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Idronics No. 27: Air-To-Water Heat Pump Systems

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TM 27 JOURNAL OF DESIGN INNOVATION FOR HYDRONIC AND PLUMBING PROFESSIONALS July 2020 Air-to-Water Heat Pump Systems Press Connections Available on our most popular products • Years of proven Caleffi reliability in plumbing and hydronic product applications. • Exclusive LEAK DETECTION feature reveals leakage point during system testing if a connection remains unpressed. • Versatile union connections feature integral copper tail-piece construction. Components for today's modern hydronic systems Heating & Cooling www.caleffi.com - Milwaukee, WI USA FROM THE GENERAL MANAGER & CEO Dear Plumbing and Hydronic Professional, There are many types of heat pumps. The one most of us are familiar with is our kitchen refrigerator. It removes heat from food and pumps it back to the kitchen. Over the past three decades refrigerator manufacturers have continually introduced new ways to reduce the energy used by their products. No longer is a homeowner’s decision to replace their refrigerator based mostly on its age. Now, the electrical energy savings offered by the latest technology can justify the purchase - even though their current refrigerator is still functioning. The design of heat pumps that supply space conditioning and domestic water heating has also improved dramatically. Enhanced vapor injection, variable speed inverter compressors, electronic expansion valves and other state-of-the-art technologies have been integrated into many modern heat pumps . The resulting efficiency gains now allow air-source heat pumps to be used in cold Northern climates, even when outside temperatures fall below 0 ºF. And because they operate on electricity, rather than fossil fuel, they are well-positioned for today’s focus on carbon reduction driven by changing social attitudes and government policies. This issue of idronics deals with “air-to-water” heat pumps that heat buildings by absorbing low temperature heat from outside air and delivering it, at higher temperatures, to a hydronic distribution system. These heat pumps combine the advantages of modern air-source heat pump technology with the unsurpassed comfort of hydronic heating and cooling. They are widely used in Europe and Asia, and represent a growing market opportunity within North America. We hope you enjoy this issue of idronics and encourage you to send us any feedback by e-mailing us at [email protected]. For prior issues please visit us at www.caleffi.us, and click on the icon. There you can download the PDF files. You can also register to receive hard copies of future issues. Mark Olson General Manager & CEO 2 3 TABLETABLETABLE OF OF CONTENTSOF CONTENTS CONTENTS Introduction 5 5 Introduction 5 What is a heat pump? Cold climate air-source heat What is a heat pump? Cold climate air-source heat HistoryWhat ofis heata heat pumps pump? Coldpumps climate air-source heat History of heat pumps pumps PerformanceIntroductionHistory of heat limitations pumps Modern pumps air-to-water heat pumps 5 IntroductionPerformance limitations Modern air-to-water heat pumps HeatHeat pump pump operating operating fundamentals fundamentals 1010 7 HeatPipe pump & fitting operating nomenclature fundamentals 10 7 Non-reversiblePipe & fitting vs. nomenclature Reversible heat Energy efficiency ratio Non-reversiblePipe vs. tube vs. Reversible heat Energy efficiency ratio pumps Non-reversiblePipe vs. tube vs. Reversible heat What Energy does efficiency “tons” mean? ratio pumps What does “tons” mean? Heating pumpsPipe mode size thermal performance EnhancedWhat does vapor “tons” injection mean? 2726 Heating mode thermal performance Enhanced vapor injection 2726 Heating mode thermal performance Enhanced vapor injection 2726 Pipe fitting terminology Cooling Pipe mode fitting thermal terminology performance Defrosting January 2020 CoolingPipe modefitting thermal terminology performance Defrosting July 2020 Biomass boilers Energy trends & their effect on hydronic heat sources 2020 Energy Energy Couplingstrends trends & their& their effect effect on on hydronic hydronic heat heat sources sources 1. 1.Government Government policy policy supporting supporting 5. 5.Lack Lack of ofsuitable suitable combustion-based combustion-based heat heat 1. GovernmentElbows policy supporting 5. Lack of suitable combustion-based heat decarbonization: decarbonization: sources:sources: 2. 2.Financial Financial incentives: incentives: 6. 6.Basic Basic service service charges charges & pricing& pricing for for 3. 3.Strong Strong interest interest and and impressive impressive market market naturalnatural gas: gas: Metal pipe joining methods & materials 12 Metalgrowth growth pipefor for “net-zero” “net-zero”joining buildings:methods buildings: & materials 7. 7.Safety Safety issues: issues: 4. 