training or pro- a. Journalism skills such as writ- sonnel fessional development activities in ing, reporting, producing, story- f. Photographers or photojournal- — Sharon L. Peters, Ph.D. three broad areas. In answering, telling or graphic design ists Northwestern University please think about both in-house b. Content or beat areas, such as g. General assignment reporters Media Management Center training and outside training – politics, business, or health h. Beat reporters including sending staffers to work- c. Journalism ethics, values, and shops, conferences or seminars. legal issues, such as privacy, libel Would they benefit most from law and the First Amendment more training in journalism skills, First, do you now provide any content or beat areas, or journalism kind of regular training in… Q.14 As I read you some different groups ethics, values and legal issues? on your news staff, please tell me a. Journalism skills, such as writ- how much, if at all, you think each Q.16 When you think about content or ing, reporting, producing, would benefit from additional train- beat coverage areas where your story-telling or graphic design ing or professional development. news staff would benefit from b. Content or beat areas, such as more training, what specific area politics, business, or health a. News managers first comes to mind? c. Journalism ethics, values and b. Assignment desk editors legal issues, such as privacy, c. Producers [asked only of broad- Q.17 Now I’m going to read you some libel law and the First Amend- cast journalists] specific areas for journalist train- ment d. Copy editors [asked only of ing and professional development. print journalists] Please tell me whether or not your Q.11 [Asked for each “yes” response in e. Graphics, layout or design per- organization now provides any Question 10.] Is training in this sonnel [asked only of print regular training for staff in each area mostly done in-house, or journalists] one. through outside training programs? f. Photographers or photojournalists [asked only of nonradio a. Writing Q.12 [Asked for each “yes” response in journalists] b. Editing Question 10.] In general, do you g. General assignment reporters c. Reporting think staff training in this area is h. Beat reporters d. Computer-assisted reporting very effective, somewhat effective, . . . 64 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 65 . . . 65 . . . 65 . . . 65 . . . 65 . . . 65 . . .

(When there are layoffs) training is even e. News judgment and decision- weekly, monthly, at least twice a Q.26 As I read you some different train- more important than before, because making year, once a year, or less than ing forums, please tell me which of when you have fewer people, each one f. Producing [asked only of once a year? these – if any – your organization becomes more important. Each inch of broadcast journalists] or staff used for training or profes- space is more precious and needs to be g. Storytelling [asked only of Q.21 [Asked if training is provided in sional development last year – that used wisely. Invest in teaching your peo- broadcast journalists] ethics/values/legal issues.] You is, in 2001. ple to work smarter. h. Photography or photojournal- mentioned earlier that your organi- ism [asked only of nonradio zation provides some staff training a. A national conference of a jour- — Bonnie Bolden journalists] or professional development in nalism organization Manager of Recruiting i. Graphics, layout, or design journalism ethics, values or legal b. A regional conference of a jour- and Development [asked only of print journalists] issues. Is training in this area made nalism organization Akron Beacon Journal available weekly, monthly, at least c. A national workshop or seminar Q.18 [Asked for each “yes” response in twice a year, once a year, or less by a journalism organization The 10 steps to creating a learning organi- Question 17.] Is training in this than once a year? d. A regional workshop or seminar zation are: area made available weekly, by a journalism organization monthly, at least twice a year, once Q.22 [Asked if any training is provided.] e. A seminar by a journalism 1. Assess your learning culture. a year, or less than once a year? Now please think about all the school 2. Promote the positive. training and professional develop- f. A yearlong university fellow- 3. Make the workplace safe for thinking. Q.19 [Asked if training is provided in ment activities your organization ship to explore larger issues 4. Reward risk-taking. the beat/content areas.] Next, as I now provides for your news staff, and ideas 5. Help people become resources for each read you some specific content or both in-house and through outside g. In-house or outside consultants other. beat coverage areas, please tell me programs. Are news staff members speaking in your newsroom or 6. Put learning power to work. whether or not your organization expected to attend these training at your organization’s head- 7. Map out the vision. now provides any regular training sessions mostly on their own time, quarters 8. Bring the vision to life. for staff in each one. or mostly on company time? h. A nonprofit training center such 9. Connect the systems. a. Arts and entertainment as the American Press Institute 10. Get the show on the road. b. Business and economics Q.23 Are your news staff members or Poynter Institute c. Courts and police required to attend certain training or i. An on-line distance learning —Peter Kline and d. Diversity professional development sessions, program Bernard Saunders e. Education or is attendance always voluntary? j. Guides or other written materi- Ten Steps to a f. Environment als from journalism organiza- Learning Organization g. Government and politics Q.24 How much influence do your news tions or schools Great Ocean Publishers h. Health and medicine staff members now have over deci- k. Web sites or listservs of jour- Inc., 1998 i. International or foreign affairs sions about their own training? nalism organizations j. The media k. Military and defense 1) A lot of influence Q.27 [Asked if no forum was used.] l. Numbers and statistics 2) Some influence Keeping in mind your training m. Polls and surveys 3) Not much influence needs and budget limitations, n. Religion 4) No influence at all which of the following training o. Science and technology forums, if any, would you seriously p. Sports Q.25 Is your organization’s staff training consider using for staff training or q. Urban affairs part of a larger training effort professional development in the developed by a parent company or future? Q.20 [Asked in response to each “yes” group ownership? response in Question 19.] Is training in this area made available . . . 66 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 67 . . . 67 . . . 67 . . . 67 . . . 67 . . . 67 . . .

a. A national conference of a jour- Q.29 Different types of training take dif- l. Knight Foundation’s weeklong Editors met at the Poynter Institute in Feb- nalism organization ferent lengths of time. What’s the seminar programs ruary 2002 to discuss how to keep the best b. A regional conference of a jour- longest you can reasonably allow a m. Other college- or university- and brightest staff members. Here are nalism organization typical staff member to be away based programs some of the resulting training tips, reported c. A national workshop or seminar from work to attend training? by former Sacramento Bee editor Gregory by a journalism organization Q.33 [Asked if staffers were sent to any Favre of Poynter’s leadership and manage- d. A regional workshop or seminar 1) A day or less sessions mentioned in Question ment faculty: by a journalism organization 2) A few days 32.] Based on your experience, e. A seminar by a journalism 3) Up to a week please tell me how would you rate 1. Invest in your people. Look for people school 4) Up to a month each of the following groups as a who want to spend their lifetime learn- f. A yearlong university fellow- 5) More than a month resource for journalist training. ing and growing and then help them. ship to explore larger issues 6) Whatever time is necessary 2. New editors often have little or no train- and ideas Are they one of the best (resources ing in editing or management. They g. In-house or outside consultants Q.30 In general, what day of the week for journalist training), above aver- need both and in large amounts. speaking in your newsroom or is best for scheduling staff train- age, average, or below average? 3. Ask yourself: Who coaches the editors? at your organization’s heading sessions? 4. Grow good editors. The mid-level editors quarters a. American Press Institute have the best potential to inﬂuence the h. A nonproﬁt training center such Q.32 Please tell me whether or not your b. The Poynter Institute work, growth and outlook of staffers. as the American Press Institute organization has ever sent news c. Investigative Reporters and 5. Too many newsrooms let cultural or Poynter Institute staff members to training or profes- Editors divides between disciplines separate i. An on-line distance learning sional development sessions offered d. Foundation for American Com- people who should be working together. program by each of the following groups. munications When that happens, mediocrity results j. Guides or other written materi- e. The Freedom Forum and talented people grow discouraged. als from journalism organiza- a. American Press Institute f. Radio-Television News Directors 6. Look at new career paths. Not everyone tions or schools b. The Poynter Institute Association and Foundation has to get his or her ticket punched in k. Web sites or listservs of jour- c. Investigative Reporters and g. Society of Professional Journal- the same way. nalism organizations Editors ists 7. Get race out on the table. Talk about it. d. Foundation for American Com- h. National Press Foundation Let people who can bring a racial or Q.27 Considering the size of your news munications i. Journalist organizations that ethnic perspective to journalism do so budget and other priorities, what is e. The Freedom Forum specialize in a subject, like in full comfort. the most money your organization f. Radio-Television News business, crime, health or reli- 8. Go out of your way to create opportuni- is able to spend per year toward Directors Association and gion; or a skill, like copy edit- ties for bright, young, nontraditional tal- the training and professional Foundation ing or news design ent who don’t want to wait 10 to 20 development of a typical news g. Society of Professional Journal- j. Local, state or regional press years to have an impact. staff member? ists associations 9. Value differences and embrace them. h. National Press Foundation k. Knight Foundation’s university Evaluate managers on their success in Q.28 How many days per year can you i. Journalist organizations that fellowship programs identifying and developing people of color reasonably allow a typical news specialize in a subject, like l. Knight Foundation’s weeklong for leadership positions in the industry. staff member to be away from business, crime, health or reli- seminar programs 10. Create mentoring, apprenticeship and work to attend training? gion; or a skill, like copy edit- m. Other college- or university- job-shadowing programs. ing or news design based programs 11. Do you have eyes, ears, sensitivities j. Local, state or regional press and language skills in your newsroom associations to cover your changing community? k. Knight Foundation’s university fellowship programs . . . 68 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 69 . . . 69 . . . 69 . . . 69 . . . 69 . . . 69 . . .

The New York Times is establishing two- D2. Now, I have just a few questions so month fellowships that will bring staff we can describe the journalists and members from its regional papers to The organizations who took part in our Times and The Boston Globe, starting in survey. In total, what is the size of the fall of 2002. your organization’s news staff – that is, how many people who The fellows will work in the metro news- work in news are now on your rooms for the two months to improve organization’s payroll? their skills. Their own newspapers will pay their salaries; The Times will pay for D3a. We have your title in your organi- housing during the fellowship, said Den- zation listed as …Is this correct? nis Stern, vice president for human resources at The Times. D3b. [Asked if incorrect.] What is your correct job title? At the same time, editors from The Times and The Globe will visit regional papers D4. What is your age? for three-day stints doing critiques, workshops and one-on-one training sessions. D5. What is the last grade or class that The Times also plans to bring in summer you completed in school? interns who worked one year at the regional papers to work at The Times D6. [Asked if a college graduate.] Were and The Globe the following summer. you a journalism major as a college undergraduate?

D7. [Asked if not a journalism major.] Did you take any courses in journalism or media studies as an undergraduate?

D8. [Asked of respondents with post- graduate training,] What was your primary subject area of graduate study?

D9. Have you completed a graduate degree?

D10. [Asked if graduate degree completed.] What kind of graduate degree do you have? . . . 70 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 71 . . . 71 . . . 71 . . . 71 . . . 71 . . . 71 . . .

ollowing are the questions asked of Q.6 Thinking again about your current news staffers from Jan. 23 to March job in journalism … what letter F12, 2002. grade would you give your news organization for its overall per- Q.1 To begin, I have a few questions formance in providing journalist about your career as a journalist. training and professional develop- Since completing your education, ment for news staff members? how many years have you spent (“A” means excellent, “B” good, working in journalism? “C” average, “D” poor and “F” means fail.) Q.2 How many different news organizations have you worked for dur- Q.7 We’re interested in whether or not ing your career in journalism? your organization now provides you with any regular training or Q.3 How many years have you worked professional development activities for your current news organization? in three broad areas. In answering, please think about both in-house Q.4 Overall, how satisfied are you with and outside training your organiza- your current job? tion provides – including sending you to workshops, conferences or 1) Very satisfied seminars. 2) Mostly satisfied 3) Mostly dissatisfied First, are you now provided with 4) Very dissatisfied any kind of regular training in …

Q.5 Please tell me how satisfied you a. Journalism skills, such as writ- are with your current job in each of ing, reporting, producing, story- the following areas. telling or graphic design b. Content or beat areas, such as Are you very satisfied, mostly politics, business or health satisfied, mostly dissatisfied, or c. Journalism ethics, values and very dissatisfied with your job in legal issues, such as privacy, libel this area? law and the First Amendment

a. Pay and beneﬁts Q.8 [Asked for each “yes” response in b. Job security Question 7] Is training in this area c. Chances for promotion mostly done in-house, or through d. Opportunities to make a contri- outside training programs? bution to society e. Your ability to inﬂuence deci- Q.9 [Asked for each “yes” response in sions affecting your work life Question 7] How useful is this f. Opportunities for journalist training for someone in your job – training and professional is it very useful, somewhat useful, development not too useful, or not at all useful? . . . 72 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 73 . . . 73 . . . 73 . . . 73 . . . 73 . . . 73 . . .

