2.1. Demographic characteristics………………………………….. 1 2.2. Socio-economic Profile………………………………………….. 2 2.3. Electioneering and Political Information……………………. 2 2.4. 1992 Election Results…………………………………………… 2 2.5. 1997 Election Results…………………………………………… 2 2.6. Main problems……………………………………………………. 2

3. Constitution Making/Review Process…………………………… 3

3.1. Constituency Constitutional Forums (CCFs)………………. 3 3.2. District Coordinators……………………………………………. 5

4. Civic Education………………………………………………………… 6 4.1. Phases covered in Civic Education…………………………… 6 4.2. Issues and Areas Covered……………………………………… 6 5. Constituency Public Hearings……………………………………… 6 5.1. Logistical Details…………………………………………………. 5.2. Attendants Details……………………………………………….. 6 5.3. Concerns and Recommendations…………………………….. 7 7 Appendices 42 1. DISTRICT CONTEXT

Nyando constituency is in Nyando District. Nyando District is one of 12 districts of the Nyanza Province of Kenya.

1.1 Demographic Characteristics

Male Female Total District Population by Sex 146,635 153,295 299,930 Total District Population Aged 18 years & 83,608 80,903 164,511 Below Total District Population Aged Above 18 years 63,027 72,392 135,419

Population Density (persons/Km2) 257

1.2 Socio-Economic Profile

Nyando District:

• Is one of the least densely populated districts in the province, being ranked 8th of the 12 districts; • Has the highest primary school enrolment rate in the province and nationally at 144%; • Has a secondary school enrolment rate of 21.6% being ranked 5th in the province and 26th nationally; • Economic mainstay are growing of rice and oilseed, and fishing; and • Experiences the following main diseases: Malaria, Respiratory Tract Infections, Skin Diseases and Infections, Diarrhoea diseases, and Urinary Tract Infections.

Nyando district has 3 constituencies: Nyando, Muhoroni, and Nyakach Constituencies. The district’s 3 MPs, each cover on average an area of 389 Km2 to reach 99,977 constituents. This is an opposition stronghold. In the 1997 general elections, NDP won all the parliamentary seats. It won Nyando, Muhoroni, and Nyakach constituencies with 82.56%, 83.93%, and 86.59% valid votes respectively.

2. CONSITUENCY PROFILE

Nyando Consists of Kochieng’, Kawino, Kombuma and Bwanda Location of Kadibo Division; and Kakola, Kochogo, Onjiko, Kikolo and Awasi Locations of Nyando Division of Kisumu.

2.1 Demographic Characteristics

Total Area Km2 Density (persons/Km2) Constituency Population 113,425 412.00 275.3

2 2.2 Socio-Economic Profile

Nyando benefits from its proximity to Kisumu District. Its economic activities are rice and oilseed farming and some fishing.

2.3 Electioneering and Political Information

Addressing development issues alone does not determine the outcome of the contests. Far more decisive is the party affiliation, particularly the NDP. In 2002, the National Rainbow Coalition won the seat.

2.4 1992 General Election Results

1992 TOTAL REGISTERED VOTERS 32,897

CANDIDATE PARTY VOTES % VALID VOTES Otieno Karan FORD-K 26,096 98.74 Miruka Owuor KANU 332 1.26 Total Valid Votes 29,706 100.00 Rejected Votes - Total Votes Cast 26,428 % Turnout 74.57 % Rejected/Cast 0.00

2.5 1997 General Election Results

1997 TOTAL REGISTERED VOTERS 36,606

CANDIDATE PARTY VOTES % VALID VOTES Geoffrey P. O. Otita NDP 23,229 85.26 Paul D. Gogo KANU 1,867 6.85 Clarkson O. Karan SDP 1,169 4.29 Lukas A. Owaga FORD-K 981 3.60 Total Valid Votes 27,246 100.00 Rejected Votes 133 Total Votes Cast 27,379 % Turnout 74.73 % Rejected/Cast 0.49

2.6 Main Problems

3 Like the rest of Nyanza, Nyando is characterized by poverty, lack of education and health facilities, and poor communication network as the key development issues. Floods have also plagued Nyando.

4 3. CONSTITUTION MAKING/REVIEW PROCESS

3.1. Constituency Constitutional Forums (CCFs)

3.1.1. Philosophy

The Constituency Constitutional Forum (CCF) plays a very significant role in the review of the constitution. It is designated as one of the organs ‘ through which the review process shall be conducted’ - (sec. 4(1) of the Constitution of Kenya Review Act, Cap.3A). The importance attached to the CCF arises from the recognition of the need to involve the people fully in the review of the constitution. Only through such participation of the public will the new constitution reflect the preferences, hopes and aspirations of the people. It would also increase people’s knowledge of constitutional issues, and facilitate their familiarity with the provisions of the new constitution. Additionally, the process, enhances the legitimacy of the constitution among Kenyans and their sense of ownership over it. In these ways the proper implementation and safeguarding of the constitution will be facilitated.

3.1.2. Composition and Establishment

The 1997 Review Act had provided for district forums ‘to mobilize communities at the local level for the purpose of civic education in preparation for the Commission’s work and to perform such other duties as the Commission may assign’ - (sec. 12A (6). The District Forums were to consist of members elected to represent locations, religious organizations, and the disabled, in addition to MPs and members of every local authority in the district. The Act contained several provisions prescribing minimum qualifications for membership and regulating the operations of the District Forums.

The Select Committee of the National Assembly, which reviewed the Act in early 2000, decided to replace the District Forums with Constituency Forums to get views ‘ directly from the people in the constituency without necessarily going through the rigours of an election to determine the members of the forum’. It thought that this would provide for a more popular form of participation. It recommended on the simplification of the forum to avoid elections. The Select Committee envisaged the constituency forum as and ‘open forum with no specific structures’, which should be ‘ flexible and easy to manage’. Its opinion was that the ‘existing leadership comprising Members of Parliament, councilors, community based organizations, religious groups and individuals should be able to present views and opinions directly from the grassroots’ ( The Report of the Parliamentary Select Committee Reviewing the Constitution of Kenya Review Act,1997, April 2000). It removed the regulatory powers of the Commission over the forum, its role being confined to the ‘facilitation’ of the forum. It also changed the function of the forum from the facilitation of civic education to also include facilitation and the collection of the views of the public on proposals to alter the constitution.

In view of the limited role of the CKRC in the establishment of the CCF’s, the CKRC prepared and gazetted Guidelines for the operationalization of the constituency constitutional forums. The Guidelines stipulated that all the residents of a constituency would constitute the CCF. The CCF is described as one of the organs ‘ through which the review process shall be conducted’ - (sec.4(1)). The CCF was thus one of the principal ways in which the views of the public were to be obtained.

5 In order to coordinate and facilitate the activities of the CCF, a Constituency Constitutional Committee (CCC) was to be established. The Guidelines proposed its membership to consist of 10 persons, of which three would be ex-officio: the local MP, the chair of the County Council in which the constituency is located, and the District Coordinator. The Guidelines stated that the membership would be as broad and representative of the people of the constituency as possible and recommended that at least a third of the committee should be women.

3.1.3. Functions of CCF

• Facilitation of collection of the views of the public at the constituency level on proposals to alter the constitution; and • Debate and discussion of the views of the members of the public on proposals to alter the constitution.

In performance of these functions, the CKRC was required to visit all constituencies (Sec.18 (1)(a)).

3.1.4. Functions of CCC

• The functions of the CCC were mainly facilitative and advisory, the primary aim being to enhance the effective participation in the ownership of the constitution review process by the people at the constituency level; • The CCC was also mandated to promote, facilitate and monitor civic education at the constituency level in collaboration with the District Coordinator and civic education providers; • Additionally, the CCC had to ensure that the constituency had access to all information relevant to the review process in coordination with District Documentation centers; and • Finally, the CCC was also mandated with the task of dissemination of the report of the CKRC. It was to be assisted in this by the District Coordinator, who was also its accounting officer, in relation to funds that were made available to it by CKRC.

It is important to emphasize that the Guidelines were advisory, and the local community was free to modify them to suit local circumstances. For example, the size of the CCC could be increased when and if adequate representation and diversity required it.

6 3.1.5. Date of Commencement of Work

The Constituency Constitutional Forum (CCF) was to run for an initial period commencing November 2001 up to September 2002. Accordingly, each Constituency Constitutional Committee (CCC) should have been constituted at the very latest by the end of November 2001. The Constituency Constitutional Forum was to be operational by that time.

3.2. District Coordinators

3.2.1. Mandate/Terms of Reference

• Be the local grass root representative; • Perform the generalization activities in the district; • Be in charge of the documentation center/s in the district, facilitate its/their respective management, ensuring they are stocked and are easily accessible to the public and also organize their safety and security; • Gathering any relevant local information and materials for the purpose of constitution making; • Facilitate the identification, classification and organization of the physical and electronic retrieval and dissemination of information and materials for constitution making; • Supply such information needed by local constituency forums and committees; • Liaise with other documentation centers nearby and others for information; • In collaboration with constituency committees, identify and arrange venues for public hearing whenever the CKRC visits the constituencies in their area; • Facilitate regular meetings of the constituency committees and involve local people as much as possible in discussing constitutional issues; • Source and identify other key personnel that the CKRC may wish to consult or engage in its work; • Identify and arrange for simultaneous local translations, sign language users, procurement and hiring of public address systems, transport and communication facilities for CKRC’s meetings in the district; • Monitor the implementation of civic education by civic education providers in the district; • Facilitate the formation of constituency committees with guidance and assistance of CKRC; and • Perform any other tasks as directed by CKRC.

3.2.2. Criteria for Appointment

• Diversity in the composition, taking into account ethnicity, age, religion and professional or occupational background; and • Appointees had at least attained Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education or its equivalent.

7 4. CIVIC EDUCATION

Civic education in the constitution was carried out between 15th March 2002 and 26th May 2002

4.1. Phases in civic education

Stage 1 is the only phase that has been covered. This is the stage preceding collection of views. This stage dealt with information, knowledge, skills and virtues that enabled Kenyans have an informed choice and present their views on constitutional review.