4.Decreasing DecreasingSteel pipe heating heating and and cooling cooling loads: loads: 8. 8.Moratoriums Moratoriums on on natural natural gas gas expansion: expansion: Stainless steel pipe AdvantagesAdvantages Stainless of ofair-to-water steel air-to-water pipe heat heat pumps pumps Wrought iron pipe 1. 1.Significantly SignificantlyWrought loweriron lower pipe installation installation cost: cost: 4. 4.Independent Independent of ofincentives: incentives: Black iron pipe 2. 2.Noninvasive NoninvasiveBlack iron installation: pipeinstallation: 5. 5.Higher Higher net net COP: COP: 3. 3.Ground GroundCast water iron water protection:pipe protection: 6. 6.Savings Savings decrease decrease as asloads loads decrease: decrease: A Technical Journal Copper water tube Air-to-waterAir-to-water heat heat pump pump configurations configurations fromfrom 2828 Air-to-water Brass heat pump configurations 7. 7.Influence Influence of ofglobal global markets: markets: OtherOther air-to-water air-to-water heat heat pump pump system system 7. InfluenceBronze of global markets: Other air-to-water heat pump system CALEFFI NORTH AMERICA, INC Monobloc Monobloc air-to-water air-to-water heat heat pumps pumps configurations configurations Metallurgical joining methods Freeze Freeze Metallurgical protection protection options optionsjoining for for methodsmonobloc monobloc Integrated Integrated systems systems 3883 W. Milwaukee Rd Soft soldering 3883 W. Milwaukee Rd heat heatSoft pumps pumps soldering Balance Balance point point Antifreeze-based Antifreeze-based Brazing freeze freeze protection protection Climate Climate considerations considerations Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53208 Split system air-to-water heat pumps Spr Split Split system systemWelding air-to-water air-to-water heat heat pumps pumps Spr Spr USA interior interior air-to-water air-to-water heat heat pumps pumps interior air-to-water heat pumps 4646 Heat Heat emitter emitter options options for for air-to-water air-to-water heat heat pump pump systems systems 29 SeasonalPolymer averagepipe joining cop methods & materials Radiant wall panels Tel: 414-238-2360 29 Seasonal Seasonal average average cop cop Radiant Radiant wall wall panels panels Heated Heated Polyvinyl floor floor slabs slabs chloride tubing (PVC) Radiant Radiant ceiling ceiling panels panels Underfloor tube & plate radiant panels Panel radiators FAX: 414-238-2366 Underfloor Underfloor Chlorinated tube tube & plate& PolyVinyl plate radiant radiant Chloride panels panels tubing (CPVC)PanelPanel radiators radiators High-Density Polyethylene tubing (HDPE) 58 Design High-Density details for air-to-waterPolyethylene heat tubing pump (HDPE) 58Design Cross-linkeddetails for air-to-water Polyethylene heat tubing pump (PEX) 58 Low-temperature Cross-linked fin-tubePolyethylene baseboard tubing (PEX) 2-Stage setpoint control Low-temperature Low-temperature fin-tube fin-tube baseboard baseboard 2-Stage 2-Stage setpoint setpoint control control E-mail: [email protected] Cast Oxygen iron radiators diffusion 2-Stage outdoor reset control Cast Cast iron iron radiators radiators 2-Stage2-Stage outdoor outdoor reset reset control control Reducing Composite water temperaturePEX-AL-PEX in existingtubing Auxiliary heat source control logic within Website: www.caleffi.us Reducing Reducing Composite water water temperature temperaturePEX-AL-PEX in existingin existingtubing Auxiliary Auxiliary heat heat source source control control logic logic within within Website: www.caleffi.us systems the heat pump systems systems Polyethylene-raised temperature tubing (PE-RT)the the heat heat pump pump Mounting outdoor heat pumps piping Monitoring heat pump performance Mounting PolyPropylene-random outdoor heat pumps piping tubing (PP-R) Monitoring heat pump performance connectionsPolyPropylene-random tubing (PP-R) Domestic water heating options connections connections Fusion joining methods Domestic Domestic water water heating heating options options Buffer Fusion tanks joining methods desuperheater option To receive future idronics issues Buffer Buffer tanks tanks desuperheaterdesuperheater option option Buffer tank piping Indirect tank option Buffer Buffer tank tank piping piping Indirect Indirect tank tank option option FREE, register online DirtSummary separation Reverse indirect tank option FREE, register online 41 Dirt DirtSummary separation separation Reverse Reverse indirect indirect tank tank option option Auxiliary heating provisions On-demand external heat exchanger option Auxiliary Auxiliary heating heating provisions provisions On-demand On-demand external external heat heat exchanger exchanger option option www.caleffi.us Controlling auxiliary heat chilled water cooling details chilled water Controlling auxiliary heat chilled water cooling details chilled water 2-Stage
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