Q.10 Whether or not your organization Q.14 Now, please tell me whether or not 9) Graphics, layout or design There is also a reporters’ culture in the now provides you with training, your organization now provides [print only] newsroom. Too many reporters believe that please tell me how important you you with any regular training in 10)Something else “To do a good job, I must take a year. I think it is for someone in your job each of the following specific areas don’t have time to do my big story.” But to have regular training in each of for journalist training and profes- Q.17 [Asked if respondent was provided when asked, “What is your big story?” they the following areas. sional development. with content/beat area training.] can only say: “I haven’t had time to devel- Next, please tell me whether or not op it.” It’s a vicious cycle and to break it Is it very important, somewhat a. Writing your organization now provides we have to include training that gives important, not too important, or not b. Editing you with any regular training in reporters more realistic expectations and at all important? c. Reporting each of the following specific con- also the survival skills to know how to do d. Computer-assisted reporting tent or beat coverage areas. good work in shorter periods of time or a. Journalism skills such as writ- e. News judgment and decision- how to develop the strategies for selling ing, reporting, producing, story- making a. Arts and entertainment longer-term projects to their bosses. telling or graphic design f. Producing [asked of broadcast b. Business and economics b. Content or beat areas, such as media only] c. Courts and police — Vikki Porter, Director politics, business or health g. Storytelling [asked of broadcast d. Diversity Western Knight Center c. Journalism ethics, values and media only] e. Education for Specialized Journalism legal issues, such as privacy, libel h. Photography or photojournal- f. Environment University of law and the First Amendment ism [TV and print only] g. Government and politics Southern California i. Graphics, layout, or design h. Health and medicine Annenberg School Q.11 In your current job, how much do [print media only] i. International or foreign affairs for Communication you think you would personally j. The media benefit from additional training or Q.15 [Asked for each “yes” response in k. Military and defense professional development? Question 14.] Is training in this l. Numbers and statistics area made available weekly, m. Polls and surveys 1) A lot monthly, at least twice a year, once n. Religion 2) Somewhat a year or less than once a year? o. Science and technology 3) Only a little p. Sports 4) Not at all? Q.16 [Asked if respondent felt he/she q. Urban affairs was most in need of journalism Q.12 [Asked if respondent felt he/she skills training.] You mentioned pre- Q.18 [Asked for each “yes” response in would benefit] In general, would viously that you could benefit from Question 17.] Is training in this you benefit most from more train- more training in journalism skills. area made available weekly, ing in … In which one of the following skills monthly, at least twice a year, once areas do you feel you would benefit a year, or less than once a year? 1) Journalism skills most from more training? 2) Content or beat areas Q.19 [Asked if training in ethics/values/ 3) Journalism ethics, values 1) Writing legal issues was provided] You and legal issues 2) Editing mentioned earlier that your organi- 3) Reporting zation provides you with regular Q.13 [Asked if respondent thought 4) Computer-assisted reporting training or professional develop- he/she was most in need of beat 5) News judgment and decision- ment in journalism ethics, values training] Which specific content or making or legal issues. Is training in this beat area in particular? 6) Producing [broadcast only] area made available weekly, 7) Storytelling [broadcast only] monthly, at least twice a year, once 8) Photography [TV, print only] a year, or less than once a year? . . . 74 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 75 . . . 75 . . . 75 . . . 75 . . . 75 . . . 75 . . .

Legions of journalists are promoted to man- Q.20 [Asked if any training was provid- it, or go further and ask you to also g. In-house or outside consultants agement positions without sufficient prepa- ed] For my next questions, please share it with others in the news- speaking in your newsroom or at ration and training, a condition endemic in think about all the training and room, or feel it wasn’t useful, or your organization’s headquarters a field where the traditional assumption professional development activities did he or she say nothing about it? h. A nonprofit training center such has been that the best reporters – or those your organization now provides for as the American Press Institute with the most seniority – will be successful you, either in-house or through Q.25 In the past 12 months, did you ever or Poynter Institute editors and managers. outside programs. Are you expect- pay for any journalist training or i. An on-line distance learning ed to attend these training sessions professional development activities program Says Linda Grist Cunningham, executive mostly on your own time, or most- out of your own pocket? j. Guides or other written materi- editor of the Rockford (Ill.) Register Star: ly on company time? als from journalism organiza- “Most of us got into this business because Q.26 [Asked if respondent paid for train- tions or schools we wanted to write. It never occurred to us Q.21 [Asked if any training was providing.] In which of the following k. Web sites or listservs of jour- that we would become managers. God for- ed] Are you required to attend cer- areas did you pay for training or nalism organizations bid. Management is not part of our educa- tain training or professional devel- professional development activities tion, it’s not part of our thinking, it’s not part opment sessions, or is attendance out of your own pocket over the Q.28 Next, regardless of what kinds of of our psyche. But then we assume that if always voluntary? past 12 months? training forums you now have access you were a good reporter or photographer, to, please tell me how interested you then, ipso facto, you’ll be a good editor.” Q.22 [Asked if any training was provid- a. Journalism skills are in having access to training or ed] How much influence do news b. Content or beat areas professional development through — Bonnie Bressers staff members like yourself have c. Journalism ethics, values or each of the following forums. Quill Magazine over decisions about your own legal issues March 2002 training? In general, are you very interested, Q.27 As I read you some different train- somewhat interested, not too inter- To create a higher quality workforce … in 1) A lot of influence ing forums, please tell me which of ested, or not at all interested? terms of cultural, gender or ethnic diversity 2) Some influence these, if any, you personally used or in terms of education and training, one 3) Not much influence for training or professional devel- a. A national conference of a jour- has to recognize that control of entry rests 4) No influence at all opment last year – that is, in 2001. nalism organization disproportionately with the smaller daily This could be training sponsored b. A regional conference of a jour- newspapers. Q.23 [Asked if any training was provid- by your organization or training nalism organization ed] How recently have you taken you got on your own. c. A national workshop or seminar — Lee B. Becker and Tudor Vlad, part in any training or professional by a journalism organization University of Georgia development activities in [insert a. A national conference of a jour- d. A regional workshop or seminar relevant items] provided by your nalism organization by a journalism organization organization? Within the last b. A regional conference of a jour- e. A seminar by a journalism month, within the last three nalism organization school months, within the last six months, c. A national workshop or seminar f. A yearlong university fellow- within the last 12 months, or more by a journalism organization ship to explore larger issues than 12 months ago? d. A regional workshop or semi- and ideas nar by a journalism organiza- g. In-house or outside consultants Q.24 [Asked if respondent had training tion speaking in your newsroom or in past year.] Which of the follow- e. A seminar by a journalism at your organization’s heading best describes your immediate school quarters supervisor’s reaction to this train- f. A yearlong university fellow- h. A nonprofit training center such ing? Did he or she want you to use ship to explore larger issues as the American Press Institute and ideas or Poynter Institute . . . 76 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 77 . . . 77 . . . 77 . . . 77 . . . 77 . . . 77 . . .

i. An on-line distance learning Q.30 [Asked if respondent attended any D3a. As part of your current job, do you program sessions in Question 29] Based on cover any speciﬁc beats or content j. Guides or other written materi- your experience, please tell me areas? als from journalism organiza- how would you rate each of the tions or schools following groups as a resource for D3b. [Asked of beat reporters] Which k. Web sites or listservs of jour- journalist training. speciﬁc content or beat area in par- nalism organizations ticular? Are they one of the best resources Q.29 Please tell me whether or not you for journalist training, above aver- D4. What is your position or main area have ever attended training or pro- age, average or below average? of responsibility in your news fessional development sessions organization? sponsored by each of the following a. American Press Institute groups. This would include any b. The Poynter Institute D5. What is your age? training you got on your own, c. Investigative Reporters and without support from your Editors D6. What is the last grade or class that organization. d. Foundation for American Com- you completed in school? munications a. American Press Institute e. The Freedom Forum D7. [Asked of college graduates] Were b. The Poynter Institute f. Radio-Television News Direc- you a journalism major as a col- c. Investigative Reporters tors Association and Foundation lege undergraduate? and Editors g. Society of Professional d. Foundation for American Journalists D8. [Asked of nonjournalism majors.] Communications h. National Press Foundation Did you take any courses in jour- e. The Freedom Forum i. Journalist organizations that nalism or media studies as an f. Radio-Television News Direc- specialize in a subject, like undergraduate? tors Association and Foundation business, crime, health or reli- g. Society of Professional gion; or a skill, like copy edit- D9. [Asked of respondents with post- Journalists ing or news design graduate training.] What was your h. National Press Foundation j. Local, state or regional press primary subject area of graduate i. Journalist organizations that associations study? specialize in a subject, like k. Knight Foundation’s university business, crime, health or reli- fellowship programs D10. Have you completed a graduate gion; or a skill, like copy edit- l. Knight Foundation’s weeklong degree? ing or news design seminar programs j. Local, state, or regional press m. Other college- or university- D11. [Asked of those with a graduate associations based programs degree] What kind of graduate k. Knight Foundation’s university degree do you have? fellowship programs D2. Now, I have just a few questions so l. Knight Foundation’s weeklong we can describe the journalists seminar programs who took part in our survey. In m. Other college- or university- your current job, do you supervise based programs any news staff members? . . . 78 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 79 . . . 79 . . . 79 . . . 79 . . . 79 . . . 79 . . .

he Journalists Training Survey, sary. Interviewers accommodated sponsored by the Council of Presi- respondents’ schedules and arranged T dents of National Journalism appointments. In addition, respondents Organizations and the John S. and James were given toll-free numbers2 to call to L. Knight Foundation, is based on schedule an appointment or complete an telephone interviews with 1,964 news interview at their convenience. executives and news staffers and was conducted under the direction of Prince- The speciﬁc sampling procedures for ton Survey Research Associates (PSRA). each sub-sample are outlined below.

Speciﬁcally, PSRA interviewed 786 news executives from 11 different media cate- News Executives Survey gories: daily newspapers, weekly newspapers, ethnic newspapers, national tele- Daily Newspapers. A total of 346 news vision networks, cable TV networks, executives were interviewed. The sam- local television stations, national radio pling frame included the top 350 daily networks, local radio stations, news mag- newspapers, ranked by highest circula- azines, wire services and Internet news tion in Bacon’s Media Source. Ten news web sites.1 PSRA also interviewed 1,178 executives at the top 12 daily newspapers news staffers in these same media cate- were interviewed. These papers, by rank, gories. Interviewing for executives was are Wall Street Journal, USA Today, The conducted Jan. 3, 2002, through March New York Times, Los Angeles Times, 13, 2002, and interviewing for staffers The Washington Post, (New York) Daily was conducted Jan. 23, 2002, through News, Chicago Tribune, Newsday, March 13, 2002. Results based on the Houston Chronicle, San Francisco sample of news executives have a margin Chronicle, Dallas Morning News, and of error of plus or minus 4 percentage Chicago Sun-Times. Eighty-eight news points, while results based on the sample executives at the top 13 through 100 of news staffers have a margin of error of daily newspapers and 248 news execu- plus or minus 3 percentage points. tives at the top 101 through 350 daily newspapers were interviewed. The top 12 Interviewers trained by PSRA conducted daily newspapers were considered part of the interviews. Respondents were sent the national sample, while the top 13 advance letters explaining the purpose of through 100 and 101 through 350 were the study and encouraging their partici- considered part of the local sample. pation. Interviewers made as many as 15 News executives were deﬁned by the fol- calls each to respondents in the executive lowing titles: managing editor, editor and sample, and as many as 17 calls each to executive editor. The sample was drawn respondents in the staffer sample to from Bacon’s Media Source. attempt to complete an interview. Inter- viewers were available to conduct inter- Weekly Newspapers. Fifty-six news views during the regular workday or in executives were interviewed. The sam- the evening and on weekends as neces- pling frame included all weekly news-

1 Speciﬁc media categories, for example, daily newspapers, local TV 2Two separate 800 numbers were allocated for the executive and stations, and local radio stations were further stratiﬁed to represent staff samples. the differences in organization size. . . . 80 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 81 . . . 81 . . . 81 . . . 81 . . . 81 . . . 81 . . .