4.2. Issues and areas covered

• Constitution: models, types and meaning • People’s participation in review process • Organs of review • Rights and freedom of individual • Disabilities • Marginalized communities • Ethics morals and social justice • Organs and levels of government

5.0 CONSTITUENCY PUBLIC HEARINGS

5.1 Logistical Details:

1. Date and Number of Days for Public Hearings a) Date(s): 12th and 13th June 2002 a) Total Number of Days: 2

1. Venue a) Number of Venues: 2 a) Venue(s): 1) Otieno Oyoo High School 2) Ahero Multipurpose Training Institute

1. Panels a) Commissioners 1. Com. Bishop Bernard Njoroge Kariuki 2. Com. Abubakar Zein Abubakar

a) Secretariat 1. Evelyn Oballa - Programme Officer 2. Yvonne Masinde - Asst. Programme Officer 3. Vivian Muli - Verbatim Recorder

8 5.2 Attendance Details Category Details Number Number of People 91 Who Presented Male 77 Sex Female 13 Not Stated 1 Individual 61 Presenter Type Institutions 25 Not Stated 5 Primary Level 21 Secondary/High School Level 46 College 7 University 11 Educational Background None 5 Not Stated 1 Other (Adult Education/Vernacular/Madrasa/Informal 0 Education) Memoranda 1 Oral 60

Form of Written 1 Presentation Oral + Memoranda 6 Oral + Written 23 Not Stated 0

5.3 Concerns and Recommendations

The following are the recommendations made by the presenters in Nyando Constituency. The recommendations were collated around 43 areas of concern, from the Preamble to National integrity/identity. Only areas where recommendations were made in the constituency are covered. The numbers in parentheses represent the number of times the recommendation (bulleted) was made, either orally or through written memoranda. Each count on a specific recommendation was picked from an individual, a group or an organization. Where a presenter made different recommendations on the same area of concern, each recommendation was counted separately. Where no number appears in parentheses, the recommendation was made only once.

5.3.1 PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION

9 • The constitution should have a preamble (11) • There should be a preamble in the constitution reflecting national vision (3) • There should be a preamble in the constitution reflecting national policy, gender equality, social justice and all enriched in coalition • The constitution should have a preamble which shows Kenyan vision • The constitution should have a preamble which includes basic principles, gender, children, national values and philosophy • The constitution should have a preamble which includes the struggle against exploitation, corruption injustices and discrimination.

5.3.2 DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY.

• The constitution should ensure the continuity of pluralism • The constitution should define Kenyan boundaries, national language and the flag. • The constitution should state that all Kenyans are equal and shall be respected by the law. • The constitution should provide for statements in our constitution capturing national philosophy and guiding principles. • The constitution should show democratic principles of freedom of choice in the constitution. • The constitution should provide that the republic of Kenya shall be sovereign and democratic. • The constitution should be based on democratic principles of freedom of choice of leaders and participation. • The constitution should provide that the national sovereignty belongs to Kenyans individually and collectively and shall exercise through popularly elected representatives. • The constitution should provide for equality of status and opportunity for all persons.

5.3.3 CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY.

• The constitution should empower parliament to amend the constitution with a 99% vote • The constitution should empower parliament to amend the constitution with a 90% vote • The constitution should empower parliament to amend the constitution with a 65% vote • The constitution should limit Parliament’s power in amendments (3) • The constitution should NOT limit Parliament’s power in amendments (3). • The constitution should provide that a constitutional amendment should only be through a public referendum (4). • The constitution should provide that referendums shall be conducted by the judiciary. • The constitution should have authority throughout Kenya. • The constitution should not be tampered with for five years

5.3.4 CITIZENSHIP.

• The constitution should provide that children born of Kenyan parents regardless of the parent’s residence should be entitled to automatic citizenship (5). • The constitution should provide that citizenship should be easily attainable by all Kenyans • The constitution should provide that citizenship can also be acquired through naturalization. • Spouses of Kenyan citizens regardless of gender should be entitled to automatic

10 citizenship (8). • The constitution should provide that male spouses of Kenyan women shall not be automatic citizens but the opposite shall be recognized (2). • The constitution should provide that a child born of one Kenyan parent irrespective of gender shall be an automatic citizen (8). • The constitution should provide that Kenyans shall be patriotic and hardworking. • The constitution should make all citizens equal before the law. • The constitution should provide that the rights and obligations of a citizen shall depend on the manner in which citizenship was acquired. • The constitution should not provide for dual citizenship (3). • The constitution should provide for dual citizenship (2) • The constitution should provide that citizens shall carry documents such as passports, ID’ s, birth certificates as proof of citizenship. • The constitution should provide that birth certificates shall have the names of fathers of children. • The constitution should provide that ID’s are a colonial relic and thus shall be scrapped. • The constitution should provide that registration of births and deaths shall be made compulsory and the same shall be simplified. • The constitution should ensure identity documents like passport and ID card easily accessible and free • The constitution should require citizens to have a passport. • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall streamline immigration rules and procedures.

5.3.5 DEFENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY.

• The constitution should provide that disciplined forces shall be established in the constitution (3). • The constitution should provide that police recruitments shall be done at the village level. • The constitution should provide that police shall be given better terms of payment. • The constitution should provide that police force shall be equipped well to deal with crime. • The constitution should provide that the armed forces shall provide security and defense. • The constitution should provide that traffic policemen shall be overhauled. • The constitution should provide that there shall be a well trained police office. • The constitution should provide that provincial police shall be restructure. • The constitution should provide that police can only arrest after someone is proven guilty • The constitution should limit the time in custody before trial to 7 days • The constitution should provide for police patrols be in the company of the chief • The constitution should provide for better salaries and even distribution of the police force • The constitution should provide that police shall not be arraigned in court like any other Kenyan for its done along duty line. • The constitution should provide for the president as the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (3) • The constitution should NOT provide for the president as the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (2) • The constitution should allow the use of emergency power in emergency situations such as war, national disaster and breakdown of public order. • The constitution should empower the president to declare war on the advise of presidential

11 advisory committee and parliament • The constitution should empower the cabinet to declare state of emergency • The constitution should provide that the state of emergency should be declared only after parliament has been informed • The constitution should provide that parliament shall meet two days before declaration of a state of emergency to review the situation and approve it by two thirds majority. • The constitution should provide that the approval of parliament must be sought and acquired before any emergency powers are exercised. • The constitution should provide that the army shall engage in constructive activities in the absence of war or a threat to war i.e. they shall construct roads and participate in humanitarian activities and transport services during holidays (2).

5.3.6 POLITICAL PARTIES.

• The constitution should provide that political parties shall propagate democratic ideals to the people. • The constitution should provide that political parties shall participate in mobilization of citizens for development and civic education. • The constitution should provide that political parties shall create public awareness of their rights. • The constitution should provide other duties for political parties e.g. civic education • The constitution should regulate the conduct of political parties • The constitution should regulate the formation of political parties but should be formed on the basis of ideology and not ethnicity. • The constitution should regulate the formation of political parties (5). • The constitution should provide that all political parties shall be registered (2). • The constitution should provide that any political party that cannot take 5 MP’s to parliament shall be deregistered. • The constitution should restrict changing of political parties • The constitution should not limit the number of political parties • The constitution should limit the number of political parties in the country to 2. • The constitution should limit the number of political parties in the country to 9. • The constitution should limit the number of political parties in the country to 10. • The constitution should limit the number of political parties in the country to 1 (3). • The constitution should limit the number of political parties in the country to 3. • The constitution should limit the number of political parties in the country to 4. • The constitution should provide for funding of political parties • The constitution should provide that political parties shall seek their own finance. • The constitution should provide that political parties shall be funded from public coffers (7) • The constitution should provide that political parties shall be funded equally (2). • The constitution should provide that political parties shall be funded according to the number of sitting MP’s in parliament (2). • The constitution should provide that political parties shall be funded if they have a national outlook, 5% representation in parliament, promote democratic ideals and follow constitutional requirements. • The constitution should provide that political parties shall be funded if they audit and account for all monies given to them by the stable to qualify for any other funding. • The constitution should provide that political parties shall be funded according to their

12 national outlook. • The constitution should grant all parties access to fair media coverage • The constitution should treat all political parties equally • The constitution should provide that political parties shall work harmoniously with the government. • The constitution should provide that political parties shall supervise functions of the state.

5.3.7 STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT.

• The constitution should provide for a presidential system of government (2). • The constitution should NOT provide for a presidential system of government • The constitution should provide for a parliamentary system of government (11). • The constitution should provide for a parliamentary system of government with a president and prime minister • The constitution should provide that the prime minister should be elected by the people • The constitution should provide that the prime minister shall assume powers when the president is out of the country • The constitution should provide that the prime minister should be appointed from the majority party (3) • The constitution should provide that a Prime minister heads the government (10) • The constitution should provide for the office of a Prime minister (5) • The constitution should provide for a ceremonial president (14) • The constitution should provide for a president who shall be the head of state (3). • The constitution should provide for a hybrid system of government. • The constitution should NOT provide for a hybrid system of government. • The constitution should retain the unitary system of government • The constitution should NOT retain the unitary system of government • The constitution should provide for a federal system of government (15). • The constitution should provide for federal governors with their own parliament and republics • The constitution should vest power to regional assemblies. • The constitution should provide that there shall be a constituency development board and development issues shall be handled from the ground. • The constitution should provide for devolution of power to local authorities. • The constitution should provide for devolution of power to local authorities and regions. • The constitution should provide that the vice president be elected directly by the people. • The constitution should provide that a presidential candidate have the vice president as his running mate • The constitution should provide that the vice president shall also have ceremonial powers. • The constitution should provide that the vice president shall NOT be an MP. • The constitution should provide that the vice president be in charge of executive powers in case the presidents seat is vacant. • The constitution should make the Attorney General direct prosecutions with appointed qualified lawyers • The constitution should provide that the AG shall stop handling cases on consent and thus delaying them. • The constitution should provide that the AG shall be the governments legal advisor. • The constitution should provide that the AG shall be an ex-officio member of parliament.

