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Our Beloved Kin Our Beloved Kin Y7275-Brooks.indb i 10/3/17 8:26:06 AM THE HENRY ROE CLOUD SERIES ON AMERICAN INDIANS AND MODERNITY Series Editors: Ned Blackhawk, Professor of History and American Studies, Yale University, and Kate W. Shanley, Native American Studies, University of Montana Series Mission Statement Named in honor of the pioneering Winnebago educational reformer and fi rst known American Indian graduate of Yale College, Henry Roe Cloud (Class of 1910), this series showcases emergent and leading scholarship in the fi eld of American Indian Studies. The series draws upon multiple disciplinary per- spectives and organizes them around the place of Native Americans within the development of American and European modernity, emphasizing the shared, relational ties between indigenous and Euro-American societies. It seeks to broaden current historic, literary, and cultural approaches to American Stud- ies by foregrounding the fraught but generative sites of inquiry provided by the study of indigenous communities. Y7275-Brooks.indb ii 10/3/17 8:26:06 AM Our Beloved Kin A New History of King Philip’s War Lisa Brooks New Haven & London Y7275-Brooks.indb iii 10/3/17 8:26:06 AM The publication of this book was supported (in part) by Amherst College. Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Philip Hamilton McMillan of the Class of 1894, Yale College. Copyright © 2018 by Lisa Brooks. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. offi ce). Set in Electra type by Newgen North America. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017947666 isbn 978-0-300-19673-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Y7275-Brooks.indb iv 10/3/17 8:26:06 AM For Rick, who has always understood Y7275-Brooks.indb v 10/3/17 8:26:06 AM The fi rst step in liquidating a people . is to erase its memory. Destroy its books, its culture, its history. Then have somebody write new books, manufacture a new culture, invent a new history. Before long the nation will begin to forget what it is and what it was. The world around it will forget even faster. —Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (1978) pili kisos, “the new moon” pildowi ôjmowôgan, “a new history” —Joseph Laurent, New Familiar Abenaki and English Dialogues (1884) Y7275-Brooks.indb vi 10/3/17 8:26:07 AM CONTENTS List of Maps ix A Note on the Maps xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Prologue: Caskoak, the Place of Peace 17 part i the education of weetamoo and james printer: exchange, diplomacy, dispossession one Namumpum, “Our Beloved Kinswoman,” Saunkskwa of Pocasset: Bonds, Acts, Deeds 27 two The Harvard Indian College Scholars and the Algonquian Origins of American Literature 72 Interlude: Nashaway: Nipmuc Country, 1643–1674 107 part ii no single origin story: multiple views on the emergence of war three The Queen’s Right and the Quaker’s Relation 115 four Here Comes the Storm 140 Y7275-Brooks.indb Sec1:vii 10/3/17 8:26:07 AM viii Contents five The Printer’s Revolt: A Narrative of the Captivity of James the Printer 169 part iii colonial containment and networks of kinship: expanding the map of captivity, resistance, and alliance six The Roads Leading North: September 1675–January 1676 203 Interlude: “My Children Are Here and I Will Stay”: Menimesit, January 1676 246 seven The Captive’s Lament: Reinterpreting Rowlandson’s Narrative 253 part iv the place of peace and the ends of war eight Unbinding the Ends of War 301 nine The Northern Front: Beyond Replacement Narratives 328 Notes 347 Index 425 Y7275-Brooks.indb Sec1:viii 10/3/17 8:26:07 AM MAPS 1. Native homelands of the Northeast, highlighting places mentioned in the book 2 2. Caskoak and surrounding territories 18 3. Pocasset and Pokanoket, highlighting places in chapter 1 28 4. From Pocasset to Patuxet, wide view of places in chapter 1 37 5. Hassanamesit and the mission communities, with Missitekw, Cambridge, Boston 74 6. Nashaway 108 7. Pocasset and Pokanoket, highlighting places in chapters 3 and 4 116 8. Nipmuc and surrounding homelands, highlighting places in chapter 5 170 9. Northern Front Territories, highlighting places in chapter 6 204 10. Samuel Numphow’s journey 210 11. Wanalancet’s journey 217 12. Mary Rowlandson’s removes 254 13. Hoosic and northern networks 273 ix Y7275-Brooks.indb Sec1:ix 10/3/17 8:26:07 AM This page intentionally left blank A NOTE ON THE MAPS The maps included in each chapter and on the website are designed as inter- active guides. Readers are encouraged to refer to them as they read. Full-scale color versions and additional maps can be viewed at http://ourbelovedkin.com. These maps do not represent all Native territories and place names or