papers with 15,000+ circulation. Spe- director, general manager and bureau magazines: Newsweek, Time and U.S. Journalists often joke that they got into the cialty papers, such as ethnic, religious, chief. The sample was drawn from News and World Report. Executives new business to avoid doing math. This military and alternative weeklies were Bacon’s Media Source. were defined as the following titles: man- insecurity, along with actual ignorance of excluded from the sampling frame. aging editor, editor and executive editor. how to solve math problems, causes problems in news coverage. News executives were defined by the Local TV Stations. A total of 211 news following titles: managing editor, editor executives were interviewed. The sam- Wire Services. Five executives were Scott R. Maier, associate professor at the and executive editor. The sample was pling frame included only those organi- interviewed at the major wire services: School of Journalism and Communication drawn from Bacon’s Media Source. zations with a news director listed. The The Associated Press, Bloomberg and at the University of Oregon, wrote in The sample was stratified based on MSA Reuters. Executives were defined as the American Editor’s January-February 2002 Ethnic Newspapers. Twenty-eight news (Metropolitan Statistical Area). Thirty- following titles: managing editor, editor edition about a math test he gave a daily executives were interviewed. The sam- nine executives from the Top 50 MSA and executive editor. newspaper staff. The test required junior pling frame included weekly and daily and 172 executives from the Non-top 50 high school math level. “On average,” ethnic papers with 15,000+ circulation. MSA were interviewed. The sample was Internet News Web Sites. Nine news Maier said, “the staff answered 68 percent of the questions correctly – barely passing News executives were defined by the fol- drawn from Bacon’s Media Source. executives were interviewed. The sam- if held to traditional school standards. lowing titles: managing editor, editor and pling frame included the top newspaper Nearly one in five reporters missed more executive editor. The sample was drawn National Radio Networks. Two news and news source web sites, as ranked by than half of the questions posed.” from Bacon’s Media Source. executives were interviewed at the news www.top9.com (March 2001). Executives departments of the four major radio net- were defined as the following titles: man- Fortunately “copy editors, the newspa- National TV Networks. Nine news works based on size. The sampling frame aging editor, editor and executive editor. per’s last line of defense against error, per- executives were interviewed from the included ABC Radio, CBS Radio, Nation- formed the best.” news departments of the six major televi- al Public Radio and NBC Radio. News “Math training in the newsroom should sion networks based on size. The sam- executives were defined by the following News Staffers Survey focus on the kinds of problem-solving skills pling frame included ABC, CBS, NBC, titles: executive or senior producer, news that help journalists develop a stronger PBS, Telemundo and Univision. News or program director, general manager and For this study, news staffers include sense of numerical proportion, statistical executives were defined by the following managing/executive director. The sample reporters, correspondents, writers, incongruity and other intuitive skills need- titles: executive or senior producer, news was drawn from Bacon’s Media Source. columnists, anchors, hosts, beat/content ed to make common-sense judgments or program director, general manager The sampling frame included only the editors, producers, assignment desk edi- when working with numbers in the news,” and bureau chief. The sample was drawn networks’ own news operations, not inde- tors and graphics/web designers. Maier said. from Bacon’s Media Source. We includ- pendent newsrooms or news programs “Innumeracy among journalists cannot be ed the staffs of news broadcasts as well operated by affiliate stations. Daily Newspapers. A total of 567 news overcome by an occasional workshop. as regularly scheduled public affairs pro- staffers were interviewed. The sampling Ongoing training should cover a range of gramming (e.g., Nightline, Frontline). Local Radio Stations. A total of 105 frame included the top 350 daily newspa- statistical competencies needed to be a The sampling frame included only the news executives were interviewed. The pers, ranked by highest circulation in ‘precision journalist.’ ” networks’ own news operations, not sampling frame included only those Bacon’s Media Source. 50 news staffers at independent newsrooms or news pro- organizations with a news or news/talk the top 12 daily newspapers were inter- grams operated by affiliate stations. format and with a news director listed. viewed. These papers, by rank, are Wall The sample was stratified based on MSA Street Journal, USA Today, The New York Cable TV Networks. Eleven news exec- (Metropolitan Statistical Area). Sixty-one Times, Los Angeles Times, The Washing- utives were interviewed from the five executives from the Top 50 MSA and 44 ton Post, (New York) Daily News, Chica- major cable networks based on size. The executives from Non-top 50 MSA were go Tribune, Newsday, Houston Chronicle, sampling frame included CNBC, CNN, interviewed. The sample was drawn from San Francisco Chronicle, Dallas Morning CNN Headline News, Fox News Chan- Bacon’s Media Source. News and Chicago Sun-Times. A total of nel and MSNBC. News executives were 255 news staffers at the top 13 through defined by the following titles: executive News Magazines. Four executives were 100 daily newspapers and 262 news or senior producer, news or program interviewed at the major weekly news- staffers at the top 101 through 350 daily . . . 82 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 83 . . . 83 . . . 83 . . . 83 . . . 83 . . . 83 . . .

newspapers were interviewed. The top 12 Local TV Stations. A total of 294 news Internet News Web Sites. Ten news Contact rate – the proportion of working daily newspapers were considered part of staffers were interviewed. The sampling staffers were interviewed. The sampling numbers where a request for interview the national sample, while the top 13-100 frame included only those organizations frame included the top newspaper and was made – of 80 percent for the news and 101-350 were considered part of the with a news director listed. The sample news source web sites, as ranked by executives sample, 81 percent for the local sample. The sample was drawn from was stratiﬁed based on MSA (Metropoli- www.top9.com (March 2001). news staffers sample, and 80.5 percent Bacon’s Media Source. tan Statistical Area). A total of 152 for the overall sample. staffers from the Top 50 MSA and 142 Response Rate. Table 1 reports the dis- Weekly Newspapers. Fifty-two news staffers from the Non-top 50 MSA were position of all sampled telephone num- Cooperation rate – the proportion of con- staffers were interviewed. The sampling interviewed. The sample was drawn from bers dialed. The response rate estimates tacted numbers where a consent for inter- frame included all weekly newspapers Bacon’s Media Source. the fraction of all eligible respondents in view was at least initially obtained, ver- with 15,000+ circulation. Specialty the sample that were ultimately inter- sus those refused – of 88.1 percent for papers, such as ethnic, religious, military National Radio Networks. Ten news viewed. At PSRA it is calculated by tak- the news executives sample, 91.7 percent and alternative weeklies were excluded staffers were interviewed at the news ing the product of three component rates: for the news staffers sample, and 90.2 from the sampling frame. The sample departments of the four major radio net- percent for the overall sample. was drawn from Bacon’s Media Source. works based on size. The sampling frame included ABC Radio, CBS Radio, Nation- Table 1: Response Rate Ethnic Newspapers. Twenty-four al Public Radio and NBC Radio. The news staffers were interviewed. The sample was drawn from Bacon’s Media Response Rate Response Rate Response Rate sampling frame included weekly and Source. The sampling frame included Executives Staffers Total daily ethnic papers with 15,000+ circu- only the networks’ own news operations, lation. The sample was drawn from not independent newsrooms or news pro- Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Bacon’s Media Source. grams operated by afﬁliate stations. Numbers dialed 1,159 1,651 2,810

National TV Networks. Twenty-seven Local Radio Stations. A total of 151 Not in sample news staffers were interviewed from the news staffers were interviewed. The sam- news departments of the six major tele- pling frame included only those organi- Nonworking 6 9 15 vision networks based on size. The sam- zations with a news or news/talk format Nonbusiness 13 7 20 pling frame included ABC, CBS, NBC, and with a news director listed. The sam- PBS, Telemundo and Univision. The ple was stratified based on MSA (Metro- Working Numbers 1,140 98.4% 1,635 99.0% 2,775 98.8% sample was drawn from Bacon’s Media politan Statistical Area). A total of 111 No final contact Source. We included the staffs of news staffers from the Top 50 MSA and 40 broadcasts as well as regularly sched- staffers from Non-top 50 MSA were Noncontact 229 313 542 uled public affairs programming (e.g., interviewed. The sample was drawn from Contacted numbers 911 80.0% 1,322 81.0% 2,233 80.5% Nightline, Frontline). The sampling Bacon’s Media Source. frame included only the networks’ own Refusals 108 110 218 news operations, not independent news- News Magazines. Seven staffers were rooms or news programs operated by interviewed at the major weekly news- Cooperating 803 88.1% 1,212 91.7% 2,015 90.2% affiliate stations. magazines: Newsweek, Time and U.S. Ineligible 7 9 16 News and World Report. Cable TV Networks. Twenty-six news Eligible 796 99.1% 1,203 99.3% 1,999 99.2% staffers were interviewed from the five Wire Services. Ten staffers were inter- major cable networks based on size. The viewed at the major wire services: The Interrupted 4 2 6 sampling frame included CNBC, CNN, Associated Press, Bloomberg and Reuters. Complete 792 99.5% 1,201 99.8% 1,993 99.7% CNN Headline News, Fox News Chan- nel and MSNBC. The sample was drawn Response Rate 70.1% 74.1% 72.4% from Bacon’s Media Source. . . . 84 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 85 . . . 85 . . . 85 . . . 85 . . . 85 . . . 85 . . .

Completion rate – the proportion of ini- staffers sample, and 72.4 percent for Table 3: Final Weights tially cooperating and eligible inter- the overall sample. views that were completed – of 99.5 Media Type Executive Executive Staffer Staffer percent for the executive sample, 99.8 Data were weighted to make the ﬁnal Categories Interviews Weights Interviews Weights percent for the staff sample and 99.7 for staffer and executive samples more rep- the entire sample overall. resentative and comparable. The staffer Daily Newspapers - Top 12 10 8.84 50 2.22 sample was weighted so that the 15 dif- Thus the response rate for this survey ferent media types sampled would be Daily Newspapers - 13-100 88 5.21 255 2.26 was 70.1 percent for the news execu- represented in their proper proportions. Daily Newspapers - 101-350 248 1.30 262 1.55 tives sample, 74.1 percent for the news As a ﬁrst step, universe staff sizes were Weekly Newspapers 56 4.22 52 5.71 Table 2: Target Weighting Distribution Ethnic Newspapers 28 1.17 24 1.71 National TV Networks 9 2.39 27 1.00 Media Type Categories Size of Average Total Total Cable TV Networks 11 4.22 26 2.24

Staff Local TV Stations - Top 50 MSA 39 7.35 152 2.37 3 Universe Staff Size Staff Size Distribution Local TV Stations - Non-Top 50 MSA 172 1.00 142 1.52 [TARGET] National Radio Networks 2 5.02 10 1.26 Daily Newspapers - Top 12 12 514 6,168 4.5% Local Radio Stations - Top 50 MSA 61 2.35 111 1.62 Daily Newspapers - 13-100 160 200 32,000 23.5% Local Radio Stations - Non-Top 50 MSA 44 1.63 40 2.25 Daily Newspapers - 101-350 450 50 22,500 16.6% Weekly Newspapers 500 33 16,500 12.1% Internet News 9 2.58 10 2.92 Ethnic Newspapers 120 19 2,280 1.7% News Magazines 4 4.30 7 3.09 Wire Services 5 3.44 10 2.16 National TV Networks 6 250 1,500 1.1% Cable TV Networks 5 648 3,240 2.4% Local TV Stations - Top 50 MSA 400 50 20,000 14.7% computed for each of the media types by Effects of Sample Design on Statistical multiplying the average staff size in each Inference. Post-data collection statistical Local TV Stations - Non-Top 50 MSA 600 20 12,000 8.8% category by the number of organizations. adjustments require analysis procedures The universe staff size distribution was that reflect departures from simple random National Radio Networks 4 175 700 0.5% used as the weighting target. See Table 2. sampling. PSRA calculates the effects of Local Radio Stations - Top 50 MSA 400 25 10,000 7.4% these design features so that an appropri- The final sample of 1,178 staffers was ate adjustment can be incorporated into Local Radio Stations - Non-Top 50 MSA 500 10 5,000 3.7% assigned weights so that their weighted tests of statistical significance when using Internet News 10 162 1,620 1.2% distribution matches the target media these data. The so-called “design effect” type distribution. Likewise, the final or deff represents the loss in statistical News Magazines 6 200 1,200 0.9% sample of 786 executives was assigned efficiency that results from a dispropor- Wire Services 6 200 1,200 0.9% weights so that their media type distribu- tional sample design and systematic non- tion matches the distribution of the response. PSRA calculates the composite staffer sample. See Table 3. design effect for a sample of size n, with 3Average staff size for all but one media category based on News each case having a weight, w as: Executives responses. Average staff size for wire services based i on outside research. . . . 86 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 87 . . . 87 . . . 87 . . . 87 . . . 87 . . . 87 . . .

To use the data from this study, log on to the following URL and search under the title “Journalists Training Survey”:

www.irss.unc.edu/data_archive/ catsearch.html

In a wide range of situations, the adjust- ed standard error of a statistic should be calculated by multiplying the usual formula by the square root of the design effect (√deff). Thus, the formula for computing the 95 percent conﬁdence interval around a percentage is:

where p^ is the sample estimate and n is the unweighted number of sample cases in the group being considered.