13 • The constitution should provide that the AG shall be appointed by PSC. • The constitution should provide that the AG shall not have the power to discontinue private prosecutions. • The constitution should provide that the AG shall be appointed by the head of state.

5.3.8 THE LEGISLATURE

• The constitution should provide that all presidential appointees be vetted by parliament (5) • The constitution should empower parliament to vet all senior appointments • The constitution should empower parliament to vet all appointments of cabinet, permanent secretaries, senior government officers, all national offices, AG, CJ, judges of appeal police commissioner and military dons, constitutional offices, etc. • The constitution should empower parliament to appoint ministers • The constitution should empower parliament to elect the clerk of the national assembly • The constitution should empower parliament to form the cabinet • The constitution should provide that a prime minister be elected by parliament • The constitution should provide that the president and prime minister be answerable to parliament • The constitution should empower parliament to hire and fire senior public employees through a relevant body. • The constitution should empower parliament to dissolve councils. • The constitution should empower parliament to create ministries. • The constitution should provide that functions of parliament shall be expanded. • The constitution should provide that parliament shall have unlimited power through parliamentary service commission to control its own procedures (4). • The constitution should provide that being an MP shall be a full time occupation (5) • The constitution should provide that being an MP shall be a part time occupation (2). • The constitution should provide that an MP be at least 18 years • The constitution should provide that a president be between 35 and 70 years • The constitution should provide that a president be at least 45 years of age. • The constitution should provide that a president be between 35 and 60 years (2) • The constitution should provide that a president be between 30 and 70 years • The constitution should provide that a president be between 40 and 70 years (2). • The constitution should provide that a president be at least 35 years of age. • The constitution should provide that a president be at least 25 years of age. • The constitution should provide that a president be at least 40 years of age. • The constitution should provide that a president be between 34 and 70 years • The constitution should provide that a president be between 55 and 75 years • That constitution should provide that the age limit for a president be 75 years • The constitution should provide that MPs retire at 65 years. • The constitution should provide that voting age shall remain 18 years (3). • The constitution should put the qualification for MPs to be university level of education (3) • The constitution should put the qualification for MPs to be O-level of education (5) • The constitution should provide that the current language tests for MP’s are not sufficient experience on public leadership shall be checked. • The constitution should provide that the current language tests for MP’s are sufficient. • The constitution should provide that there shall be moral and ethical qualifications for parliamentary candidates.

14 • The constitution should place a member of parliament on a two year probation • The constitution should give voters the power of recalling ineffective MPs (13) • The constitution should give voters the power of recalling ineffective MPs • The constitution should provide that MP’s shall serve for a period of five years (3). • The constitution should provide that MP’s shall act on the basis of conscience and instructions from the electorate (6). • The constitution should provide that MP’s shall serve for two terms only. • The constitution should provide that the salaries of MP’s shall be reduced. • The constitution should provide that the electoral commission shall determine the MP’s salaries. • The constitution should provide that an independent commission shall determine the MP’s salaries (2). • The constitution should provide that a special salary review body shall determine the MP’s salaries. • The constitution should provide that the parliamentary select committee shall determine the MP’s salaries. • The constitution should provide that the parliamentary service commission shall determine the MP’s salaries. • The constitution should provide that the presidential advisory committee shall determine the MP’s salaries. • The constitution should provide that public referendum committee shall determine the MP ’s salaries (2) • The constitution should not allow members of parliament to increase their salaries • The constitution should empower the public to fix MPs remuneration • The constitution should retain the concept of nominated MP’s (10) • The constitution should NOT retain the concept of nominated MP’s (2). • The constitution should provide that women candidates shall be funded to increase their numbers and participation in parliament. • The constitution should provide for mechanisms to increase participation of women in parliament (3). • The constitution should NOT provide for mechanisms to increase participation of women in parliament as it neglects the spirit of free choice and democracy. • The constitution should provide that there shall be more women in elective positions to increase participation in parliament. • The constitution should provide for a coalition government (4). • The constitution should provide that political parties shall participate in the executive arm of government. • The constitution should provide for multipartyism (3). • The constitution should provide for a two-chamber parliament • The constitution should create a senate and a house of representatives • The constitution should provide for a bicameral legislature • The constitution should provide for a single chamber parliament • The constitution should provide that the executive shall be removed from parliament through a vote of no confidence (2) • The constitution should provide that parliament’s removal of the president through a vote of no confidence is not adequate and shall be followed by a public referendum. • The constitution should provide that the president shall have power to veto legislation passed in parliament

15 • The constitution should provide that the president shall NOT have power to veto legislation passed in parliament (2) • The constitution should provide that parliamentary legislation shall become an automatic law without presidential assent. • The constitution should provide that parliament shall have the power to override the president’s veto. • The constitution should provide that the president shall have the power to dissolve parliament (3) • The constitution should provide that the president shall NOT have the power to dissolve parliament (3) • The constitution should ensure that the president does not have the power to determine the life of parliament • The constitution should provide that parliamentary elections shall be staggered.

5.3.9 THE EXECUTIVE.

• The constitution should provide a minimum qualification of a university degree for a presidential candidate (8). • The constitution should provide that the president shall be morally upright, a Kenyan of sound mind and a holder of a university degree. • The constitution should provide that the president shall be a form four graduate (2). • The constitution should provide that the president shall have at least a college certificate of good character and nomination by party. • The constitution should provide that the president shall have proven business skills and have not been convicted of any crime. • The constitution should provide that the president should serve a maximum two five-year terms (10). • The constitution should provide that the president should serve a maximum five years. • The constitution should provide that the president should serve six years. • The constitution should provide that the president should serve a maximum two terms • The constitution should define the functions of the president. • The constitution should provide that the president shall address the national assembly only as the head of state and not a member of the house. • The constitution should provide that the president shall appoint the members of the house. • The constitution should define the functions of the president to include opening parliament, receiving guests etc. • The constitution should cut down presidential powers (13). • The constitution should provide that the president gets more powers • The constitution should provide that the president shall not be above the law (3). • The constitution should provide that the president should be subject to the law. • The constitution should give the president discretionary and not arbitrary powers • The constitution should abolish the presidents power to order an arrest • The constitution should limit presidential powers of appointments of judicial officers, parastatal heads, civil servants etc. • The constitution should provide for the impeachment of the president. • The citizens should be empowered by the constitution to pass a vote of no confidence in the president.

16 • The constitution should provide for removal of the president from office due to misconduct (10). • The constitution should provide that the executive and parliament shall provide checks and balances for each others exercise of duties and powers (2) • The constitution should provide for similar powers of president and executive. • The constitution should provide for parliament’s independence from the executive. • The constitution should provide that the president should also be an elected M.P (4). • The constitution should provide that the president should not be an elected MP and a member of any party (8). • The constitution should provide that the Chief and the Assistant Chief be elected by popular vote by members of the respective administrative location (9). • The constitution should provide that chiefs, DOs and DCs be elected by the people • The constitution should give more powers to the provincial administration. • The constitution should abolish the position of chief • The constitution should replace districts with counties with county officer replacing the chief • The constitution should replace provincial administration with local government • The constitution should provide that there shall be more women in the provincial administration. • The constitution should provide that the provincial administration shall be retained. • The constitution should provide that new districts shall be created with a population of over 200,000 people. • The constitution should provide that the post of DO and assistant chief shall be scrapped. • The constitution should provide that provincial boundaries shall be reviewed. • The constitution should provide that the provincial administration shall be abolished (5). • The constitution should provide that chiefs shall be transferred from one location to the other (4). • The constitution should provide that provincial administration shall be autonomous. • The constitution should provide chiefs with firearms • The constitution should provide that chiefs shall be above 40 years of age • The constitution should provide that chiefs shall be above 45 years of age • The constitution should restrict the number of ministries to 10 • The constitution should limit the number of ministries to 18 • The constitution should limit the number of ministries to 15 • The constitution should limit the number of ministries to 14 • The constitution should limit the number of ministries to 21 • The constitution should limit the number of ministries to 18 with two deputies each. • The constitution should limit the number of assistant ministers to two per ministry. • The constitution should provide for the ministry of defense and security

17 5.3.10 THE JUDICIARY.

• The constitution should provide for the independence of the judiciary (6). • The constitution should provide new mechanisms to curb loss of files from the registers. • The constitution should provide for a religious court to deal with religious issues. • The constitution should provide magistrates at the village level. • The constitution should provide for the creation of a supreme court (4). • The constitution should provide for the creation of a constitutional court (4). • The constitution should provide that the judiciary shall appoint more women into the bar to handle women issues. • The constitution should provide that the chief justice shall be appointed by the president in consultation with the judicial service commission. • The constitution should provide that judges and chief justice shall be nominated by the president and approved by parliament. • The constitution should provide that judicial officers shall be appointed by the judicial service commission (4). • The constitution should provide that judicial officers shall be appointed by the president • The constitution should provide for a commission to appoint Kenyan judges • The constitution should provide that members of the judiciary are chosen on the advice of presidential advisory committee • The constitution should ensure that the judicial appointments are subject to parliamentary approval • The constitution should provide that the chief justice shall be at least a sitting judge of the high court and court of appeal. • The constitution should provide that judicial officers shall be above 35 years of age and morally upright. • The constitution should provide that judges shall have at least 15 years experience in the court of law. • The constitution should provide that judicial officers shall have security of tenure and their dismissal approved by parliament. • The constitution should provide that judges shall retire at the age of 75 years. • The constitution should give the Chief Kadhi same powers as the high court judges • The constitution should provide for magistrate courts in every constituency • The constitution should lower the court fees • The constitution should make legal representation affordable and accessible • The constitution should provide for the right to legal aid for all Kenyans (6). • The constitution should provide for judicial review of laws by the legislature. • The constitution should provide that village elders shall handle cultural issues.