all colo- nial towns, but highlight places mentioned in the book. Please note that these maps are not designed to delineate fi xed territories, but to locate the reader in and convey the author’s conceptualizations of Native space. Concentric circles convey a sense of homelands spreading outwards from a center, rather than indicating a single point on a map. The maps were created using ArcGIS 10.3, courtesy of Amherst College. Lisa Brooks and Andy Anderson, lead GIS Specialist, led a team that included Aida Orozco, Micayla Tatum, Cassandra Hradil, Lauren Tuiskula, Heru Craig, Maggie King, Allyson LaForge, and Griffi n Harris. Special thanks to the An- drew W. Mellon Foundation and the Gregory S. Call Academic Interns Pro- gram for supporting a research tutorial and funding for research assistants, and to the Whiting Foundation for supporting the development and piloting of the website. xi Y7275-Brooks.indb Sec1:xi 10/3/17 8:26:07 AM This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book did not start out as a project on King Philip’s War but emerged gradually from the intertwining of several different inquiries. Many conversa- tions and collaborations along the way contributed to my understanding. All mistakes and misunderstandings herein are my own. Ktsi wliwni, great thanks, to the writers, educators, and historians who read the manuscript, in whole or in part, and offered incisive critique and encour- agement, including Cheryl Savageau, Cassandra Brooks, Gordon Russell, Su- san Power, J. Ke¯haulani Kauanui, Melissa Tantaquidgeon Zobel, Elizabeth James Perry, Jonathan Perry, Judy Dow, Cheryll Toney Holley, Pam Ellis, Linda Coombs, Darius Coombs, Jill Lepore, Barry O’Connell, Colin Calloway, Neal Salisbury, Kevin Sweeney, and Tad Baker. Wliwni to the many additional people who, through ongoing conversation, contributed vital insights to this project. In the Nipmuc country and in Cam- bridge/Boston, thanks to Bruce Curliss, Keely Curliss, Mary Anne Hendricks, Kristen Wyman, Larry Mann, Patrik Johansson, Shelly Lowe, Dennis Norman, Malinda Maynor-Lowery, Werner Sollors, Steve Biel, Jeanne Follansbee, Andy Romig, Jim Engell, Leah Price, Mark Schiefsky, and Sally Livingston. Special thanks to the students who contributed to translation and research, including Wampanoag scholar Tiffany Smalley, Rebecca Cohen, and Vanessa Dube, and to everyone who organized and participated in “From the Gospel to Sovereignty: Commemorating 350 Years of the Harvard Indian College” in April 2005. In the Wampanoag and Narragansett country, kutaputash to Tobias Vander- hoop, Judith Sanford-Harris, Bettina Washington, Jessie Little Doe Baird, Pa- tricia Perry, Leah Hopkins, Dawn and Cassius Spears, Berta Welch, Ramona Peters, Jim Peters, Tall Oak Weeden, and Donna Mitchell. At Mohegan and xiii Y7275-Brooks.indb Sec2:xiii 10/3/17 8:26:07 AM xiv Acknowledgments in Connecticut, taputni to Lynn Malerba, Stephanie Fielding, Rachel Sayet, Trudie Lamb Richmond, and Ruth Garby Torres. In Haudenosaunee terri- tory, Nia:wen to Kahntineta Horn, Kahente Horn-Miller, and Alyssa Mt. Pleas- ant. Thanks also to Mary Beth Norton at Cornell for supporting this project early on. In Wabanaki, wliwni to Roger Paul, Carol Dana, Gabe Paul, James Francis, Donald Soctomah, Natalie Dana, Kyle Lolar, Natalie Michelle, John Banks, Chip Loring, Mark Ranco, Maria Girouard, Marge Bruchac, Louise Lamp- man-Larivee, Alex Larivee, Lester Lampman, and everyone at Missisquoi. Rick Pouliot and Lillie Rose Brooks were my constant companions on this journey, and I am grateful to them for sustaining me. Thanks also to my mother, Chris- tine Brooks, for offering vital support while I wrote. A special thanks to Michael Johnson, Sabine Klein and all my colleagues and students at the University of Maine at Farmington, for collaboration, conversation, and research support. In the Connecticut River Valley, thanks to Barbara Moseley, Ed Lonergan, and to all my generous, engaged colleagues in the American Studies and En- glish departments, and in the Five College Native American and Indigenous Studies community. Special thanks to our mapping and website research team, including Dr. Andy Anderson, Aida Orozco, Micayla Tatum, Cassandra Hradil, Lauren Tuiskula, Tim Gaura, Heru Craig, Maggie King, Allyson LaForge, Grif- fi n Harris, and Lehua Matsumoto. Thanks to colleagues at University of Texas at Austin, including Jim Cox and Polly Strong, for good questions, and to those who hosted and participated in discussions at UConn, Rutgers, Yale, Concordia, UCLA, University of Illinois, UC Berkeley, Plimoth Plantation, Historic Deerfi eld, Primary Source, UMass NEH Summer Institute, and NAISA.
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