The survey’s margin of error is the largest 95 percent conﬁdence interval for any estimated proportion based on the total sample – one around 50 percent. For example, the margin of error for the entire staffer sample is plus or minus 3 percent. This means that in 95 out every 100 samples drawn using the same methodology, estimated proportions based on the entire sample will be no more than 3 percentage points away from their true values in the population. The margin of error for the executive sample is plus or minus 4 percent. It is important to remember that sampling ﬂuctuations are only one possible source of error in a survey estimate. Other sources, such as respondent selection bias, questionnaire wording and reporting inaccuracy, may con- tribute additional error of greater or lesser magnitude. . . . 88 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 89 . . . 89 . . . 89 . . . 89 . . . 89 . . . 89 . . .

his list was compiled to help you P.O. Box 156 ﬁnd training organizations, fellow- New Prague, Minn. 56071 T ships and web resources to assist 952-758-6502; fax 952-758-5813 in training. Our thanks to the American [email protected] Press Institute www.ageditors.com (www.americanpressinstitute.org) and the Society of Professional Journalists American Association of Sunday (www.spj.org), major contributors of the and Feature Editors following information. Sharon Wilmore, President Penny Fuchs, Executive Director University of Maryland Organizations 1117 Journalism Building, Room 4113 College Park, Md. 20742-7111 Accrediting Council on Education 301-314-2631 in Journalism & Mass Communication [email protected]; 234 Outlet Pointe Blvd. www.aasfe.org Columbia, S.C. 29210-5667 803-798-0271; fax 803-772-3509 American Copy Editors Society [email protected] John McIntyre, President www.aejmc.org The Sun P.O. Box 1377 Advertising Research Foundation Baltimore, Md. 21278-0001 641 Lexington Ave. 800-829-8000 x 6206 New York, N.Y. 10022 [email protected] 212-751-5656 www.copydesk.org www.arfsite.org American Jewish Press Association Alabama Press Association Aaron Cohen, President Felicia Mason, Executive Director 1828 L St. N.W., Suite 720 3324 Independence Drive, Suite 200 Washington, D.C., 20036 Birmingham, Ala. 35209 202-785-2282; fax 202-785-2307 205-871-7737; fax: 205-871-7740 [email protected] www.alabamapress.org www.ajpa.org

The Alicia Patterson Foundation American Journalism 1730 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Suite 850 Historians Association Washington, D.C. 20006 Carol Sue Humphrey, 202-393-5995 Administrative Secretary [email protected] OBU Box 61201 www.aliciapatterson.org 500 W. University Shawnee, Okla. 74804 American Agricultural Editors Association www.ajha.org Den Gardner, Executive Secretary/Treasurer . . . 90 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 91 . . . 91 . . . 91 . . . 91 . . . 91 . . . 91 . . .

American Political Science Association New York, N.Y. 10022 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Association of Jeffrey R. Biggs, Director 212-872-3735; fax 212-906-0128 415-346-2051 x 700; fax 415-346-6343 Alternative Newsweeklies Congressional Fellowship Program [email protected] [email protected] Richard Karpel 1527 New Hampshire Ave. N.W. asme.magazine.org www.aaja.org 1020 16th St. N.W., Fourth Floor Washington, D.C. 20036-1206 Washington, D.C. 20036-5702 202-483-2512; fax 202-483-2657 American Society of Associated Press Managing Editors 202-822-1955; fax 202-822-0929 [email protected] Newspaper Editors Caesar Andrews, President [email protected] www.apsanet.org/cfp/ Diane H. McFarlin, President Mark Mittelstadt, APME Projects Director www.aan.org J. Scott Bosley, Executive Director The Associated Press American Press Institute 11690B Sunrise Valley Drive 50 Rockefeller Plaza Association of Capitol William L. Winter, Director Reston, Va. 20191-1409 New York, N.Y. 10020 Reporters & Editors 11690 Sunrise Valley Drive 703-453-1120; fax 703-453-1133 212-621-1838; fax 212-621-7520 Holly A. Heyser, President Reston, Va. 22091 [email protected] [email protected] St. Paul Pioneer Press 703-620-3611; fax 703-620-5814 American Editor magazine: www.apme.com/index.shtml 345 Cedar St. www.americanpressinstitute.org [email protected] St. Paul, Minn. 55101-1057 www.asne.org Associated Press Sports Editors 651-228-5463; fax 651-228-5500 American Society for [email protected] [email protected] Training and Development Arizona Newspaper Association [email protected] www.capitolbeat.org Val Mikels John Fearing, Executive Director [email protected] Director, Customer Care Center 1001 N. Central Ave., Suite 670 apse.dallasnews.com/ Association of Food Journalists 800-628-2783 or 703-683-8100; fax 703- Phoenix, Ariz. 85004 Carol DeMasters, Executive Director 683-1523 602-261-7655; fax 602-261-7525 Association for Education 262-965-3251 [email protected] ofﬁ[email protected] in Journalism and Mass Communication [email protected] www.astd.org www.ANANews.com Joe S. Foote, President www.afjonline.com Jennifer McGill, Executive Director American Society of Business Arkansas Press Association AEJMC/ASJMC Association of Health Care Journalists Publication Editors Dennis Schick, Executive Director 234 Outlet Pointe Blvd., Suite A Andrew Holtz, President 710 E. Ogden Ave., Suite 600 411 S. Victory Columbia, S.C. 29210-5667 Melinda Voss, Executive Director Naperville, Ill. 60563 Little Rock, Ark. 72201 803-798-0272; fax 803-772-3509 University of Minnesota 630-579-3288; fax 630-369-2488 501-374-1500; fax: 501-374-7509 [email protected] Murphy Hall – SJMC [email protected] [email protected] www.aejmc.org 206 Church St. S.E. www.asbpe.org www.arkansaspress.org Minneapolis, Minn. 55455-0418 Association for Women in Sports Media 612-624-8877; fax 612-626-8251 American Society of Arthur F. Burns Fellowships [email protected] [email protected] Journalists and Authors International Center for Journalists www.awsmonline.org www.ahcj.umn.edu 1501 Broadway, Suite 302 1616 H St. N.W. , Third Floor New York, N.Y. 10036 Washington, D.C. 20006 Association for Women Journalists Association of Opinion Page Editors 212-997-0947; fax 212-768-7414 202-737-3700; fax 202-737-0530 Sandra Guy, President Noel Rubinton [email protected] [email protected] Chicago Sun-Times [email protected] www.asja.org/index9.php www.icfj.org 401 N. Wabash www.psu.edu/dept/comm/ aope/aope.htm Chicago, Ill. 60601 American Society of Magazine Editors Asian American Journalists Association 312-321-2868 Association of Schools of Journalism Susan Ungaro, President Victor Panichkul, President [email protected] and Mass Communication Marlene Kahan, Executive Director Rene Astudillo, Executive Director www.awjchicago.org William T. Slater, President 919 Third Ave. 1182 Market St., Suite 320 Jennifer McGill, Executive Director . . . 92 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 93 . . . 93 . . . 93 . . . 93 . . . 93 . . . 93 . . .

AEJMC/ASJMC 773-702-2555; fax 773-702-0725 877-305-2262 Everyone wants training, but few people 234 Outlet Pointe Blvd., Suite A [email protected] [email protected] have figured out how to get it, and how to Columbia, S.C. 29210-5667 www.bullatomsci.org www.communitynews.ca encourage upper management to commit 803-798-0272; fax 803-772-3509 www.ccna.ca to it, by allowing employees time to [email protected] Business Journalism Fellows attend training programs, supporting their www.aejmc.org Duke University Canadian Newspaper Association attendance with finances to cover the Laurie Bley 890 Yonge St., Suite 200 training, etc. Banking Fellowships for Journalists DeWitt Wallace Center Toronto, Ontario M4W 3P4 Joan N. Pfister for Communications and Journalism 416-923-3567; fax 416-923-7206 —Rosalind Stark, Prochnow Educational Foundation Sanford Institute of Public Policy www.can-acj.ca Executive Director 5315 Wall St. P.O. Box 90241 Radio-Television News Madison, Wis. 53718 Duke University Carole Kneeland Project for Responsible Directors Foundation 608-243-1945; fax 608-243-1951 Durham, N.C. 27708 Television Journalism jpfi[email protected] 919-684-4270; fax 919-684-4270 Valerie Hyman, Lead Trainer I have absolutely no budget but we’re still www.gsb.org [email protected] 238 62nd Ave. South training. We do a lot on basic skills – how www.media.duke.edu/dewitt/fellows St. Petersburg, Fla. 33705-5422 do we make headlines better, how to write Brechner Center 727-866-3232; fax 727-867-8836 livelier stories, how do we get more story- (FOI, libel, First Amendment issues) California Chicano [email protected] telling into the paper. We do training on PO Box 118400 News Media Association how to use the e-mail system more 3208 Weimer Hall Julio Moran, Executive Director Case Media Fellowships efficiently and how to use the phone sys- University of Florida 3800 S. Figueroa St. Steven Weiss tem better. How can we make life a little Gainesville, Fla. 32611-8400 Los Angeles, Calif. 90037 National Media Fellowship Program less stressful for people – how to ease the 352-392-2273; fax 352-392-3919 213-743-4960; fax 213-743-4989 Council for Advancement little tensions in the room. or 352-392-9173 [email protected] and Support of Education www.jou.ufl.edu/brechner/index.htm www.ccnma.org 1307 New York Ave., N.W., Suite 1000 — Dick Hughes, Editorial Page Washington, D.C. 20005 Editor and Training Editor Broadcast Education Association California Newspaper 202-478-5680; fax 202-387-4973 Statesman Journal, Louisa Nielsen, Executive Director Publishers Association [email protected] Salem, Ore. 1771 N St., N.W. 1225 Eighth St., Suite 260 www.case.org Washington, D.C. 20036-2891 Sacramento, Calif. 95814 Newsroom culture is the key to everything. 202-429-5354 916-288-6000; fax 916-288-6002 Casey Journalism Center Word gets around very fast, which news- www.beaweb.org www.cnpa.com for Children and Families rooms are the good ones for diversity, for 4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 320 training, for quality. That’s at the core. Broadcasting and Cable – TVInsite Canadian Association of Journalists College Park, Md. 20740 Stephen McClellan 1125 Colonel By Drive 301-699-5133; fax 301-699-9755 —Richard Kipling Deputy Editor, NYC Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 [email protected] METPRO Director 212-337-7023 613-526-8061 casey.umd.edu/home.nsf Tribune Publishing [email protected] [email protected] www.tvinsite.com/broadcasting www.eagle.ca/caj Casey Journalism Fellows If it’s done well, outside training will have cable/index.asp?layout=webzine University of Maryland multiple effects when [the trainees] return Canadian Community College of Journalism – they share what they’ve learned as well Bulletin of Atomic Scientists Newspapers Association Christopher Callahan, Associate Dean as show improvement themselves. (fellowships) Serge Lavoie, Executive Director Journalism Building, 6042 South Kimbark 206-90 Eglington Ave. E. University of Maryland —Karen Dunlap Chicago, Ill. 60637 Toronto, Ontario M4P 2V3 College Park, Md. 20742 Dean of Faculty Poynter Institute . . . 94 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 95 . . . 95 . . . 95 . . . 95 . . . 95 . . . 95 . . .

301-405-2432; fax 301-314-9166 213-740-8277; fax 213-740-8624 Dart Fellowships for The Fourth Estate [email protected] www.usc.edu/dept/annenberg/ Journalism and Trauma & The Third Sector (nonproﬁts) www.umd.edu/jour Roger Simpson Burnis Morris Center for Investigative Reporting Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma University of Mississippi Catholic Press Association 500 Howard St., Suite 206 University of Washington School Journalism Department Owen McGovern, Executive Director San Francisco, Calif. 94105 of Communications P.O. Box 1848 3555 Veterans Memorial Highway, 415-543-1200; fax 415-543-8311 Room 102 University, Miss. 38677-1848 United O [email protected] P.O. Box 353740 662-915-5396 Ronkonkoma, N.Y. 11779 www.muckraker.org Seattle, Wash. 98195-3740 [email protected] 631-471-4730; fax 631-471-4804 206-543-0405; fax 206-543-9285 www.olemiss.edu/journalismfellows.html [email protected] Center for Media and Public Affairs [email protected] www.catholicpress.org 2100 L St., N.W.; Suite 300 www.dartcenter.org Frank Batten Fellowship Washington, D.C. 20037 Laurence G. Mueller Center for Communication (202) 223-2942 Dow Jones Newspaper Fund The Darden School, (for students) www.cmpa.com P.O. Box 300 University of Virginia [email protected] Princeton, N.J. 08543-0300 P.O. Box 6550 www.cencom.org CJR Journalism Resources 4300 Route One North Charlottesville, Va. 22906 Columbia Journalism Review South Brunswick, N.J. 08852 800-UVA-MBA-1; fax 804-924-5033 Center for Community Journalism Journalism Building 609-452-2820; fax 609-520-5804 [email protected] SUNY at Oswego Columbia University [email protected] www.darden.edu Lanigan Hall New York, N.Y. 10027 www.dowjones.com/newsfund/home Oswego, N.Y. 13126 212-854-1881; fax 212-854-8580 Freedom Forum 315-312-5427; fax 315-312-5658 [email protected] Education Writers Association The Freedom Forum World Center [email protected] www.cjr.org /resources Robin Farmer, President 1101 Wilson Blvd. www.osego.edu/~ccj Lisa J. Walker, Executive Director Arlington, Va. 22209 College Media Advisers 2122 P St. N.W., Suite 201 703-528-0800; fax 703-522-4831 Center for Creative Leadership Jenny Tenpenny Crouch, President Washington, D.C. 20037-1037 [email protected] Attn: Client Services Ron Spielberger, Executive Director 202-452-9830; fax 202-452-9837 www.freedomforum.org P.O. Box 26300 University of Memphis [email protected] Greensboro, N.C. 27438-6300 MJ-300 www.ewa.org Georgia Press Association 336-286- 4480; fax 336-282-3284 Memphis, Tenn. 38152 Robin Rhodes, Executive Director [email protected] 901-678-2403; fax 901-678-4798 Florida Press Association 3066 Mercer University Drive, Suite 200 www.ccl.org/research/projects [email protected] Carl Cannon, President Atlanta, Ga. 30341 www.collegemedia.org 122 S. Calhoun St. 770-454-6776; fax 770-454-6778 Center for Integration Tallahassee, Fla. 32301 [email protected] and Improvement of Journalism Criminal Justice Journalists 850-224-5790; fax 850-224-6012 www.gapress.org San Francisco State University Ted Gest, President www.ﬂpress.com www.journalism.sfsu.edu/www/ciij/ciij.htm 1015 18th St. N.W., Suite 925 Grad Schools (Graduate Education Washington, D.C. 20036 Foundation for American and Distance Learning) Center for International Journalism 202-296-8444; fax 202-296-4406 Communications 1450 Edgmont Ave., Suite 140 Stella Lopez [email protected] 85 S. Grand Ave. University Technology Park University of Southern California www.reporters.net/cjj Pasadena, Calif. 91105 Chester, Pa. 19013 Annenberg School for Communication 626-584-0010; fax 626-584-0627 610-499-9200; fax 610-499-9205 ASC #103 University Park [email protected] [email protected] Los Angeles, Calif. 90089-0281 www.facsnet.org www.gradschools.com . . . 96 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 97 . . . 97 . . . 97 . . . 97 . . . 97 . . . 97 . . .