5.3.11 LOCAL GOVERNMENT.

• The constitution should provide that all elective positions in the local government, including the position of the mayor and the chair of the Country Council, be filled by direct popular elections (15). • The constitution should fix mayoral term to five years • The constitution should fix councilors term to five years • The constitution should fix mayors and council chairmen term to five years (3) • The constitution should disband local governments

18 • The constitution should provide that councils shall be independent of the central government (3). • The constitution should provide that the central government shall give local authorities financial support to render services to the residents. • The constitution should provide that the local authority shall continue to operate under the central government. • The constitution should provide that chief officers or local authorities shall be seconded by the central government but shall be answerable to the mayor. • The constitution should provide that local authorities shall be semi autonomous. • The constitution should provide that civic leaders have O-level education (15) • The constitution should provide that the chairmen of council be at least university graduates (2) • The constitution should provide that councilors shall have reasonable education. • The constitution should provide that councilors shall have proven business management and proven leadership roles. • The constitution should provide that councilors shall be fluent in both English and Kiswahili. • The constitution should provide that language tests for civic candidates are sufficient (2). • The constitution should provide that there shall be moral and ethical qualifications for civic candidates (3) • The constitution should provide that civic leaders be above 35 years • The constitution should fix the age of councilors to above 45 and below 50 years • The constitution should fix the age of councilors to 45 years. • The constitution should provide that councilors shall have business experience and knowledge in law and accounts. • The constitution should provide that people shall have a right to recall their councilors (3) • The constitution should provide that councilor’s allowances come from the same coffers as that of MPs • The constitution should provide that councilors be paid by the central government. • The constitution should provide that councilors remuneration shall be determined by the electoral commission. • The constitution should provide that councilors remuneration shall be determined by the local government authorities. • The constitution should provide that councilors be paid by the consolidated fund. • The constitution should provide that the concept of nominated councilors shall be retained but it should target special interest groups (2). • The constitution should provide that councilors should be trained periodically on finance management. • The constitution should provide that councilors shall be engaged in full time employment • The constitution should provide that councilors shall have offices with telephone facilities. • The constitution should provide that the deputy mayor shall take over the mayorship in case the mayors seat becomes vacant. • The constitution should provide that the minister for local government and president shall be able to dissolve the councils (3). • The constitution should provide that the minister for local government and president shall NOT be able to dissolve the councils (2). • The constitution should provide that cess collected shall be controlled by local authorities and used to improve and maintain regional infrastructure.

19 • The constitution should provide that local authorities shall provide education, health, water within their areas of jurisdiction. • The constitution should give local authorities power to collect revenue • The constitution should provide that all local government staff shall be employed by PSC. • The constitution should provide that audit reports for local authorities shall be prepared not later than three months from the end of the financial year. • The constitution should provide that council staff shall be appointed by a local authorities commission which shall also be in charge of discipline and promotions.

5.3.12 THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND PROCESS

• The constitution should retain the representative system of elections (2). • The constitution should provide for proportional system of elections. • The constitution should provide for secret ballot voting system. • The constitution should retain the simple majority rule as a basis of winning an election (4). • The constitution should provide that women shall participate equally in the election process. • The constitution should provide that in a presidential election, the winning candidate must get at least 50% of the votes cast. • The constitution should provide that the winner in presidential election must have at least 50% of all votes cast (3) • The constitution should provide that the winning candidate should have the majority votes • The constitution should provide that the winner in any election must have attained 50% of all votes cast • The constitution should provide that in a presidential election, the winning candidate must get at least 65% of the votes cast. • The constitution should provide that in a presidential election, the winning candidate must get at least 51% of the votes cast (2). • The constitution should provide that the winner in any election must have attained 51% of all votes cast. • The constitution should provide that candidates who fail to seek nomination from one party shall not be allowed to seek nomination elsewhere. • The constitution should provide that candidates who fail to seek nomination from one party shall not be allowed to seek nomination in another party (2). • The constitution should provide that candidates who fail to seek nomination from one party shall be allowed to seek nomination in another party. • The constitution should that candidates are free to change parties. • The constitution should provide for defectors to retain their seats. • The constitution should provide that defecting MP’s shall not be allowed to defend the vacant seats (2). • The constitution should provide that when a parliamentary seat fall vacant the runner up in the general election should take over • The constitution should provide that defecting MP’s shall not be allowed to defend the vacant seats. • The constitution should provide that there shall be a by election if an MP crosses the floor or some reason the seat is vacant. • The constitution should provide that defection from one party to another shall be free.

20 • The constitution should provide that when the whole party crosses the floor there shall be a snap election. • The constitution should provide that defection shall not be allowed. • The constitution should provide that the winner in a presidential election must attain 25% of votes cast in five provinces (6). • The constitution should provide that seats shall be reserved for the youth, disabled and other interest groups (7). • The constitution should retain the current geographic system. • The constitution should provide that constituency boundaries should be altered by the electoral commission after consultation with the people • The constitution should alter the electoral boundaries according to the population of that area (4) • The constitution should provide that the current geographical constituencies shall be reviewed and constituencies created on the basis of population e.g. 40,000 people (3). • The constitution should provide that constituencies shall be increased to 250. • The constitution should provide that every local authority shall have three constituencies. • The constitution should provide that 4-5 constituencies should make up a local authority • The constitution should provide for separate days of presidential and parliamentary elections (4) • The constitution should provide that presidential and parliamentary elections shall be held simultaneously (2). • The constitution should provide that Kenyans shall be allowed to vote at the age of 15. • The constitution should provide for independent candidates (3) • The constitution should provide for continuous voter registration (3) • The constitution should provide for free and fair elections. • The constitution should provide for one man one vote • The constitution should provide that voters should vote through passports and/or identity cards • The constitution should provide for independent monitors in elections • The constitution should ensure that grassroots elections are supervised by independent monitors • The constitution should provide that illiterate voters be assisted by commission clerks • The constitution should guarantee flawless nomination processes • The constitution should provide that voters use birth certificates to vote • The constitution should provide that all aspirants in an election have a minimum of O-level education • The constitution should provide that elections be through election representatives • The constitution should provide for a code of ethics which must be met by all parliamentary and presidential candidates • The constitution should provide for a limit in election expenditure. • The constitution should provide for an election date (10) • The constitution should provide that presidential elections shall be conducted directly (7). • The constitution should provide that electoral commissioners shall have an age limit of 65. • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission is appointed by parliament (2). • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission is appointed by the political parties. • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission is appointed by president.

21 • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission is nominated by parliament and appointed by the president. • The constitution should provide for the independence of the Electoral Commission of Kenya (4). • The constitution should constitute 10 members in the Electoral Commission • The constitution should constitute 19 members in the Electoral Commission • The constitution should constitute not more than 10 members in the Electoral Commission • The constitution should provide that vote counting be done at the polling station (5). • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission shall be in charge of election programs, election dates, boundaries, voter registration and finances. • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission shall prosecute and disqualify all election offenders. • The constitution should provide that the Electoral Commission shall be in charge of issuance of ID cards security during elections, prosecution of election offenders etc. • The constitution should provide for gender friendly campaigns free from verbal and physical violence. • The constitution should provide that the electoral commission shall deal election violence and offences. • The constitution should provide that election campaigns shall be free of corruption, violence intimidation and those found guilty shall be severely punished. • The constitution should provide that men who force their wives to vote shall be arrested and punished. • The constitution should provide that harassment of voters by any candidates shall be considered an election offence. • The constitution should provide that candidates who perpetuate violence, whose agents harass or manipulate voters shall be disqualified. • The constitution should provide that election monitors shall be deployed in every polling station to check on malpractices. • The constitution should provide that retaining delegates shall be an election offence.

5.3.13 BASIC RIGHTS

• The constitution should guarantee the protection of the human rights of all Kenyans. • The constitution should provide that our constitutional provisions for fundamental rights are adequate (2). • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall protect private property. • The constitution should provide the freedom of movement • The constitution should provide for freedom of worship. • The constitution should abolish arbitrary interference with the individual • The constitution should provide for insurance to all Kenyans • The constitution should restrain the police from making arbitrary arrests. • The constitution should provide for the protection of all Kenyans from torture and intimidation. • The constitution should provide decent clothing for all (2). • The constitution should provide for freedom of religion and belief. • The constitution should provide for freedom to engage the productive and life saving activities.

22 • The constitution should provide for freedom of association and liberty. • The constitution should guarantee majority rule, liberty and freedom of association • The constitution should provide for freedom of movement and association. • The constitution should strive to ensure that Kenyans shall enjoy the liberty of belief, faith and worship. • The constitution should guarantee the right to life • The constitution should impose a death penalty on those offenders charged with violence against women • The constitution should provide that the death penalty shall be abolished (4). • The constitution should provide that the death penalty shall be retained. • The constitution should impose a death penalty on those offenders charged defiling children. • The constitution should protect security, healthcare, water, education, shelter, food and employment. • The constitution should provide that the government shall be charged with the responsibility to ensure enjoyment of basic rights. • The constitution should provide that the state shall be charged with the responsibility to ensure enjoyment of basic rights. • The constitution should address the security of Kenyans. • The constitution should guarantee security and provision of services to all Kenyans • The constitution should guarantee security to all Kenyans (3). • The constitution should provide for free medical services (9). • The constitution should guarantee tap water for Kenyans • The constitution should guarantee clean tap water for Kenyans (4). • The constitution should provide for free and compulsory education for all children (8). • The constitution should guarantee education for all citizens and the local people shall be given a chance to run schools (2). • The constitution should provide that churches sponsoring the school shall not interfere with the management of the school (2). • The constitution should provide shelter for all. • The constitution should ensure availability of food for all (3). • The constitution should ensure food for security (2). • The constitution should guarantee employment for all. • The constitution should provide that voluntary retirement age shall be lowered to forty and the mandatory one be adjusted to fifty. • The constitution should provide that the principle of one man one job shall be upheld (4). • The constitution should provide that traditional medicine men are provided alternative employment and self-employment and shall be protected. • The constitution should provide that the government shall create and offer employment to all deserving Kenyans retrenchment and violation of human rights and a breach of contract. • The constitution should provide for a just and favorable conditions of work. • The constitution should create many avenues for jobs to ensure fairness in employment for all citizens. • The constitution should provide that retirement age shall be 65 years. • The constitution should set up a minimum amount of salaries of civil servants shall be Kshs.20, 000 per month (2). • The constitution should provide that retirement age shall be 60 years.