Hoosier State Press Association Toronto, Ontario M4W Canada International Federation of Journalists International Women’s David Stamps, Executive Director 416-923-3567; fax 416-923-7206 266 rue Royale Media Foundation One Virginia Ave., Suite 701 www.ifra.com 1210 Brussels, Belgium Sherry Rockey, Executive Director Indianapolis, Ind. 83704 32-2-223-22-65; fax 32-2-219-29-76 1726 M St. N.W., Suite 1002 317-803-4772; 317-624-4428 Illinois Press Association [email protected] Washington, D.C. 20036 [email protected] David L. Bennett, Executive Director www.ifj.org 202-496-1992; fax 202-496-1977 www.indianapublisher.com Community Drive [email protected] Springﬁeld, Ill. 62703 International Newspaper www.iwmf.org HPSC Training Programs and Seminars 217-241-1300; fax 217-241-1301 Financial Executives Harris Publishing Systems Corp. [email protected] 21525 Ridgetop Circle Investigative Reporters and Editors 505 N. John Rodes Blvd. www.il-press.com Suite 200 David Dietz, President Melbourne, Fla. 32934 Sterling, Va. 20166 Brant Houston, Executive Director 321-242-5330; fax 321-242-4074 Inland Press Association 703-421-4060; fax 703-421-4068 Missouri School of Journalism [email protected] Ray Carlsen, Executive Director Membership: [email protected] 138 Neff Annex www.jazbox.com/ Inland Press Foundation www.infe.org Columbia, Mo. 65211 2360 E. Devon Ave., Suite 3011 573-882-2042; fax 573-882-5431 Huck Boyd National Center Des Plaines, Ill. 60018 International Newspaper Database Library – 573-884-7711 for Community Media 847-795-0380; fax 847-795-0385 Marketing Association Resource Center – 573-882-3364 Gloria Freeland, Director [email protected] 10300 N. Central Expressway Fax 573-882-5431 & 573-884-5544 105 Kedzie Hall www.inlandpress.org Suite 467 [email protected] Kansas State University Dallas, Texas 75231 [email protected] Manhattan, Kan. 66506-1501 Inter American Press Association 214-373-9111; fax 214-373-9112 www.ire.org 785-532-3958 or 785-532-0721; Robert J. Cox, President [email protected] fax 785-532-5484 Julio E. Muñoz, Executive Director www.inma.org Iowa Newspaper Association [email protected] 1801 S.W. Third Ave. Arvid Hisman, Director huckboyd.jmc.ksu.edu Miami, Fla. 33129 International Press Institute 319 E. Fifth St. 305-634-2465; fax 305-635-2272 IPI Headquarters Des Moines, Iowa 50309 Idaho Newspaper Association [email protected] Spiegelgasse 2 515-244-2145; fax 515-244-4855 Bob C. Hall, Executive Director www.sipiapa.org A-1010 Vienna www.inanews.com 6560 Emerald, Suite 124 Austria Boise, Idaho 83704 International Center for Journalists 43-1-512-90-11; fax 43-1-512-90-14 Jefferson Fellowships 208-375-0733; fax 208-375-0914 Whayne Dillehay [email protected] Dennis D. Donahue, Coordinator [email protected] 1616 H St. N.W., Third Floor www.freemedia.at/index1.html East-West Center Media Program www.idahopapers.com Washington, D.C. 20006 1601 East-West Road 202-737-3700; fax 202-737-0530 International Society Honolulu, Hawaii 96848-1601 IFRA [email protected] of Weekly Newspaper Editors 808-944-7384; fax 808-944-7600 (INCA-FIEJ Research Association; www.icfj.org Dr. Chad Stebbins [email protected] “INCA” is “International Newspaper Institute of International Studies, www.eastwestcenter.org Colour Association” and “FIEJ” International Consortium Missouri Southern State College is “Fédération Internationale of Investigative Journalists 3950 E. Newman Road Joan Shorenstein Center des Editeurs de Journaux”) ICIJ @ The Center For Public Integrity Joplin, Mo. 64801-1595 on the Press, Politics and IFRA North America 910 17th St. N.W., Seventh Floor 417-625-9736; fax 417-659-4445 Public Policy Fellowships c/o Canadian Newspaper Washington, D.C. 20006 www.mssc.edu/iswne Edith Holway Association (CNA) 202-466-1300; fax 202-466-1101 Joan Shorenstein Center 890 Yonge St., Suite 200 [email protected] Kennedy School of Government www.icij.org . . . 98 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? ...... 99 . . . 99 . . . 99 . . . 99 . . . 99 . . . 99 . . .

In most, but not all, businesses, people 79 JFK St. 1117 Journalism Building #3116 242 W. 18th Ave. believe that if you put out a better product, Cambridge, Mass. 02138 College Park, Md. 20742-7111 Columbus, Ohio 43210-1107 you’ll be successful. Most but not all: Fast 617-495-8269; fax 617-495-8696 301-405-7200; fax 301-405-7300 614-292-2607; fax 614-292-3809 food companies believe it’s better advertis- [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ing. I’m not sure that people at newspapers www.ksg.harvard.edu/~presspol/ www.ahcj.umn.edu/New.htm www.kip.jcomm.ohio-state.edu believe if they put out a better paper, they’ll sell more papers. It’s obvious from the ero- John S. Knight Fellowship Kaiser Family Foundation Knight Foundation Fellowship sion that occurs to make higher proﬁts. All for Professional Journalists Mini-Fellowship Awards in Law for Journalists Program it takes is leadership believing it’s impor- James R. Bettinger, Director Penny Duckham Carroll D. Stevens, Associate Dean tant and giving somebody responsibility for Building 120, Room 428 Executive Director of the Yale University Law School making it happen. Stanford, Calif. 94305-2050 Kaiser Media Fellowships Program P.O. Box 208215 650-723-1189; fax 650-725-6154 2400 Sand Hill Road New Haven, Conn. 06520-8215 — Bruce DeSilva, [email protected] Menlo Park, Calif. 94025 203-432-4784; fax 203-432-8147 News/features Editor www.knight.stanford.edu 650-854-9400; fax 650-854-4800 [email protected] The Associated Press [email protected] www.yale.edu/lawweb/lawschool/ John S. and James L. Knight Foundation www.kff.org gradpro/mslj/knight/ The last time I was in a newsroom coping One Biscayne Tower, Suite 3800 with tightened news hole, there were unex- 2 S. Biscayne Blvd. Kaiser Media Fellowships in Health Knight-Bagehot Fellowship pected beneﬁts that increased excellence: Miami, Fla. 33131-1803 The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation in Economics and Business 305-908-2600 Penny Duckham, Executive Director Terri Thompson, Director 1. It forced us to be very clear about our www.knightfdn.org 2400 Sand Hill Road Graduate School of Journalism coverage priorities. Menlo Park, Calif. 94025 Columbia University 2. It forced us to be way more disciplined Journalism and Women Symposium 650-854-9400; fax 650-854-4800 Mailcode 3850 about writing. Our writing coach did Jodi Enda, President [email protected] New York, N.Y. 10027 workshops on compression and writ- Becky Day, Executive Director www.kff.org 212-854-2711; fax 212-854-3900 ing short, and the quality of writing 10 Brainerd Road [email protected] actually improved. Summit, N.J. 07901 Kansas Press Association www.jrn.columbia.edu/knight-bagehot 3. We adopted a long-short philosophy. 908-608-0976; fax 908-608-1597 Jeff Burkhead, Executive Director The stories we cared about got space [email protected] 5423 S.W. Seventh St. Knight Center for Specialized Journalism and display. The stories not high on the www.jaws.org Topeka, Kan. 66606 Carol Horner, Director priority list were briefed. 785-271-5304; fax 785-271-7341 University of Maryland Journalism Education Association www.kspress.com Inn and Conference Center The result, in many cases, was better look- H. L. Hall, President 3501 University Blvd. East ing pages: One properly displayed, com- Linda Puntney, Executive Director Kentucky Press Association Adelphi, Md. 20783-8068 plete story — versus three or four eight- Kansas State University David T. Thompson 301-985-7279; fax 301-985-7840 paragraph stories. Kedzie Hall 103 101 Consumer Lane [email protected] Manhattan, Kan. 66506-1505 Frankfort, Ky. 40601 www.inform.umd.edu/knight — Sharon Burnside, 785-532-7822; fax 785-532-5484 502-223-8821; fax 502-226-3867 AME Training and Personnel [email protected] www.kypress.com/main Knight International Press Fellowships The Toronto Star www.jea.org Susan Talalay, Director Kiplinger Fellowships International Center for Journalists Journalism Fellowships in Public Affairs Journalism 1616 H St. N.W., Third Floor in Child and Family Policy Pamela Hollie Washington, D.C. 20006 Carol Guensburg, Director The Ohio State University 202-737-3700; fax 202-737-0530 University of Maryland School of Journalism [email protected] . . . 100 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 101 . . . 101 . . . 101 . . . 101 . . . 101 . . . 101 . . .

www.knight-international.org Louisiana Press Association Media Management Center The Big Peg www.icfj.org Pam Mitchell-Wagner, Executive Editor Northwestern University 120 Vyse St. www.ijnet.org 404 Europe St. John Lavine, Founding Director The Jewellery Quarter Baton Rouge, La. 70802 Michael P. Smith, Managing Director Birmingham B18 6NF, England Knight Public Health 225-344-9309 1007 Church St., Suite 500 44 (0)121-248-1515; Journalism Fellowships at CDC www.lapress.com Evanston, Ill. 60208-5619 fax 44-(0)121-248-1616 Carol Gentry, Director 847-491-4900; fax 847-491-5619 [email protected] CDC Foundation Magazine Publishers of America [email protected] www.mmtc.co.uk Att: Knight Fellowships Nina Link, President [email protected] 50 Hurt Plaza, Suite 765 919 Third Ave. www.mediamanagement.northwestern.edu Minnesota Journalism Center Atlanta, Ga. 30303 New York, N.Y. 10022 www.readership.org Kathleen A. Hansen, Director 404-653-0790 212-872-3700; fax 212-888-4217 University of Minnesota [email protected] www.magazine.org Medill Specialized Reporting Program: Murphy Hall – SJMC www.cdcfoundation.org/fellowships/ Religion, Spirituality and Values 206 Church St. S.E. knight/ Maryland-Delaware-DC Press Association Roy Larson, Program Coordinator Minneapolis, Minn. 55455-0418 2191 Defense Highway, Suite 300 Medill School of Journalism 612-625-8095; fax 612-626-7543 Knight Salzburg Seminar Fellowships Crofton, Md. 21114 Northwestern University [email protected] Cathy Walsh, Director 410-721-4000; fax 410-721-4557 Evanston, Ill. 60208 www.mjc.umn.edu/about.htm The Marble Works [email protected] 847-866-3960 P.O. Box 886 www.mddcpress.com [email protected] Minnesota Newspaper Association Middlebury, Vt. 05753 www.medill.northwestern.edu/journalism/ Linda Falkman, Executive Director 802-388-0007; fax 802-388-1030 Maynard Institute specialized/religion.html 12 S. Sixth St., Suite 1120 [email protected] for Journalism Education Minneapolis, Minn. 55402 www.salzburgseminar.org 409 Thirteenth St., Ninth Floor Michigan Press Association 612-332-8844; fax 612-342-2958 Oakland, Calif. 94612 Michael MacLaren, Executive Director [email protected] Knight Science Journalism Fellowships 510-891-9202; fax 510-891-9565 827 N. Washington Ave. www.mnnewspapernet.org Boyce Rensberger, Director [email protected] Lansing, Mich. 48906 Knight Science Journalism Fellowships www.maynardije.org 517-372-2424; fax 517-372-2429 Mississippi Press Association Massachusetts Institute of Technology [email protected] Carolyn Wilson, Executive Director Cambridge, Mass. 02139-4307 Media Alliance www.michiganpress.org 351 Edgewood Terrace 617-253-3442; fax 617-258-8100 Jeff Perlstein, Executive Director Jackson, Miss. 39206 [email protected] 814 Mission St. #205 Mid-career and Senior Fellowships 601-981-3060; 601-981-3676 web.mit.edu/knight-science.html San Francisco, Calif. 94103 for Arts Journalists [email protected] 415-546-6334; 415-546-6218 Aileen Torres www.mspress.org Knight-Wallace Fellows at Michigan [email protected] National Arts Journalism Program Charles Eisendrath, Director www.media-alliance.org Columbia University Missouri Press Association University of Michigan Graduate School of Journalism Doug Crews, Executive Director Wallace House The Media Institute 2950 Broadway, Mail Code 7200 802 Locust St. 620 Oxford Road Dane Petersen, Program Director New York, N.Y. 10027 Columbia, Mo. 65201-7799 Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104-2635 1000 Potomac St. N.W., Suite 301 212-854-1912; fax 212-854-8129 573-449-4167; fax 573- 874-5894 734-998-7666; fax 734-998-7979 Washington, D.C. 20007 [email protected] www.mopress.com [email protected] 202-298-7512; 202-337-7092 www.najp.org www.mjfellows.org www.mediainstitute.org Montana Newspaper Association Midlands Media Training Consortium Jim Fall, Executive Director Training in UK and Europe Expedition Block . . . 102 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 103 . . . 103 . . . 103 . . . 103 . . . 103 . . . 103 . . .