23 • The constitution should provide that retirement age shall be 55 years. • The constitution should provide for pensions. • The constitution should provide for stipend to the unemployed. • The constitution should provide for a small allowance for the unemployed and reduce MPs salary • The constitution should provide for upkeep allowance for the unemployment (2). • The constitution should provide that the state shall put in place social welfare and security measures to assist the old aged. • The constitution should guarantee free primary and secondary education. • The constitution should guarantee free primary education (7). • The constitution should guarantee free secondary education (6). • The constitution should guarantee free education up to the university. • The constitution should guarantee free and compulsory education (2). • The constitution should make civic education continuous and be taught in schools (2). • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall guarantee the right to access information in the hands of the state or state agencies (2). • The constitution should be written in all Kenyan languages. • The constitution should provide that there shall be civic education for all citizens. • The constitution should provide that the public shall be involved in budgetary process. • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall be made available to the public (2). • The constitution should grant all workers the right to join trade unions (4).

5.3.14 THE RIGHTS OF VULNERABLE GROUPS

• The constitution should protect women from election violence, verbal and physical abuse. • The constitution should provide for full representation for women in parliament • The constitution should deny barren women the right to inheritance • The constitution should remove gender imbalance in the media • The constitution should make a provision of 65 seats in parliament for women. • The constitution should guarantee and protect women rights. • The constitution should provide that problems of women with disabilities with respect to bosses shall be addressed. • The constitution should provide for free education for the disabled. • The constitution should provide for protection of the disabled against discrimination and punish parents who conceal disabled children • The constitution should ensure that the Disability act is implemented • The constitution should find doctors causing disability liable and should be punished • The constitution should provide for free education and employment for disabled • The constitution should provide that the disabled are entitled to a free environment to make them have access to buildings, roads and other social amenities. • The constitution should provide for disability friendly and sensitive laws to protect their interests. • The constitution should guarantee employment for the disabled when they qualify. • The constitution should protect the rights of the disabled children. • The constitution should grant children a right to family and/or property. • The constitution should protect children from forced labor • The constitution should punish child abusers severely

24 • The constitution should protect girls against sexual abuse • The constitution should provide protection to all children (6). • The constitution should protect children from forced marriages. • The constitution should provide protection of the rights of orphaned children. • The constitution should provide that any forms of child abuse, molestation, denial of basic rights shall be criminalized and enshrined. • The constitution should provide for corporal punishment for children from their parents an teachers. • The constitution should provide that children shall be taught how to respect their elders. • The constitution should provide for AIDS orphans to be cared for by the state. • The constitution should provide for grants to people with HIV AIDS and protect them from all forms of discrimination. • The constitution should provide for care of those above 70 years. • The constitution should provide for affirmative action at 50.50 levels in all areas economic, political and employment of women. • The constitution should provide for installation of affirmative action as far as women’s interests in all fields are concerned. • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall embrace affirmative action for women with regard to being appointed to boards and all other committees and commissions. • The constitution should provide there shall be affirmative action with a minimum 1/3 representation of women in decision making bodies. • The constitution should provide for affirmative action in favor of women and other vulnerable groups. • The constitution should provide for affirmative action in electoral positions. • The constitution should provide there shall be affirmative action to enable women be appointed top land boards • The constitution should provide for the improvement in prison conditions. • The constitution should provide that prisoners shall have their conjugal rights. • The constitution should provide that prisoners shall have the rights to vote, travel and treatment. • The constitution should provide that prisoners shall have their basic rights as well as including association and information. • The constitution should provide that prisoners shall not be held in custody for seven or more years.

5.3.15 LAND AND PROPERTY RIGHTS

• The constitution should provide for individual ownership of land (5). • The constitution should provide for individual and community ownership of land. • The constitution should provide for community ownership of land. • The constitution should provide for state ownership of land. • The constitution should provide for government ownership of land. • The constitution should provide for family ownership of land. • The constitution should stop compulsory requisition of land • The constitution should provide that the government shall have the power to compulsorily acquire private land for any purpose (2). • The constitution should provide that the government shall have the power to compulsorily

25 acquire private land which lies idle. • The constitution should provide that the government shall have the power to compulsorily acquire private land for public benefit. • The constitution should provide that the government, state or local authority shall have the power to compulsorily acquire private land for any purpose. • The constitution should provide that the government, state or local authority shall have the power to control the use of land (3). • The constitution should forcefully make idle land useful • The constitution should impose tax on idle land • The constitution should provide that title deeds shall be processed within 90 days from the date of demarcation. • The constitution should provide that there shall be parliamentary approval of before any public land can be given out to a group or individuals. • The constitution should provide that family land shall not be sold without the consent of the wife and children. • The constitution should provide that all those who own land shall be issued with land title deeds so as to be able to borrow loans (2). • The constitution should scrap the Land Adjudication Board. • The constitution should decentralize land disputes. • The constitution should provide that land cases be determined by elders • The constitution should ensure that title deed ownership is a right. • The constitution should place land under government’s control and land documents be computerized. • The constitution should provide that land cases should be determined right from the chief’ s office and not by the commissioner of lands. • The constitution should grant children automatic rights to inherit land. • The constitution should provide for women representation in land boards • The constitution should stop the grabbing of public utility land. • The constitution should only allow inheritance of ancestral land and property • The constitution should not allow girls to inherit. • The constitution should provide that there shall be a ceiling on how much land an individual can own (7). • The constitution should provide that an individual shall own a maximum of 2000 hectares of land. • The constitution should provide that there shall be no restrictions to ownership of land by non-citizens. • The constitution should provide that title deed acquisition shall be automatic and simple (4). • The constitution should provide that when a landowner dies his land shall automatically go to the next of kin and not the public trustee. • The constitution should provide that wills shall be written to make land transfer easier. • The constitution should provide that land shall be owned by both spouses (2). • The constitution should provide that both women and men have equal access to land (6). • The constitution should provide that all colonial land treaties and agreements shall be revoked. • The constitution should provide that all colonial land treaties and agreements shall be reviewed. • The constitution should guarantee the right of any Kenyan to own land in any part of the

26 country (2). • The constitution should provide that all government/trust land lying idle should be distributed to the landless. • The constitution should guarantee that no Kenyan shall be landless (7).

27 5.3.16 CULTURAL, ETHNIC, REGIONAL DIVERSITY AND COMMUNAL RIGHTS

• The constitution should provide that Kenya has a rich diversity of cultures which shall be taken care of to build the Kenyan national culture. • The constitution should contribute to protection of culture (3). • The constitution should provide that places with cultural values shall be gazetted and protected to safeguard our traditions, cultures and preserve them for tourist purposes. • The constitution should outlaw wife inheritance • The constitution should provide that tribal ceremonies are held at night • The constitution should grant citizens the right to protect culture • The constitution should enshrine relevant cultures • The constitution should provide for remuneration of village elders • The constitution should provide for citizen’s education on cultural rights • The constitution should provide for the creation of traditional medicine body • The constitution should recognize the cultural rights of women • The constitution should patent traditional drugs • The constitution should integrate traditional medicine and modern medicine • The constitution should legalize polygamy • The constitution should provide for the recognition of traditional medicine. • The constitution should recognize and protect the inheritance rights of women, widows and orphans. • The constitution should address ethnicity to ensure harmony of tribes (2). • The constitution should provide that those found practicing tribalism shall be prosecuted. • The constitution should provide that all documents which reveal the tribe and encourage ethnicity shall be abolished. • The constitution should scrap off cultures that are oppressive to women • The constitution should provide that customary laws which discriminate against women’s rights shall be done away with (4). • The constitution should provide that underage girls shall be protected from early marriages and FGM. • The constitution should provide that customary rights shall be preserved provided they are not repugnant to justice or morality. • The constitution should provide that widows shall be left to decide whether inherited or not. • The constitution should provide Kiswahili shall be the only national language. • The constitution should provide that English shall be used as the national language thus all national documents shall be written in English.

5.3.17 MANAGEMENT AND USE OF NATIONAL RESOURCES

• The constitution should provide that the executive shall retain powers to raise and distribute financial resources and human resources. • The constitution should provide that parliament shall authorize all forms of money withdrawals from the consolidated fund. • The constitution should provide for equitable distribution of national resources (7). • The constitution should provide that taxes be spent in the respective local authority • The constitution should provide that the government shall apportion 80 % of the revenue found from natural resources to the local community for development. 28 • The constitution should provide that revenue collected from the fish industry shall be used to develop the beaches and the people around the source. • The constitution should provide that the government shall apportion 50 % of the revenue found from natural resources to the local community for development. • The constitution should ensure that those implicated in the Auditors General’s report be prosecuted (3). • The constitution should make the Auditor General answerable to law on misappropriated funds • The constitution should provide that the government’s internal audit department shall be under the auditor general. • The constitution should provide that the government’s account section shall be directly under the Auditor General. • The constitution should provide that the Controller and Auditor General shall be appointed by the public service commission. • The constitution should provide that there shall be stringent measures to curb the misuse of public funds. • The constitution should provide that DC’s shall handle cash in all categories. • The constitution should provide that ministers shall be drawn from even among non-parliamentarians (3). • The constitution should provide that the president, vice-president and ministers shall not be MPs • The constitution should provide that cabinet ministers shall be graduates in the relevant fields. • The constitution should provide that public office merits shall be off merit. • The constitution should place the retirement age for civil servants at 60 years • The constitution should provide for raising of minimum wages • The constitution should provide for the one-man-one job policy • The constitution should provide that the government officers shall have security of tenure not to be fired at presidents pleasure. • The constitution should provide that PSC shall be independent (2). • The constitution should provide that members of PSC shall be appointed by the president but approved by parliament. • The constitution should provide that members of PSC shall be appointed by an independent commission. • The constitution should provide that there shall be a code of ethics to check the conduct of public officers (2). • The constitution should provide that public officers shall not be allowed to engage in private businesses and shall not acquire private property too (2). • The constitution should provide that presidential candidates shall declare their wealth (2). • The constitution should provide that ministers and all other public servants shall declare their wealth (2).