825 Great Northern Blvd., Suite 202 Vienna, Va. 22182-3900 138 Neff Annex 212-254-0279; fax 212-254-0673 Helena, Mont. 59601 703-893-2410 or 888-968-7658; Missouri School of Journalism [email protected] 406-443-2850; fax 406-443-2860 fax 703-893-2414 Columbia, Mo. 65211 www.nwu.org www.mtnewspapers.com [email protected] [email protected] www.namme.org www.nicar.org Native American Journalists Association National Association of Black Journalists Mary Annette Pember, President Condace Pressley, President National Association of Science Writers National Lesbian and Gay Mark A. Rolo, Executive Director Tangie Newborn, Executive Director Paul Raeburn, President Journalists Association 3359 36th Ave. S. 8701-A Adelphi Rd Diane McGurgan, Executive Director Robert Dodge, President Minneapolis, Minn. 55406 Adelphi, Md. 20783 P.O. Box 294 Pamela Strother, Executive Director 612-729-9244; fax 612-729-9373 301-445-7100 ext.104 Greenlawn, N.Y. 11740 1420 K St. N.W., Suite 910 [email protected] [email protected] 631-757-5664; fax 631-757-0069 Washington, D.C. 20005 www.naja.com www.nabj.org [email protected] 202-588-9888; fax 202-588-1818 www.nasw.org [email protected] Nebraska Press Association National Association of Broadcasters www.nlgja.org Allen Beermann, Executive Director Edward O. Fritts, President/CEO National Conference of Editorial Writers 845 S St. 1771 N St. N.W. Phil Haslanger, President National Press Foundation Lincoln, Neb. 68508 Washington, D.C. 20036 Cora B. Everett, Executive Secretary Bob Meyers, President 402-476-2851; 800-369-2850; 202-429-5300; 202-429-4199 6223 Executive Blvd. 1211 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 310 fax 402-476-2942 [email protected] Rockville, Md. 20852 Washington, D.C. 20036 [email protected] www.nab.org 301-984-3015; fax 301-231-0026 202-663-7280; fax 202-530-2855 www.nebpress.com [email protected] [email protected] National Association www.ncew.org www.nationalpress.org New England Newspaper Association of Hispanic Journalists George Geers Juan Gonzalez, President National Federation of Press Women National Press Photographers Association 70 Washington St. Anna Lopez, Executive Director Carol Pierce, Executive Director Clyde Mueller, President Salem, Mass. 01970 1000 National Press Building P.O. Box 5556 Greg Garneau, Executive Director 978-744-8940; fax 978-744-0333 529 14th St. N.W. Arlington, Va. 22205 3200 Croasdaile Drive, Suite 306 [email protected] Washington, D.C. 20045 703-534-2500; fax 703-534-5751 Durham, N.C. 27705-2588 www.nenews.org 202-662-7145; fax 202-662-7144 [email protected] 919-383-7246; fax 919-383-7261 [email protected] www.NFPW.org [email protected] Newslab www.nahj.org www.nppa.org 1900 M St. N.W., Suite 210 National Fellowships Washington, D.C. 20036 National Association of Minorities in Education Reporting National Union of Journalists 202-969-2536; fax 202-969-2543 in Communications Education Writers Association Jeremy Dear, General Secretary [email protected] One Centerpointe Drive Suite 410 Lisa Walker 308 Grays Inn Road www.newslab.org La Palma, Calif. 90623 1331 H St. N.W., Suite 307 London, England WC1X 8DP 714-736-9600; fax: 714-736-9699 Washington, D.C. 20005 44-020-7278-7916; fax 44-020-7837-8143 Newspaper Association of America www.namic.com 202-637-9700; fax 202-637-9707 [email protected] David Brown, Vice President [email protected] www.nuj.org.uk 1921 Gallows Road, Suite 600 National Association www.ewa.org Vienna, Va. 22182 of Minority Media Executives National Writers Union 703-902-1600; fax 703-917-0636 Astrid Garcia, President National Institute Jonathan Tasini, President [email protected] Jeanne Fox-Alston, Executive Director for Computer-Assisted Reporting 113 University Place, Sixth Floor www.naa.org 1921 Gallows Road, Suite 600 IRE Membership Coordinator New York, N.Y. 10003 . . . 104 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 105 . . . 105 . . . 105 . . . 105 . . . 105 . . . 105 . . .

Newspaper Guild Northern Illinois 905-639-8720 Pew International Journalists-in- Linda K. Foley, President Newspaper Association [email protected] Residence Fellowships 501 Third St. N.W., Suite 250 Jim Killam, www.ocna.org Pew International Journalism Program Washington, D.C. 20001 Communications Coordinator John Schidlovsky 202-434-7177; 202-434-1472 Northern Star, Northern Organization of News Ombudsmen Johns Hopkins School of Advanced [email protected] Illinois University Sanders LaMont, President International Studies www.newsguild.org Campus Life Building, Suite 130 Ombudsman 1619 Massachusetts Ave., N.W. DeKalb, Ill. 60115. The Sacramento Bee Washington, D.C. 20036 New York Newspaper 815-753-4239 P.O. Box 15779 202-663-7761; fax 202-663-7762 Publishers Association [email protected] Sacramento Calif. 95852 [email protected] 120 Washington Ave. www.star.niu.edu/nina 916-321-1251 www.pewfellowships.org Albany, N.Y. 12210 [email protected] 518-449-1667; fax 518-449-5053 Ohio Newspaper Association www.newsombudsmen.org Pew Research Center www.nynpa.com Frank Deaner, Executive Director 1150 18th St. N.W. 1335 Dublin Road, Suite 216 B Paciﬁc Northwest Suite 975 New York Press Association Columbus, Ohio 43215 Newspaper Association Washington, D.C. 20036 1681 Western Ave. 614-486-6677; fax 614-486-4940 Rowland Thompson, Executive Director 202-293-3126; fax 202-293-2569 Albany, N.Y. 12203 ohionews.org 3838 Stone Way North [email protected] 518-464-6483; fax 518-464-6489 Seattle, Wash. 98103 www.people-press.org www.nynewspapers.com Oklahoma Press Association 206-632-7913; fax 206-634-3842 3601 N. Lincoln Blvd. www.pnna.com Phillips Foundation Nieman Fellowships Oklahoma City, Okla. 73105-5499 Journalism Fellowship Bob Giles, Curator 405-524-4421; fax 405-524-2201 Pennsylvania Newspaper Association The Phillips Foundation Nieman Foundation for Journalism www.okpress.com 3899 N. Front St. John Farley at Harvard University Harrisburg, Pa. 17110 7811 Montrose Road Walter Lippmann House Online News Association 717-703-3000; fax 717-703-3001 Potomac, Md. 20854 One Francis Ave. Bruce Koon, President Foundation fax: 717-703-3008 301-340-2100; fax 301-424-0245 Cambridge, Mass. 02138 Knight Ridder Digital Cathy Ennis: [email protected] [email protected] 617-496-5827; fax 617-495-8976 35 S. Market St. www.pa-newspaper.org www.thephillipsfoundation.org [email protected] San Jose, Calif. 95113 www.nieman.harvard.edu/nieman.html 408-938-6101; fax 408-938-6040 Pew Center for Civic Journalism Poynter Institute [email protected] 1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 420 Jim Naughton, President North Carolina Press Association www.journalists.org Washington, D.C. 20036-4303 801 Third St. S. 5171 Glenwood Ave., Suite 364 202-331-3200; fax 202-347-6440 St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701 Raleigh, N.C. 27612 Online Publishers Association [email protected] 727-821-9494 or 1-888-POYNTER [email protected] 500 Seventh Ave., Eighth Floor www.pewcenter.org/index.php fax 727-821-0583 www.ncpress.com New York, N.Y. 10018 [email protected] 646-698-8071; fax 646-698-8081 Pew Charitable Trusts www.poynter.org North Dakota Newspaper Association [email protected] 2005 Market St., Suite 1700 Roger Bailey, Executive Director www.online-publishers.org Philadelphia, Pa. 19103-7077 Public Radio News Directors Inc. 1435 Interstate Loop 215-575-9050; fax 215-575-4939 Peter Iglinski, President Bismarck, N.D. 58501 Ontario Community [email protected] Connie Walker, Board Representative 701-223-6397; fax 701-223-8185 Newspapers Association www.pewtrusts.com Wisconsin Public Radio www.ndna.com 3050 Harvester Rd. Suite 103 821 University Ave. Burlington, Ont. L7N 3J1 Madison, Wis. 53706 . . . 106 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 107 . . . 107 . . . 107 . . . 107 . . . 107 . . . 107 . . .

608-265-3378; fax 608-263-5838 Rosalynn Carter Fellowships Society of American Business South Dakota Newspaper Association [email protected] for Mental Health Journalism Editors and Writers 527 Main Ave., Suite 202 www.prndi.org Gregory L. Fricchione, Director, Carolyn Guniss, Executive Director PO Box 8100 Mental Health Program University of Missouri Brookings, S.D. 57006-8100 Pulliam Fellowships for Editorial Writing The Carter Center School of Journalism 800-658-3697; fax 605-692-6388 Terence Harper, Executive Director One Copenhill 76 Gannett Hall [email protected] Sigma Delta Chi Foundation, Society 453 Freedom Parkway Columbia, Mo. 65211 www.sdna.com of Professional Journalists Atlanta, Ga. 30307 573-882-8985; fax 573-884-1372 Eugene S. Pulliam National 404-420-5165; fax 404-420-5158 [email protected] Southern Newspaper Journalism Center [email protected] www.sabew.org Publishers Association 3909 N. Meridian St. www.cartercenter.org Edward VanHorn, Executive Director Indianapolis, Ind. 46208-4011 Society of Environmental Journalists P.O. Box 28875 317-927-8000; fax 317-927-4789 Saskatchewan Weekly Jim Bruggers, President Atlanta, Ga. 30358 Newspaper Association Beth Parke, Executive Director 404-256-0444; fax 404-252-9135 Radio-Television News 14-401 45th St. West P.O. Box 2492 www.snpa.org Directors Association Saskatoon, SK S7L 5Z9 Jenkintown, Pa. 19046 Barbara Cochran, President 800-661-7962 or 306-382-9683 215-884-8174; fax 215-884-8175 Tennessee Press Association 1600 K St. N.W., Suite 700 [email protected] [email protected] Ofﬁce Park Circle Washington, D.C. 20006-2838 www.swna.com www.sej.org Knoxville, Tenn. 37909. 202-467-5205; fax 202-223-4007 865-584-5761; fax 865-558-8687 [email protected] Science Writing Fellowships Program Society of Professional Journalists [email protected] www.rtnda.org Pamela Clapp, SWFP Administrative Robert Leger, President www.tntoday.com Director Terrence G. Harper, Executive Director Radio-Television News Marine Biological Laboratory 3909 N. Meridian St. Texas Press Association Directors Foundation Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 Indianapolis, Ind. 46208 Michael Hodges, Executive Director Rosalind Stark, Executive Director 508-289-7423; fax 508-457-1924 317-927-8000; fax 317-920-4789 718 W. Fifth St. 1600 K St. NW, Suite 700 [email protected] [email protected] Austin, Texas 78701 Washington, D.C. 20006-2838 www.mbl.edu www.spj.org 512-477-6755; fax 512-477-6759 202-467-5211; fax 202-223-4007 [email protected] [email protected] Society for Human Resource Management South Asian Journalists Association www.texaspress.com www.rtnda.org 1800 Duke St. Jyoti Thottam, President Alexandria, Va. 22314 Sreenath Sreenivasan, Executive Director UnityJournalists.org Religion Newswriters Association 703-548-3440; fax 703-535-6490 Columbia University 1601 N. Kent St. Debra L. Mason, Executive Director [email protected] School of Journalism Suite 1003 P.O. Box 2037 www.shrm.org 2950 Broadway Arlington, Va. 22209 Westerville, Ohio 43086 New York, N.Y. 10027 703-469-2100; fax 703-469-2108 614-891-9001; fax 614-891-9774 Society for News Design 212-854-5979 [email protected] [email protected] Svenåke Boström, President [email protected] www.unityjournalists.org www.religionwriters.com David B. Gray, Executive Director www.saja.org Society for News Design University of Colorado at Boulder Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation 1130 Ten Rod Road, F 104 South Carolina Press Association Ted Scripps Fellowship 435 N. Michigan Ave. Suite 770 North Kingstown, R.I. 02852-4177 Bill Rogers, Executive Director Len Ackland, Director Chicago, Ill. 60611 401-294-5233; fax 401-294-5238 P.O. Box 11429 Center for Environmental Journalism 312-222-3512 [email protected] Columbia, S.C. 29211 University of Colorado [email protected] www.snd.org 803-750-9561 Campus Box 478 www.rrmtf.org/journalism www.scpress.org . . . 108 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 109 . . . 109 . . . 109 . . . 109 . . . 109 . . . 109 . . .