5.3.18 ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES

• The constitution should protect the environment. • The constitution should protect the environment from pollution or destruction of any kind. • The constitution should put in place strict rules on chemical, industrial and human affluence disposals as these are major causes of environmental degradation.

29 • The constitution should provide that natural resources shall be owned and controlled by the individual (2). • The constitution should provide that natural resources shall be owned by the locals. • The constitution should provide that natural resources shall protected and managed by the government. • The constitution should provide that natural resources shall protected and managed by the regional communities with government as trustees. • The constitution should provide that natural resources shall protected and managed by the local authorities. • The constitution should provide that natural resources shall protected and managed by the regions where they fall. • The constitution should provide that communities be given first preference in benefiting from local natural resources.

5.3.19 PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE

• The constitution should provide that NGO’s like St Judes counseling center shall be supported with disabilities where the government is unable. • The constitution should provide for the participation of religious organizations in governance. • The constitution should control the mushrooming of organizations and churches (2). • The constitution should provide that media coverage shall consider women candidates and the law shall restrict gender biased medias (2). • The constitution should provide that credit facilities from NGO’s shall be regulated. • The constitution should protect press freedom. • The constitution should provide for the participation of persons with disabilities in governance. • The constitution should provide for the participation of youths in governance. • The constitution should provide a clause to allow for a vote of no confidence by citizen against non-performing mps, councilors and president

5.3.20 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• The constitution should provide that the 1929 treaty between Britain and Egypt on Lake Victoria waters shall be scrapped to allow Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to use it for irrigation. • The constitution should provide that the 1956 treaty between Britain and Egypt on Lake Victoria waters shall be scrapped to allow Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to use it for irrigation (2). • The constitution should provide that international treaties shall have automatic effec6t in domestic law. • The constitution should provide that there shall be an East African court of appeal with judges fro Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. • The constitution should provide that the former colonial treaties which limit the use of Lake Victoria waters shall be appealed. • The constitution should provide that Kenya shall adopt international treaties and agreements that have marginalized and impoverished Kenyans. • The constitution should adopt a dynamic approach to international relations given the

30 shifting sounds of international regions. • The constitution should provide for treaties to verify borders with its neighbors. • The constitution should provide for the review of the Nile treaty

5.3.21 CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND OFFICES

• The constitution should provide that there is need for the constitutional commissions which shall suspense the exercise of constitutional functions (4). • The constitution should establish the office of a children’s ombudsman • The constitution should establish the office of an ombudsman to listen to peoples complaints (3). • The constitution should establish a human rights commission (3). • The constitution should establish a gender commission (4). • The constitution should establish an anti-corruption commission (3). • The constitution should establish a lands commission (4). • The constitution should an independent public commissions • The constitution should provide for the decentralization of anti-corruption offices • The constitution should establish a public service commission to employ civil servants • The constitution should establish a salary review commission • The constitution should establish a judicial, public service and electoral commissions • The constitution should provide for the formation of a judicial service commission • The prerogative of mercy should be handled by the Judiciary Service Commission. • The constitution should provide that the judicial commission shall have one member from the executive and parliament. • The constitution should provide that there shall be an office of the director of public prosecutions with security of tenure to take charge of prosecutions. • The constitution should establish a body of professional transport persons, insurers and police officers to streamline the transport sector. • The constitution should provide for the creation of ministry of justice to take over from the AG (2).

5.3.22 SUCCESSION AND TRANSFER OF POWER.

• The constitution should provide that retiring/outgoing presidents should hand over the instruments of power to the Speaker of the National Assembly in the interim period before the next president is sworn in (4). • The constitution should provide that the VP shall be in charge of executive powers in the interim period before the next president is sworn in. • The constitution should provide that the president shall be sworn in within 90 days of the ex president leaving the office. • The constitution should provide that the incoming president shall assume office after two months. • The constitution should make provision for a former president in terms of security. • The constitution should make provision for a former president in terms of welfare (2). • The constitution should make provision for a former president in terms of office, shelter and traveling allowance. • The constitution should provide that a sitting president can vacate the seat on attaining the age of 75.

31 • The constitution should provide that in the event the presidency falls vacant the vice president automatically takes over until elections are held.

32 5.3.23 WOMEN’S RIGHTS

• The constitution should provide that women’s rights shall be guatanteed under the Bill of Rights. • The constitution should provide for constitutionalisation of women’s rights given the discriminatory and biased situation society views them this in respect to their limited education, community attitudes and make preference. • The constitution should protect the rights of women to owning property. • The constitution should provide that women shall have a right to inherit their husbands property and land (3). • The constitution should provide that widows shall have the right to own property. • The constitution should provide that women shall have the right to on property and shall be respected and enshrined in the constitution. • The constitution should provide that women shall have the right to inherit their parents land (2). • The constitution should provide that women shall not be allowed to inherit property. • The constitution should provide that women shall have the right to inheritance and succession (4). • The constitution should bring back the law of marriage Act of 1976. • The constitution should recognize polygamy as an acceptable mode of marriage and all other public documents shall be given to co-wives whenever they exist. • The constitution should provide that polygamy shall be legalized up to 2 wives and register all marriages. • The constitution should provide that any marriage shall be certified either by church or provincial administration. • The constitution should provide that there shall be no divorces and the wrong couple shall be punished and people allowed to marry at attaining the age of 20 years. • The constitutions should provide that any marriage should have a wedding certificate, even for the 10th wife. • The constitution should provide that negligent fathers shall be fined heavily. • The constitution should address the issue of parental responsibilities and fathers shall be compelled to provide for their children out of wedlock (2). • The constitution should provide that the affiliation act shall be put to ensure that men take responsibility for the care and provision of the offspring. • The constitution should provide that a husband assaulting his wife shall be sued in a court of law (2). • The constitution should provide that cases of wife beating shall be given stiffer sentences. • The constitution should provide that violence shall be abolished and outlawed.

5.3.24 INTERNATIONAL POLICY

• The constitution should provide that all constitutional office holders shall not invest out of the country.

5.3.25 NATIONAL ECONOMIC

Domestic Trade Issues • The constitution should provide that people shall be free to locally market their products

33 and produce anywhere in the republic of Kenya. • The constitution should provide that people shall be free to market their produce in all parts of the country without any restrictions (2).

Economic Liberalization • The constitution should provide that imported agricultural products which are abundantly produced within should be abundantly controlled. • The constitution should provide that market liberalization should not discriminate against traditional drugs since they are better, cheaper, better quality and have controlled standards this will save the government expenditure. • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall check and address issues related to liberalization, this has led influx of sub standard goods in the market. • The constitution should provide for privatization of state corporation. • The constitution should abolish mitumba trade • The constitution should enact laws that protect local industries from undue competition • The constitution should provide for the privatization of dying sectors • The constitution should enact a law forbidding importation of products produced naturally

Industrialization • The constitution should provide that industries should be established where raw materials are produced like pineapples, cotton, fish etc. • The constitution should provide for industrial production of traditional medicine. • The constitution should provide for rural electrification programme and all Kenyans should have the right to power supply (2). • The constitution should enact a law requiring repatriation of resources abroad. • The constitution should ensure that Sondu Miriu project caters for neighboring districts

Poverty Reduction • The constitution should focus on rural development to alleviate poverty.

Physical, Economic and Social Infrastructure • The constitution should provide for development of economic, social and political infrastructure. • The constitution should provide that Nyanza province shall have good roads. • The constitution should provide for proper road infrastructure.

5.3.26 NATIONAL OTHER POLICY

Insurance • The constitution should provide that insurance companies shall collect 15% pre-accident deductions from all vehicle owners to finance accident prevention of activities e.g. police patrols.

HIV Aids • The constitution should provide for mechanisms to stop the HIV scourge (2).

Public Safety & Security • The constitution should address issues of unlawful arrests unnecessary confinement and

34 torture before being found guilty. • The constitution should protect Kenyans from thuggery and unnecessary harassment from state agents (3). • The constitution should provide that the police shall patrol all highways, protect and apprehend wrong doers (2). • The constitution should provide that the government shall stop police harassment (2). • The constitution should provide that for the sake of public safety, the law shall provide that if a person has to be provided the person whose property is to be searched shall be issue with at least three house notices. • The constitution should provide that there shall be precautions to guide against the recurrent floods in Nyanza province. • The constitution should provide that the community police shall be established to enhance security at the community and village level. • The constitution should provide that the police shall not arrest Kenyans arbitrary. • The constitution should provide that to ensure public safety when the police officers are patrolling at night they shall be accompanied by the chiefs and assistant chiefs.

Corruption • The constitution should provide for strife measures to end corruption (3). • The constitution should provide that corruption shall be eradicated from public offices (2). • The constitution should provide that there shall be a strong and independent body to deal with corruption (2). • The constitution should provide that corrupt public officers shall be compelled to resign and not transferred. • The constitution should provide that any wealth acquired by any one corruptly shall be confiscated to the state. • The constitution should provide that the government shall eradicate corruption at the registration of lands department. • The constitution should prevent corruption

5.3.27 SECTORAL POLICY

Agriculture • The constitution should drain up definite agricultural policies that will enhance productivity and attract more people to the sector. • The constitution should address the issues on rice, cotton, sugar, fishing, sugarcane and coffee (3). • The constitution should provide that there shall an agricultural policy to benefit the farmers and extension officers shall be posted all over. • The constitution should provide that every district shall have research and demonstration farms. • The constitution should provide that farmers shall be given agricultural incentives to enable them increase yield loans, seeds etc (2). • The constitution should provide that the government shall provide agricultural extension officers to give technical officers. • The constitution should adopt aggressive agricultural policies to improve production of farm materials and loans shall be given to farmers. • The constitution should provide that there shall be active agricultural officers on the

35 ground to help the farmers. • The constitution should provide that irrigation schemes shall be strengthened and those that collapsed revived. • The constitution should address the issues of farmers with respect to loans, extension service and fertilizers (2). • The constitution should provide that the Ahero irrigation scheme shall be privatized. • The constitution should provide that rice farming in Ahero shall be revived and promoted. • The constitution should provide for funding of farmers • The constitution should enhance food security • The constitution should provide for the uplifting of agricultural production. • The constitution should outlaw exportation of cereals. • The constitution should provide that dykes be built to reduce flooding.