In any economic climate, finding useful and Boulder, Colo. 80309-0478 213-821-1277; fax 213-740-8624 Washington, D.C. 20301-1400 affordable seminars for mid-career journal- 303-492-4114; fax 303-492-0969 [email protected] 703-697-5737 ists is rare if not impossible. But in these [email protected] www.WKConline.org www.dtic.mil/bosnia difficult financial times, editors struggle just www.colorado.edu/journalism/cej to keep their newsrooms whole. Training Wisconsin Newspaper Association BuzzWhack trips to Poynter, API and other noted jour- University of Hawaii Asia Fellowships Bonnie Fechtner, Office Manager 1106 Graychal Lane nalist-training centers are cut out of budg- D.W.Y. Kwok 3822 Mineral Point Road Kennett Square, Penn. 19348 ets early. The Annenberg seminar (“Cover- Program for Journalists P.O. Box 5580 [email protected] ing Police in Times of Crisis,” Dec. 5-8, University of Hawaii Madison, Wis. 53705 www.buzzwhack.com 2001) was top-notch by any standard, but Sakamaki Hall B-101 608-238-7171 or 800-261-4242 it carried a special value. Annie-Laurie Blair 2530 Dole St. (in Wisconsin); fax 608-238-4771 Copy Editor of The Enquirer not only returned a better Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2383 www.wnanews.com McMurry Campus Center editor, but she also returned to spread the 808-956-7733; fax 808-956-9600 1010 E. Missouri wealth with newsroom staff at The Enquir- [email protected] Phoenix, Ariz. 85014 er about what she learned at the University Information Web sites www.mcmurry.com of Southern California. … It was valuable U.S.-Japan Foundation and e-mail addresses www.copyeditor.com learning for everybody. Media Fellows Program Mark Tice AssignmentEditor.com Current — Ward Bushee Japan Society 400 N. Noble, Suite 102 Bi-weekly newspaper about Editor and Vice President 333 East 47th St. Chicago, Ill. 60022 public broadcasting. The Cincinnati Enquirer New York, N.Y. 10017 312-432-9911; fax 312-432-9944 Current Publishing Committee 212-715-1222 [email protected] Washington, D.C. Doug Birch was always one of The Balti- [email protected] www.AssignmentEditor.com 202-463-7055 more Sun’s best reporters, but it took a fel- www.japansociety.org [email protected] lowship at MIT to lift him (or, more pre- Babel Fish www.current.org cisely, to help him lift himself) to his full Utah Press Association Translates Chinese, French, German, potential as a science writer. After he 307 West 200 South; Suite 4006 Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese Cyber Journalist.net returned to The Sun, he undertook a wildly Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 and Spanish to and from English. Resource for on-line journalists ambitious project to explain the revolution 801-328-8678; fax 801-328-2226 world.altavista.com [email protected] in genetics. To do so, he told the life story www.utahpress.com www.cyberjournalist.net of an eccentric and brilliant scientist, Backhaul Hamilton Smith. As a human tale, it was Virginia Press Association Daily e-zine indexes Cyber Paperboy fascinating and poignant. And in the Lawrence McConnell, President [email protected] Online stories and links to course of telling it, Birch gave his readers 11006 Lakeridge Parkway pages.prodigy.net/jwbrett newspaper Web sites a clear, memorable explanation of the Ashland, Va. 23005 Barabara’s News Researcher’s Page www.cyberpaperboy.com/ human genome project and the science 804-550-2361; fax 804-550-2407 Barbara Gellis Shapiro that led to it. I’ve never read a more www.vpa.net [email protected] DefenseLINK impressive story on the subject, and I www.gate.net/%7Ebarbara/index.html News releases, contract announcements, doubt that Doug would have undertaken it Western Knight Center memos for correspondents, press without the opportunity to go to MIT and for Specialized Journalism BosniaLINK advisories, briefing transcripts and catch his second wind as a science writer. Vikki Porter, Director Information about U.S. military activities news photos Annenberg School for Communication in Operation JOINT FORGE, the NATO OASD(PA)/DPC — John Carroll University of Southern California peacekeeping mission in Bosnia. 1400 Defense Pentagon, Room 1E757 Editor, Los Angeles Times 3502 Watt Way OASD(PA)/DPC Washington, D.C. 20301-1400 (former editor of Los Angeles, Calif. 90089-0281 1400 Defense Pentagon, Room 1E757 703-697-5737 The Sun, Baltimore) www.defenselink.mil . . . 110 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 111 . . . 111 . . . 111 . . . 111 . . . 111 . . . 111 . . .

Dictionary of Computing Terms European Journalism Centre FindLaw [email protected] (Susan Logue, Denis Howe EJC Secretariat Legal information for journalists Project Director) foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html Postal address: doing research. [email protected] (JP Dunn, Sonneville-lunet 10 Steve Noel Project Specialist) Editor & Publisher Interactive 6221 KT Maastricht, Netherlands 650-210-1940 www.lib.siu.edu/cni/homepage.html 770 Broadway Visiting address: snoel@findlaw.com New York, N.Y. 10003-9595 Avenue Ceramique 50 www.findlaw.com Freep JobsPage (Joe Grimm) Editorial Phone: 646-654-5270 Maastricht, Netherlands Answers about newspaper careers. Editorial Fax: 646-654-5370 31-43-325-40-30; fax 31-43-321–26-26 First Amendment [email protected] Online Editorial Phone: 646-654-5274 [email protected] (Constitution of the United States com- www.freep.com/jobspage/index.htm www.editorandpublisher.com www.ejc.nl/default.asp plete text) www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/consti- Hartford Community College, Conn., Electronic Media ExpertSource tution.table.html Guide to Grammar & Writing Weekly newspaper of broadcast, Access to authoritative academic webster.commnet.edu/grammar/index.htm cable and interactive media and industry sources First Amendment Center 6500 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 2300 [email protected] [email protected] Headwaters News Los Angeles, Calif. 90048 www.businesswire.com/expertsource/ www.freedomforum.org/first/default.asp Rocky Mountain region Editorial 323-370-2432; of North America fax 323-653-4425 Facts About Newspapers First Amendment Cyber-Tribune [email protected] Sales 323-370-2412; fax 323-655-8157 Newspaper Association of America. Information on all the liberties www.headwatersnews.org/ [email protected] Resource Center, 703-902-1692. guaranteed by the amendment. www.emonline.com For media inquiries, contact the NAA [email protected] Highschooljournalism.org Public Relations office, 703-902-1737. w3.trib.com/FACT ASNE Elements of Style To order a copy of Facts About Newspa- 11690B Sunrise Valley Drive [email protected] pers, call 800-651-4NAA and ask Freedom of Expression Links Reston, Va. 20191-1409 www.bartleby.com/141/strunk3.html for product 50136. Lists of censorship resources. Diana Mitsu Klos, Senior Project Director www.naa.org/info/facts00/index.html Sandra Bernstein 703-453-1125 E-Media Tidbits [email protected] [email protected] 1067 Marble Court Federal Election Commission insight.mcmaster.ca/org/efc/pages/ highschooljournalism.org Boulder, Colo. 80303 999 E St. N.W. chronicle/censor.html 303-543-7810; fax: 720-294-1095 Washington, D.C. 20463 HR Online (HR Information) [email protected] 800-424-9530 or 202-694-1100 Freedom of Information Center Searchable job database www.content-exchange.com/weblog/ For the hearing impaired, Access to government documents [email protected] weblog.htm TTY 202-219-3336 and information. www.hr2000.com/ www.fec.gov 127 Neff Annex Eurasia Research Center University of Missouri HR-esource (HR resources) The Balkans, Baltic States, Central FedWorld Columbia, Mo. 65211 Provides legal and regulatory informa- Europe, the Caucasus, formerly Soviet A site for locating government information 573-882-4856; fax 573-882-9002 tion to legal, human resource, business Central Asia, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, www.fedworld.gov [email protected] and other professionals Moldova, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, web.missouri.edu/~foiwww/ 800-328-4880 ext. 66470 and Pakistan. Finding Data Online: [email protected] [email protected] A Journalist’s Guide Freedom of the Press: A Bibliography www.hr-esource.com eurasianews.com/erc/homepage.htm nilesonline.com/data [email protected] (David Koch, Director of Special Collections Insert Text Here & Development) A collection of Web sites to aid journal- . . . 112 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 113 . . . 113 . . . 113 . . . 113 . . . 113 . . . 113 . . .

ists in ﬁnding jobs and conducting [email protected] 888-392-4832; fax 707-215-6077 Cox Academy Schedule of Classes research for articles. excellent.com.utk.edu/JMCE 514-555-555 Spring 2002 – Atlanta Journal-Constitution Michelle Nicolosi Leave a 30-second message. (typical training schedule) [email protected] Journalism and Research Web Ring www.journalismnet.com www.inserttexthere.com Bookmarks on the Web sites of Feb. 21 Copy-editing crash course professional journalists, researchers, JournalistExpress Feb. 26 Open records, open meeting International Journalists’ Network government agencies, news agencies, Research portal for journalists. Feb. 28 Libel/invasion of privacy Media-assistance news, journalism and others. www.journalistexpress.com Apr. 16 Tone up (Photoshop tips) training opportunities, reports on the s.webring.com/hub?ring=hacks Apr. 18 Take note of this (note taking) state of the media around the world, Journalistic Resources Page Apr. 25 Scalpel, please (tight writing) media directories. Journalism Job Bank Resource guide for journalists. Apr. 30 Coaching 1616 H St. N.W., Third Floor Graduate School of Journalism www.markovits.com/journalism/ May 2 Math for dummies by a Washington, D.C. 20006 121 North Gate Hall #5860 math dummy 202-737-3700; fax 202-737-0530 University of California at Berkeley Journalist’s Guide to the Internet May 7 ArchiText power user [email protected] Berkeley, Calif. 94720-5860 Christopher Callahan, Associate Dean May 13 Writing for ajc.com www.ijnet.org 510-642-3383; fax 510-643-9136 University of Maryland May 14 Cracking nonproﬁts www.journalism.berkeley.edu/jobs College of Journalism May 14 Writing for A1 Internet Journalism Resources [email protected] May 20 Leave the laptop; pick up a Palm For journalism students enrolled in Journalism Resources reporter.umd.edu May 21 Craft of writing International Communication or any A collection of journalism links for May 23 Clocks, boxes and martini glasses related courses. students and professional journalists. Journalist’s Toolbox (organizing stories) Professor Shelton Gunaratne bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/journalism/ Resources to the media and researchers. May 29 May the source be with you [email protected] Mike Reilley Mar. 6-27 Distance learning program for www.mnstate.edu/gunarat/ijr Journalism, Mass Communications, [email protected] six newsroom managers from and New Media Web Sites www.journaliststoolbox.com six Cox newspapers on manag- Jobline: Corporation for Public Dr. Paul Martin Lester, Professor ing the relationship with your Broadcasting California State University, Fullerton Kennedy School of Government boss; interviewing and hiring, [email protected] 714-278-5302 Research directory for journalists. and motivation. www.cpb.org/jobline/ [email protected] Alberto Abadie commfaculty.fullerton.edu/lester/ 617-496-4547 Contact: Michael Schwartz, Cox Newspa- Journal of Mass Media Ethics curriculum/schools.html sparky.harvard.edu/research.shtml pers training manager, Deni Elliott, [email protected] University Professor of Ethics JournalismJobs.com Interviews MapQuest Practical Ethics Center, Interviews conducted by Online atlas. University of Montana JournalismJobs.com founder Dan Rohn. [email protected] Missoula, Mont. 59812 415- 420-8422 www.mapquest.com 406-243-5744 [email protected] [email protected] www.journalismjobs.com/interview_ Maps in the News jmme.byu.edu links.cfm John R. Borchert Map Library Brent Allison Journalism & Mass JournalismNet [email protected] Communication Educator A search tool for journalists in www-map.lib.umn.edu/news.phtml James A. Crook all areas of media. School of Journalism Julian Sher University of Tennessee [email protected] . . . 114 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 115 . . . 115 . . . 115 . . . 115 . . . 115 . . . 115 . . .