Manufacturing • The constitution should protect the local industries from collapse due to competition. • The constitution should protect the local industries by abolishing the mitumba industry.

Education • The constitution should provide that teachers salaries shall be increased and shall work upto the age of 60 (2). • The constitution should provide that teachers in rural areas shall receive an automatic hardship allowance. • The constitution should provide that the current 8.4.4 system of education shall be changed to 7.4.2.3 but all stake holders shall be involved. • The constitution should provide that education levies shall be paid in form of public taxes. • The constitution should provide that the cost of university education in Kenya shall be made affordable. • The constitution should provide that loans for university students shall be based on merit. • The constitution should provide that the constitution shall be taught as part of the syllabus. • The constitution should provide that terms of service for teachers shall be improved. • The constitution should provide that teachers whose students perform well shall be given scholarships to university. • The constitution should provide that teacher’s promotion shall be based on performance. • The constitution should provide that there shall be no forced transfers. • The constitution should provide that the government shall provide for books and stationeries to all in the school in the country. • The constitution should provide that corporal punishment shall be renewed. • The constitution should provide that civic education shall be taught in schools (3). • The constitution should provide that bursaries shall be given to the needy students. • The constitution should provide that the system of education shall be universal. • The constitution should allow teachers to teach up to 60 years • The constitution should provide that the government should provide books and equipment to schools

Public Finance (fiscal policy) • The constitution should provide that public debt shall be reduced.

36 • The constitution should provide that no salaries or allowances that are not budgeted for shall be paid for from the consolidated fund. • The constitution should address the deeper depression and escalating debt and chronic balances of payment deficit. • The constitution should provide for local solutions to our economic foreign debt as it has imprisoned Kenyans. • The constitution should provide that the spirit of Harambee shall be as voluntary as possible.

Monetary Policy • The constitution should provide that interest rates from banks shall revised. • The constitution should provide for control of inflation rates.

Health • The constitution should provide that the NHIF shall cover co-wives where the husbands are contributors. • The constitution should provide that health institutions shall be well equipped. • The constitution should provide that NHIF shall run public hospitals through their schemes. • The constitution should establish an independent body to research on traditional medicine to standardize and put quality controls on drugs. • The constitution should provide that the government shall come up with clear policies to regulate the health services.

Tourism • The constitution should provide that domestic tourism shall be encouraged to run alongside foreign tourism. • The constitution should provide that areas of tourist destination shall have good access to roads and other facilities. • The constitution should provide that resourceful tourist businessmen shall be given incentives to start tourist circuits in Western Kenya.

Information Communication Technology • The constitution should provide that the government shall free the airwaves and allow all able individuals or groups to open TV and radio stations across the country. • The constitution should provide that media coverage shall give more prominence to women candidates.

Small Enterprise Development • The constitution should provide that credit facilities shall be provided to small enterprise business people.

Transport and Communication • The constitution should provide that roads shall be tarmacked and well maintained (4). • The constitution should provide that there shall be a fund from the roads levy to maintain roads. • The constitution should provide that training of rivers shall be taken more seriously.

37 • The constitution should provide that the question of road carnage shall be addressed with respect to the fact that it dismantles the economy and human resources based through loss of life. • The constitution should provide that traffic rules shall be enforced to perfection. • The constitution should provide that speed governors, roadblocks, speed listers shall be used to ensure road rules are checked. • The constitution should abolish traffic police

Fishing • The constitution should provide that fishermen shall be allowed to fish without any restriction.

5.3.28 CUSTOMARY LAW

• The constitution should provide that ancestral land rights shall follow the current customary laws.

5.3.29 STATUTORY LAW

• The constitution should provide that illicit drinks and drugs shall be outlawed and punish offenders stiffly. • The constitution should provide that traditional healers and drugs shall be protected by law in the same way as conventional drugs. • The constitution should provide that a high court judge shall be required to give assent to any decision to place someone under house arrest. • The constitution should provide that suspects shall not stay in police custody for unnecessarily long i.e. over 24 hours before being charged. • The constitution should provide that offenders shall be severely punished. • The constitution should provide that local brews shall be licensed and brewed under hygienic conditions (3). • The constitution should provide that a law shall be enacted that if a tenant fails to remit his rent for two or three months the landlord shall be empowered to evict the tenant. • The constitution should make the industrial act to law

5.3.30 BILLS

• The constitution should respect and enforce all bills. • The constitution should fully adopt the children’s bill.

5.3.31 COMMON GOOD

• The constitution should provide that children shall take care of the parents. • The constitution should provide that a quarter of sons riches shall be given to the parents. • The constitution should provide that parents shall have a right to share the children’s property.

5.3.32 GENDER EQUITY

• The constitution should provide that there shall be gender equity (6).

38 5.3.33 ECONOMIC/SOCIAL JUSTICE

• The constitution should ensure socio-economic justice for all citizens (2). • The constitution should provide that land clashes victims shall be compensated and resettled. • The constitution should provide for hardship allowance in flood prone areas • The constitution should address disasters and make provisions therein

5.3.34 TRANSPARENCY/ACCOUNTABILITY

• The constitution should provide that the government shall live to the expectation of its citizens.

5.3.35 NATURAL JUSTICE/RULE OF LAW

• The constitution should provide and ensure for the rule of law.

5.3.36 NATIONAL IDENTITY/INTEGRITY

• The constitution should provide for reduction of the number of national holiday i.e. Jamhuri, Kenyatta and Moi Days can all be celebrated in one day and renamed.

39 APPENDICES:

Appendix 1: Members of the Constituency Constitutional Committee

1. Hon. Paul Otita MP 2. Enos Okolo DC 3. Henry Eric Ogemba Chairman 4. Rev. Mrs. Winnie Julie Owiti 5. Cllr. James Ochiewo 6. Joyce Winnie Ogai 7. Joyce Menya 8. Ochola Ongudi 9. Henry Awino Ogonda 10. Silvester Rawo Ambonya

Appendix 2: Civic education providers (CEPs)

1. Mosogo teachers association 2. Dwaro women group 3. Kenya disabled group 4. Ahero welfare development group 5. Kochieng women group 6. Nyaruond development group 7. Kadibo development group 8. Olunyakor women project

40 Appendix 3: Persons presenting memoranda and/or making oral submissions.

1 0004ONYNY Alfred Abande CBO Written HIV/AIDS Prevention 2 0012ONYNY Barak Ojiem CBO Written Childrens Consortium 3 0013ONYNY Dr. Habbacuk O Dinda CBO Written Kisumu District Traders Medi 4 0008ONYNY James O Onyango CBO Written Wakonye Self Help Group Nyanza People's Assembly 5 0001ONYNY James Samuel A Awinyo CBO Written (Pi 6 0002ONYNY Jane Akinyi CBO Memorandum Ulonyakor Women 7 0011ONYNY Joel O Owour CBO Written Unity Movement for Disabled 8 0014ONYNY Joyce Winnie Ogai CBO Written Gender-Nyando Widows & Orphan Welfare 9 0010ONYNY Kepha Owinga CBO Written Asso Waswa Community 10 0007ONYNY Maurice Magati CBO Written Development 11 0006ONYNY Monica Akinyi CBO Written Nyando Tots Group Global Education and 12 0003ONYNY Victor Otieno CBO Written Develop 13 0068INYNY Alex O Ngesa Individual Oral - Public he 14 0056INYNY Alice Asaka Individual Oral - Public he 15 0019INYNY Ambrose O. Ngere Individual Oral - Public he 16 0048INYNY Anthony Odhiambo Individual Oral - Public he 17 0012INYNY Anuma Adika Mumbo Individual Written 18 0063INYNY Awino Ogonda Individual Oral - Public he 19 0055INYNY Benson Magawa Individual Oral - Public he 20 0075INYNY Benson O Obunge Individual Oral - Public he 21 0058INYNY Charles O Awuor Individual Oral - Public he Charles Odhiambo 22 0004INYNY Onyang Individual Written 23 0006INYNY Charles Okuom Kogada Individual Written 24 0047INYNY Dan Oriwa Individual Oral - Public he 25 0032INYNY Dennis Okumu Individual Oral - Public he 26 0035INYNY Edward Bob Aloo Individual Oral - Public he 27 0051INYNY Elizabeth Akinyi Individual Oral - Public he 28 0062INYNY Elizabeth W Omolo Individual Oral - Public he 29 0008INYNY Eng.Maxwel O. Odongo Individual Memorandum 30 0054INYNY Ezekia Opiyo Individual Oral - Public he 31 0011INYNY Francis E. Ogai Ombura Individual Memorandum 32 0017INYNY Francis Wasonga Kitoto Individual Written 33 0026INYNY Fred Owuor Individual Oral - Public he 34 0060INYNY Fredrick Ondere Individual Oral - Public he 35 0009INYNY Gilbert J. Onunga Individual Written 36 0057INYNY Gilbert Ondiek Individual Oral - Public he 37 0025INYNY Godfrey Oyiekoredo Individual Oral - Public he 38 0076INYNY Hannington O Ojwang Individual Oral - Public he 39 0073INYNY Henry Agumba Individual Oral - Public he 40 0031INYNY Henry O Odicho Individual Oral - Public he 41 0070INYNY Ismail Agola Ochieng Individual Oral - Public he 42 0007INYNY Jackson Okuna Kira Individual Written 43 0040INYNY James Mirwa Individual Oral - Public he 44 0077INYNY James Ochewo Individual Oral - Public he 45 0043INYNY James Ogira Individual Oral - Public he 46 0003INYNY James Otieno Gwande Individual Written 47 0072INYNY Japheth Onongno Individual Oral - Public he 48 0024INYNY Jared Auma Oware Individual Oral - Public he 49 0015INYNY Jared Otieno Abok Individual Written 41 50 0071INYNY John G Okal Individual Oral - Public he 51 0028INYNY John Osawa Owange Individual Oral - Public he 52 0045INYNY John Tanui Individual Oral - Public he 53 0022INYNY Joseph Jumbe Individual Oral - Public he 54 0020INYNY Joseph Ondiek Individual Oral - Public he 55 0074INYNY Julius Awiti Individual Oral - Public he 56 0049INYNY Justus O Ochiyo Individual Oral - Public he 57 0018INYNY Kenneth Odhiambo Individual Oral - Public he 58 0034INYNY Lucas Oromo Abonyo Individual Oral - Public he 59 0064INYNY Margaret A Abayo Individual Oral - Public he 60 0044INYNY Martin Orwa Individual Oral - Public he 61 0053INYNY Michael Ayieko Individual Oral - Public he 62 0005INYNY Ocholla Ong'udi Individual Written 63 0041INYNY Odhiambo Ochele Individual Oral - Public he 64 0046INYNY Okoth Ayieko Individual Oral - Public he 65 0042INYNY Ondiek Miguna Individual Oral - Public he 66 0066INYNY Pauline A Onyango Individual Oral - Public he 67 0001INYNY Peter Orage Onyango Individual Written 68 0027INYNY Philip Osiro Individual Oral - Public he 69 0002INYNY Richard Ochieng Ooke Individual Written 70 0010INYNY Richard Owaka Osure Individual Memorandum 71 0059INYNY Ruth Bong'o Individual Oral - Public he 72 0065INYNY Samson Nandi Ogondo Individual Oral - Public he 73 0023INYNY Samuel Andhoga Individual Oral - Public he 74 0052INYNY Samuel Munde Individual Oral - Public he 75 0050INYNY Samuel Ouma Individual Oral - Public he 76 0036INYNY Silvanus Rarabari Individual Oral - Public he 77 0069INYNY Solomon O Atieno Individual Oral - Public he 78 0038INYNY Spencer Alai Individual Oral - Public he 79 0013INYNY Steven Misiga Individual Written 80 0067INYNY Sylvester Ambonya Individual Oral - Public he 81 0037INYNY Thomas Karani Individual Oral - Public he 82 0033INYNY Timothy Awich Individual Oral - Public he 83 0016INYNY Tom G. Ajowi Individual Written 84 0021INYNY Trufosa Aloo Owiti Individual Oral - Public he 85 0014INYNY Washington Ouma Individual Written 86 0039INYNY Wilson Miruka Individual Oral - Public he 87 0005ONYNY Rael Opundo Owino NGO Written MYWO 88 0009ONYNY David Onyango Arelle Other Institutions Written Kaluore Nomiya Non. 89 0015ONYNY Duncan Nyumbah Politcal Party Memorandum SDP-Kadibo Branch Collaboration Center and 90 0017ONYNY Jane Akinyi Kisia Pressure Groups Written Wo Religious 91 0016ONYNY Elisha O Nyamwaya Organisation Memorandum Nomiya Church

42 Appendix 4: Persons Attending Constituency Hearings

No. Name Address No. Name Address 1 Alex Ongany Nges P.O. Box 34, Rabuor 59 Ismael Nyagol Ochieng P.O. Box 568, Rabuor 2 Charles Odida Awuor P.O. Box 19, Rabuor 60 Jared Otieno Abok P.O. Box 3254, Kisumu 3 Ruth Bongo P.O. Box 81, Rabuot 61 John Gordon Okal P.O. Box 397, Ahero 4 Barak Ojiem P.O. Box 9398, Kisumu 62 Tom Ajoni P.O. Box 74, Rabuor 5 Frederick Ondere P.O. Box 56, Rabuor 63 Francis Wasonga P.O. Box 17, Rabuor 6 Gilbert Onunga Ngonda P.O. Box 18, Ahero 64 Japheth Ongong'no P.O. Box 92, Rabuor 7 Abakuk Otieno Dinda P.O. Box 1636, Kisumu 65 Henry Agimba P.O. Box 116, Ahero 8 Elizabeth Omolo P.O. Box 4676, Kisumu 66 Benson Obunge P.O. Box 1226, Kisumu 9 Richard Owaka Osure P.O. Box 82, Rabuor 67 John Odayo P.O. Box 65, Nyangande 10 Awino Ogonda P.O. Box 15, Rabuor 68 Charles Ogola Olweru P.O. Box 42, Rabuor 11 Francis Edward Ogai Ombura P.O. Box 44, Nyangande 69 Eli Owiti Origa P.O. Box 557, Ahero 12 Joyce Winie Ogaye P.O. Box 44, Nyangande 70 John Adel P.O. Box 17, Rabuor 13 Esbon Amimo Adika P.O. Box 123, Ahero 71 Peres Akeyo Ochuka P.O. Box 300, Ahero 14 Vincent Ayieko Anyanga P.O. Box 1010, Kisumu 72 Elisha Nyamwaya P.O. Box 18, Ahero 15 Margaret Abayo P.O.Box 31, Rabuor 73 Erick Chore Mumbo P.O. Box 536, Kisumu 16 Samson Nandi P.O. Kabete 74 Samson Auma P.O. Box 536, Kisumu 17 Pauline Onyango P.O. Box 72, Rabuor 75 Susan Apunda P.O. Box 536, Kisumu 18 Duncan Nymba P.O. Box 2996, Kisumu 76 Damar Menya P.O. Box 167, Ahero 19 Silvester Rao Ombonya P.O. Box 294, Ahero 77 Julius Owiti P.O. Box 72, Rabuor 20 David Onyango P.O. Box 300, Ahero 78 Bonfas Ochola P.O. Kabete 21 Solomon Odhiambo Atieno P.O. Box 536, Kisumu 79 H. Oyoo Ojwang' P.O.Box 4163, Kisumu 22 Steven Misiga P.O. Box 6198, Kisumu 80 Tom Dinda Ogendo P.O. Box 536, Kisumu 23 Ouma Washington P.O. Box 568, Rabuor 81 Jane Akinyi Kisia P.O. Box 117, Ahero 24 James Ochiewo P.O. Box 120, Boya 82 Jackson Okuna Kira P.O. Box 40, Ahero 25 Hezekiah Owino P.O. Box 31, Rabuor 83 Henry Odiko P.O. Box 117, Ahero 26 Samson Ogero Omoro P.O. Box 137, Ahero 84 Vitalis Oyore P.O. Box 4, Nyabondo 27 Kenneth O. Ogila P.O. Box 115, Ahero 85 Dennis Okumu P.O. Box 153, Ahero 28 Jane Kisia P.O. Box 117, Ahero 86 Peter OrageOnyango P.O. Box 306, Ahero 29 Amborose Otieno Ongere P.O. Box 60, Ahero 87 Timothy Awich P.O. Box 322, Ahero 30 Charles Okoth Olum P.O. Box 140, Ahero 88 Lucas Abonyo P.O. Box 86, Ahero 31 Joseph Onchik Ayim P.O. Box 105, Ahero 89 Bob Edward Aloo P.O. Box 1403, Kisumu 32 Edward Olum P.O. Box 40, Ahero 90 Alfred Abande P.O. Box 481, Ahero 33 Truphosa Owiti P.O. Box 10, Ahero 91 Sylvanus Rabari P.O. Box 410, Ahero 34 Joseph Jumbe P.O. Box 327, Ahero 92 Thomas Karan P.O. Box 25, Ahero 35 Samwel Adhoga P.O. Box 160, Ahero 93 Risper Odhone P.O. Box 105, Ahero 36 James Gwada P.O. Box 236, Ahero 94 Spencer Alai P.O. Box 120, Ahero 37 Jared Auma P.O. Box 115, Ahero 95 Gideon T. Oriwa P.O. Box 63, Ahero 38 Victor Otieno P.O. Box 62, Ahero 96 Kepha Owinga P.O. Box 105, Ahero 39 Godfry Oyieko Redo P.O. Box 2492, Kisumu 97 Wilson Miruka P.O. Box 25, Ahero 40 Fred Owuor P.O. Box 2492, Kisumu 98 James Mariwa P.O. Box 6, Ahero 41 Mike Odhiambo P.O. Box 2492, Kisumu 99 Joshua Okeyo P.O. Box 225, Ahero 42 Phoebe Aluoch P.O. Box 2492, Kisumu 100 Odhiambo Ochele P.O. Box 52, Ahero 43 Hezron Ochieng P.O. Box 2492, Kisumu 101 Erick Miguna P.O. Box 123, Ahero

43 44 Philip Osiro P.O. Ahero 102 James Ogira P.O. Box 62, Ahero 45 John Osana P.O. Box 137, Ahero 103 Charles Odhiambo Onyango P.O. Box 138, Ahero 46 Rael Owino P.O. Box 14, Ahero 104 Martin Orwa P.O. Box 120, Ahero 47 Richard Ochieng P.O. Box 131, Ahero 105 Alice Asaka P.O. Box 83 48 Monica Akinyi P.O. Box 10, Ahero 106 Charles Kogada P.O. Box 40, Katito 49 John Kiber Tonui P.O. Box 137, Ahero 107 Gilbert Ondiek P.O. Box 123, Ahero 50 Nicholas Opiyo Odipo P.O. Box 120, Ahero 108 Antony Odhiambo P.O. Box 442, Ahero 51 Okoth Ayieko P.O. Box 844, Ahero 109 Justus Owuor P.O. Box 383, Ahero 52 Maurice Magati P.O. Box 327, Ahero 110 Kepher Owinga P.O. Box 105, Ahero 53 James Onyango P.O. Box 60, Ahero 111 Samuel Ouma P.O. Box 60, Ahero 54 Dan Oriwa P.O. Box 14, Ahero 112 Elizabeth Akinyi P.O. Box 120, Ahero 55 David Onyango P.O. Box 300, Ahero 113 Samwel Munde P.O. Box 91, Ahero 56 Ocholla Ongudi P.O. Box 6, Katito 114 Joel Omondi P.O. Box 388, Ahero 57 Henry Otieno P.O. Bx 388, Ahero 115 Michael Ayieko P.O. Box 185, Ahero 58 Gordon Odhiambo P.O. Box 64, Ahero 116 Ezekiah Opiyo P.O. Box 25, Ahero 117 Benson Magawa P.O. Box 86, Ahero

Table of Contents