Media Channel Museum of Broadcast Communications Newseum On-line Resources for Journalists. Political, cultural and social impacts Chicago Cultural Center 1101 Wilson Blvd. St. Louis SPJ of the media, large and small. Michigan Avenue at Washington Street Arlington, Va. 22209 Staci D. Kramer [email protected] Chicago, Ill. 60602-4801 [email protected] [email protected] www.mediachannel.org 312-629-6000 www.newseum.org www.stlouisspj.org/resources.html www.mbcnet.org Media Human Resources Association NewsJobs.Net Paperboy 1800 Duke St. Museum of Television and Radio [email protected] Journalists guide to other journalists’ Alexandria, Va. 22314-1943 The Museum in Los Angeles www.newsjobs.net work from around the world. 800-283-SHRM or 703-548-3440 465 N. Beverly Drive [email protected] TDD: 703-548-.6999 Beverly Hills, Calif. Newspaper Design: www.thepaperboy.com [email protected] 310-786-1025 Design with Reason shrem.org/mhra/index.html The Museum in New York [email protected] PC Mike 25 West 52nd St. www.ronreason.com/index.html Journalists resource guide to PCs The Media Institute New York, N.Y. and current technology. Specializing in communications 212-621-6800 or 212-621-6600 NewsPlace for News and Sources Mike Wendland policy and the First Amendment. www.mtr.org Journalists research tool for news. [email protected] 1000 Potomac St. N.W., Suite 301 and news sources. www.pcmike.com Washington, D.C. 20007 NAA Employlink Professor Avi Bass 202-298-7512; fax 202-337-7092 On-line classiﬁed job listings, hosted by [email protected] Pew Center Civic Journalism Job Board www.mediainst.org the Newspaper Association of America. www.niu.edu/newsplace Pew Center for Civic Journalism Jonathan Watson, 703-902-1646 1101 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 420 Media Lab [email protected] Newsthinking.com Washington, DC 20036-4303 MIT Media Laboratory www.naa.org/employlink www.newsthinking.com 202-331-3200; fax 202-347-6440 Communications and [email protected] Sponsor Relations. NAB Broadcast Career Center Nieman Reports www.pewcenter.org/doingcj/ Room E15-234, 20 Ames St. 1771 N St. N.W. Bob Giles, Curator jobboard.php Cambridge, Mass. 02139-4307 Washington, D.C., 20036-2891 617-495-2237 617-253-0338; fax 617-258-6264 202-429-5490; fax 202-429-4199 www.nieman.harvard.edu Planetmedia [email protected] [email protected] A media job board, focusing www.media.mit.edu www.nab.org/bcc No Train, No Gain primarily on television. Newspaper training editors’ 758 Haddonstone Circle MediaLine National Diversity Newspaper Job Bank exercises and ideas. Suite 102 More than 100 persons’ resumes www.newsjobs.com/splash.html Dolf Els Heathrow, Fla. 32746 and samples of their tapes. [email protected] Fax 407-833-0066 [email protected] National Freedom www.notrain-nogain.org/ [email protected] www.medialine.com of Information Coalition www.planetmedia.net [email protected] OJR Job Board MegaSources www.nfoic.org Resource for job seekers and employers Power Reporting Resources Research sources for journalists. in the on-line content and on-line jour- Thousands of free research tools for [email protected] National Press Club nalism industry. journalists, annotated and updated daily. www.ryerson.ca/~dtudor/ 529 14th St. N.W. [email protected] Bill Dedman megasources.htm 13th Floor www.newstream.com/splash 773-529-7682 or 800-798-6144 Washington, D.C. 20045 [email protected] [email protected] powerreporting.com npc.press.org . . . 116 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 117 . . . 117 . . . 117 . . . 117 . . . 117 . . . 117 . . .

Presstime Reporter.org Scoop Cybersleuth Star Archive Selected articles from Presstime, the A variety of resources for journalists, Search the internet for keywords. Contact information of thousands magazine of the Newspaper Association journalism educators and the public. scoop.evansville.net/getaclue.html of celebrities. of America. Also supplementary material. [email protected] [email protected] Terry Poltrack reporter.org Seminar Information Service www.stararchive.com [email protected] Comprehensive guide to business www.naa.org/presstime Reporters Committee and technical seminars worldwide. Stateline.org for Freedom of the Press 17752 Skypark Circle, Suite 210 Development of major issues on PressWise Trust Free legal help to journalists Irvine, Calif. 92614 the public agenda in a number of states. Assistance to those with complaints and news organizations. 949-261-9104; fax 949-261-1963 c/o Pew Center on the States about inaccurate, intrusive or 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Suite 900, [email protected] 1101 30th St. N.W. sensational coverage in UK. Arlington, Va. 22209 www.seminarinformation.com Suite 301 [email protected] 800-336-4243 or 703-807-2100 Washington, D.C. 20007 www.presswise.org.uk [email protected] Shorenstein Center 202-965-5035; fax 202-339-6153 www.rcfp.org Research center dedicated to exploring [email protected] Project for Excellence in Journalism the intersection of press, politics and www.stateline.org Pew Charitable Trusts Reporters Committee public policy. 1900 M St. N.W., Suite 210 for Freedom of the Press 79 JFK St. Statistics About the Media Washington, D.C. 20036 First Amendment Handbook 2nd Floor Taubman Media Awareness Network 202-293-7394; fax 202-293-6946 www.rcfp.org/handbook/viewpage.cgi Cambridge, Mass. 02138 1500 Merivale Road, Third Floor [email protected] 617-495-8269 Ottawa, Ont. K2E 6Z5 www.journalism.org/ Reporter’s Desktop www.ksg.harvard.edu/shorenstein 613-224-7721 or 800-896-3342; Duff Wilson fax 613-224-1958 Quill 206-464-2288 Sources and Experts [email protected] Society of Professional Journalists [email protected] Kitty Bennett www.media-awareness.ca/eng/issues/ 3909 N. Meridian St. www.reporter.org/desktop [email protected] stats/index.htm Indianapolis, Ind. 46208 www.ibiblio.org/slanews/internet/ 317-927-8000; fax 317-920-4789 The Reporters Network experts.html Statistics Every Writer Should Know [email protected] Bob Sablatura, Director Statistical information for journalists. spj.org/quill P.O. Box 920868 SportsPages.com nilesonline.com/stats/ Houston, Texas 77292 Links to the sports sections of the major Reliable Sources – Transcripts 281-273-1258 U.S. papers, broadcast sites. Stop the Presses Transcripts of every episode of [email protected] [email protected] Report on the status of interactive CNN’s Reliable Sources, dating back www.reporters.net www.sportspages.com media, especially the Internet. to January 2000. Steve Outing 800-CNN-NEWS RobertNiles.com sree.net [email protected] www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/ Develop better analytical skills. A journalist’s resource guide. www.mediainfo.com/editorandpublisher/ www.robertniles.com Columbia University features_columns/index.jsp Repetitive Stress Injury Graduate School of Journalism Information on RSIs and how Rundown 2950 Broadway Student Press Law Center to avoid them. Reports to television executives on New York, N.Y. 10027 Legal-assistance agency devoted [email protected] local television news, programming, 212- 854-5979 exclusively to educating high school www.amara.com/aboutme/rsi.html and community-service projects. [email protected] and college journalists about the rights [email protected] www.sree.net and responsibilities embodied in www.tvrundown.com the First Amendment. . . . 118 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . . . 119 . . . 119 . . . 119 . . . 119 . . . 119 . . . 119 . . .

1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Suite 900 staffing resources, relevant editorial Truth or Fiction White House Publications Arlington, Va. 22209 and other business tools and A web site where Internet users can quick- White House press releases for journalists. 703-807-1904 networking opportunities. ly and easily get information about eRu- The White House [email protected] www.trainingsupersite.com mors, warnings, offers, requests for help, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. www.splc.org and humorous or inspirational stories that Washington, D.C. 20500 Toll Free Phone Directory are circulated by e-mail. 202-456-1414; fax 202-456-2461 Suburban Newspapers of America Find a toll-free phone number. staff@truthorfiction.com www.whitehouse.gov/news 401 N. Michigan Ave. AnyWho Directory Service www.truthorfiction.com Chicago, Ill. 60611-4267 P.O. Box 944028 Workforce Online 312-644-6610; fax 312-527-6658 Maitland, Fla. 32794-4028 TVnewz Jobs (Workforce Magazine site) [email protected] www.anywho.com/tf.html TV journalism positions. 245 Fischer Ave., Suite B-2 www.suburban-news.org [email protected] Costa Mesa, Calif. 92626 Townhall.com www.tvnewz.com/jobs.htm 714-751-1883 Telecommunications Act of 1996 Conservative public policy. www.workforce.com Information about the FCC’s role in Town Hall USUS Internet Guide implementing the law that lets any 214 Massachusetts Ave. N.E. This site is directed toward Working Reporter communications business compete in Washington, D.C. 20002 journalists who are just starting to [email protected] any market against any other. 202-608-6099; fax 202-544-7330 use the Internet for research. workingreporter.com/ [email protected] [email protected] Florence Le Bihan www.fcc.gov/telecom.html www.townhall.com fl[email protected] World Association of Newspapers www.usus.org 25 rue d’Astorg The Trainers Warehouse TracerLock 75008 Paris, France (tools for trainers) Stores search terms for you, and Virtual Acquisition Shelf and News Desk 33-1 47 42 85 00; Resource of hard-to-find products for e-mails you whenever it finds newly Journalists guide with articles on fax 33-1 47 42 49 48 presenters and a resource that develops published material on the Web that a multitude of topics. www.fiej.org and markets quality products designed matches your query. Gary Price: [email protected] to help presenters of all kinds. [email protected] resourceshelf.blogspot.com World Dates Archive 89 Washington Ave. www.tracerlock.com [email protected] Natick, Mass. 01760 Virtual Institute of Information [email protected] 800-299-3770 Training & Development Information on the economic, business, www.dailyglobe.com/day2day.html www.trainerswarehouse.com Community Center policy, and social aspects of telecom- Gateway to a “virtual” gold mine of munications, cybercommunications, World Press Freedom Committee The Training Registry resources for the T&D/HR community. and mass media. Assistance to news media needing it. Directory of training courses, www.tcm.com/trdev/ [email protected] 703-715-9811; fax 703-620-6790 trainers, training products, classroom www.vii.org [email protected] and training facility rentals, business Trend Alert (Roger Herman’s Webmaster: Kumar Dattatreyan and consulting services, professional trend information) Washington Press Club Foundation [email protected] speakers and books. 3300 Battleground Ave., Suite 403 Serves as a meeting ground for women www.wpfc.org 919-847-0331 Greensboro, N.C. 27410-2447 reporters and public figures. [email protected] 336-282-9370; fax 336-282-2003 npc.press.org/wpforal/about.htm World Press Review www.trainingregistry.com 800-227-3566 Alice Chasan [email protected] Web Journal of Mass 700 Broadway The Training Supersite www.herman.net Communication Research New York, N.Y. 10003 (training resources) Guido Stempel, Editor 212-982-8880 Information on learning, training/ [email protected] [email protected] www.scripps.ohiou.edu/wjmcr/ www.worldpress.org . . . 120 . . . NEWSROOM TRAINING: WHERE’S THE INVESTMENT? . .

WWW Resources Journalist resources on the World Wide Web. Hal Doran Associates [email protected] www.synapse.net/~radio/welcome.html

WWW Virtual Library: Journalism A research tool for journalists. John Makulowich [email protected] vlib.org/Communication.html

Yearbook of Experts, Authorities and Spokespersons Search engine of experts on a variety of topics, designed for journalists looking for sources. [email protected] www.expertclick.com